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Ido-English Dictionary

This dictionary is an adaptation of L.H. Dyer’s Ido-English Dictionary of 1924, fully integrating the work’s separate corrigenda and geographical names. It also includes words officially adopted since the dictionary’s publication. Scientific classifications of plants, animals, etc. from the original text remain unchanged, however, and may not be current.

The abbreviations used are: D German (Deutsch), E English, F French, I Italian, S Spanish.

A

  • a(d) (general sense) to. indicating that toward which there is movment, tendency, or position, with or without arrival; opposed to from (de, ek); (cf. vers, til); il iris a la kirko: he went to (the) church; il venas de Paris a London: he is on his way from Paris to London; la hundo jetis su a la kato: the dog sprang at the cat; del (de la) esto al (ad la) westo: from (the) east to (the) west; de tempo a tempo: from time to time; de un dio a l’altra: from one day to another, from day to day; de la supro a l’infro: from top to bottom; (dative: indirect object) donez a me la bastono: give me the stick; il parolis ad el: he spoke to her. (object of action, thought, desire) il elevas su a la richeso e a la honori: he is rising to weather and honors; atencema a la diskurso, attentive to the discourse; surda a la distreso-krii: deaf to the cries of distress; amo a Deo: love to God; me deziras a vu omna feliceso: I wish you all happiness. (comparison or relation) agreabla a la gusto: agreeable to the taste; ca okupo konvenas ad il: this occupation suits him; (proportion; total) tri raportas a non quale du a sis: three is to nine as two is to six; evaluar lua revenuo a 10.000 franki; taxar ol a 400 franki: to estimate his income as (amounting to) 10,000 francs; to tax it at (at the rate of, a total of) 400 francs. Note: Ad is often joined to other prepositions, to verbal roots, adverbs, particularly to add the idea of motion. — FILS
  • -ab- suffix indicating the perfect tense. Def.: Verbal infixo qua indikas, che verbo, la anteeso kompare a tempo-punto di epoko pasinta o futura.
  • abad-o abbot or abbess; -ino: abbess; -ulo: a.; -eyo: abbey; -eso: abbotship; -ala, -ey-ala: abbatial. — DEFIRS
  • abak-o (math., arch.) abacus. — DEFIS
  • abandon-ar (tr.) to abandon, (wholly) give up, (totally) relinquish, forego, forsake. Ex.: Abandonar navo, domo, projeto, infanto. Abandonar su a desespero, a joyo. Ant.: gardar, retenar. V. exp.: Livar urbo, portuo, domo, persono ... esas simple forirar de ol sen ula sentimental impliko. Abandonar persono, ofico, posteno, esas sive lasar li, nevolunte o kontrevole, sive violacante ula devo (abandonar infanti, parenti). Retretar esas retromarchar: la senco primitiva e propra esas militala; senci figurala e derivta: livar la mondo (religiala retreto), funciono od agado (retreto di oficisto, komercisto, e.c.). — EFIS
  • abanik-o hand fan. Def.: Manu-ventizilo por agitar l’aero ye freshigo: en sudala landi l’abaniko uzesas freque. — S
  • abas-ar (tr.) to lower: let down to a lower level; (fig.) to abase (morally), debase; abasez la tirani: down with the tyrants; abasez la manui: hands off!; abasez la chapeli: hats off! Ex.: Abasar la kapo, la brakio, la manuo; abasar levero, standardo, espado, fusilo, velo; omno to signifikas pozar (plu) infre. En la figurala senco, on abasas persono, reduktante lu ad infra rango, kondiciono, e.c.; on abasas su, prenante infra rango, humila posturo, e.c.. Ant.: levar, elevar. V. exp.: Abasar ne esas basigar. Basigar esas igar (plu) basa, des-altigar (E. to make less in height); abasar esas igar decensar ad infra nivelo. — EFI
  • abat-ar (tr., phys. sense) to knock, beat, strike down, fell; -aj-aro: (fort.) abatis. Ex.: Abatar arboro, domo, muro, persono — EFIS
  • abatis-o (of fowl, game) refuse parts, as head, feet, wings, skin, etc.; small edible parts, as giblets. Def.: Mikra parti di pultro, anke di leporo. — F
  • abces-o (med.) abscess; -eskar: to become or turn to an a. Def.: Pusoza kavajo en la korpo. — DEFIRS
  • abcis-o (geom.) abscissa. — DEFIRS
  • abdik-ar (tr.) to abdicate. V. exp.: Abdikar dicesas precipue pri la reji o suvereni, qui cesas regnar por transmisar la povo a sucedanto, sive naturala, sive selektata; abdikar ne esas simple demisionar, ma demisionar por ulu, do facante ankore ago di suvereneso. Vid. abnegar, renuncar, rezignar. — DEFIRS
  • abdomin-o abdomen. V. exp.: Abdomino esas ciencala vorto, plu preciza kam ventro. — DEFIS
  • abdukt-ar (tr., physiol.) to abduct. Note: Not abduct: to kidnap; cf. raptar. — DEFIS
  • abel-o bee; -eyo: apiary; -uyo: beehive; -ino: female or queen-bee; -ulo drone-bee; -edukado: bee-culture; eduk-isto: bee-master. — FIS
  • aberac-o (astr., opt.) aberration; -ar: (intr.) to be aberrant. — DEFIRS
  • abiet-o (bot.) fir-, spruce-tree (genus: Abies). — EFIS
  • abis-o abyss. Def.: granda profundajo submara. — EIS
  • Abisini-a Abyssinia; -ano: Abyssinian
  • abism-o (also fig.) abyss. — EFIS
  • abjekt-a (morally) abject, mean; -eso, abjectness (quality); -ajo a. act. Def.: Qua esas di extrema grado di etikala abaseso. Ex.: Persono, sentimenti abjekta. Ant.: nobla. — DEFIS
  • abjur-ar (tr.) to abjure. Def.: Renuncar publike e solene. Ex.: Abjurar religio, doktrino, opiniono. — DEFIS
  • ablacion-o (surg.) ablation; -ar: to ablate: to remove by surgical operation. Ex.: Ablaciono di membro, di tumoro. — DEFIS
  • ablakt-ar (tr.) to wean; -(ad)o, -eso: (act, state) weaning, ablactation. Def.: Deskustumigar (infanto) de l’alaktado. — DEFIS
  • ablativ-o (gram.) ablative (-case). — DEFIRS
  • ablegat-o (eccl.) ablegate. — DEFI
  • ablet-o (ich.) ablet, bleak (Alburnus lucidus). — EF
  • ablucion-ar (tr., relig., med.) to purify by washing; -o: ablution. Def.: Lavar parto di la korpo segun medicinal (o religiala) preskripti. — DEFIS
  • abneg-ar (tr.) to abnegate, deny one-self; -o, -eso abnegation, self-denial. V. exp.: Abnegar esas renuncar omna profito, personal interesto o mem plezuro, por konsakrar su ad altru or ad ula sociala religiala verko. Abnegar esas propre renuncar su ipsa t.e. sua propra feliceso; vid. renuncar, abdikar, rezignar. — DEFIS
  • abolis-ar (tr.) to abolish; -ismo: abolitionism; -ism-ano: abolitionist. V. exp.: Abolisar, abrogar, supresar: Supresar esas la generala vorto, la du altra esas specala e teknikal termini. On abrogas lego per altra lego, dekreto per altra dekreto, qua nuligas l’antea. On abolisas institucuro o kustumo (ex. rejeso, privileji, sklaveso). — DEF
  • abomin-ar (tr.) to abominate, abhor, loathe, detest (cf. odieg-ar, horor-ar); -ajo: an abominable act or object; -inda: abominable, detestable, execrable. — EFIS
  • abon-ar (tr.) to subscribe for or to (a periodical) igar-ar: to cause (ulu) to subscribe to (ulo); -o: subscription (to a journal); -o-preco: cost of subscription; -anto-, -into: subscriber. — DFIRS
  • abord-ar (tr.) to land on a (shore, a wharf, etc.); to board (a ship, a vehicle); (fig.) to go alongside, come up close to. Def.: Irar sur ulo o, per extenso, venar flanke ad, bordo an bordo kun ulo (por irar sur ol). L’etimologiala senco esas: irar a (sur) la bordo di ulo. Ex.: La Portugalani esis le unesma qui abordis la literi di India. Abordar la navo dil enemiko. La navo abordas (ad, an) la warfo. La pasajanti abordas sur la warfo. — EFIRS
  • aborijen-a, -o aboriginal, autochthon. V.exp.: Aborijeno, indijeno: Indijeno signifikas simple la populo (raso) qua habitas la lando ‘de l’origino’ (historiala). Ex. Omna Amerikani qui naskis en Amerika esas indijena, opozite a l’enmigranti ed a l’Europani (mem samlingua e samrasa), ma nur l’Indiani e simila rasi esas aborijena. — EFIS
  • abort-ar (intr.) to abort, miscarry; (fig.) to come to nothing, fail; -o: miscarriage; -ala: abortive; -igar: to cause a. to (ulu); -igo: miscarriage (caused); -ig-iva, -anta: abortive (capable of producing and abortion); -ig-ivo, -ilo: something causing abortion; -uro: an abortive child or thing. — DEFIS
  • aboy-ar (int., also fig.) to bark, bay; -etar: to yelp; -achar: to give tongue falsely, snarl, bawl. — FI
  • abrevi-ar (tr.) to abbreviate (words), abridge (a book), curtail (a narrative); (cf. rezumar, kurt-igar); -(ad)o, -uro: abbreviation, abridgment. — DEFIS
  • abrikot-o (fruit) apricot; -iero: a. tree. — DEFIRS
  • abrog-ar (tr.) to abrogate, repeal, annul. V. exp.: vid. abolisar. — DEFIS
  • abrotan-o (bot.) abrotanum, southernwood (Artemisia Abrotanum). — ISL
  • abrupt-a precipitous, cragged, abrupt; (fig.) rough, broken, unpolished. Ex.: L’abrupta flanko di monto. Stilo, karaktero abrupta. V. exp.: vid. eskarpa. — DEFIS
  • absent-a absent: not present (de); -(ul)o: absentee; -eso: absence; -eskar: to absent oneself, keep out of the way; -a de Paris: a. from Paris; -a per konjedo: a. on leave. Ant.: prezenta. — DEFIRS
  • absint-o (bot.) absinth, wormwood; -o-liquoro: absinth(e) (the liquor). — DEFIRS
  • absolut-a absolute: unlimited, unrestricted; -ajo: (philos.) something unconditioned; -o: an absolute being; -e: absolutely; -ismo: absolutism; -isto: absolutist; ablativo absoluta: ablative absolute. Ex.: Povo, rejo absoluta. Absoluta neposiblajo. — DEFIRS
  • absolv-ar (tr.) to absolve, acquit, exculpate; -o: (rel.) absolution, (jur.) acquittal; (cf. indulgar). Def.: Deklarar senkulpa (do nepunisebla) ula akuzato. Ant.: kondamnar. — DEFIS
  • absorb-ar (tr., physical sense) to absorb; (fig.) to engross (attention); -o, -eso: absorption; -iva, -anta; -ivo, -ilo: absorbent; -iva papero: blotting paper; -o-puteo: cesspool. Ex.: Sablo absorbas aquo. Lo nigra absorbas la lumo. Absorb-esar da meditado. Vaskularo absorbiva. — DEFIS
  • absten-ar (tr.) to abstain (voluntarily) from, to refrain from (ulo); -(ad)o abstention; -anta, -ema: abstemious, sober; -anto, -ero: abstainer; -emeso: abstinence (habitual state); igar ar: to cause (ulu) to abstain from (ulo); -eskar: to begin to abstain; Ex.: Ne esas facila abstenar drinkar, kande on durstas. V. ex.: Abstenar, karear: Karear ne implikas ‘vole’, ol prefere implikas ‘nevole’ o mem ‘kontrevole’. On abstenas kozo, quan on havas o povus havar; on kareas kozo, quan on ne havas o ne povas havar (nun). Ex.: En voyajo on mustas karear multa kozi (pro ke la kozi mankas); ma se on havus li, probable on ne abstenus li. — DEFIS
  • absters-ar (tr., surg.) to absterge, cleanse (wounds). — DEFIS
  • abstinenc-ar (intr., relig.) to abstain (from meat), to practise abstinence (from pleasure), to fast (de). — DEFIS
  • abstrakt-a abstract. Def.: Qua indikas qualeso en su ipsa, sen realeso: blankeso, boneso, vakueso, esas abstrakta idei e vorti; -igar: to abstract — DEFIRS
  • abstruz-a abstruse, recondite. Del.: Desfacile komprenebla e tedanta. — DEFIS
  • absurd-a absurd, preposterous. Del.: Kontre la komuna raciono. Ant.: saja, racion-oza. — DEFIRS
  • abuli-o (med.) abulia. — DEFIS
  • abund-ar (intr.) to abound, be plentiful (de); -anta: abundant, exuberant, luxuriant; -eganta: superabundant; -o-korno: horn-of-plenty, cornucopia. Ant.: esar skarsa, mankar. — EFIS
  • abut-ar (intr.) to abut (ad), come out (into), end (in); (abscess) to come to a head. Def.: Tushar per un extremajo. Ex.: Omna radii di cirklo abutas al centro. — EFIS
  • abutment-o (arch.) abutment (as of a bridge). — E
  • aceler-ar (tr.) to accelerate, hasten, quicken. Ex.: Acelerar la pazi. Ant.: moderar, (plu)lent-igar. — EFIS
  • acend-ar (tr.) to light (a lamp), to kindle (a fire), to turn on (electric light); (fig.) to inflame (the passions); -ilo: (instr.) lighter; -o-ligno: kindling. Ant.: extingar. — LIS
  • acens-ar (tr., intr) to go up, ascend, mount; -anta: ascending, rising; -eyo: place to mount (as stair, ascent); -ilo: lift, elevator, hoist; -o-festo: Ascension Day; -o rekta: (astron). right ascension. Def.: Irar ad-supere. Ex.: Acensar (sur) kavalo, eskalero, monto. Ant.: decensar. — DEFIS
  • acent-o accent: stress of voice (not written accent, cf. super-signo); -izar; to accent, lay stress on; -izo, -iz-uro: accentuation; sen-acenta, ne-acent-izita: unaccented. — DEFIRS
  • acept-ar (tr.) to accept (something willingly, as a proposal, condition apology, challenge), to receive (a guest); -o: acception, reception, greeting; -ebla: acceptable, receivable (of guests); -anto:acceptor (also of bills); -inda: worth accepting; -o-dio: reception-day, levee. Vu esas plezure aceptata: you are welcome, Ant.: refuzar. V. exp.: recevar. — DEFIRS
  • acer-o (bot.) maple-tree (genus: Acer) — FILS
  • acerb-a (also fig.) acerb: sour, bitter and harsh in taste (as unripe fruit); -eso:: acerbity, harshness; severity. Ex.: Frukto acerba. Parolado acerba. V. exp.: vid. aspera. — EFIS
  • aces-ar (tr.) to have access to (ulu, ulo); (med.) to have an access, an attack; -o: access, entry; (med.) attack; -ebla: accessible, approachable. Ex.: Il acesas loko, persono (o havas aceso a loko, persono). Loko, persono acesebla. Aceso di febro, (fig.) aceso di iraco, furio, desespero. — EFIS
  • acesit-o accesit: honorable mention accorded to a student. — DEFIS
  • acesor-a accessory, subsidiary; (cf. help-anta, konfirm-anta, surogata); -o,-ajo: an accessory; (milit., ledra-) accoutrement. Def.: Qua akompanas precipuajo. Ant.: esencala, precipua. — DEFIRS
  • acetat(-acido) acetic acid. — DEFIS
  • acetilen-o (chem.) acetylene; -lampo: a. lamp. — DEFIRS
  • acetometr-o acetimeter. — DEFIRS
  • aceton-o acetone. Def.: Liquido qua formacas su kande on distilas acetato. — EFIS
  • -ach- imparts a pejorative (contemptuous, disparaging) sense to the composed word: hund-acho, cur; infant-acho, brat; medik-acho, quack; parol-ach-ar, to jabber, prate; rid-(et)-achar, to giggle; dolc-acha, sickly sweet, mawkish.
  • achent-o accent. Def.: Stranjera, regionala o sociala aparta pronunco e frazomelodio di ula linguo — DEFIRS
  • acian-o (bot.) bluebottle, cornflower, (Centaurea Cyanus). — DISL
  • acid-a acid; acetous; -eta: sour, (cf. acerba, akra); (chem.) acid; -ajo: an a. substance; -eso: acidity; -igar: to acidify; -eskar: to become a., turn sour; -igo, -esko: acidification; -oza, -atra: acidulous: -izar: to acidulate. — EFIRS
  • acident-ar (tr.) to cause an accident to; -o: accident (generally in an ill sense), mishap; (philos.) accident; -a, -ala: accidental; -anto: on who or that which causes an a. -ito: vicitim of an a.; -oza: full of a.s; -e: accidentally, by chance. Def.: Efektigar acidento ad ulu (ulo). Ex.: Acidento bona o mala. La infirmaji e acidenti di la vivo homala. Kozo acidental. Deskovrar acidente ulo. — EFIRS
  • acidometr-o acidimeter. — EFIRS
  • acion-o (fin.) share (of a bank, railway, joint-stock company, etc.); -i: stock; -iero: share-, stock-holder; — DFIRS
  • acipitr-o (orni.) goshawk (Astur palumbarius). — LF
  • aciz-o town or city tax on commodities, excise, octroi. — DEFIRS
  • Acor-i (insuli) the Azores.
  • -ad- added to verbal roots to denote the repetition or continuation of the act; parol-adar, to speak (at length); salt-adar, to keep jumping. Note: The following examples show the distinction between -ado and -o: pafar, to shoot; pafo a single shot; paf-ado, signifies a repeated discharge, a volley; from frapar, to strike, we get frap-o, a single blow; frap-ado, a beating.
  • adapt-ar (tr.) to adapt ulo ad ulo; -ar su: a. oneself; -esar: to be adapted. — DEFIRS
  • ad-avan, -e, -a forward (with movement). Ex.: Avane marchar.
  • ad-base (with movement) to the bottom, (cf. ad infre).
  • ad-dextre (with movement) to the right (hand side).
  • ad-dope (with movement) backwards.
  • ad-dukt-o (anat.) adduction; -anta, -iva: adducent, afferent.
  • ad-en (with movement) into. Ex.: Irar aden la gardeno. La ucelo flugis aden la kajo.
  • adept-o adept. — DEFIRS
  • adequat-a adequate. Ex.: Havar ideo adequata pri kozo. — DEFS
  • ad-flu-ar (int.) to flow or run (to, into, as a river to the sea); (med.) to rush (as blood to the head); -(ad)o: afflux.
  • ad-heme (with movement) to or toward home.
  • adher-ar (intr.) to adhere (ad): stick close to, be attached; (fig.) to give adhesion (to a party, a principle); -o: adhesion, adherence; -iva: adhesive; -em-eso: adherency (tendency); -anta, -ema: adherent, sticking (ad); -anto: adherer, follower; -igar: to cause to adhere, stick. Ex.: La epidermo adheras a la pelo. Donar sua adhero a projeto. — DEFIS
  • adi-ar (tr.) to bid adieu to (ulu), say good-bye; -o: adieu; -ala vizito: farewell visit. — DEFIS
  • adiabat-a (thermodynamics) adiabatic.
  • ad-ibe (over) there, thither, (with movement). Ex. Omnube vu iros, adibe me iros kun vu.
  • adicion-ar (tr., math.) to add: cast up (numbers, cf. ad-juntar) -o: addition. Ant.: sustracionar. — DEFIS
  • ad-infre (with motion) down(ward); (cf. ad-sube, ad-base). Ex.: Irar adinfre sur l’eskalero.
  • ad-ir-ar (intr.) to go to, toward; to approach.
  • ad-jac-ar (intr.) to be adjacent; -anta: adjacent: bordering upon.
  • adjektiv-o (gram.) adjective. — DEFIS
  • adjudik-ar (tr.) to adjudicate, adjudge: to award (ulo ad ulo) judicially in a controversy: (at auctions) to knock down to, declare to be the purchaser of; -o: awarding (of prizes), granting (of contracts): -ario: person who receives the award; highest tenderer; -ajo what is awarded. Ex.: Adjudikar la domo a la plendanto. Adjudikar premio ad ulu. — DEFIS
  • ad-junt-ar (tr., physical sense) to add (ulo od ulo); -o: adding, subjoining, adjunction; -ajo: something added, an addition; -ita: additional. Ex.: Adjuntar plu multa sukro a siropo. Facar adjuntajo a domo. Adjuntaji a domeno. Modesteso adjuntita a merito.
  • adjur-ar (tr.) to adjure: command in the name of God, to charge solemnly. Ex.: Me adjuras vu, dicar la verajo. — EF
  • ad-just-igar (tr.) to adjust (ulo ad ulo), to fit, to rectify, correct. Ex.: Adjustigo esas la ago igar ulo justa ad ... Talioro adjustigas vesto ad ulu. Adjustigar balanco, mezurilo.
  • adjutant-o (milit. title) adjutant, aide-de-camp. — DEFIRS
  • ad-latere (with movement) sideways.
  • ad-maxime at (the) most.
  • ad-minime at (the) least.
  • administr-ar (tr.) to administer: to manage, conduct (a business, an estate, a department of government); -eyo: office of a; -ant-aro: (collect.), -erio: (as institution) board of administration. — DEFIRS
  • admir-ar (tr.) to admire; -inda; worthy of admiration, admirable. Ant.: des-prizar, des-estimar. — EFIS
  • admiral-o (title) admiral. — DEFIRS
  • admis-ar (tr.) to admit, to receive (ulu, ulo; cf. agnoskar); -o, -eso: admission, admittance, affiliation; -ebla, -inda: admisable, allowable. Ex.: Admisar ulu aden domo, ulu en societo. — EFIS
  • ad-monte above (i.e. further up on the same general level; not overhead, cf. super), up stream (toward the mountain, the source of the stream). Aernavo flugas trans la rivero admonte de la urbo: the airship flies over (crosses) the river above (i.e. not over the city itself, but up-stream from the city). Ant.: ad-vale.
  • adolec-ar (intr.) to be adolescent; -o, -eso, -tempo: adolescence, period of life between puberty and maturity; -anta: adolescent; -anto: an adolescent. — EFIS
  • adopt-ar (tr.) to adopt (an opinion, a system); (jur.) to adopt (a child); (in assemblies) to agree upon, carry (a motion, resolution), to pass (a bill); -ito: an adopted child or person. Ant.: repulsar. — DEFIRS
  • ador-ar (tr., rel.) to worship (Deo); (gen.) to adore, idolize (ulu, ulo); -inda: adorable. — EFIS
  • ados-ar (tr.) to set the back (di ulu, ulo) to (ulu, ulo), to put back to back; -ar su: to lean one’s back; ados-taluso: (gard.) sloping bed (backed against a wall). Def.: Apogar la dorso. — FIS
  • ad-port-ar (tr.) to bring: carry (ulo) to a person or place; (cf. ven-igar, quer-igar); -ajo: material brought. Ex.: Adportar ulo de Paris a London. Adportez a me ta libro.
  • ad-poz-ar (tr.) to affix: put (ulo) on (ulo); (cf. sur-pozar, sigl-izar); -o: affixing; (gram.) apposition.
  • adragant-o (bot.) gum-tragacanth, gum-adraganth. Def.: Gumo extrakita de tragakanto. — DEFIRS
  • adrenalin-o adrenalin. — DEFIRS
  • adres-o address (on a letter, parcel, etc.); -izar; to address: put an a. on (a letter). Ex.: Ca letro esas adresizita a vu. — DEFR
  • Adriatik-a Adriatic.
  • adsorb-ar (tr., tech.) to adsorb: to condense by adsorption. — DEFI
  • ad-sub (with motion) under. Ex.: La kato kuris adsub la tablo.
  • ad-sur (with motion) on to. Ex.: Irar adsur agro.
  • ad-ube (with motion) (toward) where, whither. Ex.: Adube vu iras?
  • adult-a adult; -o, -ulo, -ino: an a.; -eso: a. state. — EFIS
  • adulter-ar (intr.) to commit adultery; -o, -eso: adultery; -anto, -into: adulterer; -ala: adulterous, adulterine. — EFIS
  • adurol-o (chem.) adurol.
  • ad-vale below: further down on the same general level; (not below = under, cf. sub), down stream (toward the valley, the outlet); vid. ad-monte. Ant.: ad-monte.
  • ad-ven-ar (intr.) to come (towards). V. exp.: vid. arivar.
  • advent-o (rel.) Advent. — DEFIS
  • adventiv-a (biol.) adventitious.
  • ad-ver-e indeed, in truth, it is true, to be sure. Ex.: Advere il venis, ma il agas nulo. Il venis, advere sen instrumenti.
  • adverb-o (gram.) adverb; -a; -ala: adverbial. — DEFIRS
  • advers-a adverse; -o, -ulo, -ino: adversary, opponent. Ex.: Fortuno adversa. Ant.: (adverso) partenero, teder-ito, help-anto, defensanto. — EFIS
  • ad-vok-ar (tr.) to call, call to, hail. Ex.: Advokar la konduktoro, la guardo.
  • advokat-o advocate, barrister (who pleads in court); -eso: bar (profession); -aro: the bar (collect.); -o statala: prosecuting attorney; -o konsilanta: chamber counsel. — DEFIRS
  • adyunt-o deputy, associate: assistant (in some duty); -a: adjunct; -o-profesoro: assistant professor; -o di komon-estro: deputy mayor. — DEFIRS
  • aer-o air; -ala: aerial; -izar: to air, renew the air, (chem.) aerate; -igo, -ifo, -izo: aeration, ventilation; -iz-ita: aired, ventilated; -oza: airy, well-ventilated; -iz-ilo: aerator, ventilator; -flu-eto: draught (of air); -o-dinamiko: aero-dynamics; -o-navo: airship (dirigible balloon; cf. aerostato); -o-nav-isto: aeronaut; -navig-(ad)o: aerial navigation, aeronautics; -o-statiko: aerostatics; -o-terapio: air-therapeutics; -o-timo: aerophobia; en libera aero: in the open air. — DEFIS
  • aerobi-a (biol.) aerobic: -i: aerobia, aerobes. — DEFIS
  • aerodinamik-o aerodynamics. — DEFIRS
  • aerograf-o aerographer. Def.: Ciencisto pri l’aerografio — DEFIS
  • aerojel-o aerogel. — DEFIRS
  • aerolit-o aerolite. — DEFIRS
  • aerometr-o aerometer. — DEFIRS
  • aerometri-o aerometry. — DEFIRS
  • aeronautik-o aeronautics. — DEFIRS
  • aeroplan-o aeroplane. — DEFIRS
  • aeroskop-o aeroscope. — DEFIRS
  • aerosol-o aerosol. — DEFIRS
  • aerostat-o aerostat, balloon (without motive power); -ala: aerostatic. Def.; ‘Balonegi’ qui flotacas pasive en l’aero (ne la ‘direktebla baloni’ a qui esas rezervita la nomo: aernavo). — DEFIRS
  • aes (mus.) A flat.
  • afabl-a affable, amiable; -eso: affability; -ajo: amenity, courteous act. Ant.: des-, ne-afabia, ruda, impertinenta. — EFIS
  • afanon-o busybody. — I
  • afecion-ar (tr.) to have an affection for, to delight in, to be fond of (ulu, ulo); -ema, -oza: affectionate, fond, loving; -ata: beloved, devoted, Ex.: La Polonani afecionas sua patrio. Afecionoza fratino. El afecionas sua matro. Ant.: antipatiar, odiar, abominar. — EFIS
  • afekt-ar (tr., psychol.) to touch (the feelings), to move (emotionally); (med.) to take effect on, to sicken; -esar (da): to be moved, affected (by). Ex.: Lua desfeliceso afektis me. Afekteso nervala. — DEFIRS
  • afektac-ar (tr., intr.) to pose, to make an artificial show, to pretend ostentatiously ; -(ad)o: affectedness, affectation, mannerism; -anta, -ema: affected, pretentious, finical. Ex.; Afectacar la vertuo.Afektacar kom richulo, kom eleganto. — DEFIRS
  • afeli-o (astron.) aphelion. — DEFIRS
  • afer-o (com.) business; (gen. sense) affair: matter, thing, concern, question, etc.; (leg.) cause, legal action; -i: (com.) trade, business; -isto: business-man; -agento: business-agent; -o politikala: political a.; -i extera: foreign a.s.; -o mala: a bad a.; a bad business; -o amor-ala: a love a.; -o honorala: a matter of honor; pledar afero: to plead a cause. V. exp.: La vorto afero aplikesas ne nur a l’aferi komercala e financala, ma a le judiciala, politikala, mem social e moral entraprezi ed agadi. — DEFIR
  • Afgan-o Afghan.
  • Afganistan Afghanistan.
  • afidi-o (ent.) aphis, plant-louse. — EFIS
  • afin-a (chem.) having affinity (ad); (fig.) akin, congenial; -eso: affinity; -esar (ad): to have a. (to). Def.: Qua havas tendenco a kombino, ad uniono. Ex.: Karbono afinesas ad oxo. Afineso spiritala, mentala. Ant.:repuls-anta, -iva. — DEFIS
  • afirm-ar (tr.) to affirm, aver (the truth, or that something is true); -o: affirmation, vouching for, asseveration; -ajo: what is affirmed, the affirmative; defensar la afirmajo: to support the affirmative. Ant.: negar, dementiar. — DEFIS
  • afish-o poster, bill: placard posted in a public place; -igar: to publish, gazette (ulo); -o-glutinar: to post bill, billstick; -expozo, -o-glutino: bill posting; -eyo, -tabelo: place for bill, bill-board; -o-glutin-isto: bill-sticker. — DEFIRS
  • afix-o (gram.) affix: a prefix or a suffix. — DEFIRS
  • aflikt-ar (tr.) to afflict: to cause to suffer mentally, to distress, grieve; -o, -eso: affliction; -anta, -iva: afflicting, distressing; -ar la karno: (fig.) to mortify the flesh. — EFIS
  • aforism-o aphorism. — DEFIRS
  • afrank-ar (tr.) to frank: to prepay (postage on letters), carriage on parcels); -o-, -uro: prepayment; -ita, ite: post free (of letters), carriage paid (of parcels); -ita ye bordo; (f. o. b.) free on board. — DEFIRS
  • Afrik-a Africa; -ano: African.
  • afront-ar (tr.) to affront: to meet front to front, to face; (fig.) to brave. Def.: Opozar (su) fronto a fronto: figurale on afrontas danjero, tempesto, e.c. — EFIS
  • aft-o, -i (med.) aphtha(e), thrush. — DEFIRS
  • afust-o (gun-)carriage. — FIS
  • afuzion-ar (tr.) to affuse. -o: (med., rel.) affusion; pouring of water, etc., on the body. — DEFIS
  • ag-ar (tr., intr.) to do, to act; -igar: to make, cause (ulu, olu) to do (ulo); -(ad)o: acting, deed, action; -anta, -ema, -iva: active; -iv-eso; -em-eso: activity; -eskar: to begin to act, to come into play; -anto, -into: doer. V. exp.: Agar, facar: La difero inter agar e facar esas proxime ta qua existas inter D. tun a machen (E. to do, to make). Ica du verbi esas transitiva, ma kun diversa senci. On facas ula kozo, konkreta objekto; ma ago havas nul objekto extera. Pro to on darfas e devas dicar: Quon vu agas? Me agas nulo (t.e.; me facas nula ago). La sequanta frazi indikas ica difero: «Quon vu agas dum la tota jorno, se on interdiktis a vu facar irga laboro manuala? Ho! me ne restas nul-aganta; me facas argila statueti. Note: Agar is also used as a suffix with the names of instruments to denote the act done with the particular instrument, as: baston-agar: to beat (with a stick), martel-agar: to hammer; fusil-agar: to shoot, etc. — DFIS
  • agac-ar (tr.) to set on edge (teeth); (fig.) to irritate, annoy, tantalize, -anta, -iva: irritating, provoking. Def.: Senco propa esas iritar la nervi (specale e prope di la denti, ex. per la froto di kultelo sur plado o vitro). Ex.: Limar segilo agacas mea denti. (fig.) Agacar hundo. — F
  • agam-a (biol., bot.) agamic, asexual.
  • agap-o (rel.) agape: love-feast. — DEFIRS
  • agar-agar-o agar-agar. Def.: Gelatino extraktita de «Gracilaria lichenoïdes», same de diversa algi. — DEFIS
  • agarik-o (bot.) agaric. — EFIRS
  • agat-o (min.) agate. — DEFIRS
  • agav-o (bot.) agave (genus: Agave). — DEFIRS
  • agend-o agenda: memorandum of things to be done. — DEFIS
  • agent-o (all senses) agent; -erio: agency (establ.) -eso: agency (function); -eyo: agency (office); bors-agento: stock-broker; -o kemiala: chemical a. — DEFIRS
  • agit-ar (tr.) to shake, agitate (ulo, ulu); to wave (a flag, the hand, a handkerchief); (cf. ond-ifar); (fig.) to excite (the feelings; -esar: to be agitated; -(ad)o, -eso: agitation, (tossing as by waves); -anto, -ero: agitator (person); -ilo: agitator (inst.) Ex.: Agitar liquido. Agitar populo. El agitis sua brakio vers me. — DEFIRS
  • aglo-o (orni.) eagle; (fig.) heraldry, (milit. standard) eagle; (astron.) Aquilo; -o-nazo: aquiline nose. Ex.: (fig.) Romana agli. — EFIS
  • aglomer-ar (tr.) to agglomerate, conglomerate; -ajo: agglomeration. — DEFIRS
  • aglosi-o (zool.) aglossity: state of being tongueless.
  • aglutin-ar (tr.) to agglutinate: stick as with glue; (fig.) to join together. — DEFIS
  • agnel-o (poetical and rel.) lamb; (cf. muton-yuno); -eto: lambkin; -ino: ewe-l. — FIR
  • agnosk-ar (tr.) to acknowledge, admit, own (something as right, good, true, false); Me agnoskas vua motivi: I admit your reasons (i.e. receive them as valid); Me agnoskas la neceseso facar ol: I admit the necessity to do it. Agnoskar guvernerio: to recognise a government. L
  • agnostik-a agnostic; -ismo agnosticism. — DEFIS
  • agoni-ar (intr.) to be in the death agony, in the last death struggle, in death pangs, in extremis. — DEFIRS
  • agorafobi-o (med.) agoraphobia; morbid dread of, or giddiness in crossing open spaces. — EFIRS
  • agost-o August; -o-mezo: the middle of A. — DEFIRS
  • agr-o field: piece of ground; (cf. feldo); -ala: agrarian, rural; -ano, -isto: agrarian, country person; -o-kultiv-(ad)o: agriculture; -kul-tiv-ala: agricultural; -kultiv-isto: agriculturist; -o-mezur-(ad)o: land-surveying. Def.: Plu o min granda parto di sulo. — DEFIRS
  • agraf-o hook, hook-and-eye (to fasten dresses, etc.); clasp (for book-lids, cloaks, etc.); snap (of a necklace, bracelet, etc.); (ancient) agraffe; -agar: (tr.) to hook, clasp. — DEFIS
  • agreabl-a agreeable, pleasant; -ajo: a. act or object; -eso: agreeableness, charm. Ex.: Agreabla muliero, loko, figuro, sento. Ant.: des-agre-abla, des-plez-anta; ofens-iva. — EFIS
  • agreg-ar (tr.) to aggregate, incorporate; to admit (into a society, university); -o: aggregation, admission; -ajo: aggregate; -ala grado: a special French university degree, lower than doktoro (F. agrégé). — DEFIRS
  • agrimoni-o (bot.) agrimony. — DEFIS
  • agronom-o agronomist: a scientific agriculturist. — DEFIRS
  • agronomi-o agronomics: the theory of agriculture; -ala: agronomic. — DEFIRS
  • agul-o needle; (R.R.) switch, (England) point; -edo: needleful; -ag-isto: needle-worker, seamstress; switch-man; -if-isto: needle-maker; -agar: to ply the needle; to switch, shunt; -truo: eye of a n.; -pinto: point of a n. trikot-agulo: knitting n.; magnet-agulo: magnetic n. — FIS
  • aguti-o agouti. — DEFIRS
  • ah! ah!
  • ailant-o (bot.) ailanthus. — DEFIRSL
  • ais (mus.) A sharp.
  • -aj- with nouns and adjectives, it denotes an object possessing the quality of, or made out of, the material expressed by the original word: mol-ajo, a soft material or object; bel-ajo, a beautiful object; lign-ajo, something made of wood, woodwork. It may also denote an act (of): amik-al-ajo, an act of friendship; infant-al-ajo, a childish act. With transitive or mixed verbs, it has a passive sense, referring to the object and being identical with -ataj- or -itaj-: send-ajo, something sent; chanj-ajo, something (which is) changed; manj-ajo, something eaten; (cf. -ur-). With intransitive verbs, it has an active sense and is equivalent to -antaj-: rept-ajo, something which creeps (rept-ero is a preferable form); exist-ajo, something existing. Note (1) With transitive verbs this active sense is ordinarily expressed by -iv-, as garnis-ar (tr.) to garnish, embellish; garnis-ivo is then something which embellishes; garnis-ajo would refer to the object embellished; an orn-ivo is something which ornaments, an ornament; orn-ajo, would refer to something (which is) ornamented, not the ornament itself. Note (2): In this connection it may be said that the suffixes -iv- and -em- have essentially an active sense; -ebl-, -ind-, and -end-, have an essentially passive meaning.
  • aji-o (finan.) agio: exchange premium. — DEFIRS
  • ajil-a agile, nimble, quick; -eso: agility; -e: quickly, on the jump! Ant.: lenta. — EFIS
  • ajiot-ar (intr.) to speculate (in public securities, stocks), to be a stock-jobber; -(ad)o: agiotage; stock-jobbing; -anto, -ero: stock-jobber. — DEFIRS
  • ajorn-ar (tr.) to adjourn, put off, defer, (ulo til); -o: adjournment, postponement, reprieve; -ema: dilatory. — EFI
  • ajun-a sober. Def.: Ne ja manjinta. — FIS
  • ajur-o ajour-work: open-work, fret-work, (of fabric) webbed: carving, metal work, embroidery, etc. where background is pierced or removed, or where it is translucent; iz-ita kloz-ilo: lattice; -oza kesto: crate. — DEF
  • ajust-ar (tr. tech.) to adjust, regulate, set (cf. ad-just-igar); Ex.: Finita instrumenti esas ajustebla. On ajustas teleskopo por la disto (ne por la direciono: apuntar);; cf. regular. — EF
  • ajut-o ajutage: nozzle, spout. Def.: Specala tubulo o fino di tubo, destinita ne a juntar du tubi or recipienti (quale tubulo), ma a determinar la formo di la sprico ekiranta (ex. ye la fino di lanco por arozar). — EF
  • akaci-o (bot.) acacia; (cf. robinio). — DEFIRS
  • akademi-o academy: learned society, (not «high-school»); -ala: academical; -ano: academician. V. exp.: Akademio esas societo de ciencisti (generale elektita ed en fix nombro) qui ne docas. On devas do evidente rezervar akademiala a ta senco, e ne uzar ol parolante pri universitato (profesori, studenti, kursi, e.c.). — DEFIRS
  • Akadi-a Acadie; -ano: Acadian.
  • akant-o (bot.) acanthus. — DEFIRS
  • akanton-ar (tr., milit.) to canton: billet, allot quarters (to troops in a locality); -eyo: cantonment, quarters — DEFIS
  • akapar-ar (tr., finan.) to corner (goods, the market); (fig.) to monopolize. Def.: Amasigar komercaji en granda quanto por skarsigar li e cherigar lia preco. — FI
  • akar-o (ent.) acarida; mite, tick. — EFIRSL
  • Akay-a Achaia; -ano: Achaian.
  • aklam-ar (tr.) to acclaim: to shout approval or applause. Ex.: La rejo esis kronizata inter la aklami di la turbo. Li aklamis il kom rejo. Li aklamis la propozajo. — DEFIS
  • aklimat-ar (tr.) to acclimate, acclimatize: to season, to inure, accustom to a climate; (fig.) to habituate, make one feel at home. — DEFIRS
  • akne-o (med.) acne; -oza, -iz-ita: pimply, blotched. — EFIS
  • akolut-o acolyte. — DEFIRS
  • akomod-ar (tr., tech., opt., etc.) to accomodate: adapt, adjust; -o: accommodation. — DEFIRS
  • akompan-ar (tr., also mus.) to accompany: escort; (-ad)o: accompanying; -uro: accompaniment; -ar su per piano: to a. oneself on the piano. — EFIRS
  • akonit-o (bot.) aconite, wolfsbane, monkshood. — DEFIRS
  • akont-o installment, partial payment; -e pagar: to pay on account. Def.: Partal pago di toto debo. — DEFIS
  • akor-o (bot.) calamus, sweet flag, (Acorus calamus). — L
  • akord-ar (intr., mus.) to be in tune; (cf. konkordar); (gram.) to agree; -igar: to tune; (gram.) to make agree; -o, -eso: accord, agreement; -igo: tuning; -ig-ilo: (instr.) tuner; -ig-isto: (person) tuner; dis-, mis- ne- -o: discord (cf. disonanco). — DEFIRS
  • akordeon-o (mus. instr.) accordion. — DEFIRS
  • akr-a acrid (taste, smell); (cf. acerba, acida); harsh (in voice); (fig.) acrimonious; -eso: acridity, asperity; -a-humora: crabbed, peevish, -a-dolca: bitter-sweet. Ant.: dolca. — EFIS
  • akredit-ar (tr.) to accredit: to give credit or sanction to (ulu, ulo); -ita: accredited; -o-letro: (dipl.) letter of credence, credential. — DEFIRS
  • akrid-o grasshopper, cricket; (family: Akrididae); (cf. lokusto). — L
  • akril-a acrylic. — DEFIRS
  • akrobat-o acrobat: -ajo: a. act; -ala: acrobatic. — DEFIRS
  • akroch-ar (tr.) to hang (on a hook), to hook on (ulo ad ulo), to interlock, grapple (a ship): -o: hitch, hooking on; -ar su ad: to cling (like grim death) to. — F
  • akromat-a (opt.) achromatic; -eso: achromatism. — DEFIRS
  • akromi-o (anat.) acromion. — DEF
  • akronim-o acronym. — DEFIRS
  • akropol-o acropolis. — DEFIRS
  • akrostik-o acrostic. — DEFIRS
  • akroterio-o acroterium. — DEFIRS
  • akt-o (theater; legal document) act. — DEFIRS
  • aktini-o actinia: sea-anemone. — DEFIRS
  • aktinik-a actinic. Def.: Qua efektigas chanji kemiala ye radii luma o fota od energio radianta. — DEFIS
  • aktiv-a active (opposed to passive; also used in com., fin., gram., mil. senses); (cf. agema, ajila); -eso: activity; -o: (gram.) active (voice); a-debaji: debts which a person has to receive: assets. Ex.: Aktiva puero, homo. Aktiva parto (en afero). Aktiva verbo. La aktivi e pasivi di ban-krotinto. Ant.: pasiva. — DEFIRS
  • aktor-o actor (male or female); -ino: actress; -acho: bad a. — DEFIRS
  • aktual-a actual; -ajo, -eso: actuality, question of the hour; -igar: to actualize. Def.: Qua traktesas od interesas en la nuna instanto (proxime reala); fakte e komplete existanta, opozite a to quo povus esar, ma ne esas, ed a to quo naskas o divenas (ica od ita). Ex.: Aktuala energio, opozata a potencial energio. La evento aktuala esas ... La jurnali povas vivar nur per aktualaji (E. journals can live on passing events). — DEFIS
  • akul-ar (tr.) to bring to bay (ulu a ulo): To drive into a place from which there is no escape. Ex.: On povas akular kombatanto a muro, armeo a rivero o monto, bestio chasata a klozilo. — FIS
  • akumul-ar (tr.) to accumulate; -(ad)o, -ajo: accumulation. Ex.: Akumular richaji, trezori, pruvi. Ant.: dis-donar. — DEFIRS
  • akumulator-o (elec.) accumulator. — DEFIRS
  • akupuntur-o acupuncture. — DEFIRS
  • akurat-a punctual. Def.: Qua venas (persono) od eventas precize ye la loko, ye la kloko fixigita, konvencionita. V. exp.: Persono povas dicesar akurata, ma ne exakta o preciza. Akurateso indikas la ideo di sorgo. — DIRS
  • akush-ar (tr., obstet.) to deliver (a woman); (cf. parturar): -o accouchment: delivery in child-bed; -ist-ino: midwife; -ala: obstetrical; -arto: obstetrics. — DEFR
  • akustik-o acoustics; -ala: acoustical; -ala tubo: hearing-tube; ear trumpet. — DEFIRS
  • akut-a (also fig. of sound, pain, sickness, accent) acute, sharp, keen; -ajo: a sharp object; edge; -igar: to sharpen, whet, put an edge on; -ig-ilo: sharpening instrument; whetstone; -eso: (pr. and fig.) acuteness, keen-ness; -a angulo: acute angle; -arista: sharp-edged. Ant.: obtuza. — DEFIS
  • akuz-ar (tr.) to accuse, inculpate, charge with, indict; -o, -ajo: accusation: impeachment (for state offenses); charge (before a police magistrate); indictment (for larceny, etc.); -ala: accusatory; -ato, -ito: the accused, the defendant; -anto, -ero: accusor, indicter, prosecutor; -ebla: chargeable, impeachable; -motivo: reason for accusation. Def.: Imputar kulpo, delikto, krimino ad ulu. Ant.: justifikar. — EFIS
  • akuzativ-o (gram.) accusative (case). — DEFIRS
  • al = a la.
  • al-o (also fig. of army, aeroplane, building, windmill, etc.) wing; -eto: small wing, pinion, aileron; -oza, -iz-ita: winged; -o-forma: aliform, wing-shaped: -o-stroko: wing beat, flap; brandisar la ali: to clap, flap the wings. — EFIS
  • -al- denoting: relating to, pertaining to, appropriate to: autun-ala, autumnal; rej-ala, royal; nacion-ala, national; sexu-ala, sexual. It is frequently equivalent to the genitive: aquo di rivero = river-ala aquo; fluo di maro = mar-ala fluo. As a practical rule, «an adjective in -ala is appropriate wherever it can be replaced by the genitive of the substantive it is formed from». Note (1): -al- should not be appended to proper names to form adjectives; dramati da Shakespeare, Shakespearean dramas, not Shakespeare’ala dramati as the use of -ala would signify dramas relating to or analogous to those of Shakespeare. Note (2) Difference of meaning and use between -a and -ala: -a is the primary grammatical final of that great class of words which fundamentally expresses quality: blu-a, simpl-a, facil-a. It carries the signification and answers the question «what is»; consequently, blu-a, (what, which is) blue; simpl-a, (what is) simple; facil-a ago, an act which is easy. Added to nominal roots denoting a substance it has the same meaning: marmor-a statuo, a statue made of or that is of marble; or-a vazo, a (made of) gold vase; hom-a ento, an entity which is human; aqu-a voyo, a water-way (a way composed of water). The suffix -ala is the ordinary adjectival termination (except where the adjective is used to denote a substance out of which a thing is made, composed of, as in marmor-a, or-a, aqu-a) for that large class of roots which is nouns in its fundamental significance. It expresses the idea: pertaining to, relative to, as we find it used in thousands of English words. We therefore say: puer-ala ago, a childish act (an act appropriate or suitable to a child), not a puer-a ago which could only logically signify ‘an act which was a child’ (!); aqu-ala ludi, water sports, does not refer to, pertain to sports ‘made of’ water (aqu-a ludi), but sports relating to, pertaining to water; nacion-ala legi, national laws, does not mean ‘laws which are a nation’; on the other hand, an aqu-a voyo, a water-way (as a canal), widely differs from an aqu-oza voyo, a way (road) full of water (puddles). It is to be noted that where there is a composed word, such as: internacion-a, ca-di-a, the adjective form is always in -a, not -ala: the idea being that the first part of the composed word (inter-, ca-) sufficiently indicates the relationship. Also after roots compounded with sen the -a is always used, not -ala, -oza, etc.: sen-esper-a, not sen-esper-oza; sen-viva korpo, a lifeless body.
  • alabastr-o alabaster. — DEFIRS
  • alakt-ar (tr.) to suckle, give suck to; -(ad)o: lactation, nursing; -ato: nursing; cf. ablaktar; -o-fratulo: (fig.) foster-brother; -o-fialo:, -vazo: nursing bottle; -ata porkyuno: sucking pig. — EFIS
  • alambik-o still (for distilling); (chem.) alembic. — DEFIRS
  • alantoid-o allantois; -ala: allantoidal. — DEF
  • alarm-ar (tr.) to alarm: sound the alarm, give signal of danger; -o: cry or signal of danger; (fig.) sense of danger, fright (cf. pavoro); -ema, -emo, -isto: alarmist; -o-klamo: shout of alarm; mis-alarmo: false a.; sonigar l’alarmo: to sound the a. — DEFIS
  • Alask-a Alaska. — DEFIRS
  • alaud-o (orni.) lark. — FISL
  • alb-o alb. Def.: Longa, blanka robo portata da la sacerdoto dum la meso. — DEFIS
  • Albani-a Albania; -ano: Albanian.
  • albatros-o (orni.) albatross. — DEFIRS
  • alberg-o inn; -estro: inn-keeper. — DFIS
  • albin-a, -o albino. — DEFIRS
  • album-o album: book for photographs, autographs, cards, etc. — DEFIRS
  • albumen-o albumen: white of egg; -izar: (cook.) to glair. — DEFIRS
  • albumin-o (chem.) albumin; -oza: albuminous. — DEFIRS
  • albuminoid-a, -o albuminoid. — DEFRIS
  • albuminos-o (med.) albuminosis.
  • albuminuri-o (med.) albuminuria; -ika: suffering from a. — DEFIRS
  • alburno-o (bot.) sap-wood, alburnum. — EFISL
  • alced-o (orni., genus.) Alcidae (genus Alcedo). — L
  • alcion-o (myth.) halcyon; -ala dii, h. days. — DEFIS
  • aldehid-o (chem.) aldehyde. — DEF
  • ale-o lane, walk, path (in a garden, park, wood, etc., generally between rows of trees); (cf. strad-eto). — DEFR
  • aleg-ar (tr.) to allege, adduce, advance (arguments, facts, etc. in order to prove or justify something); -o: allegation (act); -ajo: allegation: what is alleged. V. exp. vid. citar. — DEFIS
  • alegori-o allegory; -ala: allegorical. — DEFIRS
  • alej-ar (tr., phys. sense) to lighten, relieve (of a load); (fig.) to alleviate, ease, relieve (the mind, etc.). Ex.: Alejar mulo di qua la portajo esas pezoza. Alejar navo. Alejar dento-doloro. Alejar la mento. (vid. lejer-igar. — EFIS
  • alen-o awl (shoemaker’s, sailmaker’s, etc.; cf. punc-ilo). — F
  • alergen-o allergen. — DEFIRS
  • alergi-o allergy. Def.: Reakto ne-normala di la korpo a substanci normale ne-nociva. — DEFIS
  • aleron-o aileron. — EFIRS
  • alert-a alert: wide-awake, smart, brisk, sprightly; (cf. ajila, ag-ema, aktiva). — EF
  • aleuron-o (bot. & chem.) aleurone. — DEF
  • Aleuti (insuli) Aleutian Islands.
  • alexandrin-a, -o alexandrine (verse). — DEFIRS
  • alexin-o alexin. — DEFIRS
  • alez-ar (tr.) to ream, bevel out, bore smooth (inside of a cannon, steam cylinders, etc.); (cf. borar) -ilo: reamer; -ala diametro: diameter of bore. Def.: Glatigar l’internajo di tubo, truo. — FIS
  • alfabet-o alphabet; -ala: alphabetical; -libro: primer; alphabet book. — DEFIRS
  • alfenid-o alfenid: silver-nickle alloy. — DEFIRS
  • alg-o alga(e): sea-weed, kelp, dulse, sea-lettuce, etc.; (cf. fuko). — DEFIRS
  • Algarvo Algarve.
  • algebr-o algebra; -ala: algebraic. — DEFIRS
  • alginat-o alginate. — DEFIRS
  • algoritm-o (math.) algorism, algorithm. — DEFIRS
  • ali-o garlic; -o-pano: bread rubbed with g.; -sauco: g. sauce. — FISL
  • alianc-ar (tr.) to unite, ally (families by marriage); -o: family alliance (by marriage); -ito: relation by marriage; (cf. mis-aliancar). V. exp.: Ta verbo ne esas sinonimo di mari-ajar, qua relatas nur la gespozi; aliancar relatas lia familii. — DEFIS
  • alias alias. Def.: Altre nomizita. — L
  • alibi-o (jur.) alibi; pledar -o to plead an a. — DEFRS
  • alidad-o (tech.) alidade. — DEFRS
  • alien-ar (tr.) to alienate: to sell, dispose of (estates, property, rights); ne -ebleso: (jur.) mortmain. (cf.enemik-igar, igar des-favor-oza). Ex.: Alienar sua havaji. — DEFI
  • alienac-ar (intr.) to be in a state of alienation (mental derangement); -ika, -iko: deranged, insane (person). — EFIS
  • aligator-o alligator. — DEFIRSL
  • aliment-ar (tr.) to supply with what is necessary (as water, fuel to a machine, provisions to a town, food to a family or person); (cf. nutrar); -o: alimentation: supply, maintenance, feeding; -ala, -anta; alimental: sustaining. — DEFIS
  • aline-o (print.) a line of which the first word is indented; a new paragraph. — DFI
  • alini-ar to align, to set in line. Def.: Ordinar segun rekta lineo: on alinias planti, soldati, edifici e.c. — EFIS
  • aliterac-ar (tr., intr.) to alliterate. Def: Komencar (finar) per la sama sono o soni. — DEFIS
  • alizarin-o (chem.) alizarine. — DEFIRS
  • alize-o trade-wind. Def.: Vento qua suflas konstante dum la tota yaro inter la tropiki. — FIS
  • Aljer Algiers (town); -ano: inhabitant of A.; -ia: Algeria; -iano: Algerian.
  • alk-o (zool.) elk, (Cervus alces). — DEISL
  • alkald-o (Spanish magistrate) alcade, alcalde. Def.: Komonestro e pacojudiciisto en Hispania. — DEFIS
  • alkali-o (gen. sense) alkali; -oza, -atra: alkaline; -ema: alkalescent; -igar: to alkalize (turn into a.); -izar; to add a. to; -oz-eso: alkalinity. — DEFIRS
  • alkaloid-a,-o (chem.) alkaloid. — DEFIRS
  • alkemi-o alchemy; -isto: alchemist. — DEFIRS
  • alkohol-o alcohol; -oza, -ema, -atra: alcoholic, spiritous; -igo, -izo: alcoholization; -ismo: alcoholism; -ajo: spirits; -oz-eso: alcoholicity; -ika, -iko: (med.) alcoholic (person); -macerajo: a. extract. — DEFIRS
  • alkoholometr-o alcoholometer. — DEFIRS
  • alkov-o alcove: recess. — DEFIRS
  • almanak-o almanac: yearly calendar with variety of information; (fig.) year-book; adres- -o: directory. — DEFIRS
  • alme-o alme(h): Egyptian musical entertainer. — DEFIS
  • almon-ar (intr.) to give alms (ad ulu); -o: alms, alms-giving; -ema, -oza; charitable (in giving); -ero, -isto; -ulo, -ino: almoner; charitable person; -kesto: poor-box. — DEF
  • aln-o (bot.) alder(-tree) (Ainus); -bosko: a. grove. — FIL
  • alo-o aloe (plant); -ligno: a. wood: agalochum; -suko: juice of a. Def.: Genero dil liliacei, kun dika folii, di qui on extraktas rezino bitra, purgiva. — DEFIRSL
  • alodi-o allodium, freehold estate, fee-simple estate; (opp. to feudo); -ala; allodial. — DEFIRS
  • along-e along, at the side of; -irar: (tr.) to go along, skirt, coast. Ex.; Ni iris alonge (od, alongiris) la bordo dil lago. — EFI
  • alonj-o lengthening piece; leaf (of telescope, table), (jur.) allonge (of bills of exchange); Def.: Tubo quan on adjuntas ad altra por longigar ol o por igar ol komunikar kun altra tubo o vazo, anke uzata por (la prolonguro di) la tabli e trati. — DEF
  • alopati-o allopathy. — DEFIRS
  • alopeci-o (med.) alopecia: loss of hair, baldness; (cf. kalva, sen-hara, senpila). — DEFIS
  • alos-o (ich.) alose: shad (genus: Alosa). DeFSL — DEFSL
  • alotrop-a (chem.) allotropic; -eso: allotropy. — DEFIRS
  • aloy-ar (tr.) to alloy; combine metals by fusion; -o, -uro: alloy (of metals); (fig.) any impure mixture; quality (of things in general); bon- -a: good quality, blue-blooded (of per-sons), high standard of quality (of things). Ex.: Bronzo esas aloyuro. (fig.) Esas poka vertui sen kelka aloyeso. — EF
  • alp-o alpine pasture; -ala, -atra: alpine; -acens-isto; a. climber. — DEFIRS
  • alpak-o alpaca. Def.: Ruminero dil genero lamao: l'alpaki vivas en Sud-amerika. Lano de alpakopili. — DEFIS
  • «alpari» (fin.) at par; (cf. para).
  • Alpi the Alps.
  • alt-o alto-viola, -violin; -o-voco: a. voice, counter-tenor; o-ple-isto: a. player; saxhorn-alto: alto-horn. — DEFIRS
  • alt-a high, tall, lofty (also used with pressure, sound); -ajo: a high object, a height; -ulo: a tall man; -eso: highness; -igar: to make higher, raise; -eskar: to rise, get higher; -a-reliefo: (art.) high relief; alta grad-a, -o: of high degree, high grade; minim-alteso (di aquo): low-water mark; ica chambro esas alta de dek e kin pedi: this room is 15ft. high. V. exp.: alta, basa; suba, supera; infra, supra; sura; inferiora, superiora: Alta e basa expresas dimensiono. Ex.: La supra etajo esas basa e la infra etajo esas alta (E. the uppermost story is low and the lowermost story is high). Anke en la tekniko, on parolas pri vaporo ye alta (basa) preso, od en la muziko, pri alta o basa noto, sono. Suba e supera havas senco relativa ed indikas nur situeso o direciono relate determinita punto, t.e. nivelo plu a min alta. Exemple, konsiderante domo kun sis etaji, e parolante de la vidpunto di ta, qua lojas sur la triesma, la supera etaji esas la 4ª, 5ª, 6ª; la suba etaji esas la 2ª, la 1ª e la ter-etajo. Supra ed infra havas senco absoluta, ed indikas loki o parti en determinita objekto. Segun la supera exemplo, la supra etajo esas la 6ª, la infra esas la ter-etajo. Sura relatas ulo supera e kontakte kun ulo, do la sura etajo esas nur la 4ª. On uzas prefere la supr-ajo, la infr-ajo por indikar la materiala parto di l’objekto, e la supro e la infro por indikar la geometrial extremajo o surfaco. Ex.: la supro di la komodo esas horizontal; la suprajo de la komodo esas marmora (od: ek marmoro). En citado, on dicas: Videz supere (E. look (anywhere) above) o videz supre (E. look at the top); videz sube (E. see below) o videz infre (E. see at the bottom). On uzas superiora, inferiora en la sociologiala e ekonomikala senco por indikar ta qua esas rispektive super o sub ulu per la povo ed autoritato. Ant.: basa. — EFIS
  • altar-o (rel.) altar. — DEIRS
  • alte-o (bot.) althaea: marsh-mallow (Althaea officinalis). — DEFIRSL
  • alter-ar (tr.) to alter; modify the nature or quality of anything (generally for the worse); -o, -eso: alteration; adulteration, deterioration; -ebl-eso: alterability. Kelka veneni alteras la kompozeso di la sango: some poisons alter (change) the composition of the blood. Alterar la beleso: to spoil beauty. Alterar moneti: to debase coins; alterar linguo: to corrupt a language. Def.: Chanjar la naturo o qualeso di kozo (generale a min bona). — DEFIS
  • altern-ar (intr.) to alternate, take turns; -igar: to cause to a.; -(ad)o: alternation, succession; -anta: alternating (movement, crop, etc.) -igar la kultivo: to vary, rotate the crops. Ex.: La sezoni alternas. — DEFIS
  • alternativ-o alternative, choice, option. Def.: Posibleso di selekto inter plura kozi, hipotezi. — DEFIS
  • alternator-o alternator. Def.: Generatoro por produktar alternanta korento. — DEFIS
  • altist-o alto-player, violist. Def.: Ta qua pleas alto. — DEF
  • altitud-o altitude; ye- -o de: at an a. of. Def.: Alteso di loko relate la mar-nivelo. — EFIS
  • altr-a (indefinite adjective-pronoun) other, another; -o, -ajo: another thing, something else; -u: another person; -i: others; -e: otherwise; -e, -a-nome: (leg.) alias; -igar: to alter; (cf. alterar); -a-loke: elsewhere; -a-tempe: at another time; -a-maniere: in another manner or way; -ube: elsewhere, somewhere else; -a-vorte: in other words or terms; l’una, l’altra: one another, each other. — DEFIRS
  • altru-ismo altruism; -isto: altruist. Ant.: egoismo. — DEFIS
  • alud-ar (tr.) to allude to, have reference to, refer to; -o: allusion; -anta, -iva: allusive, suggestive. — EFIS
  • alumet-o match (lucifer); -uyo: m. holder; -if-isto: m.-maker. — F
  • alumin-o (chem.) alumina; -oza, atra: aluminous. — EFIRS
  • alumini-o (metal) aluminium. — DEFIRS
  • alun-o alum. — DEFIS
  • alur-o gait, pace. Def.: Maniero marchar. — DFR
  • aluvion-o alluvium; -ala: alluvial. — DEFIRS
  • alveol-o honey-comb cell; alveolus: tooth-socket; -ala, -atra: alveolar; -oza: alveolated. — DEFIS
  • Alzaci-a Alsace; -ano: Alsatian.
  • am-ar (tr.) to love: to like (very much), care for, have affection for, cherish; (cf. amorar, prizar, afecionar); -o: love; -ado: loving; -anto: lover; -ata, ato: beloved; -eg-ata: darling; -anta, -oza, -ema: loving; -inda: worthy of l., loveable; kind; -ind-eso: lovableness; kindness; pro amo a Deo: for the love of God, for God’s sake. — EFIS
  • amalgam-o (metal and fig.) amalgam; -igar: to amalgamate; -igo: amalgamation. — DEFIRS
  • amans-ar (tr.) to tame, make docile (animals), to make tractable, sociable (persons); -esar: to be t.; -(ad)o:, -eso: taming (act); docility (state); -ebla: tamable. Def.: Igar la animalo min sovaja; (fig.) igar persono plu sociema. Ex.: Amansar leono, urso. Il esas homulo di humoro sovaja; on ne povas amansar il. V. exp. vid. domtar. — IS
  • amar-o mooring-cable, hawser; lashing (as for a gun, etc.); -agar: (tr.) to moor (by cable), to belay, make fast; -ago: mooring (act). — FIS
  • amaranto-o (bot.) amaranth; -ea: a. colored. — DEFIRS
  • amarilis-o amaryllis. Def.: Bulbo planto kun granda, bela flori ye dolcega odoro; l'amariliso kultivesas en la gardeni. — DEFIS
  • amas-o mass, heap, pile; -igar: to heap up, hoard up, amass; -eskar: to get together, crowd; -igo: piling up or together; -ig-anto: stacker. — DEFIR
  • amator-o amateur; kolomb- -o: pigeon fancier; sport- -o: sportsman; -o-teatro: theater run by a.s. — DEFIRS
  • amauros-o (med.) amaurosis. — DEFIS
  • amazon-o amazon; (fig.) mannish woman; -robo: riding habit — DEFIRS
  • amb-a both. Def.: La du kune. — IS
  • ambaj-o, -i ambage(s): circumlocution, beaing around the bush. — EFIS
  • ambasad-o (function) embassy; -erio: (administrative unit) embassy; -eyo: (residence) embassy; -isto: ambassador. — DEFIS
  • ambici-ar (tr.) to be ambitious of, to aspire to; -o: ambition; -oza, -ozo: ambitious (person); -ar la mastreso: to aspire to (aim at) the mastery. — DEFIRS
  • ambidextr-a ambidextrous. — DEFIS
  • ambigu-o ambiguous, equivocal (cf. du-senca, plur-senca); -eso: ambiguousness; -ajo: an ambiguity. Ant.: unasenca, klara. — DEFIS
  • ambl-ar (intr., of horses, etc.) to amble. — EFIS
  • ambliop-a (med.) amblyopic; -eso: amblyopia. — EFIRS
  • ambon-o (rel. arch.) ambo. — DEFIRS
  • ambos-o anvil. — D
  • ambr-o ambergris. — DEFIRS
  • ambrozi-o (pr. and fig.) ambrosia. — DEFIRS
  • ambulanc-o ambulance: field hospital following an army; -isto: a. attendant; furgon- -o: ambulance (vehicle). — DEFIRS
  • ameb-o (biol.) amoeba. — DEFIRS
  • amelior-ar to ameliorate, improve. Def.: Igar plu bona, bonigar. — EFIS
  • «amen» amen. — DEFIRSL
  • amend-o (pecuniary) fine, penalty. — EFIS
  • ament-o (bot.) catkin, ament. — EFIS
  • Amerik-a America; -ano: (an) American.
  • ametist-o (min.) amethyst; -ea: a. colored. — DEFIRS
  • amfetamin-o amphetamine. — DEFIRS
  • amfibi-a amphibious; -o: amphibian. — DEFIRS
  • amfiox-o amphioxus, lancelet (Amphioxus lanceolatus). — EFL
  • amfiteatr-o (all senses) amphitheater. — DEFIRS
  • amfor-o (antiq.) amphora. — DEFIRS
  • Amhara (lando) Amhara (Abyssinia); -ano: inhabitant of A.
  • amiant-o (min.) amianthus. — DEFIRS
  • amid-o (chem.) amide. — DEF
  • amidol-o (photog.) amidol. — DE
  • amik-o friend; -a, -ala: friendly, amicable; -eso: friendship, friendliness, amity; -al-ajo: friendly act; -eskar kun ulu: to become friendly with some one; Franc-amanto, -amiko: Francophile. Ant.: enemiko. — EFIS
  • amil-o starch: (chem.) amylaceous substance in plants; (gen.) fecula used to stiffen linen; (cf. starch-ivo); -izar: to starch: put starch on (cf. starchar); -iferio: s. works; -atra: amylaceous, starchlike. — DEFIS
  • amnesti-ar (tr.) to grant a general pardon; -o: amnesty. — DEFIRS
  • amnezi-ar (intr.) to have amnesia; -o: amnesia: loss of memory; -if-anta: amnestic. — DEFIS
  • amnion-o (anat.) amnion. — DEF
  • amoni-o (chem. radical NH₄) ammonium. — DEFIRS
  • amoniak-o (chem.) ammonia; -o-sala: sal-ammoniac; -ala, -oza, -atra: ammoniacal; -o-gumo: gum-ammoniac. — DEFIRS
  • amonit-o ammonite: a fossil shell. — DEFIRS
  • amon-o, -o-gaso ammoniacal gas. — DEFIRS
  • amont-ar to amount to. Def.: Atingar la sumo di. — EFI
  • amor-ar (tr.) to love (as man or woman); -o: love: expresses not merely the sexual relation but also the sentiment between sexes; -egar: to adore; igar -ar: to make fall in love, cause to love; -eskar: to become enamored, smitten; -anta, -oza, -ema: loving amorous, enamoured; -anto, -oz(ul)o: lover, wooer, sweetheart; -eto: petty love affair, intrigue, amour; -eg-ata, -ato: well-beloved, darling; -ist-ulo: ladies’ man, gallant; -em-ino: flirt; -em-ulo: woman chaser; -ist-ino, -vend-ist-ino: courtesan; -deklaro: declaration of love; -letro: love letter; -kurtezado: courtship; -deo: (myth.) god of love, Cupid. Def.: Expresas specale l’amo di la sexui, ne kom relato sexuala e pure korpala, ma kom specala sentimento. — DEFIRS
  • amorc-ar (tr.) to start a thing off, set going (an instrument or a force); to prime (a gun); to fetch (a pump); -ilo: (of firearms) primer. — F
  • amorf-a (biol.) amorphous. — DEFIRS
  • amortis-ar (tr.) to weaken, deaden, break, (the force of a stream, a blow, a fall or shock); to calm (passions); to abate (inflammation); to blunt the feelings; to tone down, soften (colors); (fin.) to pay, liquidate (a debt), to redeem (an annunity); (jur.) to amortize: to sell in mortmain; (cook.) to make (meat) tender by long-keeping; -(ad)o: deadening; liquidation, amortization; -uro, -ajo, -pekunio: (fin.) sinking-fund; -ebla: redeemable; -ita kuglo: spent bullet; -ilo extinguisher (for charcoal, etc.). Def.: Igar ulo min violent-oza; febl-igar; extingar debajo per pagar la kapitalo; igar plu mola. — DEFIRS
  • ampelops-o (bot.) Virginia creeper. — FSL
  • ampl-a ample: (of space) spacious; (of garments) full, easy; (of supplies) abundant; (of reward) liberal, etc.; -eso: amplitude; -igar: to amplify; -igo: amplification. V. exp.: Expresas relato inter du kozi de diversa speci, maxim ofte la relato di kontenanto e kontenajo. «Ampla» nomizesas mantelo, qua fitas tre laxe la portanto, chambro od agro ube granda kunveno devas eventar; provizuro qua satisfacas la demandi esas «ampla», stato qua havas granda mar-komerco mustas havar «ampla» floto. Ant.: streta. — EFIS
  • amplitud-o (astron., physics) amplitude. — DEFIRS
  • ampul-o ampulla: a bellied phial, glass bulb; (med.) a blister (on feet as from walking, or on hands from rowing). — EFIS
  • amput-ar (tr., surg. and fig.) to amputate, cut off. — DEFIRS
  • amulet-o amulet. — DEFIRS
  • amuz-ar (tr.) to amuse, entertain; (fig.) to distract, divert (cf. distraktar); -ar su; -esar: to a. oneself (per, pri), to be amused (da); -(ad)o: amusement (act): -ivo:, ilo: that which amuses: plaything, toy; -anta, -iva: amusing; -anto, -ero, emo: entertainer; -achar su: to trifle away one’s time. — DEF
  • -an- denotes: a member, inhabitant, partisan, adherent, as senat-ano, senator; vilaj-ano, villager; eklezi-ano, a church member.
  • an (prep.) at, on (indicates contiguity, juxtaposition); dorso an dorso: back to back. Def.: Expresas relato di kontigueso, di apud-pozeso. Ex.: Apogar skalo an muro. Pendar pikturi an la parieto. Glutinar afisho an muro. Pendar chapelo an hoko. Sidar, sideskar an tablo. An la bordo (rivo) di la fluvio. Ula urbo jacas an rivero, an maro, an monto. Ta domo esas situita an la strado X . ... La fenestri an la strado esas granda; ma la fenestri an la korto esas mikra. — DE
  • anabaptism-o (rel.) anabaptism. — DEFIRS
  • anabaptist-o (rel.) anabaptist.
  • anad-o (orni.) duck (family: Anatidae); -ulo: drake; -ino: female d.; -yuno: duckling; -o nigra: black d. (Anas nigra); -lag-eto: d. pond.; -em-busk-eyo: d. ambuscade; -fus-ilo: d. gun. — FISL
  • anaerobi-a (biol.) anaerobic. — DE
  • anagal-o anagallis: pimpernel. — DEFIS
  • anagram-o anagram. — DEFIRS
  • anakond-o anaconda. — DEFIRS
  • anakoret-o (rel.) anchoret, anchorite. — DEFIRS
  • anakoulut-o (gram.) anacoluthon. — DEFIRS
  • anakronism-o anachronism: error in chronology; something incongruous in time. — DEFIRS
  • analgezi-ar (tr.) to lull the sensibilities, produce insensibility to pain; -o: analgesia. — EFIS
  • analitik-o (math.) analytics; -ala: analytic(al). Ex.: Lingui, geometrio analitikala. — DEFIRS
  • analiz-ar (tr., log., chem.) to analize; -o: analysis; -ala: analytical. Ant.: sintezo. — DEFIRS
  • anal-o, -i annal(s). — DEFIS
  • analog-a analogous, similar; -eso: (relation, quality) analogy; -ajo: something analogous. Es.: Rezonado analoga. La linguo Italiana havas multa analogeso a la linguo Latina. An.: ne-simila. — DEFIRS
  • Anam Annam; -ano: Annamese.
  • anamnez-ar to maake an anamnesis. Def.: Explorar la pasinta korpostando sanesala di persono kuracenda: anamnezar malada persono es grava medicinala funciono. — DEFS
  • anamorfos-o (opt.) anamorphosis. — DEFIRS
  • ananas-o (fruit) pineapple; -iero: p. plant. — DFIRS
  • anapest-o (pros.) anapest. — DEFIRS
  • anarki-o anarchy; -ismo: anarchism; -ista, isto: anarchist. — DEFIRS
  • anastigmat-a (opt.) anastigmatic. — DEF
  • anastomos-o (bio., anat.) anastomosis. — DEFIRS
  • anatem-ar (tr.) to anathematize; -o: anathema; -ita, ito: anathematized (person). — DEFIRS
  • Anatoli-a Anatolia.
  • anatomi-o (science) anatomy. — DEFIRS
  • ancestro-o ancestor; -ala: ancestral; -i, -aro: ancestors; -ino: ancestress. — EF
  • anchov-o (ich.) anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus). — DEFIRS
  • ancien-a ancient, old; -eso: oldness, ancientness; -ajo: something old. V. exp.: anciena, nova; yuna, olda; antiqua: anciena, nova relatas prefere la kozi; yuna, olda relatas precipue l’evo, ma on darfas parolar pri homo anciena o nova en lua profesiono, en ofico o funciono. Ex.: Persono qua esas yuna (per evo) ma anciena en ofico (t.e. homo qua havas «ancieneso» en ula ofico, kontraste ad oficisto qua ne tam longe okupas sua ofico quale l’altru. Antiqua koncernas exkluzive l’epoko, t.e. la antea yarcenti, e plu precize la tempi di la Greki e Romani. Domo, moblo, vesto povas esar anciena, e tote ne esar antiqua. O se on qualifikas oli «antiqua,» to esas nur per jokoza or ironioza hiperbolo. Ant.: nova. — DEFIS
  • And-i (the) Andes.
  • Andaluzi-a Andalusia; -ano: Andalusian.
  • Andora Andorra.
  • andrinopl-o «andrinople» a cotton fabric. — FIS
  • androce-o (bot.) androecium. — DEF
  • androgin-a, -o (biol.) androgynous, androngyny. — DEFIRS
  • android-o android. — DEFIRS
  • anekdot-o anecdote. — DEFIRS
  • anemi-o (med.) anemia, anaemia; -ala: (relating to disease) anemic; -ika, iko: anemic (person); -igar: to render anemic. — DEFIRS
  • anemofil-a (bot.) anemophilous. — DEFIS
  • anemometr-o anemometer: wind-guage. — DEFIRS
  • anemon-o (bot.) anemone (genus: Anemone). — DEFIRS
  • aneroid-a aneroid: -a barometro: a. barometer. — DEFIRS
  • anestezi-ar (tr.) to anesthetize (as by ether or chloroform); -o: anesthetizing (act); -eso: anesthesia (state); -iva, ivo: anesthetic. — DEFIRS
  • anet-o (bot.) anet: dil (Anethum graveolens). — EFIRS
  • anevrism-o (med.) aneurism. — DEFIRS
  • anex-ar (tr.) to annex; -o, -eso: annexation; -ajo: an annex: -ita: annexed. — DEFIRS
  • angel-o fish-hook; -agar, -kaptar: (tr.) to hook; -izar: to put a hook on. (cf. peskar). — DS
  • angelik-o (bot.) angelica (Angelica archangelica). — DEFIRS
  • «angelus» (rel.) angelus. — DEFIRS
  • angin-o (med.) angina, quinsy. — DEFIRS
  • angiom-o angioma. — DEFIRS
  • angiopati-o angiopathy. — DEFIRS
  • angioplasti-o angioplasty. — DEFIRS
  • angiosperm-o, -a (bot.) angiosperm(ous). — DEFIS
  • Angl-a English; -(ul)o, -iano: English person; -a-parol-anto: one who speaks English; -ia: England; -atra, -a-mode: in the English fashion: -o-mani-ika, iko: anglomaniac, -ago: E. idiotism, anglicism; -o-odio: anglophobia; -o-odianta, -anto: anglophobe (person); la Angla: the English language.
  • anglikan-a, -o Anglican; -ismo: Anglicanism. — DEFIRS
  • Angol-a Angola.
  • angor-ar (intr.) to be in anguish; -igar: to cause a. to, to agonize; -o: anguish: pang, agony, violent pain (of body or mind); -ig-anta: agonizing; -oza: full of a. V. exp.: vid. pavorar. — EFIS
  • angora-kapro Angora-goat, -kato: A.-cat. — DEFIRS
  • angostur-o angostura. — DEFIRS
  • anguil-o (ich.) eel (order: Apodes); -o-pesko: eel-fishing. — FIS
  • angul-o angle, corner; -eto: small angle, nook; -ala: angular, corner; -oza: many cornered, angulated; -o akuta: acute angled; -o faciala: (anat.) facial a.; ort- -a: right-angled; -o obtuza: obtuse a.; -o-petro: corner-stone; -o-peco: corner-piece; -faldar: (tr.) to fold the corners of (ulo); -moblo: corner-piece (furniture); -ruptar: to break the corners off (ulo). — EFIS
  • Anhalt Anhalt (German duchy).
  • anhel-ar (intr.) to pant, gasp for breath; -igar: to put out of breath, to wind; -(ad)o: panting; (med.) anhelation. Ex.: Ca hundo anhelas. Lu arivis anhelegante, tante rapide lu esis kurinta. Me anheligis me, acensante ta eskalero. — EFIS
  • anhidr-a (chem.) anhydrous. — DEFIRS
  • anilin-o (chem.) aniline. — DEFIRS
  • anim-ar (tr.) to animate: endow with life; (fig.) to enliven, give animation to; -o, -eso: animation; -ata, -oza: animated. Ex.: La anmo animas la korpo. La konversado esis animoza. — DEFIRS
  • animal-o animal; -ala: animal; -eto (mikroskopala): animalcule; -eso: animality; -aro: group of a.s; kingdom, fauna. — DEFIRS
  • animism-o (philos., physiol.) animism. — DEF
  • anion-o anion. — DEFIRS
  • aniversari-o anniversary; -o mortala: commemoration. — DEFIS
  • aniz-o (bot.) anise (Pimpinella Anisum); -o-semini: aniseed; -liquoro: anisette. — DEFIRS
  • anjel-o angel; -ala, -atra: angelic; gard-anjelo: guardian a. — DEFIRS
  • ank(e) (adv., conj.) also; me anke ne (od, anke me ne) I neither; ma anke: but also, but yet. Ex.: La lakto esas plu salubra kam la biro ol esas anke plu nutriva. Def.: Egale, simile, ultree. — I
  • ankilos-ar (tr., surg.) to anchylose: make stiff; -esar: to be to become anchylosed; -o, -eso: ankylosis, anchylosis. — DEFIRS
  • ankor(e) (adv., conj.) yet, still, until now, until then (refers to a fact or act already existing); lu ankore ne arivas: he has not yet arrived; kad vu ankore hungras? are you still hungry. V.exp.: Ankore, ja: Ankore signifikas duro di ago o stando plu longa, e ja komenco di fakto od ago plu frua kam on opinionis; til nun, altrafoye, pluse, senchanje, durante. — FI
  • ankr-o anchor; -o-jetar, -agar: (tr.) to anchor; -ago: anchoring; -esar-agita: to be at anchor; -ag-eyo: anchorage; -o-trabo: (nav.) cat-head; -o-boyo: a.-bouy; driftar sur sua ankri: to drag one’s anchors. — DEFIRS
  • anm-o soul (cf. psiko); -izar: to put soul into, to hearten; -oza: soulful, with spirit; sen- -a: without soul, inanimate; kantar kun -o: to sing with spirit. Def.: L’ento metafizikala, la principo di vivo e di penso. — DEFIS
  • anobi-o (ent.) death-tick, -watch (Anobium); ligno- -o: wood-fretter. — FL
  • anod-o (elec.) anode: positive terminal. — DEFIRS
  • anomal-a abnormal, anomalous: irregular; -eso, -ajo: anomaly, abnormality. — DEFIRS
  • anonim-a anonymous; -eso: anonymity; -(ul)o: a. person. — DEFIRS
  • anorak-o anorak. Def.: Vesto kurta kun kapuco portata en diversa landi, ed inter altri da skieri. — DEFS
  • ans-o handle: the arc shaped handle of a cup, bucket, etc. — L
  • antagonism-o antagonism. — DEFIRS
  • antagonist-o antagonist; (cf. adverso). — DEFIRS
  • antarktik-a antarctic. — DEFIRS
  • ante (prep.) before (of time); -a: preceding, former, previous, last, prior; -e: previously, before, heretofore; -eso: anteriority, priority; -ke: before (that); lu arivis ante me: he arrived before me; ante du kloki: before two o’clock; ante ne-longe: not long ago; ante nun: before now; -diluvia: antediluvian; -hiere: the day before yesterday; -lasta: (the one) before last; -mariaja: antenuptial; -mortar: to predecease: die first; -pre-lasta: antepenultimate. Ant.: pos. — DEFIRS
  • antecedent-o (gram., log., math.) antecedent. Ex.: La antecedenti di individuo, t.e. lua antea historio e konduto. — DEFIS
  • anten-o (zool., elec.) antenna, feeler. — DEFIS
  • anter-o (bot.) anther. — DEFIS
  • anterior-a anterior. Def.: Antea, avana, do pri tempo e spaco. — EFIS
  • anti- contra-, against, counter, opposing. Used only in a few scientific terms: anti-bakterio, bactericide; anti-vermo, vermifuge. Ordinarily the preposition kontre is used instead of an in the same sense as anti-: kontre-juda, anti-Semitic; kontre-skorbuta, anti-scorbutic. The use of anti- therefore should be confined strictly to cases where the prefix has been definitely approved by the scientific and technical committees. — DEFIRS
  • antibiotik-o antibiotic; -a antibiotic. Def.: Substanco medikala uzata por inhibar la kresko di, o destruktar, mikro-organismi qui esas la kauzo di morbi infektiva. — DEFS
  • anticiklon-o anticyclone. — EFS
  • anticip-ar (tr.) to anticipate; -o, -eso: anticipation; -e: in anticipation; -ala pago: advance payment. — DEFIS
  • antidot-o (also fig.) antidote. Def.: Substanco qua neutrigas l’efekti di la veneni. — DEFIRS
  • antifon-o antiphon: anthem; -aro: antiphonary. — DEFIRS
  • antifraz-o antiphrasis. Def.: Figuro di retoriko, qua konsistas en uzar ula vorto o frazo en senco kontrea a lua vera signifiko. — DEFIRS
  • antigen-o antigen. — DEFIRS
  • antikorp-o antibody.
  • antikrist-o antichrist. — DEFIRS
  • Antil-i the Antilles.
  • antilogi-o (log.) antilogy; contradiction in ideas. — DEFIS
  • antilop-o antelope. — DEFIRS
  • antimateri-o antimatter. — DEFIRS
  • antimilitar-ismo antimilitarism; -isto: antimilitarist. — DEFIS
  • antimoni-o (min., chem.) antimony. — DEFIRS
  • antinomi-o (jur., philos.) antinomy. — DEFIRS
  • antipartikul-o antiparticle. — DEFIS
  • antipati-ar (tr:) to have an antipathy, aversion to (or against); -o: antipathy; instinctive aversion, natural repugnance; -inda: (what is) antipathetical, repugnant; -oza: (who feels antipathetical, full of aversion. Ant: simpatiar. — DEFIRS
  • anti-patriot-a antipatriotic. — EF
  • antipirin-o (chem., med.) antipyrin. — DEFIRS
  • antipod-o, -i antipode(s). — DEFIRS
  • antiqu-a antique, ancient: of a former epoch; -ajo: an antique; -eso: antiquity; -aj-isto: antiquary. Ex.: Antiqua moblo, kustumo; muzeo di antiquaji. V. ex.: vid. anciena. Ant.: moderna, nun-tempa, prezenta, nuna — DEFIRS
  • antiquar-a antiquarian. — DEFS
  • anti-semid-a anti-Semitic; -(ul)o: anti-Semite; -ismo: anti-Semitism. — DEF
  • antisepsi-ar (tr.) to antisepticize; -esar: to be antiseptic; -eso: antiseptic state; -iva, -ivo: antiseptic. Def.: Kombatar kontre la mikrobi per antisepsiivo. — DEFIRS
  • antisept-a antisepctic. — EFS
  • antitez-o (log., rhet.) antithesis; -a, -ala, -atra: antithetic(al). — DEFIRS
  • antitoxin-o antitoxin. — DEF
  • anti-verm-o vermifuge.
  • antologi-o anthology. — DEFIRS
  • antonim-o antonym; -eso: antonimity. Ant.: sinonimo. — DEFIRS
  • antonomazi-o (rhet.) antonomasia. Def: Remplasigo di propra nomo per komuna nomo equivaianta, o reciproke. Ex.: L’anjelo di la skolo (vice Santa Thomas). — DEFIRS
  • antracit-o anthracite, hard-coal. — DEFIRS
  • antrax-o (med.) anthrax: carbuncle. — DEFIS
  • antropoid-a, -o: anthropoid. — DEFIRS
  • antropologi-o anthropology. — DEFIRS
  • antropomorf-a anthropomorphic; -ismo: antropomorphism. — DEFIRS
  • antropomori-o anthropometry. — DEFIRS
  • anul-ar to annul. Def.: Deklarar kom nevalida. — DEFIS
  • anunc-ar (tr.) to announce; -o, -ajo: (act; what is announced) announcement; -anto, -ilo: announcer; klame -ar vari; to cry wares (for sale); korne -ar: to wind the horn; -o-festo; (rel.) Annunciation (March 25th). — DEFIS
  • anus-o (anat.) anus; -ala floso: anal fin. — DEFIS
  • anxi-ar (intr.) to be anxious, -o: anxiety; -oza: anxious. — DEFIS
  • aorist-o (gram.) aorist. — DEFIRS
  • aort-o (anat.) aorta. — DEFIRS
  • aortit-o (med) aortitis. — DEFIRS
  • apanaj-o appanage: royal grant of domain or allowance; -izar: to endow with an a. — DEFIRS
  • apar-ar (intr.) to appear (to or before: -o, -ajo: appearance (act); ad, avan ulu); to become visible, be in sight, come to light; -igar: to cause to a. to; apparition (thing visible); to put in an appearance, -anta: apparent, plain, obvious, ostensible, specious; -ar por la formo: show oneself; fantom- -o: apparition (ghost) Ant: Des-aparar. — DEFIS
  • aparat-o (tech., surg.) apparatus; machine, instrument or appliance used to perform a certain operation. — DEFIRS
  • apart-a apart: separately, aside, alone; -a paroli: words spoken aside. Def.: Signifikas quaze separita, izolita, sola. Ex.: Aparta parolo (en teatro od en vivo); aparta lernado (lernar aparte, t.e. sole e sen docanto); prenar ulu aparte (por parolar a lu specale, exter e for la ceteri). Lu dormas en aparta chambro (ne en la komuna dormeyo). Lu manjas an aparta tablo (ne an la komuna tablo). — DEFIS
  • apartament-o apartments: suite of rooms; flat. — DEFIRS
  • aparten-ar (intr.) to appertain, pertain; belong to by right, nature or custom; -ajo: appurtenance. Ex.: Algeria apartenas a Francia. Il apartenas a bona familio. Domo e lua apartenaji. — EFIS
  • apati-o apathy: want of feeling, indifference: (cf. indiferent-eso); -oza: apathetic, impassive. Ant.: anim-oz-eso, viv-em-eso. — DEFIRS
  • apel-ar (intr.) to appeal (in law); (fig.) to call for aid or sympathy (ad ulu, pri ulo); facar apelo: to lodge an a.; asignar -o: To give notice of a. (pri). Ex.: Me apelas a vu por regulo di ca questiono; apelar pri un judicio o tribunalo ad altra. — DEFIRS
  • apen(e) (adv.) hardly, scarcely, barely. Ex.: Il apene arivis. Il apene eskapis la morto. Def.: Depos tre kurta tempo; preske ne. — FIS
  • apendic-o (lit., anat., zool., bot.) appendix; -o verm-atra, -o-forma: vermiform a. Def.: Parto qua servas kom prolonguro di parto precipua. — DEFIS
  • apendicit-o (med.) appendicitis. — DEFIS
  • Apenin-i the Appenines.
  • aperitiv-o aperitif. — DEFIRS
  • apert-ar (tr.) to open, unclose (also fig. with heart, soul, etc.); -(ad)o: (act) opening; -uro: aperture, hole, gap; -e openly, plainly, frankly; (cf. kandida); -iva, -ivo: aperient, laxative; mi- -ar: to half open (a door, etc.). An.: klozar. — DEFIS
  • apetit-ar (tr., pr. and fig.) to have an appetite for; crave or desire (instinctively); -o: appetite, longing; -ig-iva, -ivo: appetizing, appetizer; -igar: to give or cause an a. for; -ig-anta: appetizing, relishing. Ex.: La stomako apetitas la nutrivi. Apetito sensual, karnal, perversa. Il havas nesaturebla apetito por richaji. Ant.: saturar. — DEFIRS
  • api-o (bot.) smallage, wild celery (Apium). — DEFIRS
  • api-pomo «api»: a small red apple (Malum Appianum).
  • aplanat-a (opt.) aplanatic. — DEF
  • aplast-ar (tr.) to crush, squeeze, squash (soft objects); (fig.) to overwhelm, overburden, oppress; rul- -ilo: (a steam or other) roller (as on streets). Ex.: Aplastar insekto per la pedo, vit-beri per presilo. Aplastita per laborego. Aplastar adverso en diskuto. V. exp.: On povas presegar stala bulo sen aplastar ol, kontre ke on aplastas argilo sen presegar. — FIS
  • aplaud-ar (tr.) to applaud, clap; (fig.) to express approbation, -(ad)o: applauding; -i: plaudits; -anto, -ero: applauder; -ist-aro: claque (paid clappers at theater). — DEFIRS
  • aplik-ar (tr.) to apply, lay on, impose; -ar su: (fig.) to apply oneself (the mind, attention); -o: application: applying; -ajo: thing applied; -ebla: applicable, apposite, suitable. Def.: Pozar ulo sur ulo. — DEFIRS
  • aplomb-o (fig.) assurance, self-confidence, self-possession (cf. audaco); (inst.) plummet, plumb-line; -a: upright, plumb, self-assured, confident; stacar aplombe: to stand upright, plumb. Def.: Signifikas propre: vertikala pozeso, vertikaleso, e nur metafore: fido en su ipsa, audaco (t.e. sentimento, ke on stacas vertikale, solide sur sua pedi). — DEFIRS
  • apodiktik-a (log.) apodictical. — DEFIS
  • apofiz-o (anat.) apophysis. — DEFIS
  • apog-ar (tr.) to prop (up), stay, support; to lean, to rest; to base, found, ground (assertions, reasons, etc.) -o: propping, supporting: -ilo, -trabo: prop, stay, support, pillar, strut, stanchion, brace; -arko: (arch.) flying buttress; (fig.) mainstay; shultr- -ar: to press to the shoulder (firearms, etc.); -punto: point of support, fulcrum; dors- -ilo: a support for the back; kap- -ilo: head-support; apogar skalo an la muro: to prop (or set) a ladder against a wall; apogar edifico per apog-arki: to support a building by buttresses; me apogis me an la muro: I leaned against the wall: apogar sua manui sur tablo: to lean one’s hands on a table; sur quo vu apogas vua aserti: on what do you base your assertions? Def.: Suportar (o, igar suportar) per lateral od obliqua forco. Suportar, sustenar per la moyeno di apogilo. — FIS
  • apoge-o (astr.) apogee. Ant.: perigeo. — DEFIRS
  • apokalips-o apocalypse. — DEFIRS
  • apokrif-a apocryphal. — DEFIRS
  • «Apollon» (myth.) Apollo. — DEFIRS
  • apolog-o apologue: moral fable. — DEFIRS
  • apologi-ar (tr.) to vindicate (in writing or speech); -o: apology: written or spoken discourse to justify a person, a thing; -ala, -atra: apologetical, exculpatory; -arto: apologetics; -isto: apologist. Ant.: blamar, denigrar, difamar. Note: For the translation of apologize in the sense of ‘to beg pardon’ cf. exkuzar. — DEFIRS
  • aponevros-o (anat.) aponeurosis. — DEF
  • apoplexi-o (med.) apoplexy; -ala, -ema, -atra: apopleptic; aceso di -o: apopleptic attack; cerebrala -o: cerebral a. — DEFIRS
  • apostat-a, -o apostate; -eso, -esko: apostacy; -eskar: to become an a., to apostatize. — DEFIRS
  • aposteriori-e, -ala a posteriori.
  • apostil-o apostil: marginal note, annotation; recommendatory note (to back a petition); -izar: to add an a.; (cf. pos-skrib-ajo). — EFIS
  • apostol-o apostle; -ala: appostolic; -eso: apostleship. — DEFIR
  • apostrof-o (gram.) apostrophe; -izar: to mark with an a. — DEFIRS
  • apotek-o (Eng.) chemist’s shop; (U.S.) drug-store, pharmacy; -isto: chemist, apothecary, druggist. — DEFIRS
  • apotem-o (geom.) apothegm. — DEFIRS
  • apoteos-o apotheosis, deification. — DEFIRS
  • apozicion-o (gram.) apposition; -ala: appositive (word). — DEFIRS
  • apr-o wild-boar; -o-kush-eyo: lair of w. b. — DRL
  • apreci-ar to appreciate. Def.: Vidar ed intelektar la valoro ed importo di ulo, judikar segun la merito. — EFIS
  • aprentis-o apprentice (pri); -eso: apprenticeship; -esar: to be an a., obligar ulu kom -o: to bind as an a.; pikto- -o: painter’s pupil. — DEFIS
  • apret-ar (tr., tech.) to dress: put a finish on calicoes, leather, etc. by applying a glaze dressing or varnish. — DFIR
  • april-o April. — DEFIRS
  • apriori-e, ala a priori, presumptive. — DEFIRS
  • aprob-ar (tr.) to approve, give approbation to. Ant.: des-, ne-aprobar. — DEFIRS
  • aproch-o, -i (milit., fortif.) approaches: the works, trenches, etc. made by besiegers. — DEFIRS
  • aproxim-ar to approximate. Def.: Establisar, determinar, ne rigoroze ed exacte segun cienco, ma nur proxime, cirkume: kalkulo, valoro, formulo, solvo aproximesas. — EIS
  • apsid-o (arch.) apse; (astron.) apsis; -ala: apsidal. — DEFIRS
  • apt-a apt, fit, appropriate, good for, suitable (ad); -eso: aptitude, aptness, qualification; -igar: to make fit or suitable; -a a milito: fit for war (service); -a por nulo: fit for nothing. Ant.: Des-, ne-apta, -justa, -kapabla, -konven-anta. — EFIS
  • apud (prep.) close by, next to, beside, -a: near, neighboring, adjacent; -esar: to be near or close; -aleo: side-lane; -pozar: (tr.) to juxtapose; apudaji ed abutaji: (fig.) the ins and outs (of an affair). Ex.: Apud la domo esas puteo. Apud la generalo stacis lua adjutanto. — IL
  • Apuli-a Apulia.
  • apunt-ar (tr.) to point (a fire-arm); take aim at; level at; -ilo: sight. — DEFIS
  • apus-o swift (bird).
  • aqu-o water, -ala: aquatic; -oza, atra: aqueous, watery; -oz-eso: aquosity; -izar: to water (streets, etc.); -es-pruva: w. proof; -o-fosato: w. trench, moat; -o-falo: w. fall; -o-kontilo: w. meter; -o-melono: w. melon; -o-pento: w. shed; -o-rezerv-uyo: reservoir; -o-turmo: w. tower; -o-vazo, -krucho: ewer; -o santa: holy-w.; reze di l’aquo: on a lavel with the w.; pluv- -o: rain w.; rejala -o: (chem.) aqua regia; sal-o: salt w., brine, pickle; sod- -o: soda-w; -o-boko: water nozzle, hydrant; -pikturo: washed drawing; -o-sprico: jet of w.; -o-spric-ilo: w. nozzle. -espruva mantelo: w. proof cloak, -espruv-eso: w. proofness. — DEFIRS
  • aquafort-o (chem.) aqua fortis: nitric acid; -ajo: a.f. etching. — DEFIRS
  • aquamarino-o (min.) aquamarine. Def.: Varietato de berilo. — DEFIRS
  • aquarel-a, -o (painting) water-color; -piktar: to paint in w.c. — DEFIRS
  • aquari-o aquarium. — DEFIRS
  • aquatint-o (engraving) aquatint. — DEFIRS
  • aquedukt-o aqueduct. — DEFIRS
  • aquilegi-o (bot.) columbine (genus: Aquilegia). — L
  • aquilon-o (poet., lit.) Aquilon: the north wind personified. — DEFIRS
  • aquir-ar (tr.) to get (through one’s own exertions), to become the possessor of (by purchase, by labor, etc.), to acquire, win; to contract (a habit, a sickness); to gain (affection favor), to incur (dislike, hatred); -o: (act) acquisition, attainment; -ajo: what is acquired. — DEFIS
  • Aquitan-a Aquitainian; -ia: Aquitaine
  • Aquitan-o inhabitant of A.
  • -ar- denotes: a collection, group, set (of objects or beings). It is to be generally understood as referring to «the most extensive collection»; hom-aro, means humanity, not a group of persons; However, this suffix is quite frequently found to be used vaguely for any group of persons or collection of objects.
  • ar-o (metric sys.) area: 119.6 sq. yds. — DEFIRS
  • Arab-a Arab-ic, -ian; -o: an Arab; -ia: Arabia; -a linguo: A. language.
  • arabesk-o arabesque. — DEFIRS
  • arach-ar (tr.) to pull or drag out (a nail, etc.); to tear out (the hair, the eyes); to grub up (roots); to tear away (a child from its mother); to snatch, wrest, extort, wring (ulo de ulu); Ex.: arachar afisho, konfeso, krii, lakrimi. Arachar ulu de la morto. — FS
  • Aragon-o Aragon.
  • arak-o (spirits) arrack, — DEFIRS
  • araknoid-o (anat.) arachnoid. — DEF
  • Arame-a (lando) Aram; -ano: Aramean.
  • arane-o spider; -atra: s.-like, araneous; -reto, -telo: spider-, cob-web; -pedo: s. leg. — EFIS
  • aranj-ar (tr.) to arrange: make orderly disposition of, dispose of in a proper manner; (cf. ordinar) -o, -eso, -uro: (act, state, result) arranging, disposition; Ex.: Aranjar libri sur tablo. Aranjar afero, mariajo, kofro, lito Aranjar por facar ulo. — DEFI
  • arbalest-o arbalist; cross-bow; -iero: cross-bowman. — DEFIRS
  • arbitr-ar (tr.) to arbitrate: award as an arbitrator, decide, judge, settle (ulo); -o: arbitration; -anto, -ero, -isto: arbitrator; umpire; referee; -ala: arbitral. — DEFIRS
  • arbitraj-ar (tr., com.) to carry on arbitrage: to buy and sell on the market. — DEFIRS
  • arbitri-o free-will; -ala: arbitrary, discretionary; -ajo: arbitrary act, caprice: -e: ad libitum, at will; segun la arbitrio: at the discretion or will (di ulu). — DEFIS
  • arbor-o tree; -ala: arboreal; -atra: arborescent; -oza: woody; -aro: clump of t.s.; -izar: to afforest, plant with t.s.; -kultiv-(ad)o: arboriculture; -gluo: bird-lime; -o genealogi-ala: genealogical t.; -stumpo: t. stump; -trunko: t. trunk; -speco: specie of t.; -rano: t.-frog (Hyla aborea); -eduk-eyo: (hort.) nursery; sen- -igar, des- -izar: to clear of t.s.; dorn- -o: thorn-t. eben- -o: ebony-t.; Kristo-naskala- -o: Christmas t.; ax- -o: (tech.) axle-t., -shaft; movo-, trans-mis- -o: main-, transmission shaft. — EFIS
  • arbust-o shrub, bush (not over three feet in height); sub- -o: underbrush; -aro: thicket. — FIS
  • arbut-o arbute berry; -iero: (European) arbutus (genus: Arbutus). — EFIL
  • arch-o (Noah’s) ark; -o di kontrato: ark of the covenant (Bibl.). — DEFIS
  • Arden-i the Ardennes.
  • ardez-a, -o slate; -ea, -atra, -oza: slaty; -a krayono: s. pencil; -a tabelo: slate (for writing); -kolor-izar: to cover, with s. color: -kovrar: to cover, roof with s.: -min-eyo: s. quarry. — FI
  • ardor-ar (intr.) to be aglow, glowing, hot, fiery (cf. brular, kombustar); (fig.) (of passion, zeal) to be ardent, fervent; (of animals) to be in heat, rut; -o: heat; ardor, eagerness; rut; -anta, -oza: fiery, burning, full of ardor, passionate; -igar: to make burn, set on fire, make ardent. — DEFIS
  • ardu-a arduous: (of mountains, etc.) steep, rugged: hard to climb (cf. eskarpa); (of tasks, etc.) difficult to perform. — EFIS
  • are-o area; extent of surface: (geom.) superfices. — DEFIS
  • arek-o areca-, betel-nut (cf. betel-ajo); -iero: areca-palm (Areca). — DEFIRS
  • aren-o arena, ring. V. Exp.: Areno esas spaco rondatra od elipsoiorma e klozita, por la ludi e kombati cirklala. Lico esas longa kureyo, generale duopia (por iro e riveno) por kuri o por turniri. — DEFIRS
  • areol-o (anal., med.) areola. — DEFIS
  • areometr-o areometer. — DEFIRS
  • areometri-o (phys.) areometry. — DEFIRS
  • areopag-o (also fig.) Areopagus; -ano: Areopagite. — DEFIRS
  • arest-ar (tr., legal) to arrest: make a prisoner of, put under a.; -esar: to be a.ed; -o, -eso: a.; custody; -anto, -ero: person a.ing; -ato, -ito: person a ed; -impero: order for a. — DEFIRS
  • argal-o (orni.) marabou-stork (Leptoptilus Argala). — F
  • argan-o (lifting-) gin, sheer-leg (ci. krano). — US
  • argil-o argil; clay, potter’s earth; -a, -oza, -atra: argillaceous, clayish; -izar: to marl (land). — DEFIS
  • Argolid-o Argolis.
  • argon-o (chem.) argon — DEF
  • argonaut-o (myth.) Argonaut. — DEFIRS
  • argument-ar (intr.) to argue: hold an argument. Def.: Rezonar por pruvar ulo. — DEFIRS
  • «argus» (myth.) Argus; (fig.) spy. — DEFIRS
  • -ari- -ee; indicating: the object of an action, the recipient of an action or one upon whom a right, especially legal, is conferred: pag-ario, payee; grant-ario, grantee; don-ario, donee.
  • ari-o (mus.) tune, air. — DEFIRS
  • arid-a arid: dry and barren; (cf. sterila); -eso: aridity, Ant: humida, fruktoza,fertila. — DEFIRS
  • ariet-o (instr. of war and tech.) battering-ram; Aries, sign of the Zodiac; hidraulikala -o: hydraulic ram. — IS
  • aril-o aril. — EFIS
  • arist-o (geom.) edge, projecting angle; (arch. and carp.) arris; (bot.) awn, beard (of barley, wheat, etc.); ridge (of nose, of mountain, of a bayonet, etc.); -o-trabo: ridge-piece, hip-rafter; (angular) fish-bone — EFIS
  • aristokrat-a, -ata aristocratic; -(ul)o: aristocrat; -aro: (collect) aristocracy ; -eso;aristocracy, nobility (quality); -ismo: aristocracy (political system); -igar: to make a.; -eskar: to become a. — DEFIRS
  • aristoloki-o (bot.) aristolochia, birth-wort. — DEFIRS
  • Aristotel-ana, -ala Aristotelian. — DEFIRS
  • aritmetik-o arithmetic; -ala probiemo,operaco: arithmetical problem, operation; -ero, -isto: arithmetician. — DEFIRS
  • aritmograf-o arithmometer: calculating machine. — DEFIRS
  • aritmologi-o theory of numbers. — DFIRS
  • aritmomanci-o arithmomancy: divination by numbers. — DEFIRS
  • aritmonietr-o arithmometer: calculating machine. — DEFIRS
  • ariv-ar (intr.) to arrive (at destination, at a certain place). V. exp.; Se ulu venas de Berlin ad Paris, lu advenas dum la tota voyajo; ma lu arivas nur ye la fino (lasta momento) di la voyajo; e lu povas advenar sen arivar (se lu esus haltigata da acidento). Ant.: departar. — EFIS
  • arjent-a, -o ilver; -izar: to silver over, plate; -oza, -atra, -ea: argentiferous, silvery; -aji, -ajaro,-a vazaro: silver-ware; -a moneto, peco: silver coin; lingot-a -o bar silver; -o-nitrato silver nitrate, lunar caustic. — EFIS
  • arjentan-o (alloy) argentan. — DEFIS
  • Arjentini-a (the) Argentine.
  • ark-o (geom., arch., elec.) arch (as of bridge), arc; -iz-uro: archway, vault; -igar: to arch: bend, curve, in form of a.; apog- -o: arch-boutant: flying buttress; arm- -o: bow; ciel-, pluv- -o: rainbow; (arm-)ark-ero, -isto, iero: archer, bow-man; elektrala -o: electrical a.; klozar -o: (geom.) subtend; micirkla -o: semi-circular a.; sel- -o:saddle-bow; triumf- -o: triumphal a. vult- -o: covering of an a.; -o-petro: a.-stone; -apogar: to buttress; -lampo: arc-lamp, -light. — DEFIRS
  • arkabuz-o arquebuse. — DEFIRS
  • arkad-o (arch.) arcade. — DEFIRS
  • Arkadi-a Arcadia; -ano: Arcadian.
  • arkaik-a, -ema archaic: old, antiquated; -ajo: a. object. — DEFIRS
  • arkaism-o archaism: antiquated form of speech; -ema: archaic (tendency in speech). — DEFIRS
  • arkan-a arcane: hidden, secret; -o: arcanum: great secret of nature. V. exp.: Sekreta, arkana, okulta: Sekreta esas la maxim generala vorto. Arkano esas sekreto ciencala (o, pseudo-ciencala), quan on revelas o docas nur ad iniciati (ex.: l’arkani di l’alkemio). Ol esas analoga a misterio, ma misterio apartenas a religio, ed arkano a cienco o tekniko. Okulta dicesas omno quo koncernas la mondo di la spiriti e nia (asertita) relati kun li (ex. magio, astrologio, spiritismo, e.c.). La «okulta cienci» ne esas simple sekreta cienci ma la cienci qui pretendas revelar a ni l’altra mondo o komunikigar ni kun olu. — DEFIRS
  • arkeolog-o archeologist. — DEFIRS
  • arkeologi-o archeology; -ala: archeological. — DEFIRS
  • arki- arch-, of eminent degree, chief. Used especially in titles: arki-duk(ul)o, archduke; arki-episkopo, archbishop.
  • arki-anjel-o archangel.
  • arki-chambelan-o archchamberlain.
  • arki-diakon-o archdeacon.
  • arki-duk-o archduke; -ala: archducal; -ino: archduchess; -io: archduchy (estate); -eyo: a. palace; -eso: archduchy (dignity, office).
  • arki-episkop-o archbishop.
  • arki-kancelero arch-, high-chancellor.
  • arkimandrito-o (Greek Ch.) archimandrite. — DEFIRS
  • arkipelag-o archipelago. — DEFIRS
  • arki-sacerdot-o archpriest.
  • arkitekt-o architect. — DEFIRS
  • arkitektur-o architecture; -ala: architectural. — DEFIRS
  • arkitrav-o (arch.) architrave. — DEFIRS
  • arkiv-o, -i archive(s): record(s), state-paper(s); -isto: archivist: keeper of the records. — DEFIRS
  • arkivult-o (arch.) archivolt. — DEFIRS
  • arkont-o (hist.) archon. — DEFIRS
  • arktik-a, -o arctic; -a ganso: wild goose (Anser hyperboreus). — DEFIRS
  • arlekin-o harlequin, merry-andrew; -ajo: a piece of buffoonery; -vesto: h.-dress; (fig.) patch-work, medley. — DEFIRS
  • arm-o arm: weapon; -aro: weapons (collect.); -eyo: armory (depot); -ifar: to manufacture a.s; -if-isto: gun-smith; -izar: to a.; arm-arko: long-bow; paf- -o: fire-arm; -frato: brother-in-arms; (hom)- -aro: armor (for persons; cf. kuraso); gamb- -o: leg-armor; abasez la -i: down, ground arms! depozar -i: to lay down arms; -izita de kapo a pedi: Armed from head to feet; trupo -izita: armed force; -o-hakilo: battle-axe; portez -i: shoulder arms! — DEFIS
  • armadil-o (zool.) armadillo (Dasypus). — DEFIS
  • armator-o shipowner. Def.: Posedanto ed equipanto di navo. — FIRS
  • armatur-o (elec.) armature; (tech.) iron braces, stays (to strengthen masonry, etc.); kabl- -o: wire covering about a cable; -izita cemento: reinforced cement. — DEFIRS
  • arme-o army; -o de triadek mil viri: a. of 30,000 men; -chefo, -estro: head of the a., general; -korpo: a. corps; (fig.) cielal- - o: celestial a.; reserv- -o: a. in reserve. — DEFIRS
  • Armeni-a Armenia; -ano: Armenian.
  • armistic-o armistice, truce. — DEFIS
  • armor-o cupboard; -eto: cabinet; fer- -o: iron chest, strong-box; glaci- -o: ice-box; linj- -o: linen press; mur- -o: c. in a wall; nutriv-, para-mush- -o: pantry; screened c.; vest- -o: wardrobe; plad- -o: dish-closet. — FIS
  • armoraci-o horse-radish (Cochlearia Armoracia). — FISL
  • arnik-o (bot. and med.) arnica (Arnica montana). — DEFIRS
  • arob-o at sign. Def.: Signo @, uzata i.a. en adresi elektronikala — FS
  • arog-ar (tr.) to arrogate (ulo a su): to make undue claims; -ema, -anta: arrogant, overbearing, supercilious, haughty. Ex.: Il arogas a su autoritato sen havar la yuro. — DEFIS
  • arom-o aroma: spicy flavor or smell. — DEFIRS
  • aromat-o aromatic: fragrant vegetable substance. — DEFIRS
  • arorut-o arrowroot: starchy flour of Maranta arundinatea and other plants. — DEFR
  • aroz-ar (tr.) to moisten, wet, water (with any liquid); -ilo: watering-pot; -venturo: sprinkling cart; V. exp.: aquizar, aspersar, irgacar: On povas arozar materiale o figurale, per mult altra liquidi kam aquo. La biblo dicas, ke Noa «arozis» la vito sucedante per sango di pavono, per sango di simio, per sango di leono e per sango di porko. Do on ne povas uzar «aquizar». On aspersas planti ed arbori por preventar ula morbo. Asperso relatas saneso. Irigaco esas brancho di agrokultivado. Ol aquizas tota farmi, distrikti per fluigar aquo de riveri, lagi, e.c., en artificala kanali a la kultivo-loki. — F
  • arpej-ar (intr.) to play arpeggios; -o: arpeggio. — DEFIRS
  • arsen-o (chem.) arsenic. — DEFIRS
  • arsenal-o arsenal. — DEFIRS
  • art-o art: practical skill guided by rules; occupation requiring such skill; -isto: artist (in fine arts), adept (at anything); -ala: artistic: (relating to arts); -ist-ala: relating to the artist; -al-eso: artistic quality or character (of a thing); -e, -oze: artfully, skillfully, cunningly; -ema: artistic (person); -ist-ino: female artist; -i bela: (the) fine arts; -o-verko: work of art; -i societ-ala: social accomplishments; -i liberal, mekanikal: the liberal, mechanical arts or professions; poezi- -o: the poetic art; akush- -o: abstetrics (as a profession); -i utila: useful arts; skrib-arto: the art of writing. Def.: Aplik(ad)o di konoci por realigar koncepto. — DEFIRS
  • artemizi-o (bot.) mugwort (genus: Artemisia); -absinta: common worm-wood. — FL
  • arteri-o (anat.) artery; -ala: arterial. — DEFIRS
  • arteriit-o arteritis: inflammation of the arteries; (cf. flebito). — DEF
  • arteriologi-o arteriology. — DEFIRS
  • arteriotomi-o (surg.) arteriotomy. — DEFIRS
  • artez-a Artesian; -a puteo: A.-well. — DEFIRS
  • artichok-o (bot.) artichoke (Cynara Scolymus). — DEFR
  • artific-o artifice: artful or ingenious expedient; -ala: artificial; (cf. falsa): -acho: (in a bad sense) cunning, craft, wile, trick; -(ach)oza: artful, crafty, factitious; sen- -a: frank. Ex.: Artificala dentaro, gambo, rido. La artifico qua movigas automato. — DEFIS
  • artik-o (anat., bot.) articulation: joint; -ala: articular; -izar: to articulate: supply with a.s; -oza, -iz-ita: articulated, jointed; bul- -o: arthrodia; -o inter la kruro e la hancho: the a. of the thigh with the hip: the hip-joint; des- -izar: to unjoint. — DEFIS
  • artikl-o (newspaper, gram.) article; (cf. varo, komerc-ajo); -o redaktistal: editorial; kred- -o: a. of faith; defin-ita -o: definite a. — DEFIRS
  • artikul-ar (tr.) to articulate: pronounce, utter words; ne- -ita: inarticulate. — DEFIRS
  • artileri-o artillery: body of troops; (cf. kanon-aro); -ano: a. man, gunner; ped- -o: foot a. — DEFIRS
  • artizan-o artisan, mechanic. Def.: Industrial o mi-industriala laboristo, maxim multakaze habila pri sua mestiero; l'artizano praktikas sua profesiono sive sen helpero sive helpata da kelka kompani, sen esar guvernata da patrono. — EFIS
  • artr-o (anat.) part or segment of a limb or body; movable articulation. Ex.: La korpi di kelka insekti havas multa artri. — FS
  • artrit-o (med.) arthritis; -ika, -iko: (person) suffering with a. — DEFIRS
  • artrodi-o (anat.) arthrodia. — DEF
  • artropod-o (zool.) arthropod, articulata. — DEFIS
  • aruf-ar (tr.) to ruffle up, turn back (feathers, hair); karezar kato arufe: to stroke a cat the wrong way. — I
  • arum-o (bot.) arum: cuckoo-pint, wake-robin (genus: Arum). — DEFIRS
  • aruspic-o (Rom. antiq.) (h)aruspex. — DEFIRS
  • Arveni-a Auvergne.
  • Aryan-a, -o Aryan (race, language). — DEFIRS
  • as-o ace (cards, dice); kordi- -o: ace of hearts. — DEFIS
  • asafetid-o asafetida: gum resin of Ferula Asafoetida. — DEFIS
  • asalt-ar (tr.) to assault, storm (a fortified place); to assault, charge (the enemy); -anto, -ero: assailant aggressor; ek- -ar to make a sally, sortie; ri- -ar: to charge again; -ar quik l’obstaklo: (fig.) to take the bull by the horns; sonigar por -o: to sound the charge; -o-skalo: scaling-ladder; ne- -ebla: unassailable, impregnable; -e kaptar, konquestar: to carry by assault, (cf. atakar, asomar, atentar). — EFIRS
  • asasin-ar (tr.) to assassinate. Def.: Mortigar kun preintenco ed embuske o surprize. — DEFIS
  • asbest-o (min.) asbestos. — DEFIRS
  • asekur-ar (tr., finan.) to insure, underwrite (against loss); -ar su: to insure oneself; -ito: insured person; -isto: insurer, underwriter; -ar pluse, pose: to take out additional i.; -o-akto, -kontrato: i. policy; -o-kontoro: i. office; -o-taxo: premium (paid by insured to insurer). — DEFIS
  • asel-o (ent.) woodlouse (Oniscus Asellus). — DIL
  • asembl-ar (tr., gen.) to assemble: collect, bring together (people, materials, etc.); -o, -uro, -ajo: assembl-y, -age; -o publika, politikala: public, political meeting. V. exp.: vid. muntar. — EFI
  • asent-ar (tr.) to give assent to: agree to, aquiesce in. Ex.: Me asentas vua judiko (t.e. me opinionas same, me judikas to kom vera. V. exp.: Asento koncernas opinioni pure teoriala; konsentar relatas prefere opinioni praktikala, t.e. propozi e rezolvi. — DEFIS
  • asept-a aseptic; -eso: asepticism (state); -igar: to asepticize; -ig-(ad)o: asepsis (act). Def.: Qua ne havas mikrobi. — DEFIRS
  • asert-ar (tr.) to assert, allege, set forth, protest (declare); -ita: pretended, asserted, so-called; -ar la falseso di: to deny in toto; -ar per sua honoro: to a. upon his honor, give his word of honor; -o pri fideleso: protestation of fidelity; -ita inventuro: so-called invention; esar -ita absenta: to be reputed (regarded, considered) as absent. — EFIRS
  • asesor-o assessor: an assistant judge. — DEFIRS
  • asfalt-o asphalt(um); -isar: to asphalt; -a, -izita choseo: asphalted road. — DEFIRS
  • asfixi-ar (tr.) to asphyxiate; -esar (da): to be a.ed (by); -o, -eso: asphyxiation (act, state); -ita: a.ed. V. exp.: Sufokar esas la vulgara, asfixiar la ciencala vorto. Asfixiar esas la halto dil arterio-pulsado. Ol esas stando sucedanta al neperfekta oxigenizo dil sango, finanta per la morto, kande lu tro duras. Sufoko esas speco de asfixio, per obstaklo al adveno dil areo til pulmoni, obstruktado di naztrui, di boko, kompreso di kolo, e.c. — DEFIRS
  • asfodel-o (bot.) asphodel (genus: Asphodelus). — DEFIRS
  • asidu-a assiduous: constant, regular (in attendance or work). V. exp.: Diligenta relatas la fervoro od agemeso, ed asidua la akurata e reguloza prezenteso, la kontinueso di laboro. Ant.: ne-akurata, neglij-anta. — EFIS
  • asign-ar (tr.) to assign, to appropriate, allot, set apart (a sum), to fix, appoint (a day, place, rank), (fig., legal) to summons, cite, subpoena; (cf.atribuar, cedar); -o-letro: (jur.) subpoena, writ, summons. Ex.: La ministraro asignas sumo por pagar salarii. Asignar dio por pagar debajo, la limiti (di ulo), a singlu lua rango, lua tasko. — DEFIS
  • asimil-ar (tr.) to assimilate (physiol. and fig.). Ex.: La animali povas asimilar nur animala o vejetala substanci. Usa asimilas multa populi. — DEFIRS
  • asimptot-o (geom.) asymptote. — DEFIRS
  • Asiri-a Assyria; -ano: Assyrian.
  • asist-ar (tr.) to be present at, attend; -o: attendance, presence; -anto, -ero: person present, onlooker, bystander (not helper; cf. help-anto); -ant-aro: audience, congregation; Ex.: On asistas spektaklo, acidento, disputo. Il ne nur asistis, ma parto-prenis ta diskuto. La diskurso esis asistata da multa personi, qui ofte aplaudis ol. — DFIRS
  • askarid-o (zool.) ascarid (Askaridae; genus: Ascaris). — DEFIRS
  • asket-o, -ala ascetic; -eso, -ismo: (state, doctrine) asceticism; -aji: a. acts, austerities. — DEFIRS
  • askolt-ar (tr.) to listen to, hearken to, give ear to; -anto, -ero: listener. V. exp.: Askoltar implikas sempre intenco e volo. Audar esas perceptar per l’orelo, vole o nevole. Ex.: Me askoltas vu ma me ne audas pro la bruiso. — I
  • asn-o donkey, ass; -ulo: jackass; -ino: she-ass; -al-ajo: asinity; stupidity, silly blunder; -acho: stupid ass; -et-yuno: ass’s colt; -oreli: ass’s ears; -o-karg-ajo: load of an ass; -o-dukt-isto: donkey driver; -o-bramo: bray of an ass; ped-frapo di -o: kick of an ass. — EFIS
  • asoci-ar (tr.) to make (a person) one’s associate, partner, colleague, companion, accomplice (in an ill sense); to make (ulu) participate or share in (ulo); -o, -uro: association, partnership; -ito: associate, fellow, companion; -it-aro: an association, society (persons) -ema: sociable; -em-eso: sociability; -ado di idei: a. of ideas. — DEFIRS
  • asom-ar (tr.) to fell, to knock down: to knock on the head; -isto, -ero: feller (of oxen); -ilo: loaded bludgeon. V. exp.: On povas asomar per mazo o sen instrumento (ex. per pugnobato). — F
  • asonanc-ar (intr). to be assonant (kun); -o: assonance; -anta, -oza: assonant. — DEFIS
  • asort-ar (tr.) to assort, match, suit, sort out, classify things alike, or somewhat alike, or suited to each other; -(ad)o, -ajo: assortment; -uro (di dimanti, di pladi, di kulieri, e.c.): a set of diamonds, plates, spoons); butil- -ajo: stock (of a shop). — DEFIR
  • asparag-o (bot.) asparagus; -o-pinto: the tip (or top) of a. shoots; -eyo: a. bed. — DEFIRS
  • asparagin-o (chem.) asparagine. — DEFIRS
  • aspartam-o aspartame. — DEFIRS
  • aspekt-ar (intr.) to look (like, as if: quale), to seem (to be), appear; -o: aspect, view, sight, look, phase; -ar felica: to look happy; -ar quale fola, folo: to look like, seem to be a fool; -o yun(es)ala: youthful look; la kozi chanjis sua -o: the aspect of things changed. — DEFIRS
  • asper-a (of touch) rough, uneven. V. exp.: Acerba koncernas la gusto, aspera la takto. Ant.: glata. — EFIS
  • aspers-ar (tr.) to sprinkle (to prevent disease); (rel.) to asperse; -ilo: sprinkler; (rel.) aspergillum. V. exp.: vid. arozar. — DEFIRS
  • asperul-o (bot., genus) asperula; -o odor-oza: woodruff. — EFISL
  • aspik-o (zool.) asp (Naja Haje). — EFIRS
  • aspir-ar (tr.) to inhale, draw in (air, smoke, etc.); to suck in or up (liquids); (gram.) to aspirate (a sound); to aspire: desire eagerly, long for, aim at; -(ad)o: inhaling, inbreathing, suction, aspiration: ardent wish; -ilo: (chem) aspirator; -ajo: (gram.) aspirate; -signo: (gram.) sign of aspiration; -ar la honori, ofici: aspire to honors, office; -ar la krono, rejeso: aspire to the crown, to kingship; (cf. ambiciar); -ar la venjo: to long for vengeance; -o di aero en la pulmoni: inhaling of air into the lungs; -o-tubo: suction pipe; pumpilo aspiras l’aquo: a pump sucks (draws) up the water; la feliceso quan me -as: the happiness which I long for. V. exp.: vid. sugar. Ant. expirar. — DEFIRS
  • aspirin-o aspirin. Def.: Acido acetil-salicila medicinale uzata kontre febro e dolori. — DEFIS
  • astatik-a (magnetism) astatic. — DEFIRS
  • astenop-a (bot.) asthenopic. — DE
  • aster-o (bot.) aster; Chiniana -o: China a. — DEFIRS
  • asteri-o (zool.) asterid, star-fish (genus: Asterias). — DEFIRS
  • asterisk-o asterisk. Def.: Steleto (*) por markizar vorti propozita, ne ja adoptita dal kompetent autoritato, anke por markizar historiala formo supozita. — EFIS
  • asterism-o (astron., opt. of crystals) asterism. Def.: Optikal fenomeno; reflekto radianta di la lumo sur ula lapidi. — DEFIRS
  • asteroid-o (astron.) asteroid. — DEFIRS
  • astigmat-a astigmatic: -eso: astigmatism. — DEF
  • astm-o (med.) asthma; -ika, iko: asthmatic (person). — DEFIRS
  • aston-ar (tr.) to astonish, surprise, amaze: -egar: to astound, aghast; (fig.) to stupify; (cf. stupor-igar); -esar: to be a.ed (da). — EF
  • astr-o star: any heavenly body; -ala: astral, sidereal; -aro: constellation; fixa -o: fixed s.; -o-fiziko: astrophysics. V. exp.: Stelo, astro: La astri esas omna cielala korpi, qui kontenas ne nur las steli (dicita fixa), ma la planeti, lia sateliti (exemple la luno), la nebulosi, la kometi, e.c. — DEFIRS
  • astragal-o (anat., arch.) astragal. — DEFIRS
  • astrakan-o astrakhan (pelt). — DEFIRS
  • astrikt-ar (tr.) to have an astringent effect on; -(ad)o, -eso: (med.) astriction; -iva, ivo: astringent. Def.: Astrikto esas densigo di ula organika texuri: ex. «aluno esas astriktiva». — DEFIS
  • astrolab-o (astron. instr.) astrolabe. — DEFIRS
  • astrolog-o astrologer. — DEFIRS
  • astrologi-o astrology. — DEFIRS
  • astronaut-o astronaut. — DEFIRS
  • astronautik-o astronautics. — DEFIRS
  • astronom-o astronomer. — DEFIRS
  • astronomi-o astronomy; -ala: astronomical. — DEFIRS
  • Asturi-a Astrias; -ano: Asturian.
  • asum-ar (tr.) to assume, take on oneself, undertake; (cf. entraprezar); -ajo: assumption: something taken for granted; -ar afero: take a hand in an affair; -ar debi: a. debts; -ar devo, la responso: to a. a duty, the responsibility; -ar la spensi: to undertake the expense; -ar la instrukto di la infanto: to undertake the instruction of the child (cf. supozar). — EFIS
  • asuncion-o (rel.) Assumption (of the Virgin Mary). — DEFIRS
  • atach-ar to attach. Def.: Forte juntar (kozi o personi). — DEFI
  • atak-ar (tr.) to attack; (milit.) to take the offensive; (cf. asaltar, asomar, atentar); -o: (alo med.) attack(ing); -anto, -into, -ero: attacker, assailant, aggressor; -ebla: assailable; -anta, -ema: aggressive, attacking, offensive (attack); -em-eso: aggressiveness; cirkum- -ar: to a. on all sides; flanke -ar: to a. on flank; -ar dorse, surprize: to a. at the rear, to make a surprise a.; kontre- -o: counter a.; noktal -o: night a.; -iva federo: offensive alliance. — DEFIRS
  • ataraxi-o (philos.) ataraxy: perfect piece of mind. — DEFIRS
  • atashe-o (diplo.) attaché. — DEFIR
  • atavism-o atavism. — DEFIRS
  • ataxi-o ataxia (med.) -ika, iko: ataxic (person); -o lokomocala: locomotor a. — DEFIS
  • atazi-o (med.) aphasia; -iko: person suffering from a. — DEFIS
  • ateism-o atheism; -ala: atheistic (doctrine, teaching). — DEFIRS
  • ateist-a, -o atheist; -ala: atheistic (of persons); -aro: a.s (collect.). — DEFIRS
  • atelier-o atelier (workshop). Def.: Loko en qua laboras piktisto, skultisto, fotografisto, artizano. — DEFS
  • atenc-ar (tr.) to pay attention to (ulu, ulo); to apply the mind to, heed; -o: attention, care, heed; -ema: attentive, mindful; -ez: attention! mind! look out! ne- -oza, -ema: inattentive, heedless; sen- -ajo: inadvertence, oversight (act). — DEFIS
  • atene-o Athenaeum (temple and literary institution). — DEFIRS
  • atent-ar (tr.) to make a criminal attempt on (ulu, ulo); -o: attempt (to commit an offense or crime); attack, assault (on persons or property), outrage; -a, -anta, -ema: assailing, unlawful, hostile; -ar la honoro di ulu: to assail the honor of some one; -ar la vivo (di ulu): to make an attempt on a person’s life; -ar su ipsa: to attempt suicide; -o kontre la majesto: crime of lese-majeste; -o kontre la pudoro: criminal (or indecent) assult. — DEFIS
  • aterom-o (med.) atheroma. — DEFIRS
  • atest-ar (tr.) to attest: certify, bear witness, give proof of; -(ad)o: attestation, testimony, deposition, certification; -uro: certificate, voucher; deb- -o: acknowledgement of debt; demandar -o (di ulu): to call for witness: donar -o: (jur.) to depose; examen- -o: brevet, certificate, diploma; facar -o (pri ulo, ulu): to bear witness; falsa, menti- -o: false testimony; mariaj - o: certification of marriage; -o di salubreso: health certificate; -ala: testimonial: relating to testimony; la dei -as to: the gods are witness to it, as the gods are our witnesses. — DEFIRS
  • atik-o (arch.) attic, a. story; (cf. mansardo). — EF
  • atik-ismo Atticism; -isto: Atticist. — DEFIRS
  • ating-ar (tr.) to attain, reach; ta infanto ruptas irgo quon il povas -ar: that child breaks everything he can reach; la vito -as la triesma etajo: the vine reaches to the 3rd story; -ar sua skopo: to hit one’s mark, attain one’s aim; ta kalumnii ne povas -ar ni: those calumnies cannot reach (hurt) us; -ar la simileso: to hit off the resemblance; ye fusil- -o: at (within) gun shot; -o-disto: hand’s reach; ne -ebla: beyond reach. — EFIS
  • atitud-o attitude. Def.: Mentala posturo: vere, il montras nobla atitudo. — EFIS
  • atlant-o (arch.) atlas; (pl.) atlantes; (cf. kariatido). Def.: Virala figuro, qua servas kom suportilo. — DEFIRS
  • Atlantik-a, -o the Atlantic.
  • Atlantik-o, -a oceano Atlantic (ocean); trans- -a: transatlantic. — DEFIRS
  • atlas-o (anat., geog.) atlas. — DEFIRS
  • atlet-o athlete; -ala, -atra: athletic; -ismo, -exerc-ado: athletics. — DEFIRS
  • atmosfer-o atmosphere; -ala: atmospheric; -o-preso: a. pressure. — DEFIRS
  • atol-o atoll. Def.: Koralia insulo. — DEFIS
  • atom-o atom; -ala pezo: atomic weight; -ismo: atomism (theory); -isto: atomist (philos.). — DEFIRS
  • atoni-o (med.) atony; -oza: atonic. — DEFIRS
  • -atr- -like, -ish; of the nature of or having nearly the same appearance, qualities or characteristics; similar: sponj-atra, spongy; metal-atra, metal-like; flav-atra, yellowish; used ordinarily with non-verbal roots and referring to things, not persons (cf. -em-). Note: The roots form-, simil- are used in the same sense as -atr-.
  • atrakt-ar (tr. also fig.) to attrack, draw; -(ad)eso: attract -ing, -ion; -iva, -ivo: attractive, inviting, engaging, winning (object); -ilo di desfortuno: something which brings bad luck. Ex.: La magneto atraktas la fero. Atraktar l’atenco di ulu. Atraktar la odio di la publiko. Un desfortuno atraktas (E. brings on) un altra. Atrakto-forco, -povo. Mieno atraktiva. Ant.: repulsar, antipatiar. — DEFIS
  • atrap-ar (tr.) to entrap: take in, trick, hoax, dupe; April- -o, -ilo: April hoax; -ita da fripono: taken in by a rogue. — DEFS
  • atribu-ar to assign, give, bestow, vest, allocate, invest with (something as due and appropriate); -ar a ta ofico la konoco di ica od ita aferi: to assign to that office the cognizance of such and such affairs; la funcioni atribuita a policestro esas tre multa: the functions assigned (or vested in) the chief of police are very numerous; on atribuis bela honorarii a ta ofico: handsome emoluments have been assigned (attached, annexed) to that office; -ar la kulpo ad ulu: to throw the fault on some one; -ar a su la honori di: to take the credit, claim the honors of. (cf. imputar). — DEFIS
  • atribut-o (log., gram.) attribute, attributive. — DEFIRS
  • atric-ar (intr., theol.) to feel attrition; -o: (theol.) attrition: grief for sin arising from fear of punishment. — DEFIS
  • atrofi-ar (tr., med.) to atrophy; -esar: to be atrophied, waste away. — DEFIRS
  • atropin-o atropin(e). — DEFIRS
  • atun-o (ich.) tunny (-fish) (Scomber thynus). — DEFIRS
  • aturd-ar (tr.) to stun. V. exp.: Aturdar ne esas sempre vertijigar, nek ebriigar; en sua propra senco, ol indikas nekoncio o preska nekoncio produktita exemple da frapo, granda shoko, e.c. — FIS
  • aucion-ar (tr.) to bid for, offer a higher price; -(ad)o: bidding, bid; -anto: bidder; -e vendar: to auction off, to sell at auction; -o, -vendo: auction; -ven-ist-o: auctioneer; -ar domo: to bid for a house. Def.: Ofrar preco plu alta kam altru. — DEFRS
  • aud-ar (tr.) to hear: receive sensations by the ear; -(ad)o, -eso: hearing, audition; -ala, -iva: auditory, auricular; -anta: audient, listening, hearing; -anto, -ero: hearer, auditor; -ant-aro: audience, auditors, congregation; per -o: by hearsay. V. exp.: vid. askoltar, kp. auskultar. — DEFIRS
  • audac-ar (tr.) to dare, venture, be so bold as; -o: audacity, hardihood; -oza, -anta: bold, daring, intrepid; -ego: temerity; -anto, -ozo: audacious person; -igar: to embolden; -eskar: to grow bold; -ar ek-asalto: to venture (dare) a sortie; me ne audacas informar il pri la mala novajo: I do not dare to inform him of the bad news; simular -o: to bluster. V. exp.: vid. riskar. — EFIS
  • audienc-o audience, sitting, hearing (granted by person in authority); not audience as in theaters, etc; cf. aud-ant-aro; -eyo: a. chamber; Sro. X havis -o kun la rejo: Mr. X had an a. with the king; hori di -o: (fixed) hours for hearing, times for cosultation (physicians, barristers). — DEFIRS
  • audiometr-o audiometer. — DEFIRS
  • auditor-o auditor: judicial-hearer, assessor (functionary). — DEFIRS
  • augment-ar (tr., intr.) to augment: to increase, enlarge, to make larger or more numerous; to raise (rents, prices, wages, etc. (cf. plu-cher-igar); -(ad)o, -eso, -uro: augmentation, increase, aggravation; rise (in price); (gram.) augment; -iva, -ivo: augmentative; pluse -ar: to raise higher. Ex.: Augmentar sua fortuno; augmentar la preco di nutrivi; augmentar sua domo, sua domeno. Augmentar la salarii. La desfacilaji augmentis cirkum lu. Ant.: diminutar, reduktar. — DEFIS
  • augur-ar (tr.) to augur (de ulo); -o: augury, omen, presage; -isto: augur, soothsayer; mal- -a: ominous; -ar bone pri kozo: to augur well (have a favorable opinion) of a thing; Ex.: Ta evento esas bona auguro. To bone auguras. — DEFIRS
  • august-a august: imposing awe or veneration, majestic. Ex.: Il esas persono di august aspekto. — DEFIRS
  • «aula» aula: hall in universities, colleges, etc.; -ala konsilistaro: aulic council. — DEFIRS
  • Aulid-o Aulis.
  • aureol-o (pr. and fig.) aureole, halo, nimbus; -izar: to put a halo around (as in painting); (fig.) to crown with glory. — DEFIRS
  • aurikul-o (anat.) auricle. — DEFIS
  • auror-o aurora, dawn; -o pol-ala: a. borealis. — DEFIRS
  • auskult-ar (tr., med.) to auscultate. — DEFIRS
  • auspici-o, -i (lit. and fig) auspice(s); me entraprezas ica afero kun -i favoroza: I undertake this business under favorable a.s. Def.: Predico ek la flugo o la kanto dil uceli (en Roma antiqua). — DEFIS
  • auster-a austere: (in a moral sense) strict, rigid. Def.: Tre severa por su pri la mori, kun nuanco di rigoro ed asketeso. — DEFIS
  • austr-o (poet.) a south wind; -ala: austral: southern; -ala latitudo: southern latitude. — DEFIRS
  • Australazi-a Australasia. — DEFIRS
  • Australi-a Australia; -ano: Australian.
  • Austri-a Austria; -ano: Austrian.
  • autentik-a authentic, genuine, properly attested; -igar: to authenticate; garantiar la -eso di: to guarantee the authenticity of — DEFIRS
  • autism-o autism. — DEFIRS
  • auto- (prefix for scientific and technical words) auto-, self-; auto-movanta: self-moving, -acting. — DEFIRS
  • autobiografi-o autobiography. — DEFIRS
  • autobus-o bus. Def.: Omnabusa automobilo. — DEFIS
  • «autodafe» auto-da-fe. — DEFIRS
  • autodidakt-a, -o autodidact: self-taught (person) — DEFIRS
  • autogir-o autogyro. — DEFIRS
  • autograf-a autographic: written by one’s own hand; -o: autograph: original signature or writing. — DEFIRS
  • autokalv-o autoclave: (French) steaming vessel; -o da Papin: Papin’s digester. — DEFIRS
  • autokrat-o autocrat; -a rej-ido: autocratic prince; -ala guvernado: a. government; -aro: autocracy (coll.); -eso: autocracy (quality); -ismo: autocracy (regime). — DEFIRS
  • automat-o automaton; -a: automatic: self-acting; -ala: automatic (relating to an automaton); -eso: automatism. — DEFIRS
  • automobil-o automobile: motor-car; -ero, -isto: automobilist; -duktisto: chauffeur; -ismo: automobilism; -korno: a. horn. — DEFIRS
  • automorf-a (math.) automorphic. — DEFIRS
  • autonom-a autonomous: self-governing, independent; -eso: autonomy. — DEFIRS
  • autopsi-ar (tr.) to hold an autopsy on (ulu); -o: autopsy, post-mortem. — DEFIRS
  • autor-o (lit.) author; (fig.) creator, originator; -acho: scribbler; -yuro: copyright. — DEFIRS
  • autoritat-o authority: legal or rightful power; -ozo, -ozi: authorit-y, -ies; -oza, -ema: authoritative. — DEFIRS
  • autostop-o hitchhiking. Def.: Haltigo di vehili transitanta por demandar transporto gratuita ad ula loko — DFIRS
  • autun-o autumn: fall of the year; -ala: autumnal. — EFIS
  • auxiliar-a auxiliary. Def.: helpala, helpanta. — EFIS
  • av-o grand-parent; -ulo: grandfather; -ino: grandmother; ge- -i: grand-parents (both sexes); pre- -o: great grandparent; forefather; tri-esma -ulo: great-great-grandfather; prim- -o: (our) first parent; -ala nomo patronymic. — ILS
  • aval-o aval: guaranty, surety: a signature at bottom of a bill to guarantee payment; -izar: to guarantee (a bill by endorsement). — DEFIS
  • avalanch-ar (intr.) to fall in an avalanch; -o: avalanch. — EFIS
  • avan (prep.) in front of, ahead of; before (in space, cf. ante); -e: (adv.) in front; -a: advance, forward, front; -o: the front; -ajo: thing, object in front, forepart; (fig.) forequarters (as of a horse); -irar: (intr.) to advance, go forward; kun la avano dope: with the front behind, or hindpart foremost; la akuzato sidas avan la jurio: the defendant sits before the jury; -brakio: fore-arm; -ceno: front of the stage, proscenium; -chambro: front-room, anteroom; -guardo: vanguard; -holdo: forward hold (of a ship); -kastelo: (mar.) fore-castle, -korpo, -parto: forepart; -pedo: front foot (of an animal); -portuo: outer harbor; -posteno: (milit.) outpost; -tekto: fore-roof, projecting roof, eaves; -viro: front man; (milit.) chief of file; Avan-Azia: Asia Minor. Ant.: dop. — DEFIRS
  • avanc-ar (tr. intr.) to advance: to go forward, move, put forward, (in space and time); -inta frukti, flori: forward fruits, flowers; -inta posteno: (milit.) advanced post; -e: forward, onward, in advance; -ez: forward! Ex.: Avancar la manuo, la pedo. La armeo avancas en la lando. Avancar sua departo. Avancigar la laboro. Ant.: retro -irar; regresar, tard-igar. — DEFIS
  • avantaj-o advantage; -oza: advantageous; -izar: to advantage, bestow an a. on, to favor; publika, statala- -o: public, state utility. Ex.: Ula persono povas havar avantajo relate altra. La avantaji dil paco. Ant.: des-avantajo. — DEFIS
  • avantal-o apron (for persons or vehicles), pinafore. — SP
  • avar-a, -acha avaricious, miserly, greedy, covetous; -eso: avarice; -acho: sordid miser, skinflint; -eg-eso, -ach-eso: niggardliness, stinginess. Ant.: prodig-anta, spens-ema, disipanta. — EFIS
  • avari-ar (tr.) to damage (in conveying goods); -o: damage, loss, (com.) average. Def.: Avario indikas omna domajo, ne nur di navo, ma di kozi transportita per navo, fervoyo, veturo. — DEFIRS
  • avelan-o filbert, hazel-nut; -iero: filbert-tree (Corylus Avellana); -ea: hazel colored. — FISL
  • aven-o oats; -ala, -atra: avenaceous; -grani: oat-grains; -porciono: a feed of oats; -gruelo: porridge. — EFISL
  • aventur-ar (intr.) to seek adventures, go on adventures, lead an adventurous (or roving) life; -o: adventure; -ema, -oza: adventurous, venturesome. (cf. riskar). — DEFIRS
  • avenu-o avenue. Def.: Larja voyo arborizita, duktanta ad ula loko, kastelo, monumento (forsan placo). — DEFRS
  • averaj-o average (math) — E
  • avers-o front-, right-side (of cloth, medals, etc.) first page (of a book); -e: front side to; (cf. facio). Ant.: reverso. — DF
  • avert-ar (tr.) to give notice, apprise, caution, advertise, warn (N.B. not necessarily to warn of danger); -o: warning, hint; -anto, -ero: cautioner; -anta: admonitory, premonitory; -ilo: warning instrument; -ar ulu pri ulo: to inform or apprise a person of something; -ar la patro pri la konduto di lua filiulo: to apprise the father of his son’s conduct; mea infirmeso avertas me pensar pri morto: my infirmities warn me to think of death; -ilo di incendio: fire alarm. Def.: Informar ulu pri ulo futura, bona o mala. — DEFIS
  • aviac-ar (intr.) to practice aviation, to fly; -(ad)o: aviation; -isto, -ero: aviator; -ilo: flying machine (heavier than air). — DEFIRS
  • avid-a avid, greedy, rapacious, craving, eager; venj- -a: vindictive; pekuni- -eso: cupidity; -e askoltar ulu: to drink in the words of someone. Ant. jeneroza. — DEFIS
  • avion-o aeroplane. Def.: Aeroplano. — FS
  • avionik-o avionics. — DEFIRS
  • aviz-ar (tr.) to apprise, advise, give notice of (pri ulo); -o: notice, notification (generally an order or prohibition); -o-navo: advice-, dispatch-boat. Def.: donar ula praktikal informo, konsilo od impero. V. exp.: Avizo, notico: Avizo koncernas generale preskripto od interdikto. Notico esas texto instruktiva teoriale, sive en etiketo, sive en mikra libro o broshuro. Exemple, se on eniras muzeo, on trovas ye la pordo tala avizi: «La muzeo esas apertita de 10 til 16 kloki; ol esas klozita omna lundio; on ne darfas enirar kun parapluvi, bastoni, hundi» e.c. Ma enirinte, on vidas notici sub la objekti expozata, qui indikas lia autoro, tempo, origino, e.c.; on povas komprar libreti titulizita notico pri ula objekto or serio di objekti (N.B.: ne katalogo, qua implikas numeral ordino). — DFIRS
  • avocet-o avocet. — EFIS
  • avokad-o avocado. — DEFIRS
  • «avoué» (French) attorney-at-law. — F
  • ax-o (all senses) axis, axle; -ala: axial; (rot-)axo: axle (tree); manivel- -o: cranked axle; rotac- -o: axis of rotation: the line round which a body revolves; -o-boxo: a. case; -o-metro: (nav.) tell-tale (of a tiller); -o-stifto: a. bolt, pin; -arboro: horizontal shaft. — DEFIS
  • axel-o (anat.) axilla: arm-pit; (bot.) axil(la). — DEFIS
  • axiom-o axiom; -ala: axiomatic. — DEFIRS
  • axoid-o (anat.) axis: second vertebra of neck; -ala: axoidal. — DEFIS
  • axolotl-o axolotl. — DEFIRS
  • axon-o axon. — DEFIRS
  • axonometri-o (math.) axonometry. — DEFIS
  • azale-o (bot.) azalea (genus: Azalea). — DEFIRS
  • Azerbaijan Azerbaijan. — DEFIRS
  • Azi-a Asia; -ana, -ano: Asian, Asiatic.
  • azil-o asylum: place of refuge for poor, sick, or helpless; (fig.) any place of retreat or security; infant- -o: infant a.; -yuro: right of sanctuary; blind- -o: a. for blind. — DEFIS
  • azim-a unleavened; -o, -a pano: azym: unleavened bread; (cf. oblato). — DEFIS
  • azimut-o (astron. and. geodesy) azimuth; -ala busolo: a. compass. — DEFIRS
  • azot-o azote: nitrogen. — EFIRS
  • azur-o (color) azure, sky-blue: (pigment) smalt; -oza, -atra, -ea: a. colored; -iz-ita: azured (artificially). — DEFIRS


B

  • b (mus.) ti: seventh note diatonic scale.
  • ba (interj.) bah! poof! pshaw! — DEFRS
  • «baba» baba: French bun, plum-cake. — DEFRS
  • «Babel» (lit. and. fig.) Babel; -turmo: tower of B. — DEFIRS
  • babil-ar (intr.) to babble, prattle (as infants); to chatter (as a magpie); to gossip, gabble, prate (of grown persons); -(ad)o: chit-chat, gossiping, trifling talk; -ero, -emo: babbler, tattler, chatter-box; -era, -ema: talkative, loquacious; -ajo: a matter of gossip; -acho: busy-body. — DEF
  • babirus-o babirusa. — DEIRS
  • babuch-o babouche: Turkish heel-less slipper. — DEFIRS
  • babuin-o baboon (Cynocephalus Babuin). — DEFIRS
  • bacheler-o bachelor (of a university); -eso: bachelorship, b. degree; -o pre cienco: b. of science: -o-kandidato: aspirant, candidate for the b. degree; (cf. celibulo). Def.: l’unesma (minim alta) universitatala grado. — DEFIRS
  • bacil-o bacillus; -ala, -atra, -forma: bacillary, bacilliform. — DEFIRS
  • Badeni-a Baden; -ano: (man) of Baden.
  • badern-o (nav.) paunch-matting, chafing-mat, thrummed mat. — FIS
  • badijon-ar (tr.) to badigeon; -ivo: badigeon: a cement or distemper paste of powdered stone and plaster. — EF
  • badlan-o, -i (bot.) star or Chinese aniseed; -iero: badian: aniseed tree (Illicium anisatum). — DEFRS
  • bagaj-o baggage, luggage; -vagono: b. car; bilieto di -o: ticket for b.; depoz-eyo di- -o: b. room; manu- -o: hand b.; -uyo: holder, boot (of a carriage); enskribeyo di -o: b. check-room; portisto di -i: b. porter. — DEFIRS
  • bagatel-o bagatelle, trifle, trash, bauble; -verko: literary trifle. — DEFIS
  • bagn-o bagnio: convict hulk or prison; -ano: galley-slave, -convict. — DEFIS
  • Baham-a the Bahamas (islands).
  • Bak-o Bacchus; -ala: Bacchic; -an-ino: bacchante; -ano: a follower of B. — DEFIRS
  • bak-ar (tr.) to bake (dry heat); freshe, nove, heme -ita: fresh, newly, home baked; -o-forno: b. oven. — DE
  • bakanal-o (lit. and fig.) bacchanalia: a drunken feast or revel. — DEFIRS
  • bakteri-o bacterium; -ala, -atra: bacterial; -ocid-ivo: bactericide. — DEFIRS
  • bakteriologi-o bacteriology; -isto: bacteriologist. — DEFIRS
  • Baktri-a Bactri; -ano: Bactrian.
  • bal-o ball (dance); mask- -o: masked b.; puer- -o: children’s dance; travesti- -o: fancy (dressed) ball; -chambro: ball-room; -shui: pumps; -acho: public-house dance, shindy. — DEFIRS
  • balad-o ballad, ballade: epic dance and song. — DEFIRS
  • balanc-o balance: scales; -o Romana: steelyard; letro- -o: letter-scale; tordo- -o: torsion b.; ponderar per -o: to weigh by a b. — DEFIRS
  • balancier-o (of machines) a balancing body; fly-wheel; gimbals (of a compass). Def.: Maso (generale roto-forma) qua ocilas cirkum sua baricentro per risorto. — DEFIRS
  • balas-rubin-o a balas ruby. — DEFIRS
  • balast-o ballast (for railways, ships); -eyo: b. space; -izar: to b.; sen- -igar; des- -izar: to unb. — DEFRS
  • balay-ar (tr.) to sweep; -ilo: a broom; -il-eto: brush; -aji: sweepings; mancho-, shafto di -ilo: broom handle; fac-isto di -ili: b. maker; strado- -isto: street-sweeper (vehicle). — F
  • balbut-ar (tr., intr.) to stutter, stammer (from emotion); to lisp (as an infant); to boggle; hem and haw, to hesitate in reading and reciting; (cf. barbuliar). V. exp.: vid. stoterar. — FIS
  • bald-e soon, ere long, shortly; -a: which will soon take place; til -e: (fig.) goodbye for the moment; tam -e kam: as soon as; esos -e du kloki: it is near two o’clock. Ex.: Ni venis maxim balde posible. Ni departos balde. — D
  • baldakin-o baldachin: tester (of a bed); canopy (of a throne, altar, etc.); lito kun -o: bed with canopy. — DEFIRS
  • baldri-o baldric, shoulder belt (for sword, etc.). — DEFI
  • Balear-i Balearic (islands).
  • balen-o whale; -yuno: young w.; -pesk-isto: whaler; -o-navo: w.-ship; -kanoto: w. boat; -oleo: w. oil. — FISL
  • balet-o ballet; -ist-ino: b. dancer. — DEFIRS
  • balif-o bailiff: a judicial functionary. — EFIS
  • balis-o (nav.) sea-mark, buoy, beacon; (cf. boyo); (land) signal-pole (on R.R. or towpath); -eto: (surveyor’s) ranging rod; -izar: to buoy, erect beacons. — FS
  • balist-o ballista: a war machine. — DEFIRS
  • balistik-o ballistics. — DEFIRS
  • balkon-o (arch.) balcony; (nav.) stern gallery (of a ship); fenestro kun -o: window with b. — DEFIRS
  • baln-ar (tr.) to bath, bathe, lave; -uyo: bath (receptacle); -ala: bathing; -eyo: bathing place; -anto, -ero, -isto: bather, bath-keeper; -o-kuvo: b. tub; -o-mantelo: b. robe; -o-aquo: bath water; -o-kalsono: bathing-drawers; pedo-o: foot-b.; sedo- -o: hip-b.; mar- -o: sea-bathing; maria- -o: (chem.) water-bath; -o-chambro: b. room; -o-terapio: b. therapeutics; term-ala -i: thermal b.s. — DEFIRS
  • balon-o ball or sphere filled with air; -eto: small ball (as for tennis, etc.); -o, -ego: air-balloon. V. exp.: Sfero esas la geometrial, abstraktita figuro. Bulo e globo konkreta materiala sfero. On uzas bulo precipue por la ludi (bulo di biliardo, di kegoludo), e globo precipue por la cienci (la tera globo, sive reala, sive reprezentata per kartona globo). Buleto esas uzata sive por la infantala ludo, sive en la tekniko (rulo sur buleti). Kuglo esas rezervata a la projektili di pafilo (fusili, pistoli, e.c.) qui en nia tempo ne plus esas sfera o sferatra. Kuglego esas projektilo di kanono. Balono esas globo o bulo kava, mola, plena de aero (kompresita) e konseque elastika, por ludar. Baloneto esas la Angla ‘ball’ por ludar. Balonego esas la vulgara nomo di la (sferata) aerostati (plena de gaso). On povas nomar li simple baloni, kande nula ambigueso esas posibla. — DEFIRS
  • balot-ar (tr.) to elect (ulu) by second ballot, -o: second-ballot (in Europe; necessary when no candidate has obtained an absolute majority). -voto: vote by ballot. — DEFIRS
  • balote-ar (intr., med. and gen.) to wabble, shake, tremble, quiver (pro). Def.: La vulgara senco di ica vorto expresas la movo ocilanta o tremanta di maso solida, ma elastika o viskoza (quale gelatino). Ex.: Lua karno baloteas pro la shoko. — FIS
  • Baltik-a,-o the Baltic (sea).
  • balustr-o baluster: upright support for railing. Def.: Mikra pilastro faasonita. — DEFIRS
  • balustrad-o balustrade, railing, (cf. pasamano). Def.: Rango formacita ek balustri, generale horizontala. — DEFIRS
  • balzam-o balsam: fragrant resin used as medicine; (fig.) balm, consolation; -ala, -oza: balsamic; balmy (odour, air, etc.); -iero: (genus) balsamodendron; -izar: to embalm (a body); -iz-ero, -isto: embalmer; pektoral -o: pectoral b.; -o di Gilead: balm of Gilead. — DEFIRS
  • balzamin-o (bot) garden balsam (Impatiens balsamina). — DEFIRS
  • bambu-o (bot.) bamboo. — DEFIRS
  • banan-o (fruit) banana; -iero: b. tree (Musa sapientum). — DEFIRS
  • band-o band (group), company, crew; (of fish) shoal; -acho: gang, clique; -o de furtisti: b. of robbers; rapt- -o: b. of brigands; haringo- -o: shoal of herrings. — DEFIRS
  • bandaj-o (surg.) bandage; truss; (of a wheel) tire; -izar: to bandage; put a tire on; herniala -o: truss for rupture; menton- -o: chin-b. — DEFIRS
  • bande-ar (intr. nav.) to have a list, be lopsided; -igar: to cause to list; -o: listing. — FIS
  • banderol-o pennant, streamer, banderole. Def.: Bendo longa ek stofo, qua flotacas en l’aero; finas ofte per du pinti; en pikturi, portas surskriburi. — DEFIRS
  • bandit-o bandit; -eso, -ismo: (state, system) banditism. — DEFIRS
  • bandolier-o bandolier: cross-, shoulder-belt. Def.: Rimeno o sharpo pozita sur un shultro e suportanta ula kozo (ex. espado) sur l’altra latero, do pasanta oblique sur la korpo. — DEFIRS
  • baner-o banner (as used by societies, orders); -ala fronto: (fig.) front line of battle, in battle array. Def.: Speco di rektangula insigno (en stofo) fixigita per horizontal latero a stango di sama longeso, qua pendas per du kordi de la stango per qua on portas la insigno. — DEFIS
  • Bangladesh Bangladesh. — DEFIRS
  • bank-o (fin.) bank; -isto: banker; -o-bilieto: b. note; -o-aciono: bank share, -stock; emiso- -o: b. of issue; -o di diskonto: discount bank. — DEFIRS
  • bankrot-ar (intr.) to be (or become) bankrupt; -igar: to bankrupt: cause bankruptcy to: -o: bankruptcy; -into,-ero: a bankrupt; (cf. ne-solventa). Note: this word implies something disgraceful or criminal; cf. faliar. — DEFIRS
  • banyan-o banyan (tree). — EFIRS
  • baobob-o (bot.) baobab (Adansonia digitata). — DEFIRS
  • bapt-ar (tr.) to baptize; -o-fili-(ul)o: godson, godchild; -o-matro: godmother; -o-patro: godfather; -o-nomo: Christian name, first name; -ala vasko, kuvo: baptismal font, tank; -eyo: baptistery, place for baptism. — EFIS
  • bar-ar (tr.) to bar or stop up (a way, a door, etc.); -o-stango, -o-trabo: a bar (of wood or metal as for doors, windows); -ilo: barrier (in general); -il(o) -gardisto: gate-keeper; strado- -ilo: street barrier; (fig.) toll-gate; -ilo kontre-epidemia: sanitary cordon; turn- -ilo: turnstile, (surg.) tourniquet. — DEFIRS
  • barak-o shed, hut; temporary wooden building to shelter soldiers, fishermen, etc.; booth, covered stall (in a fair); -o di jonglisto: juggler’s booth. — DEFIRS
  • barakan-o barracan: a camel’s hair fabric. — DEFIRS
  • barakt-ar (intr.) to struggle: strive to get away, writhe, strive (kontre); (cf. luktar). Ex.: La kaptata fisho baraktas en l’aquo. Baraktar per manui e pedi. (fig.) La sovaji ne forte baraktas kontre la morto. — R
  • baratri-o (nav.) barratry. Def.: Fraudo da la kapitano o navestro kontre armatori od asekuristi. — DEFIRS
  • barb-o beard: hair on the chin, lips and cheeks of men and animals; -oza: bearded; -isto: barber; -o- -pinselo: shaving brush; vango- -o: whiskers; menton- -o: chin -b.; labio- -o: mustache; blonda -o: blond b.; -o du-dia: a two-day b.; griz- -(ul)o: grey b.; kapro- -o: billy-goat b.; portar -o: to wear a b.; lanug- -o: down (on the face); -o nivatra, nivea: a snow-white b.; sen- -a: beardless. — DEFIRS
  • Barbados Barbados.
  • barbakan-o (arch.) barbican; loop-hole; escape-hole (in retaining wall for water). — DEFIS
  • barbar-a, -o barbarian; -atra: barbarous; in a b. manner; -eso: (state) barbarism; -ismo: (linguistic) barbarism; -igar: to barbarize. — DEFIRS
  • barbel-o (ich.) barbel (Barbus). — DEFIRS
  • barbot-ar (intr.) to dabble, paddle, splash, flounder about (in mud or water). — FIS
  • barbuli-ar (tr.) to sputter, splutter, mumble;(cf. balbutar). Def.: Parolar tro rapide e konseque neklare e konfuze, nekompreneble. — FIS
  • bard-o bard (poet). — DEFIS
  • bardan-o (bot.) burdock (Lappa). — FIS
  • barej-o (fabrik) barege; silka -o: grenadine (fabric). — DEFIRS
  • barel-o barrel, cask; -eto: small keg; -ego: hogshead, tun; -ifar: to cooper; en- -igar: to barrel (ulo); vendar -ope: to sell by the b.; cherpar de la -o: to draw off from the b.; fish- -o: fish-b.; -o-boko: bung (-hole); -o-robineto: faucet, tap of a b.; vin- -o: barrel for wine; -o de vino: b. of wine. — DEFIS
  • bari-o (chem.) barium. — DEFIS
  • baricentr-o center of gravity. — FIS
  • barikad-o barricade; inkluzar su per -o: to b. oneself; obstruktar per -o, -e klozar, -izar: to b. — DEFIRS
  • barit-o (chem.) baryta. — DEFIRS
  • bariton-o baritone; -voco: b. voice. — DEFIRS
  • bark-o bark: small boat as wherry, punt, skiff. Def.: Mikra kanoto senmasta, movanta per remili, e ne generale uzata in maral aqui; (mitol.) la paromo di C(h)aron en la rivero Styx. — DEFIRS
  • barkarol-o barcarolle: (Venetian) boat song. — DEFIRS
  • barkas-o long-boat, launch (of a war-ship). — DFIRS
  • baro-flux-o bore, eger, eddy-tide. Def.: Granda mar-ondo avane precipitanta, qua avancas ad-monte en ula estuarii.
  • barograf-o barograph. — DEFIRS
  • barok-a odd, queer-looking, uncouth, baroque, bizarre; ill-shaped, distorted (of pearls); -eso: oddness; -ajo: an oddity. Def.: Qua havas aspekto nereguloza o stranja (ex. perlo, stilo). — DEFIS
  • barometr-o barometer. — DEFIRS
  • baron-o baron or baroness; -ino: baroness; -ulo: baron; -eso: (rank, dignity) barony; -aro: (collect.) baronage; -io: (domain) barony. — DEFIRS
  • baroskop-o baroscope. — DEFIRS
  • barsh-o (ich.) umbrina. — DFI
  • bart-o whalebone; -izar: to stiffen, fit with w. — D
  • bas-a (of dimensions, also pressure, sound) low (cf. alta); -igar: to make low: shorten the height of (cf. abasar); to lower (in tone, in pressure); -e: below (cf. infre); -o, -ajo, -parto: the lowers part; (mus.) bass; -eskar: to decline, wane, begin to droop, drop; spekular pri la bas-igo: (fin.) to bear stocks, speculate for a fall; -ig-isto: (fin.) bear operator; -voco: bass (voice); -reliefo: bass-relief; -voco infra: counter-bass; -ranga, -origina, -klasa: lowly, humble; -Germana: low German (dialect). V. exp.: vid. alta. Ant.: alta.
  • basament-o (arch.) basement. V. exp.: Ne konfunenda kun fundamento: basamento esas l’infra parto (bazo) videbla di edifico, qua jacas sur la fundamento. — DEFIS
  • basen-o (dock, river, water-works) basin; (geog.) valley, hollow; (dish) deep, wide pan; balno- -o: wash-b.; fish- -o: fish-pond; pulver- -o: pan (of a flint-lock). — DEFIRS
  • bask-o flap, skirt, tail (of a garment); -o-robo: (garment) basquine. — EFS
  • basketbal-o basketball. Def.: Sporto en qua du kin-homa esquadi esforcas lansar balono per la manui aden l’adversa *goluyo, olim korbo, nun reto kun apertita fundo e pendanta de metala ringo ye singla extremajo dil agro — DEFR
  • baskul-ar (intr.) to see-saw: sway up and down; -igar: to make s.s., to rock back and forward; -ilo: a see-saw; swing (for play); rocker (of a chiar); sweep (of a well); (tech.) rocking lever; -charioto, -veturo: dump-cart; tumbril-cart (for the condemned); -stulo: rocking chair; lev-ponto kun -ilo: draw-bridge with plyer, bascule bridge. Def.: Baskulilo en teknikal mekaniko esas levero, qua ne ocilas spontane (pro sua propra pezo), ma falas de un pozeso ad altra, sub influo di pezo o forco e ne rivenas a l’antea pozeso se altra (kontrea) pezo o forco ne agas. — DEFS
  • bason-o (mus. instr.) bassoon. — DEFIS
  • basot-o dachshund, basset-hound. Def.: Hundo karakterizata da gambi tre kurta e tordita. — EFIS
  • bast-o (bot.) bast, fiber: inner fibrous bark. — DE
  • bastard-a, -o bastard, illegitimate (of children); mongrel (of animals); hybrid (of animals, plants, etc.). — DEFIRS
  • basting-o (nav.) quarter-netting, waist-cloth; -izar: to rig the boarding-nettings. — FI
  • bastion-o (fort.) bastion. — DEFIRS
  • baston-o stick, staff, cane, cudgel; -eto: baton; -agar, -batar: to cudgel, cane; -ago, -bato: beating, bastinade; -skerm-isto: cudgel-player; biliard- -o: billiard cue; espad- -o: sword-cane; komando- -o: staff, baton of command; pesko- -o: fishing pole; tambur- -o: drum-stick; -ifar: to make sticks, canes. — DEFIRS
  • bat-ar (tr.) to beat: strike repeatedly (ulu, ulo); -(ad)o: beating, striking, drubbing; -anto, -ero, -emo: beater (person); -ilo: beater (instr.); -ita: beaten; (dispute) inter-batar, batar reciproke: fight, quarrel, exchange of blows; -ar la pedo: to beat (the soles of) the feet; -ar per vergo: to strike with a ferule; -ar sur la glutei: to beat on the buttocks; -ar per l’ali: to beat the wings; pulso -o: beat of the pulse. V, exp. Frapar, batar: Frapar esas la plu general termino: ol aplikesas ad omna shoko, korpala o mentala: ‘Me frapas me kontre la muro; on frapis la pordo; to frapis mea okuli, mea atenco, mea spirito’. Batar esas donar ad ulu od ulo plura frapi sucedante, generale per utensilo: ad ulu, por dolorigar lu; ad ulo por netigar ol (batar sidili, tapisi). Bato esas do esence volata e duranta ago, sempre korpala. — DEFIS
  • batali-ar (intr.) to (give) battle; -o: battle (between armies); -agro: battlefield; (cf. kombatar, militar). — DEFIRS
  • batalion-o (milit.) battalion, — DEFIRS
  • batel-o launch, barge, lighter; boat(s) (in general); -eto: small boat, skiff; -edo: boatful; -isto: boatman; -estro: boat-captain; -ponto: bridge of b.s; drag- -o: dredger; exkurs- -o: excursion b.; fish- -o: fishing b.; kanal- -o: canal-b.; karbon- -o: coal-b.; -o de karbono: boat filled with coal; pilot- -o: pilot-b.; rem- -o: row-boat; seglo- -o: sail-b. Def.: General nomo donita ad omnaspeca naveti, ma precipue a naveti di pasable granda dimensioni, quale gabari, e.c. — DFIS
  • bateri-o (milit., elec.) battery. — DEFIRS
  • batik-o batik, battik (method). — DEFIRS
  • batist-o battiste: cambric; -a naztuko: c. pocket-handkerchief. — DEFIRS
  • batrak-o (zool.) batrachian. — DEFIS
  • bav-ar (intr.) to slobber, drool, slaver; -o-tuko: bib. V. exp.: Bavar esas lasar fluar la salivo ek la boko. Do bavajo esas nur salivo ekfluanta (on povas anke bavar snago, e.c.). — FIS
  • Bavari-a Bavaria; -ano: Bavarian.
  • bay-o bay (cf. golfo). — DEFIRS
  • bayader-o bayadere: East-Indian dancing-girl. — DEFIRS
  • bayonet-o bayonet; espado- -o: sword-b.; prizentar la -o: to bring the b. to a charge; -agar: to b. (ulu), to use the b.; skermar per la -o: to fence with the b. — DEFIRS
  • baz-o base: lowest part of anything, foundation, bottom, foot; (fig.) basis, foundation, grounds; (chem.) base; -ala, -atra: basal, basic; -ajo: something which is basic; basement; -lineo: (math.) base-line; arko- -o: springing (of an arch); sen- -a: baseless; -o-krusto: (cook.) under crust; Ex.: La bazo di monto, di piedestalo, di triangulo, di sistemo, di yusteso, di metalo. — DEFIRS
  • bazalt-o (geol.) basalt. — DEFIRS
  • bazar-o baza(a)r. — DEFIRS
  • bazil-o (bot.) sweet-basil (Ocimum basilicum). — DEFIRS
  • bazilik-o (arch.) basilica. — DEFIRS
  • bazilik-veino (anat.) basilic vein. — DEF
  • bazilisk-o (myth., zool.) basilisk. — DEFI
  • be-ar (intr.) to open the mouth, to gape (fig.) to yawn; spektadar -ante: to look gapingly. Def.: Apertar la boko, anke en figurala senco ‘beanta truo’. — F
  • beat-a blissful, blessed; (iron.) sanctimonious; -eso: (state) bliss; (rel.) beatitude. — DEFIRSL
  • beatifik-ar (tr., Cath., rel.) to beatify. — DEFIRS
  • bebe-o baby. Def.: Tre yuna infanto — DEFIS
  • bechik-a (med.) bechic, pectoral: cough relieving. — EFIS
  • bed-o (agri., hort.) bed; floro- -o: flower-b.; sterko- -o: hot bed, forcing-bed; gazon- -o: grass--plot. — DE
  • bedel-o beadle: apparitor; usher. Def.: La nomo di ta qua preiras o sequas la procesioni (generale religiala). — DEFIRS
  • Beduin-o a Bedouin. — DEFIRS
  • begin-o beguine: a kind of nun in the Netherlands; -kofio: b. cap. — DEFIRS
  • begoni-o (bot.) begonia. — DEFIRS
  • bej-a beige. Def.: Sablo-kolora. — DEFIS
  • bek-o beak: bill of a bird; (tech.) beak, spout (of a vessel); -edo: a beakful; -agar, -pikar: to peck (at); -agado: pecking; -agar reciproke: to peck at each other; -forma: beak formed; en- -igar, -nutrar: to feed (young birds, etc.). — EFIS
  • bekafik-o (orni.) beccafico, garden warbler, fig-eater (Sylvia hortensis). — DEFIS
  • bekas-o (orni.) woodcock (Scolopax rusticola); -eto: snipe (Scolopax gallinula). — DEFIRS
  • bel-a beautiful, fine, handsome; -eta, -ata: pretty, rather handsome; -(ul)o: a handsome person; -ete: prettily; -ino: a belle; -ajo: a b. object; -eso: (quality) beauty; -et- -eso: prettiness; -acho: fop, cox-comb, insipid beauty; -igar: to beautify, embellish; -eskar: to become, grow b.; -a stroko: a lucky, fine stroke, hit or happening; lo bela: The Beautiful. Ant.: leda
  • beladon-o (bot., med.) belladonna (Atropa belladona). — DEFIRS
  • belemnit-o (fossil.) belemnite. — DEFIRS
  • Belg-a Belgian; -o: Belgian; -ia: Belgium.
  • Belize Belize. — DEFIRS
  • Beludjistan Baluchistan.
  • Beludjo a Baluch.
  • belveder-o (arch.) belvedere. — DEFIR
  • bemol-o (mus.) flat. (♭) — FIRS
  • bend-o bank: long, narrow piece of cloth, paper, metal, etc., strip, stripe, streak; fillet (for head), (hat) band; -izar: to bind up, place a band on; sen- -igar: to take off the band, unband; agro- -o: a strip of field; bordo- -o: piping, welt (of cloth); ledro- -o: strip, slip, band of leather; plat- -o: (arch.) platband; -o-segilo: b. saw; (cf. strio). Def.: Surfaco limitizita per du linei paralela. Ex. La standardo di Usa kontenas bendi (alterne reda, blanka), ne strii. — DEFIRS
  • «benedicite» grace (before meals). — DFIS
  • benedik-ar (tr.) to bless, pronounce a benediction on. — DEFIS
  • benediktan-o Benedictine (monk or nun); kuvento di -i: B. convent. — DEFIRS
  • benefic-o (eccl.) benefice, living; reprezento- -o: (theat.) benefit performance (where the proceeds are given to some particular person or purpose); -iero: beneficiary: holder of a benfice; recipient of the profits from a benefit performance. — DEFIRS
  • Bengal Begal; -ano: Bengalese.
  • Bengal-ucel-o (orni.) Bengal finch.
  • benign-a benign: kind, morally good; mild (of medicines, diseases). — DEFIS
  • Benin Benin. — DEFIRS
  • benk-o bench, long seat, settle, form; (in boats) thwart; -o-veturo: wagonette: wagon with long sets. Def.: Sidilo longa (ligna ex.) kun o sen dors-apogilo. — DEFIRS
  • benzen-o benzene. — EFIS
  • benzin-o benzine, benzene; -motoro: b. motor. — DEFIRS
  • benzo-o (bot.) benzoin; resin from the tree Styrax benzoin. — DEFIRS
  • benzoat-o benzoate (a salt); -acido: aenzoic acid. — DEF
  • benzol-o benzol(e). — DEFIRS
  • Beoti-a Boeotia; -ano: Boeotian.
  • bequadr-o (mus.) natural. — FIRS
  • ber-o berry; -atra: bacciform, berry-like; -port-anta, -if-anta: bacciferous, berry producing; vit- -o: grape; sika vit- -o: raisin; frangul- -o: alder-berry; muskat- -o: muscatel grapes. — DE
  • Berber-a Berber; -o: Berber; -ia: Barbary; -iano: Berber; -iala: of, relating to Barbary.
  • berberis-o (bot.) barberry, berberry, (fruit); -iero: b. bush (Berberis vulgaris). — DEFIRS
  • bered-o beret: round, flat cap such as worn by Basque peasants. — DEFIR
  • berenjen-o (bot.) aubergine, mad-apple, egg-plant (Solanum Melongene). — FS
  • bergamot-o, -oranjo bergamot pear, -orange; -iero: b. tree; (Citrus Bargamia, Bergamota); -esenco: essence of b. — DEFIRS
  • beril-o (min) beryl. — DEFIRS
  • berjer-o cushioned arm-chair. — DFR
  • berkeli-o berkelium. — DEFIRS
  • berlin-o berlin: a kind of coach. — DEFIRS
  • berlok-o trinket, charm (such as attached to watch chains). — DFIR
  • berm-o (fort. and gen.) berme: narrow shelf. Def.: Parto horizontal en taluso. — DEFRS
  • Bermud-i the Bermudas (islands).
  • bernakl-o (orni.) bernicle-goose (Branta bernicla). — DEFIS
  • bers-ar (tr.) to rock (a child); -(ant)e dormigar: to lull to sleep; -ilo: cradle; -o-kanto: lullaby, cradle-song. — F
  • bes (mus.) B flat.
  • Besarabi-a Bessarabia.
  • besti-o beast, any animal except man, (cf. animalo, bruto) -ala, -atra: bestial; -al-eso: bestiality (cf. brut-al-eso); -aro: fauna, beasts (collect.); -ala debocho: bestial debauchery; kargo- -o: b. of burden; tir- -o: draught animal; -o-edukado: rearing of animals; -o-kapt-isto: trapper; -o-kulto: zoolatry, animal worship; -o-trupo: herd, drove, flock. — DEFIRS
  • bestiari-o (rom. antiq.) bestiarius: person doomed to fight with wild beasts. — DEFIR
  • bet-o (bot.) beet (genus: Beta); (cf. betravo). — DEFIS
  • betel-o betel (Piper betle); -ajo: betel: a masticatory. — DEFIRS
  • beton-o beton: concrete; -izar: to cover with c.; -(iz)ajo: object covered with c.; -o fer-izita: reinforced c.; -a masonuro: c. masonry. — DEFIRS
  • betoni-o (bot.) betony (Betonica officinalis). — DEFIS
  • betrav-o beetroot, beet (edible: Beta Rapa); (cf. beto). — FS
  • bezig-o bezique; a card game. — DEFIS
  • bezoar-o bezoar. — DEFR
  • bezon-ar (tr.) to need; be in want of something necessary; -o: need; -ata: needed, wanted; ne plus -ar: to have no further need of, use for; -ar dormar: to need to sleep; en kazo di -o: in case of n.: if n. be, if needful; ocito-, rido- -o: to have an inclination to yawn, laugh; sen- -a: unneeded; -ar pekunio: to n. money; la bezoni publika: the public necessities (or requirements); la -i korpala: the bodily needs; la -i di la anmo: the needs of the soul; (cf. indijar, mankar). — FI
  • bi- two-. Used in scientific terms, as: bi-kapa, bicephalous; bi-loba, bilobate. The numeral du can be used to express the same idea: du-kapa, two-headed, bicephalous.
  • bibl-o Bible; -ala: Biblical; -o-citajo: passage from the B.; -experta: versed in the B. — DEFIRS
  • bibliofil-o bibliophile: book-lover. — DEFIRS
  • bibliografi-o bibliography; -isto: bibliographer. — DEFIRS
  • bibliomani-o bibliomania; -iko: bibliomaniac. — DEFIRS
  • bibliotek-o (ediface) library; (furniture) book-case; (cf. libr-aro); -isto: librarian; -o publika: public l.; -o vitrizita: glassed book-case; planko di -o: book shelf. — DEFIRS
  • biceps-o (anat.) biceps. — DEFIS
  • bicikl-o bicycle; -ego: a large b.; the old-fashioned, high b.; -isto, -ero: cyclist; viral-, mulieral- -o: a man’s. a woman’s b.; -irar: to bicycle. — DEFIRS
  • bi-denta (anat.) bidentate; two-toothed.
  • bidet-o (furniture) bidet; a kind of Sitz bath. — DEFIRS
  • bidon-o can (for oil etc.) (milit.) canteen. Def.: Ladovazo klozita por oleo, petrolo, benzino, e.c. qua kontenas de un til 10 litri; gurdatra kontenilo ek lado, quan la soldato portas. — FIRS
  • biel-o (mach.) connecting-, side-rod; kuplo- -o: coupling-rod; -kapo: cross-head. Def.: Stango qua ligas un peco ad altra, generale, stango di pistono a manivelo, e transformas movo rektolinea a movo rotaca. — FIS
  • bifstek-o beefsteak. — DEFIRS
  • bifurk-ar (tr. intr.) to bifurcate, branch off (from), fork (ek, kun) -o, -eyo: bifurcation, crotch (of a tree); -ilo: (R.R.) point, switch; -o-stationo: R. R. junction; -eyo, -o-voyo: junction of two roads; -anta: forked. — DEFIS
  • bigam-a bigamous; -eso: bigamy; -(ul)o: bigamist. — DEFIRS
  • bigot-a bigoted; -(ul)o: a b.; -eso: bigotry; -esar: to be b. — DEFI
  • bi-kap-a bicephalous; two-headed.
  • bi-kolor-a bi-colored.
  • bi-konkav-a bi-concave.
  • bi-korn-a bi-cornous: two horned; -a chapelo: bicornered hat.
  • bi-kotiledon-o, -a dicotyledon(ous).
  • bikursal-a (math.) bicursal. — DEFI
  • bikuspid-a (dento) bicuspid. — DEFIS
  • bil-o bile, gall (fluid); -ala vaskuli: b. ducts; -o-veziko: gall-bladder; -oza: bilious; -kalkolo: gallstone. — DEFIS
  • bilanc-o (com. fin.) balance, balance-sheet; facar- -o di: to b., draw a b. of (an account). — DEFIRS
  • bi-later-a bi-lateral.
  • bilg-o (nav.) bilge, lower part of a hold, well. — DE
  • biliard-o (game) billiards; -eyo: b. hall or room; -o-bastono: b. cue; -o-tablo: b. table; -o-bulo: b. ball. — DEFIRS
  • biliet-o a written order or ticket; banko- -o: bank-note; teatro- -o: theater ticket; fervoyala -o: railway-ticket; -o kun retro-veno: return trip ticket; komercala -i: commercial paper: notes in hand, promissory notes, bills of exchange; lojo- -o: (milit.) official requisition on a person for lodging; lojio- -o: box ticket (theater); gratuita -o: free-pass; kontrol- -o: check (theater). — DEFIRS
  • bi-lingu-a bilingual.
  • bilion-o billion: a million millions: (1,000,000,000,000) N. B. not as in U.S.: a thousand millions. — DEFIRS
  • bilkoket-o cup and ball (used in a game). — DFIR
  • bi-lob-a (bot.) bilobate.
  • bi-lorn-eto opera-glass, (double) field-glass.
  • bi-manu-a (zool.) bimanous; bimanual.
  • bi-metal-ismo bimetalism; -a, -ala: bimetallic.
  • binar-a (math., mus., chem.) binary. — DEFIS
  • bind-ar (tr.) to bind (books); -(ad)o: binding (act); -uro: binding (result); -isto: book-binder; ne- -ita: unbound; karton- -ar: to bind in boards; ledro- -uro: leather binding. — DE
  • binet-o (garden-) hoe; -agar: to hoe. — FS
  • binokl-o double eye-glass; -(if)isto: eye-glass maker, optician; naz- -o: nose-glasses; orel- -o: spectacles; manu- -o: glasses with handle; etuyo di -o: case for eye-glasses. Def.: Du okulvitri solidara. — DEFIRS
  • binokular-a (opt.) binocular. — DEFIRS
  • binomi-o, -ala (math.) binomial. — DEFIRS
  • biodinamik-o biodynamics. — DEFIRS
  • biofizik-o biophysics. — DEFIRS
  • biogenez-o biogenesis. — DE
  • biografi-o biography; -ala: biographical; -ero, -isto: biographer. — DEFIRS
  • biokemi-o biochemistry. — DEFIRS
  • biologi-o biology; -isto: biologist. — DEFIRS
  • biomas-o biomass. — DEFIRS
  • bionik-o bionics. — DEFIRS
  • biopsi-o biopsy. — DEFIRS
  • bioritm-o biorhythm. — DEFIRS
  • biosfer-o biosphere. — DEFIRS
  • bioteknologi-o biotechnology. — DEFIRS
  • bi-ped-a, -o biped.
  • bi-plan-o (aeron.) biplane.
  • bi-punto (print.) colon.
  • bi-quadrat-a (math.) biquadratic.
  • bir-o beer; -ifar: to brew; -if-erio: brewery; -if-isto: brewer; -(vend)-erio: beer selling establ.; -o-glaso: beer glass; glaso de -o: a glass of beer. — DEFI
  • bi-refrakt-ar (intr.) to be birefracting, birefringent.
  • birem-o bireme. — DEFIRS
  • biret-o biretta: R. C. ecclesiastic square cap; kardinal- -o: cardinal’s b. — DEFIRS
  • birk-o birch-tree (genus: Betula); -o-ligno: b. wood. — DE
  • bis-o (fabric, zool., bot.) byssus. — DEFIRS
  • bis twice, (in theaters) encore! repeat! klamar bis: to encore; (repetition of numbers); No. 3 bis: No. 3 twice or again; bis: (mus.) B sharp. — DFIRS
  • bi-sak-o (beggar’s) double-wallet, -pouch.
  • bi-sek-ar (tr.) to bisect (geom.)
  • bisextil-a bisextile; -a yaro: leap-year. — DEFIS
  • bi-sexu-a bisexual.
  • bi-sid-ilo seat for two persons, small sofa.
  • bi-silab-a dissyllabic.
  • bisk-o bisk (soup). — DEF
  • Biskay-a Biscay.
  • biskot-o rusk, zwieback. Def.: Loncho de pano rostita o grilita. — FIS
  • bismut-o bismuth. — DEFIRS
  • bisquit-o (U. S.) cracker; (England) biscuit; -if-erio: cracker bakery; -o navala: hardtack. — DEFIRS
  • bistr-a, -o bistre: a dark-brown pigment. — DEFR
  • bisturi-o (surg.) bistoury. — DEFIRS
  • bisulfat-o bisulphate. — DEFIRS
  • bisulfit-o bisuphite. — DEFIRS
  • bit-o bit (binary digit). — DEFIRS
  • bit-o (nav.) bitt. — DEFIRS
  • Bitini-a Bithinia.
  • bitr-a (lit. and fig.) bitter: hot and acid; sharp, poignant; biting; acrimonious; -eso: bitterness; -ajo: a b. thing; -igar: to make (ulo) bitter; (fig.) to embitter; absinto esas -a: absinth (wormwood) is bitter; -e plorar: to cry bitterly; reprocho -a: sharp, severe reproach; -a mandeli bitter almonds; -a quale bilo: a b. as gall. Ant. sukra, dolc-ega. — DE
  • bitum-o bitumen; (cf. asfalto). — DEFIRS
  • bivak-ar (intr.) to bivouac; -eyo: a b. (place). V. exp.: Bivakar esas kampar sen tendi, sub la cielo (generale cirkum fairi), nun por un nokto. — DEFIRS
  • bi-valv-a, -o bivalve.
  • bizanc-ala, -atra, -ana diletante (in discussion); -ano: quibbler. Def.: Qua prizas perdar sua tempo en diskutar subtilaji neutila. — F
  • bizantin-a (fig.) Byzantine. — DEFIRS
  • bizar-a bizarre. — DEFI
  • bizel-o (carp.) beveled-edge, feather-edge, chamfer; -izar: to bevel; -izita: beveled; -izo, -uro: beveling; -iz-ilo: a bevel. Def.: Bordo (di planko, cizelilo, e.c.) tranchita oblique. — FS
  • bizon-o (zool.) bison (Bos americanus). — DEFIRS
  • blam-ar (tr.) to blame, find fault with, reprobate, disapprove the actions or conduct of (ulo, pri, pro). V. exp.: vid. reprochar Ant.: laudar. — DEFIS
  • blank-a white; (fig.) blank: not written or printed on (page, etc.); Blanka Monto: Mont Blanc; -o, -ulo, -ino: a white person; -eso: whiteness; -ajo: a white object; -atra: whitish; -igar: to whiten, to bleach (clothes): -eskar: to become or turn white; -e vestizita: dressed in white; -a signaturo: signature in blank; -a-hara: white haired; Ant.: nigra. — DEFIRS
  • blasfem-ar (tr.) to blaspheme, swear; (cf. maledikar); -o: blasphemy, oath. — DEFIS
  • blastem-o (biol.) blastema. — DEF
  • blat-o cockroach (Blatta.) — DFI
  • blaz-ar (tr.) to blunt, pall, cloy, sicken (ulu, pri ulo); -esar: to be palled, surfeited; ecesi -as la gusto: excesses pall the taste; forta liquori -as la palato: strong liquors blunt the sensibilities of the palate; il blazesis da la kustumo di indulgo: habitual indulgence made him blase. — DEF
  • blazon-o blazon: coat of arms, armorial bearing; -arto: heraldry; -ala: heraldic; -libro: book of hearaldry; -izar: to put armorial bearings on; interpretar -o: to explain a blazon. — DEFIS
  • blend-o (min.) blende: sulphuret of zinc. — DEFIRS
  • blez-ar (tr.) to lisp. Def.: Pronuncar s quale th angla o c hispana (t. e. kun la lango-pinto inter la denti). — FI
  • blind-a blind, sightless; (fig.) deluded; ignorant; -o, -ulo, -ino: a b. person; -eso, -igo, -esko: blindness; -e, -atre: blindly; -igar: to cause blindness to; -esar: to be b.; -eskar: to become b.; -a entuziasmo: b. enthusiasm; -a obediemeso: implicit obedience; -o-ludo: blindman’s buff. — DE
  • blog-o blog. Def.: Situo che Interreto, ordinare kreita ed aktualigata da nur un persono, kontenanta artikli, komenti, raporti, edc, ofte anke imaji e *video-dokumenti, ordinare montrata segun inversa kronologial ordino — DEFIRS
  • blok-o block, lump (of wood, stone, iron, etc.); -e: in bulk, in the lump; -ala exkluzo: (sociol.) lock-out; ligna -o: wooden block; komprar, vendar -e: to buy, sell in the lump; -o-veturo: truck (for heavy loads). Def.: La toto di korpo; una amaso granda e pezoza. — DEFIRS
  • blokhaus-o (milit.) blockhouse. — DEF
  • blokus-ar (tr.) to blockade (a port), to invest (a town); -eso, -stando: state of b.; des- -ar: to raise a b. of — DEFIRS
  • blond-a blond, fair-colored; -acha: ‘peroxide blond’. — DEFIRS
  • blotis-ar (intr.) to lie close to the ground, crouch, cower; (cf. squatar). Ex.: Blotisar en angulo; blotisar dop hego o pordo. — F
  • blu-a blue; -o: b. (the color); -eso: blueness (quality); -ema, -atra: bluish; -ajo: something b.; -igar, -eskar, -esar: to make, become, be b.; -et-igar: to b. (linen); azur- -a: azure b.; -ciel- -a: sky-b. — DEFI
  • blut-ar (tr.) to bolt, sift (flour, meal); -ilo: sifter. — F
  • bluz-o blouse (as worn by workers, painters); smock (peasant’s). — DEFIRS
  • bo- indicates relationship by marriage, as bo-patro, father-in-law; bo-fratino, sister-in-law.
  • boa-o (zool.) boa constrictor. — DEFIRS
  • boa-furo boa: a fur comforter.
  • bobin-o bobbin (for winding thread), spool; (cf. spul-ilo). — DEFRS
  • bodruch-o goad-beater’s skin. — F
  • bo-fili-ino daughter-in-law; -ulo: son-in-law.
  • bo-frat-ulo brother-in-law.
  • bogi-o bogie-frame, -truck. Def.: Ensemblo di quar (o du) roti qui formacas vagoneto e surportas l’extremajo di vagono o di lokomotivo. — DEFS
  • Bohemi-a Bohemia; -ano: Bohemian.
  • boikot-ar (tr.) to boycott. — DEFIRS
  • bok-o (anat.) mouth; orifice, opening, entrance (of a utensil, implement, volcano, harbor, etc.); -edo: mouthful; -o sent-ema: a tender m.; -o-peko: m. piece (of musical instruments, etc.); -o-stop-ar: to gag; -o-stop-ilo: a gag; dopa -o: back of m.; -o-tuko: napkin; -o-bruiso: mouth noise (in eating); -o-tuko-ringo: napkin-ring; -o di fus-ilo: the m. of a gun. — FIS
  • bokal-o glass-jar. Def.: Vazo cilindra o cilindratra, ek vitro, sen pedo, kun plato fundo el larja boko, uzata precipue en kemio, farmacio (e por konfituri). — DFIRS
  • bol-o bowl; -edo: b. full. — DEFS
  • «bolero» bolero: a Spanish dance. — DEFIRS
  • bolet-o (bot.) boletus; -o manjebla: esculent b. — DEFIS
  • boli-ar (intr.) to boil: be in a state of ebullition (cf. ebuliar); -igar: to boil (ulo); -o-karno: boiling-beef; -o-poto: kettle; -o-tubo: boiler-tube: -o-varma: boiling hot; ante -ar l’aquo murmuras: the water sings before boiling; -o-punto: boiling point. — EFIS
  • bolid-o (astr.) bolide: brilliant meteor. — DEFIRS
  • Bolivi-a Boliva; -ano: Bolivian.
  • bolt-o bolt: long iron-pin; -agar: (tr.) to bolt (ulo); -ifar: to make b.s.; -izar: to put a b. on. — DER
  • bo-matr-o mother-in-law.
  • bomb-o bomb (-shell); -if-isto: b. maker; -espruva: b.-proof. — DEFIRS
  • bombard-ar (tr., milit.) to bombard; -ilo: bombarding instrument, as a mortar (cf. obus-kanono); -o-galioto: b.-ketch. — DEFIRS
  • bombicil-o waxwing.
  • bombinator-o orange-speckled toad (Bombinator igneus). — FSL
  • bon-a good; -e: well; -ega: exquisite, excellent; -o, -ulo, -ino: a g. person; -eso: goodness; -acha: silly, simple; -ajo: a g. thing; -igar: to make (ulu, ulo) g.; plu- -igar: to better; -eskar: to become, grow g. or better; -igo, -esko: betterment, improvement; -a stando: (state of) well-being; lo bona: The Good (abstract); maxim -a posible: as g. as possible; -anma: g. souled, g. natured, gentle; -a Deo: good God; bon-facar: (intr.) to do g., be a benefactor; (tr.) to do good to (ulu); bon-faco: benefaction, good-office, benefit, favor; bon-fac-anto, -ero: benefactor; bon-facem-eso: beneficence; bon-fac-anta, -era, -ema: beneficient, beneficial; bon-humor-a: genial, good-tempered (fig.) jolly, playful, sprightly; dicar o dezirar bon-jorno: to wish good-day, good-morning (ad ulu); bon-odor-ar: (intr.) to smell sweet or nice; bon-odor-izar: to perfume, scent; bon-semblanta: well seeming, specious; bon-ven-o, -anta, -oza: welcome; bon-viv-anto: bon-vivant, high-liver; bon-volar: (intr.) to be kindly disposed, (tr.) to wish well to (ulu); bon-volo: benevolence, good-will. Ant.: mala. — DEFIRSL
  • bonbon-o bonbon: confection, sweet-meat. — DEFIRS
  • bonet-o rimless cap; bonnet (for woman or child); nokto- -o: night-cap; navano- -o: sailor’s cap. Def.: Kapvesto mola, senborda. — EFIS
  • boniment-ar (intr.) to make a mountebank’s speech, claptrap speech. Def.: Bonimento: diskurso fanfaronema, quan facas la sharlatani e feriala aktori por laudar sua vari od aktraktar la publiko. Bonimentar: facar bonimento. — F
  • bonz-o bonze: Buddhist priest. — DEFIRS
  • bo-parent-o wife’s or husband’s relative; -eso: relationship by marriage.
  • bo-patr-o father-in-law.
  • bor-ar (tr.) to bore, pierce (with a turning instrument); -(ad)o: boring (act); -uro: bore (result); -ilo: borer, drill; -il-eto: gimlet. Def.: Truifar kun rotaco (vid. perforar). Bor-ilo esas portata e movata da drilo (vid. drilo). — DER
  • borach-o (bot.) borage (Borago). — DEFIRS
  • borax-o (chem.) borax. — DEFIRS
  • borborigm-o (med.) borborygm: rumbling of water or wind in the stomach. — DEFIS
  • bord-o border, margin, brink, edge, brim, (ship’s) side; -izar: to edge, hem, border (ulo); -umo: trimming, edging, piping, selvedge, (of clothing); -iz-uro: (of ships) planking, sheathing; -o an -o: alongside, edge to edge; reze la bordo: full to the brim; super la -o: over the edge; -o-petro: curb stone. — DEFIRS
  • borde-ar (intr., nav.) to tack (ship), beat to windward. Def.: Avanirar (navo) zigzage kontre la vento. — FIS
  • bore-o (poet.) boreas, north-wind; -ala: boreal. Def.: Mitologiala nomo di la nordvento, de qua venas boreala. — DEFIRS
  • borgez-o bourgeois: a member of the commercial or middle class, townsman, tradesman; -aro: bourgeoisie (collect.); -eso: (quality) bourgeois; -ala: b. (adj.); -igar: to make into a b.; -eskar: to become a b. — DEFIRS
  • born-o terminal (electrical). — FS
  • Borne-o Borneo.
  • boron-o (chem.) boron. — DEFIRS
  • bors-o bourse: stock-exchange; -agento: stock-broker; -o-kurso: b. quotations, market-price; -o-krako: b. panic. — DEFIRS
  • bosaj-o (arch.) bossage, boss-work. — DEFI
  • bosel-ar (tr., tech.) to emboss, chase (plate, leather). Def.: Formacar reliefi en metalo per martelago (de interne). — DEF
  • bosk-o a small wood; -eto: grove, coppice, bosk; -ala, -oza: woody, bosky; -o-bat(ad)o: battue; hunt, beat; querk- -o: a wood of oaks. — DEFIS
  • Bosni-a Bosnia; -ano: Bosnian.
  • boston-o (card-game, dance) boston. — DEFIRS
  • bot-o boot (long, as for riding); -eto: shoe; half-b. (cf. shuo); -izar: to put, pull on boots; -ifar: to make b.s; -vend-erio: b.-selling establ.; -form-iz-ilo: b. tree, -last; -des-met-ilo, bot-tir-ilo: b.jack; laco- -eto: laced shoe; laco di -o: boot-lace; paro de -i: a pair of b.s. Def.: Boto kontenas la gambo, e boteto kontenas l’infra gambo. — EFRS
  • botanik-o botany; -ala gardeno: botanical garden; -isto: botanist. — DEFIRS
  • botaniz-ar (intr.) to botanize, herborize. Def.: Kolektar por la botanikal studio (ne praktikar o studiar la botaniko). — DEFIRS
  • botel-o bottle; -eto: small b. (for drugs, etc.); -ego (grosa): carboy; -fak-aro: bottle-rack; (fg.) wine-bin. V. exp.: Flakono esas mikra botelo, kun stopilo generale vitra o metala. Fialo esas mem min granda, kun streta kolo (boko), quale on uzas precipue por farmacial liquidi. — DEFIRS
  • Botswan-a Botswana. — DEFIRS
  • botulism-o botulism. — DEFIRS
  • bov-o a beef; bull, cow, ox; -ulo: bull, ox; -ino: cow; -yuno: calf; -yun-ino: heifer; -karno: beef, meat; -eyo, -stablo: cattle stall or stable; -gardisto, -duktisto: cowherd, drover; -ala: bovine; -o-feko: cow-dung; -o-lumbo: sirloin; laktifanta, lakto- -ino: milch-cow. — EFIS
  • box-ar (tr.) to box; -anto, -ero: boxer; -isto: pugilist; -uro: boxing-blow; -o-gant-(eg)o: boxing-glove; -o-kombat-o: boxing-match. — DEFR
  • boy-o (nav.) buoy; -ego: large buoy; bollard; salv- -o: life buoy. — DEFIRS
  • boyar-o (title) boyar(d). — DEFIRS
  • Brabant Brabant; -ano: Brabantian.
  • brac-o (nav.) brace of a yard; -agar: to brace (a rope of a yard). — DEFIS
  • bracelet-o bracelet. — DEFIRS
  • brach-o (knee-) breeches, knickerbockers (cf. pantalono); -izar: to but b. on; sen- -igar, des- -izar: to take b. off; -if-isto: b. maker; -junt-uro: flat of b. — EFIS
  • bradip-o (zool.) bradypus: the sloth. — EFIS
  • brak-o brach-hound; Def.: Speco di chas-hundo, rezapila e oreli pendanta. — DEFIS
  • braki-o arm (anat. and fig. as a. of sea); -ala: brachial; -edo: armful; -umo: brassard, armlet (to show function or office); -o-truo: a.hole; ye -o-disto: at arm’s length; kun -i inter-plektita: a. in a. — DEFIS
  • brakicefal-a brachycephalous. — DEFIRS
  • brakiopod-o brachiopod. — DEFIS
  • brakistokron-o (math.) brachistrochrone. — DEFI
  • brakte-o (bot.) bract(ea). — DEFIS
  • bram-ar (intr.) to make the characteristic call of any animal, except that of the dog, fox, cat, cock, crow, frog, hen; -(ad)o: bellowing (of a bull); lowing (of cows); braying (of an ass); bleating (of sheep); neighing (of a horse); (fig.) roaring, yelling (of a mob). Def.: vorto generala por omna krii di bestii. — FIS
  • braman-o Brahman; -ismo: Brahmanism. — DEFIRS
  • bran-o bran; -o-pano: b.bread. — EF
  • branch-o (also geom., genal.) bough, branch (cf. ramo); -aro: boughs, branches, ramifications; -eto: twig; -oza: branchy; -ifar: to produce branches; -igar: to cause to b.; -izar: add a b. to (a gas or water-main); komerco- -o: b. of commerce; -o-fasko: bundle of fagots; -o-taliar, -tranchar, sen- -igar: to trim, prune, cut off the b.s; (cf. emundar); -o-voyo: b. way, connecting road; sen- -a: branchless. (Note: for branch of knowledge fako). — DEFIR
  • brand-o (fire-)brand; a piece of wood partly burnt; -o-agitar: to stir up, poke the fire. — DEFI
  • brandi-o brandy. — DEF
  • brandis-ar (tr.) to brandish, flourish (a sword, etc.). — EFIS
  • brankard-o; -i shaft(s) (of a cart, wagon, etc.) V. exp.: Brankardo ne esas timono: veturo havas, od un timono (por du kavali) o du brankardi (por un kavalo, o tri kavali). — F
  • branki-o (zool.) branchia: gill. — EFIS
  • brankiopod-o (zool.) branchiopod. — DEFIS
  • bras-ar (tr.) to stir: mix up ingredients; (fig.) to concoct, contrive, polot, (schemes, plots, etc.); afer- -isto: company promoter, etc. Ex.: Brasar oro ed arjento en la kruzelo. — FIS
  • brav-a brave, valiant, valorous, bold; -(ul)o: a b. person; -eso: (quality) bravery; -ajo: a b. act; -acho: swaggerer, blusterer; -e: bravely; (interj.) bravo! — DEFIRS
  • bravur-ario (mus.) bravura (-air). — DEF
  • braz-ar to braze: join with spelter (hard solder). V. exp.: vid. weldar. — EF
  • Brazili-a Brazil; -ano: Brazilian.
  • brech-o breach, break, gap, opening (in a wall, etc.) dento-brech-oza: gap-toothed; -izar: to make a breach, gap in (ulo). — DEFIRS
  • brek-o break; light wagonette. — DEFIS
  • brelan-o brelan: a card game. — DFI
  • brem-o (ich.) bream (Abramis Brama). — EFS
  • bretel-o strap (to carry a knapsack, pack, etc.) strap, sling (for a musket, rifle); brace, suspender (to hold up trousers); -i, paro: a pair of suspenders, braces. — FI
  • Breton-a Breton; -o: a Breton; -ia: Brittany.
  • brev-o (pope’s) brief. — DEFIRS
  • breviar-o (rel.) breviary. — DEFIS
  • brez-o embers, live coals; -koquar: to broil, braise (in e.); -uyo, -koquilo: broiler, braiser; -baseno: brazier, warming-pan. Def.: Ligno konvertita en karbono per komusto, sive ardoranta, sive extingita. — EFIS
  • brid-o bridle (of a horse) (fig.) check, curb; -eto: snaffle-b.; -izar: to a b. on; -agar: (fig.) to check. — EFIS
  • brig-o (nav.) brig; -seglo: spanker. — DEFIRS
  • brigad-o (milit.) brigade; -generalo: brigadier-general. — DEFIRS
  • brigantin-o (nav.) brigantine. — DEFIRS
  • brik-o brick; -eto, karbon- -o: briquette, patent fuel; -ea: b. colored; -izar: to b. up; -ifar: to make b.s; -if-erio: b.-kiln, -yard; -o polisanta: bathbrick; -o-mason-isto: brickmason; -imit-uro: b. imitation; -konstruktado, -masonado: brick-laying. — DEFR
  • bril-ar (intr.) to shine: emit or reflect light; be luminous, bright, brilliant, radiant; to glitter, glisten (cf. cin-til-ifar); -o, -eso: sheen, shining, brilliancy; -egar: to be resplendent, to glare; -anta stilo: brilliant style; Ex.: La suno, steli, oro, okuli brilas. — DEFIS
  • briliant-o (gem.) brilliant, diamond. — DEFRS
  • brin-o short end or bit (of a cord, rope); Def.: Parto (seciono o segmento) di kordo. — FS
  • brioch-o brioche; a buttered cake or roll. — F
  • brisk-a brisk, lively, sprightly. — E
  • Britan-a British (ancient); -o: Briton; -ia: Great Britain; -iano: British person.
  • briz-o breeze (of wind); -oza: breezy. — DEFIRS
  • brizant-o sunken-reef, -rock. V. exp.: Rifo salias super l’aquo, ma brizanto esas rokajo reze l’aquo, sur qua la ondi ruptesas. — F
  • broch-o brooch; -o-pinglo: breast-pin, scarf-pin; safety-pin. — DEFRS
  • brod-ar (tr.) to embroider: ornament with figures, needle-work. — EFS
  • brokant-ar (intr.) to deal in second-hand goods; -isto, -ero: broker: second-hand dealer. — EF
  • brokat-o (fabric) brocade. — DEFIRS
  • brokatel-o (fabric and min.) brocatel. — DEFIRS
  • brokoli-kaulo broccoli: a hardy variety of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea botrytis). — DEFI
  • brom-o (chem.) bromine. — DEFIRS
  • bromid-o (chem.) bromide. — DER
  • bronki-o (anat.) bronchus; -ala: bronchial; -i: bronchia. — DEFIRS
  • bronkit-o (med.) bronchitis. — DEFIRS
  • brontosaur-o brontosaurus. — DEFIRS
  • bronz-o bronze; -ea: b. colored; -izar: to bronze; -o gis-ita: cast in b. — DEFIRS
  • bros-ar (tr.) to brush (the hair, etc.); -ilo: a b. — EFS
  • brosh-ar (tr.) to stitch, sew (books); -uro: brochure: pamphlet stitched, with paper covers; (cf. pamfleto); -ita; stitched, in paper covers. — DEFR
  • brov-o eye-brow, brow; -ala: superciliary; -oza: thick-browed; -agar, -movar, -kontraktar: to knit one’s b.s to frown, flinch. — DER
  • bru-o husk, shell (of nuts). Def.: Verda shelo (generale, di nuco). — F
  • bruet-o wheelbarrow; -agar, -portar: to wheel in a b. — F
  • bruis-ar (intr.) to make a noise: rustle, rattle, rumble, clatter, hum; -(ad)o: noise of any kind, but chiefly when loud or disagreeable; rattle, rumbling, roaring, whistling (of wind); report (of a gun); bang, slam (of a door), etc; -ego: a loud noise; crash, din, tumult, uproar; -etar: to rustle, murmur; -igar: to cause (ulo) to make a noise, to rattle. — F
  • brul-ar (tr., intr.) to burn: consume with fire (wood, coal, oil); to wound or injure with fire; to scorch, parch, dry up; (fig.) to be inflamed (with passion), to be ardent; -(ad)o: burning (act); -eso: burning (taste, smell); blight; -brul-oleo: lamp oil, coal oil, kerosene; brul-spegulo: burning glass; -ajo: a burnt object; -ita: burnt; -uro, -vund-uro: a burn; -ebla: combustible, inflammable; -odoro: smell of burning; Ex.: La Romani brulis Carthage. La suno brulas la planti. V. exp.:Brular esas la vulgara, kombustar esas la ciencala vorto. On uzas brular ne nur por kombusti videbla, kun flamo, ma anke por la vundi facita da bolianta aquo. Altraparte, on uzas kombustar por omna oxidigo, mem nerapida e nevidebla: ex: la respirado esas kombusto; explozo esas anke kombusto. Nur la vulgara vorta uzesas metafore; on dicas ‘Me kordio brulas de amo.’ On povas dicar, ke ulo kombustar sen brular, se ol nek flamifas nek ardoras (t.e. divenas fairoreda). — F
  • brun-a brown; dusky, swarthy (complexioned), dark (haired); -ino: a dark (dark-haired, dark-complexioned) woman; -et-ino: brunette; -atra: brownish; -igar: to make b., darken; (fig.) to sunburn; -reda: red-brown, baycolored; -or-a, -ea: golden b.; -eskar: to turn b. — DEFIR
  • Brunei Brunei. — DEFIRS
  • brunis-ar (tr., tech.) to burnish (brass, gold, etc.). Def.: Procedo por polisar metali. — DEFIS
  • Brunsvig Brunswick (Duchy of).
  • brusk-a brusque: gruff, abrupt, blunt (in address or manners); -a departo: abrupt departure; -a repliko: a gruff reply; -eso: abruptness, rudeness; -ajo: offensive language, act or manner. — DEFIS
  • brut-o brute (animal; fig. of man); -ala: brutal; -al-eso: brutality (cf. besti-al-eso); -al-ajo: an act of brutality; -igar: to brutalize; -eskar: to become brutalized; -atra, -ema: brutish; -ig-anta: brutalizing; -ale traktar: to treat (ulu) brutally. — EFIS
  • bub-o a street Arab; -ino: gypsy-like girl; gamine, hoyden; -ulo: gamin; -acho: young scamp, blackguard. Def.: Mizeroza o malicoza puero vaganta en la stradi. — D
  • bubal-o (zool.) bubalis: African antelope (Bubalis). — EFIRS
  • bubon-o (med.) bubo; -ala,-oza pesto: bubonic plague. — DEFIRS
  • buch-ar (tr.) to butcher, slaughter (animals); -erio: abattoir. — EF
  • bud-ar (intr.) to be sulky, sullen, look sour (cf. facar muzelo); -(ad)o: sulking; -era, -ero, -ema, -emo: sulky (person). Def.: Manifestar nekontenteso, mala humoro per silenco, agado, expreso di la fizionomio. Ex.: La puero budas, nam ilua matro ne permisas ke il ludas. — F
  • budjet-o (fin.) budget. — DEFR
  • buduar-o boudoir: lady’s private room. — DEFR
  • buf-ar (intr.) to swell, puff out; to distend (as cheeks by blowing); to stand out (as stout silks, starched muslin, etc.); -igar: to cause to puff, swell out; stofo buf-anta: stuff that stands out well (does not cling to the figure). — DF
  • bufal-o (zool.) buffalo; -ledro: b. leather, hide. — DEFIS
  • bufet-o buffet: refreshment room (at balls, R.R. stations, etc.). — DEFR
  • bufon-o buffoon, jester, clown, merry-andrew; -ala, -atra: buffoonlike, facetious; -aji: buffoonery; -esar: to be a b.; (fig.) to be jocose; -opera: opera bouffe; -kant-isto: comic singer; facar -aji: to play the b.; make jests. — DEFRS
  • bufr-o buffer (as on R.R.). — DER
  • *bug-ar (tr.) to bugger. Def.: Koitar en l’anuso.
  • bugl-o key-bugle. Def.: Trumpeto kun klavi. — DEFS
  • bugran-o buckram. Def.: Tolo forta e rigida (gumizita). — EFIS
  • buh-o great-owl, eagle-owl (Bubo maximus).
  • buji-o candle (made from wax, etc.); (surg.) bougie. — DEFS
  • buket-o bouquet, nosegay; -uyo, -vaso: b.holder. — DEFR
  • Bukhari-a Bokhara.
  • bukl-o buckle (of girdle, shoe, etc.); -o-pinto: tongue of b.; -agar: to b. — EFIRS
  • bukmaker-o bookmaker, bookie. Def.: Profesionisto dil pariado ye kavalo-konkurso-kuri. — DEFI
  • bukolik-o bucolic (poem). — DEFIS
  • bul-o ball (as for play in billiards, baseball, etc.); -eto: small ball, marble pellet (not E. bullet, vid. kuglo); -o-ludo: ball play; aero-bul(et)o: air-bubble; niv- -o: snowball. B. exp.: vid. balono. — EFS
  • bulb-o (bot. anat.) bulb; -oza, -atra: bulbous. — EFIS
  • buldog-o bulldog. — DEF
  • buldozer-o bulldozer. — DEFIRS
  • buletin-o bulletin. Def.: Mikra jurnalo, revuo, o periodala raporto. — DEFIS
  • Bulgari-a Bulgaria; -ano: Bulgarian.
  • bulimi-o (med.) boulimia. Def.: Nenaturala, nesaturebla apetito. — EFIS
  • bulin-o (nav.) bowline. Def.: Kordo qua tensas la seglo per l’infra angulo. — DEF
  • bulion-o broth, bouillon (clear beef soup). — DEFRS
  • bul-letro (papal) bull. bulb-o: — EF
  • bulvard-o boulevard. — DEFIR
  • bumerang-o boomerang. — DEFIRS
  • bunt-a many-colored; motley, streaked, checkered, piebald, dappled; -igar, -izar: to varigate (with colors), to streak (with many colors). — D
  • bur-o short-hair or other materials used in stuffing saddle-pads, making mortar, etc.; wad, wadding (for guns); -izar: to wad, tamp, pad, stuff; -iz-ilo: tamping-bar; ramrod. Def.: Amaso de pili, sive di animali, sive di ula lana o silka stolo; to quon on pozas sur la kargajo di la pafili. — FIS
  • burask-o (nav.) squall; (fig.) outburst of passion. Def.: To ne esas ventego, nek tempesto, ma subita e neduranta ventobato. — FIS
  • burbilion-o core (of boil or abcess). — F
  • burdon-o humble-, bumble-bee. (Bombus) — F
  • burel-o frieze, baize: a coarse woollen fabric. — FIS
  • buret-o (tech.) burette: graduated measuring glass. — DEFS
  • burg-o borough, market-town. — EFS
  • burgrav-o (title) burgrave. — DEFIS
  • Burgund-a Burgundian (ancient); -ia: Burgundy; -iano: Burgundian (modern).
  • burjon-o burgeon, bud; -oza: budded, full of buds; -ifar: to bud. — EF
  • burlesk-a burlesque; ludicrous; -ajo, la -a: a b. — DEFIS
  • Burm-a Burma; -ano: Burmese.
  • burnus-o bernouse, Arab cloak. — DEFR
  • burokrat-o bureaucrat; -ala: bureaucraatic; -aro, -ismo: bureaucracy; (fig.) -ach-ismo: red-tapism. — DEFIS
  • burs-o purse, wallet, pocket-book; -o-furt-isto, -ero: cut-purse, pick-picket. Def.: Saketo por portar moneti en la posho. — DEFIS
  • Burundi Burundi. — DEFIRS
  • bus-o (bot.) box(-wood) tree (genus Buxus); -ligna, -o: box-wood. — DEFIRS
  • bush-o thicket, spinney (cf. arbusto); -eyo, -agro, -bosko, -lando: bush-land. — DEFI
  • bushel-o bushel. — EFR
  • busk-o busk: corset stays. — EF
  • busol-o (mariner’s) compass; -buxo: binnacle. — DFI
  • busprit-o bowsprit. — DEFIRS
  • bust-o bust: head and shoulders of body, or as represented in sculpture and painting. — DEFIRS
  • bustrofedon-o boustrophedon; an ancient mode of writing. — DEF
  • but-ar (intr.) to stumble, butt, knock, run, strike (sur, kontre ulo); -ilo, -bufro: buffer: anything so placed as to act as a stop; -stono, -ig-ilo: stumbling-block; -juntar, -pozar: to butt-joint; adjust two boards side by side or end for end so as not to overlap (opp. to clinker-build); (cf. klinar); kapo-, pedo- -ar: to strike with the head or foot (cf. mis-pazar). Ex.: Ca kavalo butas ye singla pazo. — EF
  • butan-o butane. — DEFIRS
  • butik-o (Eng.) shop; (U.S.) store; -isto: tradesman, shopkeeper; -serv-isto: shop-boy, -assistant; -komizo: (shop-) clerk. — FI
  • butono-o button (of a garment); -agar: to b.; -izar: to fasten b. on; -ifar: to make b.s; -truo: b.hole; -tir-ilo: b. hook; kolumo- -o: collar-stud; paramento- -o: cuff-link. — EFIS
  • butor-o (orni.) bittern (genus Botaurus). — F
  • butr-o butter; -ifar: to b. (ulo); -if-eyo: b. dairy; -uyo: b. dish, b. holder; -if-ilo: churn; -o-lakto: b. milk; -iz-ita pano: (a slice of bread and b.). — DEFIR
  • buvrel-o (orni.) bullfinch (Pyrrhula vulgaris, P. rubicilla). — F
  • bux-o box; letro- -o: letter-b.; -o-kovrilo: b. cover. — DE
  • buzard-o buzzard (genus: Buteo vulgaris). — DEFS


C

  • c.e. (=co esas) i.e. (that is to say).
  • ca, -o (pl. ci) abbreviation of ica, ici.
  • car-o czar or czarina; -ino: czarina; -ulo: c.; -ido: child of c.; czarevitch; -ala: relating to the c. — DEFIRS
  • ced-ar (tr.) to cede, yield (up); give (up); to assign (property);(cf. alienar); -o: yielding, relinquishment; -ema: conciliatory; -ebla: transferable, assignable; -ario: grantee, assignee. — EFIS
  • cedili-o (gram.) cedilla. — DEFIRS
  • cedr-o (bot.) cedar (-tree). — DEFIRS
  • cedrat-o (fruit) cedrate: a kind of citron (cf. citrono); -iero: c. tree; -konfit-ajo: candied c. — DEFIS
  • cedul-o cedula, private memorandum, note — EFIRS
  • cefalopod-o (zool.) cephalopod. — DEFIS
  • cek-o (anat.) caecum. — EFIRS
  • cel-ar (tr.) to hide, secrete, conceal, keep secret; -ita: hidden, clandestine; -e, -eme: secretly, by stealth; -etar, -achar: (intr.) to be sly, affect mystery; -ach-em-(ul)o: a sly or mysterious person; cele pafar: to shoot from cover; celo-trovo: (game) hide and seek; ludar ye celo-trovo: to play at hide-and seek. Ant.: revelar, montrar, divulgar. — EFIS
  • celebr-ar (tr.) to celebrate, commemorate. Ex.: Celebrar mariajo, funero, jubileo, aniversario, meso. — DEFIS
  • celeri-o (bot.) celery. — DEFR
  • celib-a celibate, unmarried; -o, -ulo, -ino: a c.; -eso: celibacy, single life; -ul-eyo: bachelor’s room(s). — DEFIS
  • celofan-o cellophane. — DEFIRS
  • celul-o cell: small room in convent, prison, etc.; small cavity (as in a honey-comb); -ala, -oza: cellular, cellulous. — DEFIRS
  • celuloid-o celluloid. — DEFIRS
  • celulos-o cellulose. — DEFIRS
  • cement-o cement: kind of mortar for building, as Portland c.; -izar: to c.; (of teeth) to fill a cavity with c. — DEFIRS
  • cementac-ar (tr., metall.) to cement: to convert iron into steel, to case-harden; -o: cementation. — DEFIRS
  • cen-o scene, scenery (theat.); -ala: scenic: theatrical, dramatic; -eyo: stage; -o-plano, -aro: scenario; en- -igar: to put (ulo) on the stage; la -o chanjas: the s. changes; la -o esas en Roma: the s. is in Rome. — DEFIRS
  • cenobit-o a cenobite. — DEFIS
  • cenotafi-o cenotaph. — DEFIS
  • cens-o ‘cense’: amount of taxes, income, which entitles a person to vote; -o elektala: electoral qualification. Def.: La revenuo evaluata da la statal autoritati, sive por taxo, sive por ula yuro (elektiveso). — DEFIRS
  • censor-o (Roman magistrate) censor. — DEFIRS
  • censur-ar (tr.) to censure (mail, books, plays); -anto, -isto: censor. — DEFIRS
  • «cent» (money) cent (pl. cent-i). — DEFIRS
  • cent-o one hundred; (in reckoning interest or fractional parts) cent.; -opl-a, -o: centuple, a hundredfold; -imo: a hundredth part (for other derivatives cf. duo); -esma aniversario: centenary; -yara: centennial; -yar-ulo, -ino, -iero: centenarian; yar-cento: a century; mi-yar- -o: a half-century; tri po cento: three per cent. — DEFIRS
  • centaur-o (aston., myth.) centaur. — DEFIRS
  • centaure-o (bot.) centaury (Chlora perfoliata Centaurea). — EFIS
  • centezimal-a centesimal (fraction, division). — DEFIRS
  • centi- centi-. Note: this means that some of the roots beginning centi- given in Dyer have now become compounds, i.e. those roots have ceased to exist. Def.: Prefixo indikanta la centima parto. — EFS
  • centiar-o centiare: 1.196 sq. yd. — DEFIRS
  • centifoli-o (bot.) cabbage-rose, centifolious rose (Rosa centifolia). — DEF
  • centigrad-a centigrade. — DEFIS
  • centigram-o centigram. — DEFIRS
  • centilitr-o centiliter (0.61028 cu.in.). — DEFIRS
  • centim-o (money) centime; -serch-isto: pinch-penney, curmudgeon. — DEFIRS
  • centimetr-o centimeter (0.3937 in.). — DEFIRS
  • centon-o (mus., litr.) cento. — DEF
  • centr-o (also fig.) center; -ala: central; -al-igar: to centralise; -al-ig(ad)o: centralization; -al-ig-anta, -ema: centralizing. — DEFIRS
  • centrifug-ar (tr.) to act on something by centrifugal force; -ala: centrifugal. Def.: Agar, traktar per centrifugala forco. — DEFIRS
  • centripet-ala centripetal. — DEFIRS
  • centuri-o (Rom. hist.) century: division of 100 men. — DEFIRS
  • centurion-o (hist.) centurion. — DEFIS
  • cep-o (bot.) boletus edulis, esculent boletus. — F
  • ceptr-o scepter. — DEFIRS
  • cer-o wax-taper, church candle. — EFIS
  • ceramik-o ceramics. — DEFIS
  • cerat-o (pharm.) cerate (ointment). — DEFIS
  • cerber-o (pr. and fig.) Cerberus. — DEFIRS
  • cereal-a, -o cereal. — DEFIS
  • cerebel-o (anat.) cerebellum. — EFIS
  • cerebr-o brain; -ala: cerebral; -ago: cerebration. — DEFIS
  • ceremoni-o ceremony, formalities prescribed by authority or etiquette; -ala: ceremonial; -ema, -oza: ceremonious, formal; -aro, i: ceremonial, etiquette; facar -i: to stand upon ceremonies. — DEFIRS
  • cerfoli-o (bot.) chervil. — FIL
  • ceriz-o cherry; -iero: c. tree; -ea: cerise, c. colored; -ier-eyo:c. orchard. — EFS
  • cerizlaur-o cherry-laurel, laurel-cherry; laurel bay, (Cerasus (prunus) laurocerasus).
  • cern-ar (tr., milit., and fig.) to make a circle or ring around, encircle, to beset on all sides, besiege, beleaguer, blockade, invest, hem in; to cut or dig around (a tree); okuli blu-cern-ita: eyes with dark circles. V.exp: Cernar ne esas simple cirkondar, ma enemike cirkondar ed enklozar, por kaptar. Vorto necesa, ne nur en milital arto, ma metefore en la komuna linguo. — DF
  • cert-a certain, sure, indubitable, positive; -e: certainly, surely, assuredly (cf. sen-dubite); -ajo: a certainty; -eso: certitude, assurance; -igar: to certify: make certain, assure, guarantee; -igo: certification; -ig-ajo, -uro: certificate, testimonal; -ig-anto: certifier, guarantee. — EFIS
  • certen-a certain. Def.: Inter ula e certa, preske certa, certatra. — EF
  • certi-o tree creeper (bird).
  • certifik-ar to certify. Def.: Atestar ulo kom certa, kom autentika. — DEFIS
  • cerumen-o cerumen; ear-wax. — DEFIS
  • ceruz-o ceruse: white-lead. Def.: Sub-karbato di plombo, uzata kom farbo blanka. — EFIS
  • cerv-o deer; -ino: hind, roe; -ulo: stag, hart; -yuno: young d. — FIRS
  • ces (mus.) C flat.
  • ces-ar (tr., intr.) to cease; to come to an end, leave off, stop; -igar: to put a stop or an end to, discontinue; -o: cessation; -igo: discontinuation; sen- -a: unceasing. — EFIS
  • cesi-o (chem. elem.) caesium. — DEFIRS
  • cest-o (Rom. antiq.) cestus. — DEFI
  • cetace-o (zool.) cetacean animal. — DEFIS
  • ceter-o, -i (indefinite adjective-pronoun) rest, remainder; -e: besides, moreover, for that matter, in other respects; e ceter-i, -e: (e.c.) et cetera (etc.) — L
  • Ceylon Ceylon; -ano: Cingalese.
  • Cezar-ala Caesarean; -ismo: Caesarism; -ala operaco: C. operation.
  • cezur-o (verse) caesura. — DEFIS
  • chagren-ar (intr.) to grieve, to have sorrow; -igar: to grieve, render gloomy, sadden; -o: grief, sorrow: mental suffering (cf. doloro); -anta: sorrowful, sad. Ant. chagreno: joyo, gayeso. — F
  • chak-o (milit. headdress) shako. — DEF
  • chaket-o ‘jacquet’; a kind of backgammon. — FS
  • chalaz-o (bot., embryol.) chalaza. — DE
  • chalenj-o challenge-cup (N.B. not the E. ‘challenge’ (cf. defio). Def.: (Premio en) konkurso en qua la premio ne donesas, ma prestesas dum tempo a la vinkinto, til ke altra partiso vinkas ica e konquestas la premio. — F
  • cham-o (zool.) chamois (Rupicapra tragus); -o-pelo: shammy-skin, chamois-leather; -ea: shammy color, buff. — EF
  • chamad-o chamade: trumpet or drum signal for parley. — DEFR
  • chamar-o (coat) polonaise. Def.: Speco di redingoto kun transversa kordoni avane, polona vesto de revolucional epoko dil XIX yarcento. — S
  • chambelan-o chamberlain. — EFIS
  • chambr-o chamber, room; (fig.) a house of parliament; -eto: small room; -aro: rooms (collect.), a suite; -o mobl-iz-ita: a furnished room; -o di komerco: c. of commerce; -o di deputati: c. of deputies; -o-robo: dressing-gown; -o-serv-isto: valet; -o-(serv)ist-ino: chambermaid; manjo- -o: dining room; balno- -o: bath-room. — EFI
  • champani-o champagne (wine). — DEFIRS
  • Champani-a Champagne; -ano: (man) of C.
  • champinion-o champignon (mushroom). Def.: Genero de fungi dil familio agaricenei, manjebla. — DEF
  • champion-o champion; -eso: championship; -o per libereso: c. of liberty; lukto- -o: c.wrestler. — DEF
  • chanc-o (good or bad) chance, luck, fortune; possibility; la -i di milito: the fortunes of war; probar la -o: to run the risk, take a chance; la -i di morto en la diversa evi: the chances (probabilities) of death at different ages. — DEFI
  • chanfren-o face of a horse (or other animal, from ears to nostrils). Def.: Avana parto di kapo di kavalo. — EF
  • chanj-ar (tr., intr.) to change, shift; (cf. kambiar, permutar, alterar); -ebla, -ema: changeable, mutable, fickle. Def.: Substitucar ula kozo ad altra en un sama loko o funciono, anke prenar un kozo vice altra, o pos altra. Ulo chanjas, kande, restante la sama esence, ol recevas altra stando, figuro, o qulaeso. Ex.: Me chanjas mea vesti. Me chanjas la tapiso. El chanjas sua kofio. On chanjas sua fako, vagono, treno, lojeyo (co nule signifikas ke on alteras ta kozi o transformas li; on livas li generale nealterita). Ant.: mantenar, restar, konservar. — EFI
  • chankr-o (med.) chancre. — DEFR
  • chant-o the small side or edge of a large flat body; libro pozita sur chanto: a book placed on end or edge. Def.: Laterala, streta edro di korpo larja e plata. — DF
  • chao ciao. (interjeciono). Expresuro di saluto neformal qua uzesas kande on separas su de ulu (= til la rivido) — DEFIRS
  • chap-o ferrule, cap; (ch. vest) cope; (arch.) coping. — DFS
  • chapel-o hat (with brim all around, for man or woman); -uyo, -buxo: hat-holder, -box; -if-isto: hat-maker; -vend-isto: hat-seller; -levo, -saluto: a lifting of hat; deprenar la -o: to take off, remove the hat; -o tri-korna: a three-cornered hat; klerik- -o: clerical hat. — FI
  • chapitr-o chapter (of a book). — DEFIRS
  • chaplet-o chaplet, rosary. — I
  • char-o (antiq.) chariot; (modern) a two wheeled cart or a four wheeled ornamented car; -eto: any light two wheeled cart, jaunting-car, cariole; -edo: cart-load; dukt-isto: carter; -(et)agar: to cart (ulo); bovo- -o: ox-cart; funerala -o: hearse; triumfala -o: triumphal car. — DEFIS
  • chariot-o good van, truck: four-wheeled sided wagon for carrying goods; -agar: to cart, truck. Def.: Kargo-veturo kun quar roti. — F
  • charj-ar (tr.) to load, burden (somebody or something with something), to load (a gun), lade (a vehicle); charjo-bestio: beast of burden; -eg-ita: overloaded; super- -ar: to overload. V. exp.: On kargas vari sur veturo e charjas veturo per vari. — EFIS
  • charm-ar (tr.) to charm: delight, captivate, enchant; (cf. ravisar, facinar, sorcar); -o, -eso: charm, enchantment; -anto, -ero: charmer; -anta, -iva: charming, delightful, pleasing; -egar: to ravish, greatly enchant. — EF
  • charnir-o hinge (of a door, a box, etc.); (mechan.) joint (as compasses); universal -o: (mechan.) universal joint (cf. gondo). — DFIRS
  • chart-o charter: document granting special rights or privileges. — DEFIRS
  • chas-ar (tr., intr.) to chase: hunt; -ajo: game; -ant-aro: hunting party; -er-ino: huntress; -fusilo: fowling-piece; -gard-isto: gamekeeper; -hundo: hunting-dog. — EFIS
  • chast-a chaste: untainted by lewdness; (fig.) refined, pure (in taste, style); -eso: chastity. — EFIS
  • chazubl-o (eccl.) chasuble. — EF
  • che (prep) at, to, in (somebody’s house, home, or place), with (to indicate customs); che la bakisto: at the baker’s; venez che me: come to my house; hiere me esis che mea onklulo: yesterday I was at my uncle’s; che la Spartani esis kustumo expozar febla infanti: it was customary with the Spartans to expose weakly infants. — F
  • chef-o chief, leader, head; -a: chief (of things; cf. precipua); -ala: chief’s, relating to the leader; chief; -eso: (position, authority) leadership; -esar: to be chief, be in command; -injerioro: chief engineer; -a klefo: master-key; -kontrolisto: superintendent, comptroller, overseer; -ministro: prime minister, premier; -sacerdoto: chief priest; -urbo: chief town, capital (cf. metropolo). — DEFRS
  • chek-o (bank-) check, cheque; -o-kayero: c. book. — DEFRS
  • Chek-a Czech; -o: a Czech; -o-Slovaki-a: Czechoslovakia.
  • chelat-o (helmet) sallet. Def.: Speco di kasko uzata en la mezepoko e 16ª yarcento. — EFIS
  • cher-a dear (in price), costly; -eso: dearness, high price; (plu-) -igar: to cause (ulo) to raise in price; -eskar: to become, grow dearer. Def.: Multe kustanta. Ant. chipa. — FIS
  • cherp-ar (tr.) to draw liquids; (cf. rakar); (fig.) to take, borrow. Ex.: Cherpar aquo de fonto, de rivero. Cherpar vino de barelo. La autoro cherpas peco de altra autoro. — R
  • chevron-o (arch.) chevron (fig.) any inverted V-shaped object, as a rafter. — EFRS
  • chifchaf-o chiffchaff. — E
  • chifr-ar (tr.) to write in secret cipher (cf. kriptografar); -o: cipher: secret mode of writing; des- -ar: to translate from cipher; (cf. dechifrar). V. exp.: Chifrar expresas l’ago kompozar kriptografuro, t.e. sekreta texto, qua tradukas la vera texto per ula moyeno o regulo nomita klefo. Dechifrado ne esas l’inversa ago di chifrar, ma la deskrovo di la klefo e la traduko di la kriptografuro. — DEF
  • chig-o (ent.) chigoe, jigger (Sarcopsylla penetrans). — EFS
  • chik-a chic, stylish and original, natty, smart; -eso: chic, knack, skill, address (in doing anything); originality and taste (as in dress). — DEFR
  • chil-o (physiol.) chyle. — DEFIRS
  • Chili Chile; -ano: Chilean.
  • chim-o (physiol.) chyme. — DEFIRS
  • chimpanze-o (zool.) chimpanzee. — DEFIRS
  • chinchil-o chinchilla (animal). — DEFIRS
  • Chini-a China; -ano: Chinese; Chini-inko: Indian ink.
  • chinion-o chignon: back hair of a woman. — DEF
  • chip-a cheap, low (in price). Def.: Poke kustanta. Ant.: chera. — E
  • Chipr-o Cyprus; -ano: Cypriot.
  • chitin-o (biol.) chitin. — DEFIS
  • choan-o choana, posterior nares. — DEFIS
  • chokolad-o chocolate. — DEFIRS
  • chom-ar (tr., intr.) to be out of work, to suspend work on, to rest from work; -(ad)o: remaining idle from want of work; -eso: (state) cessation or want of work. Ex.: On chomas la sundii. La laboristi chomas pro blokal exkluzo. — F
  • chopin-o a beer glass (containing about a pint); (fig.) a pint; -edo: a pintful. — DE
  • chose-o roadway, causeway, travelling part (for horses, carriages, etc.). — DF
  • chuv-o (orni.) jackdaw (Corvus monedula).
  • cian-o (chem.) cyanogen; -a acido: cyanic acid. — DEF
  • cianhidr-a cianhydric, hydrocyanic, prussic.
  • cianid-o cyanide. — DER
  • ciatik-a sciatic; -nevralgio: sciatica.
  • cibernetik-o cybernetics. — DEFIRS
  • cibol-o (bot.) cibol, a kind of onion. (Allium fistulosum). — DEFIRS
  • cibori-o (eccl.) pyx, ciborium. — DEFI
  • cicisbe-o cicisbeo. Def.: Amoranto di siorino, qua esas quaze oficale agnoskata e servas el publike. — DEFIRS
  • cidr-o cider. — DEFIRS
  • ciel-o (pr. and fig.) sky, heaven; -ala: celestial, heavenly; danko a la -o: thanks to heaven, to God! -blua: sky-blue; -skrap-ero: sky-scraper; -vulto: the celestial vault. — FIS
  • cienc-o science; -ala: scientific; -oz-(ul)o, isto: scientist, savant; learned or erudite person in any branch of knowledge; -ist-acho: pedant; -oz-ega: most learned. Def.: Savo exakta e sistemigita pri ula temo o grupo di temi, qua relatas la arti libera (gramatiko, logiko, muziko, e.c.). — EFIS
  • cifr-o digit (1, 2, 3, 4; I, II, III, etc.); -o-plako: dial-plate (with numbers; cf. skalo-plato); -eto: small number at side of a larger number, as 32. Def.: Tipo o signo qua reprezentas nombro (Araba o Romana). — DEFIRS
  • cigan-o gipsy. — DFIR
  • cign-o swan; -eto, -yuno: cygnet; -o-kanto: s.song; -o-kolo: s.neck. — EFIS
  • cikad-o (ent.) cicada. — DEFIRS
  • cikatr-o scar, cicatrice: mark remaining from wound or ulcer; -igar, -eskar: to cicatrize. — EFIS
  • cikl-o cycle: time period; velocipede. — DEFIRS
  • ciklamen-o (bot.) cyclamen. — DEFIS
  • ciklit-o cyclitis. — DEFIS
  • cikloid-o (geom.) cycloid. — DEFIRS
  • ciklometri-o (math.) cyclometry. — DEF
  • ciklon-o cyclone, tornado, typhoon; a violent rotary wind. — DEFIRS
  • ciklop-o (myth. and fig.) Cyclops. — DEFIRS
  • ciklotron-o cyclotron. — DEFIRS
  • cikoni-o (orni.) stork (genus: Cyconia). — FISL
  • cikori-o (bot.) chicory (Cichorium). — DEFIRS
  • cikut-o (bot. tree or poison) hemlock (Conium maculatum and species of Cicuta). — L
  • cili-o eyelash; (biol.) cilium; -ala: ciliary; -iz-ita: ciliated.
  • ciliar-a (anat.) ciliary.
  • cilic-o cilice: haircloth (worn in mortification). — DEFIS
  • Cilici-a Cilicia.
  • cilindr-o (geom., tech.) cylinder; -a, -ala, -atra: cylindrical. — DEFIRS
  • cim-o (ent.) (bed-)bug (Cimex lectularius). — IL
  • cimas-o (arch.) cyma, ogee. — DEFIS
  • cimbal-o (mus. instr.) cymbal. — DEFRS
  • cimitar-o scimitar, Oriental saber. — EFIS
  • cinabr-o cinnabar, (in the Fine Arts) vermilion; -ea, -o-reda: vermilion colored. — DEFIRS
  • cinam-o cinnamon (bark); -iero: c. tree; -vino: hippocras. — DER
  • cindr-o ash(es), cinders (of coal); embers (of wood); dust: remains of the dead; (cf. eskarbilo; -ea: ash colored; -o-blonda: pale ashburn; -oza, -atra: ashy; -uyo: ash-holder, -pan, -box; -igar: to reduce (ulo) to ashes, incinerate (cf. kremacar; -igo: incineration; -izar: to cover with ashes; -o-merkurdio: Ash-Wednesday. — EFI
  • cinekamer-o cine-camera. — EIRS
  • cinem-o popular abbr. for cinematografilo or, more especially a moving-picture theater, cinema, picture-house.
  • cinematik-o (physics) kinematics. — DEFIRS
  • cinematograf-ar (tr., intr.) to show moving pictures; -uro: moving picture; -ilo: kinetoscope, bioscope, cinematograph.
  • cinerari-o (bot.) cineraria (Cineraria). — DEFIS
  • cinetik-a kinetic (energy). — DEFIRS
  • cinik-o cynic; -a, -ala, -atra: cynical; -eso: cynicism. — DEFIS
  • cinkl-o dipper (bird). — F
  • cinocefal-o (zool.) cynocephalus: dog-faced baboon (family: Cynocephalus). — EFIS
  • cintil-o spark (of fire); sparkle (of anything shining or vivid); -ifar: to emit sparks, to shine brightly, glitter, glisten, sparkle, flash, twinkle, scintillate. — EFIS
  • cipo (arch.) cippus: small pillar or column. — DEFIRS
  • cipres-o (bot.) cypress(-tree) (genus: Cupressus). — DEFIRS
  • ciprin-o (ich.) cyprinoid, scientific name for the carp: genus: Cyprinus. — EFIS
  • ciraj-o polish (as for boots), (boot-)blacking; -izar: to black or polish (boots); -iz-isto: bootblack. — FIS
  • circinat-a circinate, rolled up like a young fern leaf. — EFS
  • cirk-o circus; -o-kavalo: c. horse. — DEFIRS
  • Cirkasi-a Circassia; -ano: Circassian.
  • cirkl-o circle (cf. rondo); -a, -ala, -atra: circular, round; -o-kurvo, periferio: circumference of a c.; quadratigo di la -o: squaring of c.; jirar -e: to turn in a c. — EFIRS
  • cirkonciz-ar (tr.) to circumcise; -o: circumcision; -ita, -ito: circumcised (person). — EFIS
  • cirkond-ar (tr.) to surround, embrace, encompass (cf. cernar); -anta: surrounding; -ata, -ita: surrounded, enclosed; -anti: (fig.) confidants, friends, relations; Ex.: Me vidas oldi cirkondita da infanti.
  • cirkonflex-a, -o circumflex (accent). — DEFIS
  • cirkonspekt-a circumspect, wary, cautious; -e: cautiously. V. exp.: Cirkonspekta ne esas simple prudenta, ma predenteso desfidema, qua ‘regardas cirkum su’, konsideras omna lateri od elementi ante decidar od agar. Ant.: sen-reflekta, ne-atenc-ema. — EFIS
  • cirkonstanc-o circumstance: a fact, occurence, or condition attending something else; -ala: circumstantial; -i tenu-ig-anta: extenuating circumstances. — EFIS
  • cirkonvalacion-o (fort.) circumvallation. — EFIRS
  • cirkonvolucion-o cirkumvolution; that which is rolled around something (cf. parafrazo). — EFIS
  • cirkuit-o circuit: circumference, compass; roundabout way; (Eng. and U.S.) circuit (of judges); kurta -o: (elec.) short c. Ex.: La cirkuito di ca urbo esas kin kilometri. Irar en cirkuito. — EFIS
  • cirkul-ar (intr.) to circulate: to move around, to flow in a circuitous channel; (of money, etc.) to pass from hand to hand; -igar: to cause to c., move around; (money) put into circulation, issue. Ex.: La sango cirkulas en la korpo. La tero cirkulas cirkum la suno. Cirkulado di idei. — DEFIRS
  • cirkuler-o circular (letter, notice). — DEFIRS
  • cirkum, -e (prep., adv.) around, about, roundabout (place, time, quantity); (cf. proxim); -ajo, -aji: surroundings, environment, frame, setting; (cf. medio) -irar: (tr., intr.) to go or wind around (as an obstacle); -iro, -turno: circuitous way, detour; -klozar: (tr.) to fence around, inclose; -lekar: to lick around (one’s chops), (fig). to gloat over; -muro: inclosure-wall; -navig-(ad)o: circumnavigation; -pola: circumpolar; -skribar: (tr., geom.) to circumscribe; -vicina, -jac-anta: circumjacent. Ex.: Vu mustas vartar cirkume un horo. Vi departos cirkum tri kloki. El spensis cirkume duadek dollar-i. Me promenis en la tre interesant cirkumajo. — L
  • cis (mus.) C sharp. Ant.: trans. — L
  • cis (prep.) on this side of (anything); -e: this side; -a: hither; -alpa: cisalpine; - la ponto: on this side of the bridge
  • cisoid-o (math.) cissoid. — DEF
  • cistercian-o (monk) Cistercian.
  • cistern-o cistern, tank (for storing rain-fall). — DEFIRS
  • cit-ar (tr.) to cite, quote; -(ad)o: citing, citation (act); -ajo: text cited, citation; -ato: author cited; -o-hoketo: quotation mark. V. exp.: On citas autoro repetante lua paroli o texto; on mencionas autoro o libro, kande on nomas li sen citar li. On referas ad autoro, libro, e.c. kande on indikas la loko, en qua trovos ulo aludata o benzonata. On alegas fakti, argumenti, atesti, motivi, por pruvar o por justifikar ulo. — DEFIRS
  • citadel-o (also fig.) citadel. — DEFIRS
  • citar-o (antiq. music) cithara, cithern. — DEFIRS
  • citiz-o (bot.) cytisus. — DEFIRS
  • citodierez-o (biol.) cytodieresis, mitosis.
  • citokin-o cytokine. — DEFIRS
  • citrat-o citrate. — DEFIRS
  • citron-o (fruit) citron, lime; (cf. limono, cedrato); - iero: citron-tree, lime-tree (Citrus); -suko: lime-juice; -liquoro: citron-water (cf. limonado). — DEF
  • citrus-o citrus. — DEFRS
  • civet-o (zool.) civet-cat: (Viverra zibetha). — DEFIRS
  • civil-a civil: pertaining to a citizen and his rights (not milit., or criminal) lay (opposed to ecclesiastical); -(ul)o: civilian; -a kodexo: c. code; -a mariajo: c. marriage; -a stando: civil condition: social state of persons, whether married or single, living or dead, etc. Def.: Civila stando: Ensemblo di la docukumenti, relativa a la sociala stando di singla civitani. — DEFIRS
  • civiliz-ar (tr.) to civilize; -eso: civilization: state of advancement in the arts and sciences (cf. kulturo). — DEFIRS
  • civism-o civism: civic spirit; -ala: civic. V. exp.: Civismo esas devoteso di homo a sua sam-civitani o sam-statani; patriotismo: esas devoteso, amo a patrio. — DEFIS
  • civit-o city: the older, most ancient part of a town (cf. urbo); -ano: citizen; -an-eso: citizenship; -an-igar: to confer the rights of a citizen, (cf. nacion-al-igar): -an-igo: naturalization; -an-ala milito: civil war; -an-ala yuro: common law. — IS
  • ciz-o scissors; -ego: shears; -agar: (tr.) to scissor, shear. — EFI
  • cizel-ar (tr.) to chisel, chase; -ilo: chisel; kava -ilo: gouge (cf. skultar). — DEFIRS
  • «conquistador» conquistador: conqueror of Spanish America.
  • «corpus juris» (jur.) corpus juris: body of the law.


D

  • da (indicating agent after passive verb) la patri esas amata da sua filii: the parents are loved by their children; sendita da Deo: sent by God; trapikita da kuglo: pierced by a bullet; (agent) l’ocido di Caesar da Brutus: the murder of Caesar by Brutus; (authorship) dramati da Shakespeare: dramas by Shakespeare; Da qua esas ta libro? Ol esas da Petro: By whom is that book? It is by Peter. (object of a transitive verb compounded with -igar) me manjigas l’aveno da la kavalo = l’aveno manjesas da la kavalo: I make my horse eat oats; lu kredigis ita rakonto da l’dupo: he palmed this tale off on the dupe (la dupo kredis la rakonto); me sendigas mea letri da mea spozino = igar la spozino sendar mea letri: I make my wife send my letters. Def.: Montras individuo, objekto, kozo o kauzo qua igas, facas od efektigas ulo. V. exp.: vid de. — FI
  • Dacia Dacia.
  • dag-o dirk: a short shord or kind of poniard. — EFIS
  • «dahlia» (bot.) dahlia (genus: Dahlia). — DEF
  • daim-o, -ulo, -ino fallow-deer (Cervus dama). — F
  • daktil-o (poet.) dactyl. — DEFIS
  • dal = da la.
  • Dalmati-a Dalmatia; -ano: Dalmatian.
  • dalmatik-o (vestment) dalmatic. — DEFIRS
  • daltonism-o Daltonism: color-blindness; -ika, -iko: color-blind (peron). — DEFIRS
  • dam-o married or widowed woman; dame; (in cards, chess, checkers) a queen; -i: (game) draughts, checkers; ludar per -i: to play checkers; -o-planko: checker-, draught-board; -igar: (chess, checkers) to crown; -ifar: (checkers) to go to king, (at chess) to go to queen. — DEFIS
  • damask-o (fabric) damask. — DEFIRS
  • damaskin-ar (tr.) to damascene, damaskeen (iron, steel). — DEFIRS
  • damijan-o demijohn; (cf. korbo-botelo). — EFIS
  • damn-ar (tr., theol., fig.) to damn; -ito: person damned, a lost soul. (cf. maledikar, blasfemar) Ex.: Deo damnas la maligni. Doktrino damninda. — DEF
  • damzel-o young lady, miss, maid, damsel; unmarried woman, spinster; (before a proper name) Miss; -acho: wench; honor- -o: maid of honor; kontor- -o: office-girl, -woman; du -i di kinadek yari: two maiden ladies of fifty. — EF
  • Dan-a Danish; -o: Dane; -ia: Denmark.
  • dandi-o dandy: fop; coxcomb. Def.: Homulo eleganta, segun la modo. — DEFR
  • danjer-o danger, peril, jeopardy; -igar, pozar en -o: to endanger, jeopardize; -oza: dangerous. — EF
  • dank-ar (tr.) to thank (ulu, pri, pro ulo); (cf. gratitudar). — DE
  • dans-ar (tr., intr.) to dance. — DEFRS
  • Danubi-o the Danube.
  • dard-o dart (pointed missile); sting (weapon of insects). — EFIS
  • Dardaneli the Dardanelles.
  • darf-ar may, to have a right to, be permitted; me darfas: I have the (legal) right or permission, or, it is not forbidden to me; on devas ne mentiar (o, on ne darfas mentiar): one should not (or, ought not to) lie. Def.: Havar la yuro o permiso; ol havas la senco legala, kontrea a l’ideo di interdikto. Ex.: On darfas uzar darfar nur pri la kozi, qui dependas de lego o regulo, do de la volo, altravorte, nur kande on povas imaginar permiso od interkikto. On povas ya facar multa agi, quin on ne darfas facar. V. exp.: darfar = permisebleso, posibleso; devar = obligo morala; povar = povo; mustar = obligo fizikal, absoluta; expresas kurte l’ideo ‘oportas ke’ o ‘necesa esas ke’ (vid. oportar).
  • darmstati-o (chem.) darmstadtium.
  • darn-ar (tr.) to darn (garments). Def.: Specala modo di rapecar stofi, vesti, ne pozante peco, ma imitante la texuro. — E
  • Darwin-ismo Darwinism; -ala: Darwinian. — DEFIRS
  • dat-o (time) date; -izar: to date (a letter, etc.). — DEFIS
  • datel-o (fruit) date; -iero: d. tree (Phoenix dactylifera). — DEFIS
  • dativ-o (gram.) dative (-case). — DEFIRSL
  • datum-o datum. Def.: Singla elemento analizebla e traktebla dal intelekto o da aparato (precipue *komputero), por obtenar informo, konoceskar o solvar problemo, edc: kolektar datumi | fidinda datumi | mankas datumi pri lu — DE
  • datur-o (bot.) datura (genus: Datura); thorn-apple, Jimson weed (Datura stramonium). — EFIRS
  • dax-o (zool.) badger (genus: Meles Taxus). — DI
  • dazl-ar (tr.) to dazzle: to overpower by bright or moving lights; (fig.) to blind; (fig.) to excite to admiration by brilliancy, display (of beauty, money, honors, etc.) (cf. facinar). Def.: Trublar instantale la vid-povo per tro brilanta lumo, o per tro rapida movado, agitado, e.c. Ex.: La sun-radii dazlas la vidado. La fortuno e la honori dazlas la ambicioni. — E
  • de-o God, a god; -ino: goddess; -a, -ala: divine: of or relating to God; -ajo: a divinity: divine object; -eso: godhead; -igar: to deify; -ismo: deism; -atra: godlike; -o bona! ho Deo: good God! oh God! danko a Deo thank God; Deo pardonez: may God pardon; Se plezos a Deo, se Deo volos: if God wills. — EFIS
  • de (prep) (starting point, origin, derivation) la treno de Lyon: the train from Lyons: blinda de nasko: blind from birth; de omna lateri: from all sides; de supre ad infre; from top to bottom; de ta vidpunto: from that viewpoint; komprar de ulu: to buy of someone; arachar de la morto: to snatch from death; malada de febro: sick with (from) fever; (measure, quantity) unu de li: one of them; un horo de marcho: an hour’s walk; dek-e-duo de ovi: a dozen eggs; tri metri de rubando: three meters of ribbon; glaso de aquo: a glass of water; peco de pano: a piece of bread; el esas la maxim bela de la fratini: she is the most beautiful of the sisters; duo de rejini: a pair of queens; (after adjectives denoting dimenions, size, contents): ponto longa de du Angla milii: a bridge two English miles long; barelo plena de vino: a barrel full of wine; konstrukturo alta de duadek etaji: a building twenty stories high; (’since’, duration of time). N. B. in this sense de-pos is preferable to de alone: me savas lo de(pos) quar dii: I have known it these (since, from) four days; me esas hike de du monati: I have been here for two months; de(pos) la morto di sua spozino: since the death of his wife; de kande vu lojas hike? me lojas hike de un monato: How long (from when) have you lived here? I have lived here one month (I am living here from one month). de pos: since, after; de longe: for a long time past; de kande: since when, how long since; de lore: from that time, since then; de pose: from that time, afterwards; de pos ke: (conj.) since (that); de nun: from now, henceforth, hereafter; de sub: from under; de dop: from behind. V. exp.: da, de, di: Praktikal regulo por selektar inter ta tri prepozicioni esas la sequanta: Se la senco postulas klare l’ideo di l’agento od autoro, uzez da; se ol postulas klare l’ideo di deveno, o di konteno o di quanto, uzez de; en cetera kazi (do en omna dubitebla) uzez audace di; nam olca esas la maxim generala de la tri, korespondanta a la genitivo. On povas generale sequar ica regulo (por selektar inter de o di): Uzez di kande la sequanta substantivo havas artiklo; uzez de kande ol hava nula artiklo. — FIS
  • deb-ar (tr.) to owe (ulo, ad ulu); (intr.) to be under obligation (ad ulu, por ulo); -ajo: a debt; -izar: to get (ulu) into debt; -o honor-ala (honor- -o): a debt of honor; charjar su per debi: to run into debt; -rest-ajo: balance due. Ex.: Pagez to quon vu debas. Me debas a lu mea vivo. Donar deb-atesto. — EFIRS
  • debat-ar (tr.) to debate. Def.: Diskutar kun un o plura konversanti en ordinoza ed atencoza maniero, singlu prizentante l’argumenti servanta sua propra interesto o prefero. — DEFIRS
  • debet-o (com.) debit (after the balance of an account), debit-balance; -igar: to d. (a sum to somebody’s account); -konto: d. account. — DEFIRS
  • debil-a (of persons) weak, feeble; (cf. frajila), -igar: to debilitate, enfeeble; -ig-anta, -ig-iva: debilitating; -ach(ul)o: a puny person. Def.: Febla per naturo, temperamento. Ant.: forta, robusta, vigoroza. — EFIS
  • debit-ar (tr.) to sell (goods, supplies, ordinarily at retail); -o, -ajo: sale, supply, retail; -ar engrose, endetale: to sell wholesale, by retail; vari di bona -o: goods that have a ready sale. — FIS
  • deboch-ar (intr.) to go to excess in sensual pleasures, to live dissolutely, to revel, carouse; -igar: to debauch: entice to debauchery, to corrupt with lewdness; -eskar: to become profligate; -anta, -ema: dissolute, profligate (cf. laciva); -ist-ino: harlot; -anto, -ero: debauchee, rake: -ig-anto: debaucher. V. exp.: Krapulo esas nur maxim desnobla e vulgara debocho. Debochanto povas esar (restar) eleganta. Pro to debocho koncernas prefere la sexuala ne-etikaleso, krapulo la trouzo di manjado e drinkado, l’ebrieso kustumal, e.c. On povas parolar pri debaucho krapuloza;. — EFR
  • debush-ar (intr., milit.) to debouch. — DEF
  • debut-ar (intr., theat.) to make one’s debut, first appearance; (fig.) to start, set out: take one’s first steps; -anto, -ant-ino: debutant, debutante; (fig.) a beginner. — DEFIS
  • dec-ar (intr.) to be decent, suitable, correct, proper; (cf. esar justa); -o: decency, propriety; -anta, -oza: decent, becoming, decorous; -ante: decently, with decency; -as: (imper.s) it is proper. — DEFIS
  • decembro-o December. — DEFIRS
  • decend-ar (intr.) to descend (de, of race); -(ad)o: descent, lineage, pedigree; -anto: descendant, offspring; -ant-aro: progeny, posterity (collect.). — DEFIS
  • decens-ar (tr., intr.) to go down, descend: to move or pass from a higher to a lower plane; -eyo: descent (place). Ex.: Decensar (de) monto en valo. Decensar (de) arboro. Decensar eskalero. La mareo, la temperaturo decensas. Ant.: acensar. — EFIS
  • decept-ar (tr.) to disappoint, to defeat (the hopes, expectations of someone); -anta, -iva: disappointing. — EFIS
  • dechifr-ar (tr.) to decipher: to discover the key to a secret writing. V. exp.: vid. chifrar. — DEFIRS
  • decid-ar (tr., intr.) to decide, settle, determine; -oza, -ema: (of persons) strong-minded, determined; -ita: (of things) decided; -ite, -eme: decidedly, positively; -em-eso: determination (of character); -iganta, -iva: decisive, conclusive; facar -o: to make a decision; agar -oze, -eme: to act with decision. Ex.: Decidar afero, problemo, debato. Judicial decido. Ad il mankas decidemeso (di karaktero). Il esas homulo decidema. Il uzas decidoza tono. La kozo esas decidita. Kauzo, motivo decidiganta. Bataliodecidiva. V. exp.: On decidas teoriala questioni, on rezolvas agi facenda. Ni decidas, ke l’akuzato esas la sola autoro dil krimino. Ni rezolvas facar turo en la urbo. — EFIS
  • decidu-o (physiol.) deciduous membrane. — DEFIS
  • decigram-o decigram: 1.5432 grains. — DEFIRS
  • decil-o decile. — DEFIRS
  • decilitr-o deciliter: tenth part of a liter: 6.1 cu. in. — DEFIRS
  • decim-o decime. Def.: Dekimo di franko, o 10 centimi. — DEFIRS
  • decimac-ar (tr.) to decimate. — DEFIS
  • decimal-a, -o (arith.) decimal. — DEFIRS
  • decimetr-o decimeter: tenth of a meter: 3.937 in. — DEFIRS
  • dedik-ar (tr.) to dedicate: consecrate to a Divine Being; to devote to a sacred use; to inscribe or address to a patron or friend; (cf. konsakrar). — DEFIS
  • dedukt-ar (tr., log.) to deduce, infer; -(ad)o, -ajo, -uro: deduction, inference; -ala, -iva, -ema: deductive; -ebla: deducible. — DEFIRS
  • defekt-o defect, imperfection, flaw, fault, blemish.
  • defektiv-a (gram.) defective. — DEFIS
  • defens-ar (tr.) to defend, protect (ulu, ulo, su, kontre); -ebla: defensible, tenable; -ilo: a means, instrument of defense; -iva: defensive. Ex.: Defensar sua patrio, sua honoro, sua opiniono. — DEFIS
  • deferenc-ar (tr.) to defer to, show deference to; -o: deference, regard, respect. Def.: Deferenco: Respekto quon on manifestas ad ulu exekutante lua volo o deziro. Nociono komplexa, qua ne esas simpla respekto. Ex.: On devas deferencar sua patri. Kun omna deferenco qua esas debata a vu. Ant.: (deferenco) des-prizo, arog-em-eso. — DEFIS
  • deferent-a (tubo) (physiol.) deferent. — DEFIS
  • defervec-ar (intr., med.) to cool down (fever). — DEFIS
  • defi-ar (tr.) to defy, challenge, dare (ulu, pri ulo, o facar ulo); -o: challenge, defying, defiance. — EFIS
  • deficit-o (com.) deficit. — DEFIRS
  • defil-ar (intr.) to defile, file off, march past (avan ulu). — DEFIS
  • defile-o defile: narrow mountain pass. — DEFS
  • defin-ar (tr.) to define: give the definition of; -o: definition; -ita: defined; definite (article); sen -a, ne -ita: indefinite. V. exp.: Definar esas indikar, enunciar la senco di vorto. Determinar esas fixigar o precizigar ula konocajo: on determinas la alteso di la suno, la disto di du loki, per astronomial o geografial operaci (mezuri e kalkuli). Kozo povas esar tre determinita, e nule definita o definebla: ex.: ula partikulara koloro. On definas vorto; on deklaras sua opiniono; on explikas fakto, libro, frazo. — DEFIS
  • definitiv-a definitive: final, ending; -e: definitely. Ex.: Aranjo, judiko definitiva. — DEFIS
  • de-flex-ar (tr.) to deflect, bend from; (fig.) to swerve, deviate.
  • deform-ar (tr.) to deform, put out of shape; -it(ul)o: a deformed person; -esar: to be deformed. — DEF
  • degener-ar (intr.) to denegrate, deteriorate; -anto, -into: a d. — DEFIS
  • degn-ar (intr.) to deign: condescend, vouchsafe. — EFIS
  • degrad-ar (tr.) to degrade: reduce in rank, remove from office. — DEFIS
  • de-jet-ar (tr.) to throw from (horse, etc.).
  • dejun-ar (intr.) to breakfast: (the first repast of the day); have b., -eto: a light b., frua -o: early b. Def.: Dejuno esas repasto di dimezo. — F
  • dejur-ar (intr., milit.) to be on duty; -anta oficir-o: officer-of-the-day; orderly officer. — DR
  • dek ten; -imo: a tenth part; -esma, -esmo (ordinal) tenth; -opla, -oplo: tenfold; -opl-igar: to increase tenfold; -ope: by tens; du deki: two tens; -foye: ten times; yar- -o: decade; -e-du: twelve, a dozen; dek-e-du-esma: twelfth; -e-du-imo; (fraction) one twelfth. — EFRS
  • dekad-ar (intr.) to be decadent, be in state of decay, decline (physical or moral); -o: decadence: decline to a worse or less perfect state, tendency towards dissolution or extinction. Ex.: La dekado di l’imperio Romana. La dekado di arti. Ni vivas en dekandanta epoko. — DEFIRS
  • dekaedr-o decahedron.
  • dekagon-o decagon
  • dekagram-o decagram: 0.3527 oz. — DEFIRS
  • dekalitr-o decaliter: 2.64 gals. — DEFIRS
  • dekalkomani-o transfer (picture). Def.: Transporteso di imaji kolorizita ad-sur surfaco (ex. porcelano, papero) qua retenas lia stampuro. — FIS
  • dekalm-ar (tr.) to declaim; to speak or deliver rhetorically; -acha: bombastic; -ach(er)o: haranguer, stump-orator, ranter. — DEFIRS
  • dekalog-o Decalogue: the Ten Commandents. — DEFIS
  • dekametr-o decameter: 32.809 ft.
  • dekan-o (eccl., university, collegiate) dean; -eso: deanship. — DFIRS
  • dekant-ar (tr.) to decant (liquids); -ilo: decanter. — DEFIS
  • dekap-ar (tr.) to scale, scrape, scour (metals). — DFIS
  • dekaster-o decastere: 13.08 cu. yds.
  • dek-e-du-o dozen (de); (cf. dek).
  • deklar-ar (tr.) to declare (ulo, ad ulu). Ex.: Deklarar sua intenci, sua opinioni, Deklaro di milito. — DEFIRS
  • deklin-ar (tr., gram.) to decline, inflect; (intr., phys.) to deviate from the true north, as magnetic needle; (astron.) to remove from the equator, as a heavenly body. — DEFIS
  • dekokt-ar (tr., pharm.) to decoct; -o, -uro: decoction, extract from a body boiled in water. — DEFIRS
  • dekolt-ar (tr.) to cut low (a dress); to bare the neck and shoulders; -ita: décolletté, in a low dress; (n.) dekolturo; -ach-ita: uncovered to an improper degress. — DEFR
  • dekor-ar (tr.) to decorate (a house, etc.). — DEFIRS
  • dekret-ar (tr.) to decree, enact. — DEFIRS
  • dek-silab-a decasyllabic.
  • dekubit-ar (med.) to like down in bed, decubation. — DEFIS
  • dek-yar-a decennial: continuing for ten years; (cf. yar-dek-ala).
  • del de la.
  • deleg-ar (tr.) to delegate (someone as agent); -ato, -ito: delegate; -it-aro: delegation; (cf. prokuraco). — DEFIRS
  • delegacion-o delegation. Def.: Delegitaro. — DEFIS
  • delekt-ar (tr.) to delight (ulu); -esar: to be delighted; -(ad)o, eso: delight(ing); -anta, -iva, -oza: delightful, delectable. — DEFIS
  • delfin-o (ich.) dolphin (genus: Delphinus); -(ul)o: (Fr. history) dauphin; -ala: delphine (classics). — DEFIRS
  • deliber-ar (intr.) to deliberate. Def.: Ponderar en su ipsa o kun altri, pri questiono solvenda o rezolvo facenda, la motivi por e la motivi kontre la decido. — DEFIS
  • delici-o delight; high degree of pleasure or enjoyment; the cause of the pleasure; la delicii di Paris: the delights, the charms of Paris; -oza: delicious, delightful. Def.: juo granda, forta, ecelanta, ne ordinara. — EFIS
  • delikat-a delicate, refined; -(ul)o: a d. person; -ajo, -eso: delicacy; -ega: exquisite, superfine. Ex.: Delikata infanto, organi. La delikateso di la pelo, di linguo, di gusto. — DEFIRS
  • delikt-ar (intr.) to commit an offence (against law and order); (cf. kontravencar); -o: offense; (jur.) misdemeanor: offense punishable by fine or imprisonment; (cf. krimino); -(al)a: unlawful, felonious, punishable; -anta, -atra: delinquent; -anto, -into: offender, malefactor; en flagranta -o: in the very act; materio di la -o: corpus delicti: substance of the offence. — DEFIRS
  • deliquc-ar (intr., chem.) to deliquesce: become liquid. — DEFIS
  • delir-ar (intr.) to be delirious, to rave; -o, -eso: delirium; (fig.) nightmare; -anta, -ema, -atra: delirious, frenzied, frantic; -anto: d. person. — DEFIRS
  • delt-o (geog.) delta. — DEFIRS
  • demagog-o demagogue. — DEFIS
  • demagogi-o demagogy, demagogism. — DEFIRS
  • demand-ar (tr.) to ask for (ulo); (N.B. Not the E. ‘demand’, (cf. postular); -o: request, asking; (polit., econ.) demand (cf. ofro); -anto: asker, applicant; me -as pardono: I beg (ask) your pardon; quon vu demandas pro facar l’operaco: What do you ask to perform the operation; ni ne recevos la permiso demandita: we shall not receive the permit asked for. V. exp.: On demandas de ni la difero di la sequanta vorti. On demandas e postulas nur kozi; on pregas e solicitas nur personi. Demandar ulo de ulu, esas pregar ta ‘ulu’, ke lu donez ta ‘ulo’. Postular ulo esas demandar ulo, a qua on havas yuro; tala demando esas do insistanta, obliganta e kelke imperema. Solicitar esas pregar ulu autoritoza o potenta per obtenar ulo, qua havas plu o min karaktero di favoro. On demandas kozo quan on deziras havar; on questionas persono pri ulo, quon on deziras savar. En la ekonomiko, on traktas pri la lego di l’ofro e di la demando, qua determinas la preco di la vari sur ula merkato. — EFIS
  • demarsh-ar (intr.) to take steps, measures (to obtain something); -o: step, proceeding; act, measure taken in business; Def.: Demarshar implikas sempre l’ideo di ‘pazi’ facata extere, en la socio, por atingar ula skopo, por obtener irga helpo, favoro, e.c.. V. exp.: Esforco esas propre ago muskulala, o generale, mekanikala; demarsho esas social ago, per qua un persono volas influar altra por obtener ulo. — F
  • dement-a demented, insane; -(ul)o: a d. person; -eskar: to become d.; -eso: dementia; -erio: insane asylum; -ajo: insane act. (cf. fola) — DEFIS
  • dementi-ar (tr.) to give the lie to (ulu, pri ulo); to deny (flatly, publicly); -o: flat contradiction, denial. — FIS
  • demision-ar (intr.) to resign: give in one’s resignation; (milit.) to throw up one’s commission; (parl.) to vacate one’s seat. V. exp. vid. abdikar. — DFIS
  • demiurg-o demiurge. — DEFIRS
  • demografi-o demography. — DEFIRS
  • demokrat-a, -ala democratic; -(ul)o: a democrat. Def.: Demokrato esas partisano di la demokratio, e plu generale, ta qua havas la mento demokratiala o demokratiema. — DEFIRS
  • demokrati-o democracy; -ala: relating to a d.; -igar: to democratize. Def.: La rejimo en qua la populo guvernesas da su ipsa (t.e. da sua elektiti); lua principo esas la suvereneso dil populo. — DEFIRS
  • demolis-ar (tr.) to demolish, pull down, break up (a house, a fortification, an old ship); -o: demolition; -ar bona reputeso: to ruin a reputation; -ar doktrino: to overthrow a doctrine. — DEFIS
  • demon-o (myth. and fig.) demon, evil spirit, genius; -ala, -atra, -oza, -ika; -ozo, -iko: demoniac(al). — DEFIRS
  • demonstr-ar (tr.) to demonstrate: prove by arguments; to make evident; -o: (lig., polit., milit., naval) demonstration. Ex.: Demonstrar propoziciono. Lua redesko demonstas lua shamo. Demonstri enemikala. — DEFIRS
  • demonstrativ-a, -o (gram.) demonstrative. — DEFIRS
  • demotik-a (antiq.) demotic (writing, characters). — DEF
  • denar-o (antiq. coin) denarius. — DEFIRS
  • denatur-ar (tr., chem.) to denature (alcohol, etc.). — DEFIRS
  • denigr-ar (tr.) to disparage (ulu, ulo): run down, decry, depreciate, vilify, blacken the record of; (cf. difamar, kalumniar, maldicensar). Def.: Inspirar mala opiniono pri ulu (o ulo) per severa o nejusta aserti e judiki. Ant.: exaltar, laudar. — F
  • denominator-o (arith.) denominator. — EFIS
  • dens-a dense: having its parts crowded together; compact, close: (cf. dika); -igar: to thicken (liquids); (cf. plu-dik-igar). Ex.: Densa turbo, vaporo. Platino havas la maxim granda denso de omna metali. Ant.: skarsa, dis-sem-ita, ne-, des-densa. — EFIS
  • densimetr-o densimeter. — DEFIRS
  • dent-o (also fig.) tooth; -ala: dental; -o-sono: (gram.) dental; -oza, -iz-ita: toothed, notched, denticulated; -izar: to furnish with teeth; (fig.) to cog; indent; to put scallops in; -ifar: to make teeth; to cut teeth; -aro: set of teeth; -isto, -if-isto: dentist; -ego: tusk; -o-stumpo: stump of a t.; -extirp-isto: tooth puller; -o di saj-eso: wisdom tooth; -o-roto: cog-wheel; -o-pik-ilo: t. pick; -o-tenalio: dentist’s forceps; -et-roto: pinion, small gear wheel; -o-kolo: neck of a t.; -if-uro: (result) dentition; sen- -a: toothless; sen- -igar: to break, knock out the teeth of (ulu); sen- -eskar: to lose one’s teeth. — EFIRS
  • dentel-o lace (-work); -if-ist-ino: female l. maker; -a naz-tuko: lace handkerchief. — F
  • dentifric-a, -o dentifrice, tooth-cleaning (powder, etc.). — EFIS
  • denunc-ar (tr.) to inform against, denounce (a guilty person). — DEFIRS
  • depart-ar (intr., also fig.) to depart (ek, de); -o-punto: point of departure; esar -onta: to be on the eve of setting out, be about to start; -o-preparo: preparations for a start; (nav.) getting underway. Ant.: arivar. — EFIS
  • department-o (territorial) department, province, (cf. ministerio); -ala: departmental. Def.: Teritoriala dividuro or resortiso. Ex.: La departmenti di la Nord, di la Somme, di l’Aisne en Francia. — DEFIRS
  • depend-ar (intr.) to depend: be conditioned or contingent (de); to rely on for support; to be a dependency (di); ne- -o: independence; ne- -ante, sen- -e: independently. Ex.: L’efekto dependas de la kauzo. Omno dependas de la maniero segun qua on komencas. Ca teritorio ne dependas de Francia, o, ca teritorio esas nedependanta de Francia. — EFIS
  • deperis-ar (intr.) to pine away, gradually lose strength; wither; slowly decline or perish. Def.: Debilesko duktanta ad (se ne til) la morto. Ex.: La saneso, la flori deperisas. — FI
  • depesh-o dispatch: urgent message; (cf. telegramo). — DEFIRS
  • deplor-ar to deplore: to feel or express deep grief; -inda: deplorable, lamentable, wretched. Ex.: Deplorar la desfortunaji di ulu, la morto di ulu. — EFIRS
  • deponent-a, -o (gram.) deponent. — DEFIS
  • deport-ar (tr.) to depart: to transport into banishment; to convey to a penal colony. V. exp.: vid exilar. — DEFIRS
  • de-pos cf. de.
  • depoz-ar (tr.) to depost: to lay, set or put down; to lodge for safekeeping; to bond (in warehouses); -(ad)o: depositing (act); -ite: on deposit; -anto, -ero: depositor; -ajo: deposit; -eyo: place of deposit, as a depot, depository, warehouse; -ario: trustee, depositary, guardian, warehouse-keeper. Ex.: Depozar portajo. Nil(e) depozas omnayare slamo fekunda. Depozanto di pekunio en panko. — DEFIRS
  • de-pren-ar (tr.) to take from (ulo de ulu).
  • depres-ar (tr., phys. and moral) to depress: to press down; to deject; -(ad)o, -eso, -uro: depression. — DEFIS
  • deput-ar (tr.) to depute, deputize, send (ulu) as a deputy; -at-aro: deputation (delegation); chambro di -ati: (parl.) chamber of deputies (cf. suplear). — DEFIRS
  • deriv-ar (tr., math., gram.) to derive (ulo de); have its root (de); -o: derivation (gram.); -ito, -ajo: derivative; de qua vu derivas ca vorto? La vorto derivesas de: Whence do you derive this word? The word is derived from. — EFIS
  • derm-o (anat.) derma. — DEFIS
  • dermatologi-o dermatology. — DEFIRS
  • de-rod-ar (tr.) to gnaw away, erode.
  • derog-ar (intr., jur.) to derogate: to act contrary, invalidate, annul (in part), to depart from (a custom); -anta, -iva: derogatory. Def.: Teknikala termino di yuro-cienco: facar ecepto, violaco instantala di ula lego, regulo. Ex.: Ica du partisi derogis de lia kontrato (E. both parties have invalidated some part of (or, have departed from) their contract). Derogar de la lego, de kustumo establisita. — DEFIS
  • dervish-o dervish. — DEFIRS
  • des- (as found in the English words: destruct, destroy) denoting the direct opposite of the idea to which it is prefixed, as des-agreabla, disagreeable; des-charjar, to unload; des-equilibr-igar, to unbalance; des-bel-igar, to disfigure. Note: For the difference between des- and ne- see note under ne-.
  • des (mus.) D Flat.
  • des-abon-ar (su) to withdraw one’s subscription (from a periodical).
  • des-afabla crabbed, cross, churlish, surly, ungracious, uncivil.
  • des-agnosk-ar (tr.) to disown, disavow, disclaim.
  • des-agraf-agar (tr.) to unclasp, unhook.
  • des-agreabl-a disagreeable, unpleasaant (ad); -ajo: a d. thing or experience.
  • des-agreg-ar (tr.) to disaggregate, to disintegrate.
  • des-ajust-ar (tr.) to to put out of adjustment, to derange.
  • des-akord-ar (intr., mus.) to be out of tune; (gram.) not to agree; -o: discord; -anta: discordant.
  • des-akroch-ar (tr.) to unhook (ulo de).
  • des-amar-agar (tr., nav.) to unmoor.
  • des-amorc-ar (tr.) to uncap, unprime (fire-arms).
  • des-ankr-agar (tr., intr.) to weigh anchor, get up a. on.
  • des-apar-ar (intr.) to disappear, vanish.
  • des-aprob-ar (tr.) to disapprove of.
  • des-aranj-ar (tr.) to disarrange, derange, unsettle.
  • des-arm-iz-ar to unarm, disarm.
  • des-artik-izar to disarticulate, unjoint; -izo: (surg.) disarticulation: amputation, excision of a joint.
  • des-asembl-ar (tr.) to disassemble, take to pieces, separate.
  • des-asimil-ar (tr., phys. and fig.) not to assimilate (ulo).
  • des-asoci-ar (tr.) to disassociate, dissociate; to dissolve (a partnership).
  • des-asort-ar (tr.) to unmaatch, break the set of, spoil a collection of (ulo).
  • des-avantaj-o disadvantage.
  • des-balast-izar (o, sen--balast-igar) to unballast: discharge or unload a ship from ballast.
  • des-bar-ar (tr.) to unbar, remove barriers.
  • des-bel-igar (tr.) to disfigure, take away the beauty of.
  • des-blind-igar (tr.) to open the eyes of, make to see; (fig.) undeceive.
  • des-blokus-ar (tr.) to raise the blockade of.
  • des-bolt-agar (tr.) to unbolt.
  • des-bot-izar (tr.) to pull or take off the boots.
  • des-bril-igar (tr.) to tarnish, dull.
  • des-bukl-agar (tr.) to unbuckle.
  • des-buton-agar (tr.) to unbutton; -izar: to remove the buttons from.
  • des-centr-izar, -al-igar to decentralize.
  • des-charj-ar (tr.) to discharge: unload, take away the burden of (ulu, ulo, de); (fig.) to ease, free, throw off the care of (a thing): -eyo: unloading place; quanta- -o: good riddance; -ar sua koncienco: to clear one’s conscience.
  • des-charm-ar (tr.) to disenchant.
  • des-civiliz-ar (tr.) to uncivilize (ulu).
  • des-dens-igar to loosen, make less compact, rarefy, to open up (ranks, a crowd).
  • des-ebri-igar to sober; -eskar: to sober down; (fig.) to come to one’s senses.
  • desegn-ar (tr.) to draw, design, delineate, sketch, (cf. esbosar, skisar); -(ad)o, -uro: drawing; -arto: art of drawing; -anto, -ero, -isto: drawer, draughtsman; -o-planko: drawing-board. Def.: Riproduktar, per krayono o plumo, la formo di objekti. — EFIS
  • des-embaras-ar (tr.) to disencumber, rid of, disembarras.
  • des-embark-ar (tr., intr.) to disembark, land.
  • des-embrag-ar (tr.) to throw out of gear, disengage (tech.).
  • des-engaj-ar (tr.) to disengage: discharge, free from service.
  • des-en-korp-igar to disincorporate.
  • des-enoy-igar to cheer up, divert, bring out of the dumps.
  • des-entrav-ar (tr., lit. and fig.) to unshackle, unfetter.
  • des-envelop-ar (tr.) to unwrap, unshroud.
  • des-equilibr-igar to upset the equilibrium of, unpoise, unbalance.
  • des-equip-ar to dismantle; lay up (ships).
  • deser-o dessert; -disho: d. dish. — DEFR
  • desert-ar (tr., intr., milit. and gen.) to desert, abandon, quit, forsake. — DEFIRS
  • deserv-ar (tr., intr., eccl.) to serve (a living), have the parochial duties of (a chapel, hamlet); (cf. oficiar). — DEFS
  • des-esper-ar (intr.) to despair, to be in d.; -igar: to drive to d.; to dishearten; -anta: despairing, desperate; -anto: one who despairs; -ato: one of whom one d.; kom -ala remedio: as a last resource, shift.
  • des-estal-ar (tr.) to take in goods (exposed for sale); (fig.) to shut up shop, stop the display.
  • des-estim-ar (tr.) to contemn, despise (ulu); -igar: to bring into disrepute, discredit, contempt; -anta, -ema: contemptuous, scornful; -inda: contemptible, despicable.
  • des-fac-ar (tr.) to unmake, undo.
  • des-facil-a difficult; -ajo: a d. thing; -eso: (state, condition) difficulty; -igar: to render d. (ulo).
  • des-fald-ar (tr.) to unfold.
  • des-fang-izar to rub off the dirt, clean, scavenge; -iz-ilo: scraper (as for shoes).
  • des-fatig-ar (tr.) to refresh, relax.
  • des-favor-ar (tr.) to disfavor, withhold favor from, to put out of favor; to disadvantage; -oza: unfavorable, disadvantageous; -izar: to disgrace; -iz-ita: disgraced.
  • des-felic-a miserable, unhappy; -(ul)o: an u. person; -ajo: u. event, mischance.
  • des-fer-izar to take the iron from, to unshoe (a horse).
  • des-fianc-ar to disengage (from a betrothal).
  • des-fid-ar (tr.) to distrust, mistrust.
  • des-fil-izar to unstring, unthread, unravel.
  • des-flor-izar to strip of blossoms; (cf. sen-flor-eskar).
  • des-forest-izar to clear, denude of forest, disafforest.
  • des-fortifik-ar (tr.) to unfortify.
  • des-fortun-o misfortune, reverses, run of ill-luck; -oza: unfortunate; -ajo: calamity, mischance (the event); -e: unluckily.
  • des-fren-agar (tr.) to unlock or take off the brake.
  • des-fresh-igar to destroy the freshness of.
  • des-friz-ar (tr.) to uncurl.
  • des-frok-izar to unfrock (a monk).
  • des-frost-ar (intr.), -igar (tr.): to thaw.
  • des-fruns-ar (tr.) to unwrinkle, unpucker.
  • des-futer-izar to remove the lining of.
  • des-gaj-igar to take out of pawn.
  • des-gant-izar to pull off the gloves from.
  • des-garnis-ar (tr.) to untrim.
  • des-gib-izar to take out the bumps; the humps from; to smooth out.
  • des-gips-izar to unplaster.
  • des-glat-igar to roughen, ruffle.
  • des-glu-izar to remove the paste, glue from.
  • des-glutin-eskar to become unglued, unpasted.
  • des-gras-izar to remove the grease or fat; (fig.) to scour.
  • des-gros-igar to thin, reduce; remove the grosser parts.
  • des-gum-izar to ungum (silk, etc.).
  • des-gurt-izar to ungirth, unstrap, unband.
  • des-hard-igar to soften.
  • des-help-ar (tr.) to disoblige, to hinder.
  • des-hered-igar to disinherit.
  • des-honest-a dishonest; (fig.) indecent.
  • des-honor-o dishonor, opprobium, disgrace; -izar: to dishonor, bring d. upon; -iz-iva: dishonorable.
  • des-human-igar to dehumanize, imbrute.
  • desikator-o desiccator. — DEFIRS
  • des-iluzion-igar to disabuse, disillusion.
  • des-imbast-ar (tr.) to unbaste, untack (garments).
  • des-infekt-ar (tr.) to disinfect; -iva, -ivo: disinfectant.
  • des-infl-ar (tr.) to deflate; reduce the swelling of.
  • des-ingran-ar (tr.) to throw out of gear.
  • des-inkombr-ar (tr.) to deobstruct, disencumber, clear from impediments.
  • des-intrik-ar (tr.) to disentangle, unravel; (fig.) to extricate, free.
  • des-jung-ar (tr.) to unyoke (oxen); take out horses from (a carriage).
  • des-junt-ar (tr.) to disjoin, take to pieces, separate; -iva: (gram.) disjunctive.
  • des-kamp-ar (tr.) to break camp.
  • des-karg-ar (tr.) to unload (things; cf. charjar).
  • des-katen-izar to unchain.
  • des-kest-izar to uncase.
  • desk-kupl-ar (tr., mechan.) to uncouple, disconnect.
  • des-klef-agar (tr.) to unlock.
  • des-kloz-ar (tr.) to unclose, throw open.
  • des-kolor-izar to lose color, fade, come off (of colors).
  • des-komand-ar (tr.) to countermand.
  • des-komfort-o discomfort.
  • des-kompoz-ar (tr.) to decompose.
  • des-konfes-ar (tr.) to recant; unsay: take back what one has said.
  • des-konkord-igar to cause disagreement, set at variance.
  • des-konsil-ar (tr.) to dissuade.
  • des-kontent-igar to discontent, cause d. to.
  • des-korp-izar to disembody.
  • des-kortic-izar to bark, peel.
  • des-kovr-ar (tr.) to uncover: take the cover off; to discover, disclose, detect (what was not known before); -ar disho, korbo: to uncover a dish, a basket; -ar trezoro, fonto: to discover a treasure, a spring.
  • des-kras-izar to remove the (surface) dirt from, to clean.
  • des-kredit-izar to discredit: to deprive of credit, bring into disrepute.
  • des-kresk-ar (intr.) to cease to grow, to wane, fall off.
  • deskript-ar (tr.) to describe (by words); -o, -uro: description; -iva: (also geom.) descriptive. — EFIS
  • des-kron-izar to uncrown.
  • des-kruc-igar to uncross.
  • des-kuaf-ar (tr.) to dishevel, undress the hair of.
  • des-kuraj-oza cowardly.
  • des-kurv-igar to unbend, straighten.
  • des-kustum-igar to break the habit of (ulu, pri ulo); -eskar: to break oneself of, lose the habit of; -inta: unaccustomed.
  • des-lac-igar to unlace.
  • des-lauta soft (to hearing).
  • des-lern-ar (tr.) to unlearn.
  • des-lig-ar (tr.) to untie.
  • des-lokac-ar to vacate (a lodging).
  • des-lok-iz-ar to delocalize.
  • des-lokl-izar to uncurl (hair).
  • des-loyal-a disloyal.
  • des-magnet-igar to demagnetize.
  • des-magnetiz-ar to unmesmerize (ulu).
  • des-makul-izar to clean spots from, remove the stains from.
  • des-manch-izar to take off the handle of.
  • des-mariaj-ar (tr.) to unmarry, annul the marriage of.
  • des-mask-ar (tr.) to unmask.
  • des-maskul-igar to emasculate.
  • des-mast-izar to dismast.
  • des-merit-ar (intr.) to be undeserving; to forfeit the esteem (de ulu, per ulo).
  • des-met-ar (tr.) to take off (a garmet, etc.).
  • des-mix-ar (tr.) to separate.
  • des-mobl-izar to unfurnish, strip of furniture.
  • des-monet-igar to demonetize (cf. sen-valor-igar).
  • des-munt-ar (tr.) to dismount, take apart (a machine).
  • des-muzel-lig-ar (tr.) to unmuzzle.
  • des-nacion-al-igar to denationalize; -an-igar: to denaturalize.
  • des-naiv-igar to sharpen the wits of.
  • des-net-a dirty, unclean, untidy; -igar: to dirty; -ig-anta: soiling; (cf. sordida).
  • des-nobl-igar to debase, -eso: ignominy, meanness; -igo: debasing; -ig-anta: debasing, ignominious.
  • des-nod-igar to untie a knot in.
  • des-obedi-ar to disobey.
  • des-obstrukt-ar to deobstruct, clear; -iva, -ivo: (med.) deobstruent.
  • des-oportun-a inopportune; -ajo: something i.
  • des-ordin-ar (tr.) to disorder, derange, disturb; -ego: hurly-burly.
  • des-organ-izar to disorganize.
  • des-orient-izar (lit.) to turn from the east; (fig.) to put out of one’s element; to put on the wrong scent, to lose one’s bearings.
  • des-ost-izar to bone, to fillet (fish); -iz-ita dindo: boned turkey.
  • des-oxid-igar, -izar to disoxidate, deoxidize.
  • des-ox-izo disoxygenation.
  • des-pak-igar to unpack, unbundle.
  • des-pav-izar to unpave, take up the pavement.
  • des-pekt-ar (tr.) to uncomb.
  • des-pend-ar (tr.) to take down, unhang (a chandelier, etc.).
  • despens-o pantry, larder, buttery, steward’s office; -isto: steward. — FIS
  • des-persuad-ar (tr.) to dissuade, persuade to the contrary of (ulu pri ulo, ulu per ulo).
  • des-pia impious, ungodly, undevout.
  • despit-ar (intr.) to be vexed; to fret. Def.: Despito: chagreno mixita kun iraco. Ex.: Ilua agi despitigas me (E. his acts vex me); Quo importas, sive il esas joyoza sive il esas despitoza (E. what do you care whether he is joyous or vexed). Lasar eruptar sua despito; (E. to vent one’s ill humor). — EFIS
  • des-plan-igar to put out of true, (of wood) to warp.
  • des-plas-izar to displace (ulu, ulo).
  • des-plen-igar to diminish the contents of, to empty; -eskar: to get low.
  • des-plez-ar (intr.) to be displeasing (ad ulu); (tr.) to displease (ulu).
  • des-plezur-o displeasure, grief, sorrow.
  • des-plum-izar to pluck (feathers).
  • des-polar-igar to depolarize.
  • des-polis-ar to remove the polish, to rough.
  • des-popular-igar to render unpopular.
  • des-popul-izar to depopulate.
  • des-posed-igar to dispossess, oust.
  • despot-o despot; -a, -ala, -atra: despotic. — DEFIRS
  • des-priz-ar (tr.) to disdain, scorn, despise; -igar: to bring into disrepute, discredit (ulu).
  • des-profund-ajo shoal, shallow.
  • des-propr-igar to renounce (property in something).
  • des-pur-a impure; -eso, -ajo: impurity.
  • des-qualifik-ar to disqualify.
  • des-quiet-a (mentally) uneasy, anxious; -eso: inquietude, disquietude; -ig-anta: disquieting.
  • des-racion-o, -eso unreasonableness, senselessness.
  • des-rigid-igar to make pliant, unstiffen.
  • des-rig-izar to unrig (a ship).
  • des-rigl-agar (tr.) to unbolt.
  • des-rug-izar to unwrinkle, smooth (the face).
  • des-saja unwise, foolish.
  • des-sal-izar to remove the salt from.
  • des-sel-izar to unsaddle.
  • des-sepult-ar (tr.) to exhume.
  • des-serv-ar (tr.) to disoblige, not to serve.
  • des-sigl-ar (tr.) to unseal.
  • des-skrub-agar (tr.) to unscrew (ulo); (cf. des-visar).
  • des-sold-ar (tr.) to unsolder.
  • des-spul-ar (tr.) to unwind (from a bobbin or spool).
  • des-stop-ar (tr.) to unstop, uncork; -ilo: corkscrew.
  • des-strand-igar to get afloat, refloat.
  • des-stult-igar to sharpen the wits of.
  • des-suol-izar to take soles from; (fig.) to wear off the soles of.
  • des-sut-ar (tr.) to unsew, unstitch.
  • des-tens-ar to slacken, relax.
  • des-tex-ar to unweave.
  • destin-ar to destine (ulo, ulu, ad ulo). Ex.: Destinar sua filiulo esar advokato. Esar kontenta pri sua destino (E. to be content with one’s lot). — DEFIS
  • des-tord-ar (tr.) to untwist.
  • des-torpor-igar to remove the numbness from, to quicken.
  • des-tromp-ar (tr.) to undeceive.
  • des-tron-izar to dethrone (a king).
  • destrukt-ar (tr.) to destroy. — DEFIRS
  • des-trus-ar (tr.) to untuck, let down (a garment).
  • des-union-ar to disunite.
  • des-valid-igar to invalidate.
  • des-varm-igar to cool or make cold (a hot body).
  • des-vel-izar to unveil; (fig.) to disclose.
  • des-vest-izar to take the clothing from, undress, divest.
  • des-virg-igar to deflower (a virgin).
  • des-vis-ar (tr.) to unscrew (a screw); (cf. des-skrub-agar).
  • des-volv-ar (tr.) to unroll, unwrap.
  • des-zon-izar to ungird, loosen a girdle.
  • detach-ar (tr., milit., nav.) to draft: to send away, to send off for a particular service (from the main body). — DEF
  • detachment-o (milit.) detachment, draft. — DEF
  • detal-o detail, particular: a minute or distinct part; -a, -oza: detailed; -e: in, with d.s, minutely, piece-meal, bit by bit; -igar: to particularlize, state circumstantially, give the d.s of; sen- -e: briefly, in a few words. Ex.: La detali di afero, di listo. Detaloza kalkulo. Il detale naracis sua historio. Il detaligas sua historio. — DEFIRS
  • detektiv-o detective: secret policeman. — DEFR
  • determin-ar (tr.) to determine: to fix the limits of; to ascertain or settle the exact truth about (ulo); (gram.) to fix the extent, the meaning of a word or sentence; -o: determination (not resolution, cf. rezolvo). Ex.: Lavoisier determinis la kompozuro di l’aero. Determinar disto de la tero a la suno. La determino di la volo. Determinita nombro. La doktrino di determinismo. V. exp.: vid. definar. — DEFIRS
  • deters-ar (tr.) to deterge: to cleanse, purge away (as foul matter); -anta, -iva, -ivo: detergent. Ex.: Detersar la intestini. — DEFI
  • deton-ar (intr.); -igar: (tr.) to detonate; -o, -uro: detonation, report. — DEFIS
  • de-tranch-ar (tr.) to cut off, excise.
  • detriment-ar (tr.) to prove detrimental to, be prejudicial to; Ex.: Ica fakto detrimentis mea reputeso. Ica aranjo esas facita a mea detrimento, lo detrimentas me. V. exp.: Detrimentar e domajar esas diversa speci di nocar. Domajar (ulo) esas facar material altero, qua minbonigas kozo (o la korpo di persono). Detrimentar (ulu) esas efektigar a lu ula perdo, mem nerekte e nevole. — EFIS
  • de-turn-ar (tr.) to turn away, aside (ulu, ulo, de).
  • deuteri-o deuterium. — DEFIRS
  • dev-ar (tr.) to have the obligation of, have the duty of, ought, should; -o: duty, obligation. Def.: ‘Devar’ konvenas ad omna ed omnaspeca obligesi (moral od altra), do devas uzesar en omna imperi, preskripti e konsili. Ex.: Se vu volas bone standar, vu devas esar sobra. Vu devas ne adulterar, furtar. V. exp.: vid. darfar; kp. mustar. — FIS
  • devanc-ar (tr.) to out-run, out-strip, out-do, to distance. V. exp.: On preter-iras kozo senmova, ma devancar implikas ke la objekto movas, e movas en sama sinco kam la subjekto. — F
  • devast-ar (tr.) to devastate, lay waste, ravage, desolate. Ex.: Ula uragano, ula pesto devastis la lando, la urbo. — EFIS
  • develop-ar (tr.) to develop: make larger, fuller; to unfold (a plot, etc.); -(ad)o, -eso: development; growth, increase, progress. Ex.: Gimnastiko developas la korpo. Developar la mento di infanto. Developo di arboro. V. exp.: Developar indikas generale la kreskado gradoza e reguloza, sive di l’organismi, sive di omna kozi simila od analoga ad organismi. Evolucionar expresas la preciza ciencala (e filozofiala) ideo di evoluciono, enduktita la Lamarck, Darwin, e.c.; ol karakterizas ula speco di developo, ed implikas transformo (ol opozesas a la dissolvo, qua esas l’inversa fenomeno). Singla organismo, ento ‘developas su’; nur speci ‘evolcionas’ tra la longa serio de yarcenti, chanjante sua formo, adaptante su ad altra kondicion ai di vivo, e.c.. — EFI
  • deviac-ar (tr., intr.) to deviate, swerve (de). Ex.: La deviaco di magneta agulo. — EFIS
  • deviz-o device: emblematic design; blazon- -o: heraldic bearing. — DEFIRS
  • devoc-o devotion: act of religion, external worship (cf. pi-eso); -oz-a, -(ul)o: a devout (person); -ala: devotional; facar devocaji: to perform one’s devotions. — DEFIS
  • devon-o (geol.) Devonian strata. — DEF
  • devor-ar (tr.) to devour, eat greedily; -anta, -ema: devouring, ravenous, voracious; -em-eso: voracity. — EFIS
  • devot-a devoted; -eso: devotedness, devotion; -esar, -igar su: to be d., to devote oneself. Ex.: Esar tote devota ad ulu, ad ulo. Devoteso a sua patrio. Devotigar su ad ula skopo. — DEFI
  • dextr-a right (handside); -e: on the r.; -a manuo: r. hand; -uz-ero:a r. handed person; -ano: (parl.) member of party on right (a conservative); turnar ad-dextre: to turn to the r. Ant. sinistra. — EFIS
  • dextrin-o (chem.) dextrine. — DEFIRS
  • dezert-a desert, deserted; -o: a desert, wilderness; -igar: to make a d. of (ulo). Def.: Qua esas sovaja (od arida) e ne habitata. Ex.: Insulo dezerta. Sahara esas dezerto. Lando dezerta e nehabitata (E. a wild and uninhabited country). — EFIS
  • dezinenc-o desinence: formative suffix, word-ending. Def.: Finalo di vorto, precipue por indikar la flexiono. — DEFIS
  • dezir-ar (tr.) to desire: to wish for earnestly, long for, hanker for, covet; -egar: to greatly covet, lust after; -inda: desirable; -ajo: a desirable object, a desideratum; il ardoroze deziris richaji: he ardently desired wealth; me deziras ke vu parolez: I wish you to speak; me deziras a vu omna feliceso: I wish to you all happiness. — EFIS
  • dezol-ar (tr.) to make disconsolate, distress, grieve (ulu); -eso: affliction, desolation (mental); -anta, -iva: grievious, disheartening. Ex.: La morto di mea amiko dezolas me. — EFIS
  • di-o day (of 24 hours; cf. jorno); -ala: daily; de un dio a l’altra: from one day to another; la dii dil semano: the days of the week. — EFIS
  • di (marks the genitive, possession, belonging to) la domo di mea patro: my father’s house; en la tempi di la Romani: in the time of the Romans; la rejo di Anglia: the king of England; la fenestri di la domo: the windows of the house; di qua, di qui: whose, of which; la puero di qua me vidis la libro: the boy whose book I saw; la libri di qui vu prizis la binduro: the books, the binding of which you liked; di qua esas ica granda fabrikerio: whose is this great factory? V. exp.: vid. de
  • diabas-o (petrog.) diabase: trap, greenstone. — DEF
  • diabet-o (med.) diabetes; -ika, iko: diabetic (person). — DEFIRS
  • diabl-o (theol. and fig.) devil, fiend; -ala, -atra: diabolic, devilish; -eto: little d., imp; -ino: she-d.; -ulo: he-d.; -ajo: act of devil(t)ry; per la -o: what the devil; diablatra infanto: a little demon (child); facar diablatra tumulto: to make a devlish uproar. — DEFIRS
  • diachilon-o diachylon: a kind of a plaster for wounds. — DE
  • diadem-o diadem. — DEFIRS
  • diafan-a diaphaneous, transparent, pellucid; (cf. translucida); -a marko: watermark (on paper). Def.: Qua lasas pasar la lum-radii, tale ke on povas klare dicernar objekti tra ol. Ex.: Aquo, polisita vitro, esas diafana. Ant. opaka. — EFIS
  • diafiz-o (anat.) diaphysis: the shaft or main part of a long bone. — DEF
  • diafragm-o (anat., elec., opt.) diaphragm. — EFIRS
  • diagnoz-ar (tr., med.) to diagnose. — DEFIRS
  • diagonal-a, -o (geom.) diagonal. — DEFIRS
  • diagram-o (geom.) diagram. — DEFIRS
  • diakon-o (eccl.) deacon. — DEFIRS
  • diakonis-o (eccl.) deaconess. — DEFIS
  • diakritik-a, -o diacritic. Def.: Teknikala termino por omna signi adjuntita a literi (supersigni, subsigni, e.c.). — DEFIRS
  • dialekt-o dialect. Def. Vario regionala di linguo. — DEFIRS
  • dialektik-o (log.) dialectics. — DEFIRS
  • dializ-o (chem.) dialysis. — DEF
  • dialog-ar (intr.) to dialogue: take part in a dialogue (kun); -izar: to put in form of a d. (ulo). — DEFIRS
  • diamagnet-a diamagnetic. — DEFIRS
  • diamagnetism-o diamagnetism. — DEFIRS
  • diamant-o (stone) diamond; -atra: d. like, -o-forma: d. shaped; -izar: to cover with d.s (ulu, ulo); -o tali-ita: cut-d.; -o kruda: rough d.; -o-garnituro: set of d.s; -o(frot)-polvo: d. dust; muntar -o: to set a d. — DEFIRS
  • diametr-o (geom.) diameter; -o (interna): caliber, bore (of guns, etc.) — DEFIRS
  • diant-o (bot.) pink (genus: Dianthus). — L
  • diapazon-o tuning-fork. — DEFIRS
  • diapozitiv-o slide (photgraphic). — DFIRS
  • diare-ar (intr.) to have a diarrhoea. — DEFIS
  • dias-o (geol.) dyas: the Permian formation. — DE
  • diastaz-o (chem.) diastase. — DEFIRS
  • diastol-o (physiol.) diastole. Ant.: sistolo. — DEFIS
  • diatez-o (med.) diathesis. — DEFIS
  • diatome-o (zool.) diatom. — DEFIRS
  • diatonik-a (mus.) diatonic. — DEFIRS
  • diatrib-o diatribe. — DEFIRS
  • dic-ar (tr.) to say, tell, (ulo, ad ulu): -o, -ajo: saying, what one says; su-dic-anta: so-called, self-styled. V. exp.: Gramatikale, dicar esas transitiva, parolar netransitivia: co konstitucas granda, esencala difero. Dicar sempre relatas ula objekto, t.e. la kozi (frazi) quin on dicas; parolar expresas la pura ago di la voco. ‘On devas parolar por dicar ulo; ma existas multa homi, qui parolas por dicar nulo’. — FIS
  • dicern-ar (tr.) to discern: to see and identify by noting differences; -(ad)o, -uro: discernment, discrimination; -iv-eso: discernment (faculty); -ebla: distinguishable. Def.: Vidar o komprenar la difero di du kozi (t.e. ke li diferas). Ex.: Dicernar la verajo de la eroro. La daltonismiki dicernas male la kolori. Agar sen dicerno. V. exp.: Me dicernas la du soni s e sh, e me distingas la per adjuntar h a s en l’una kaso. Ant.: konfundar. — EFIS
  • dicion-o, -arto elocution, delivery, utterance; (N.B. not ‘diction’: choice of words; cf. stilo); -isto: elocutionist. Def.: Arto, maniero parolar o deklamar. Ex.: Diciono klara, inciziva. Diciono esas la arto di aktoro. — DEFIRS
  • diciplin-ar (tr.) to discipline (children, soldiers, etc.); sen- -a, n- -ita: undisciplined. — DEFIRS
  • dicipul-o, -ulo, -ino disciple — EFIS
  • didaktik-o didactics. — DEFIRS
  • didelf-o (zool.) opossum (Didelphis). — L
  • diedr-a, -o (geom.) dihedral. — DEF
  • dieldrin-o dieldrin. — DEFIRS
  • diet-o (med., also legislative) diet; -al-a: dietary; -igar: to d. (ulu); impozar -o ad ulu: to place someone on a d.; esar en -o: to be on a d. Def. (Nutranta) rejimo sequenda; parlamentatra kunveno. — DEFIRS
  • dietetik-o (med.) dietetics. — DEFIRS
  • diez-o (mus.) a sharp (♯). — DF
  • difam-ar (tr., jur.) to defame, traduce, libel, asperse; -anta, -iva, -ema: defamatory; (cf. maldicensar, kalumniar, denigrar). Def.: Dicar ulo vera o nevera qua atakas la honoro or reputeso; ago, punisebla da la civila lego. — EFIRS
  • difer-ar (intr.) to differ: be different, be unlike; (of opinion) to disagree; -o: (math.) difference; -anta: different. Ex.: La sentimenti, la interesti di homi diferas. Diferar opinione de ulu. La difero inter tri e un esas du. V. exp.: Difer-anta: esence des-simila (per speco); diversa: plu multa kam un. Ex.: La diversa dezinenci di vorto havas senci diferanta: (E. the various terminations of a word have different meanings). — DEFIS
  • diferenci-ar (tr., intr., biol., sociol.) to differentiate, to acquire or give a distinct or separate character (cf. diferencial-igar); -(ad)o: differentiation, the modification or specialization of parts or organs. — DEFIS
  • diferencial-o (math.) differential; (tech.) d. gear; -igar: (math). to differentiate; -ig-(ad)o: differentiation. — DEFIRS
  • difrakt-ar (tr., opt.) to defract. — DEFIS
  • difteri-o (med.) diptheria; -ik-a, -o: diphtheritic (person). — DEFIRS
  • diftong-o (gram.) diphthong. — DEFIRS
  • difuz-ar (tr.) to diffuse: to spread, disperse widely. — DEFIRS
  • dig-o dike, dam, coffer-dam; -izar: to dike, dam. Def.: Konstrukturo por preventar indundado. — FIS
  • digest-ar (tr., physiol.) to digest; -ig-ivo: (med.) a digestive. — DEFIS
  • digital-o (bot.) digitalis. — DEFISL
  • digitalin-o (med.) digitalin, digitalis. — DEF
  • digitigrad-a, -o (zool.) digitigrade. Ant. plantigrada. — EFIS
  • dign-a worthy; meriting, deserving; having merit, worth, virtue; -eso: worthiness; (cf. respekt-ind-eso). Ex.: Digna de rekompenso, de laudo, de puniso. — FIS
  • digram-o digraph; a combination of two or more letters to represent one sound, as ch, sh. — DEFIS
  • digres-ar (intr.) to digress (de); -o: (also astron.) digression: departure from main subject. — EFIS
  • dijital-a digital. Def.: (1) Prizentanta informi per cifri, ne per montrilo: dijitala horlojo. (2) Funcionanta per limitizita quanti, nechanjebla kontinue: dijitala *komputero, televiziono — DEFIS
  • dik-a (dimension) thick; (plu-) -igar: to thicken (cf. pludens-igar:); vitro dika de un centimetro: glass one centimeter thick. Def.: Relatas nur un dimensiono (di geometriala solido), la 3a (pos longeso e larjeso). V. exp.: Grosa relatas du dimensioni e havas la kontreajo: tenua. Exemple, texuro, papero, metala plako esas dika o dina; filo, kordo, kolono, esas grosa o tenua. Ant. dina. — DE
  • diklin-a (bot.) diclinous. — DEFIS
  • dikotiledon-o (bot.) dicotyledon. — DEFIS
  • dikotom-a (bot.) dichotomous. — DEFIRS
  • dikotomi-o (log.) dichotomy. — DEFIRS
  • dikt-ar (tr.) to dictate; utter sentences to be written down; (cf. imperar, impozar). — DEFIRS
  • diktam-o (bot.) dittany (genus: Dictamnus). — DEFIS
  • diktator-o dictator. — DEFIRS
  • dil di la.
  • dilat-ar (tr.) to dilate. Ex. Kaloro dilatas korpi. — EFIS
  • *dild-o dildo. Def.: Artificala peniso, objekto o prostezo penisatra.
  • dilem-o dilemma. — DEFIRS
  • dilet-ar (tr.) to have a great liking for, be partial to, be an amateur in (music, etc.); -anta, -anto: diletante. — DEFIRS
  • diligent-a diligent. Def.: Qua agas kun zelo e rapideso. V. exp.: vid. asidua. Ant. lenta, indolenta, ne-ag-ema. — EFIS
  • dilijenc-o diligence, stage-coach. — DEFIRS
  • dilut-ar (tr.) to dilute; thin by admixture of a liquid; -anta, -ema: (of style, etc.) diffuse. — FIS
  • diluvi-o deluge, flood; -alo, -ala formacuro: (geol.) diluvium. — DEFIS
  • dimension-o dimension. — DEFIS
  • diminut-ar (tr., intr.) to diminish, lessen, -iva, ivo: dimunutive; (cf. min-grand-igar, min-gros-igar). Ant. Augmentar, kreskar, ampligar; developar. — DEFIS
  • dimiti-o (fabric) dimity. — DE
  • din-a thin; on dimension of a paper, plank, etc.; (plu-)din-igar: to make t.; -e taliar: to mince, cut thin (meat, etc.) V. exp.: vid. dika. Ant.: dika. — DE
  • dinam-o (-mashino) dynamo. — DEFIRS
  • dinamik-o dynamics. — DEFIRS
  • dinamism-o dynamism; the doctrine that all substance involves force. — DEFIRS
  • dinamit-o dynamite; -agar: to d. — DEFIRS
  • dinamometr-o dynamometer. — DEFIRS
  • dinasti-o dynasty. — DEFIRS
  • dind-o turkey. — FI
  • dine-ar (intr.) to dine, to be at dinner; -o-horo: d. time; frua -o: early d. Def.: Dineo esas la repasto dil vespero. — DEF
  • dinosauri-o (paleon.) dinosaur(ian). — DEF
  • dinoteri-o (paleon.) dinothere. — DEF
  • diocez-o diocese (of a bishop). — DEF
  • diod-o diode. — DEFIRS
  • dioptr-o (opt.) diopter: sight-vane. Def.: La fesnestreto tra qua on regardas por vizar punto per l’instrumento nomata alidado. — DEIRS
  • dioptri-o (opt.) diopter; unit of refractive power. Def.: Uneso di mezuro por la ‘okulvitri’. — DEFIRS
  • dioptrik-o dioptrics. Def.: Teorio di la optikala vitri (kp. katoptriko). — DEF
  • dioram-o diorama: — DEFIRS
  • diorit-o (min.) diorite. — DEFIRS
  • dioxid-o dioxide. — DEFIRS
  • dioxin-o dioxin. — DEFIRS
  • diplas-ar (tr.) to displace; to change the place of (ulo); to misplace; put out of place (ulo); -ar su: to change one’s place or residence; -o-pezo: (nav.) displacement (of a ship); il diplasas omno en sua chambro: he puts everything out of place in his room; -ar libro: to misplace a book; (cf. egarar). — EF
  • diploid-a diploid. — DEFIRS
  • diplom-o diploma; -izar: to confer a d. upon (ulu). — DEFIRS
  • diplomac-o diplomacy, diplomatics; (fig.) tact, shrewdness; skill in conducting any kind of negotiation or social matter; -ema, -atra: diplomatic; -isto: diplomat. — DEFIRS
  • diplomatik-o diplomatics: science of ancient writings. — DEFIRS
  • diport-o (stock exchange) backwardation. Def.: Ajorno til proxima borsal liquidaco di la livro di valori vendita, pagante premio; la premio pagata por ta ajorno. — DFIS
  • dipter-a, -o (ent.) dipteral (insect). — DEFIS
  • diptik-o diptych: ancient tablet of two leaves. — DEFIS
  • direcion-o (line of) direction, bearing (both ways). Ex.: Du paraleli havas la sama direciono. V.exp.: vid. sinso. — DEFIRS
  • direkt-ar (tr.) to direct; manage, conduct; put in a direction, (ulu, ulo, ad); -(ad)o: direction, management; -eyo, -erio: manager’s house or office; -anta, iva: directive, managing; -anto, -ero, -isto: director, manager; -ist-eso, -er-eso: directorship; -ist-ala, -er-ala: directorial -ebla: dirigible; mis- -ar: to mismanage. Ex.: Direktar veturo, navo, armeo, teatro. Direktisto di fabrikerio. Direktar sua regardi vers objekto. Direktar la studiado di ulu. Direktebla balono esas aer-navo. V. exp.: vid. guidar. — DEFIRS
  • direktori-o (Fr. hist.) Directoire. — DEFIRS
  • diret-a direct (opposite to indirect, as: direct way, discourse, method); -a treno: through train. Ex.: La Suez-kanalo esas la voyo maxim direta de Europa a la extrema oriento. V. exp.: La voyo direta de A a B povas ne esar rekta (E. straight). Ant.: ne-direta. — DEFIS
  • dis- dentoes separation or dispersion; apart, asunder: dis-part-igar, or dis-pec-igar, to dismember; dis-pozar, to dispose, lay out; dis-ruptar, to disrupt; dis-donar, to distribute (promiscuously). Used with verbal roots.
  • dis (mus.) D. sharp.
  • dis-don-ar (tr.) to distribute promiscuously, deal out; -(ad)o: distribution, giving (gifts, etc.), deal (at cards); (cf. distributar, repartisar). Def.: Donar hike ed ibe (ordinare hazarde). Ex.: Disdonar prospekti a la pasanti.
  • disenteri-o (med.) dysentery; -ala, ika: (persons) dysenteric. — DEFIRS
  • disert-ar (intr.) to dissertate; -o, uro: dissertation; oral or written examination on a question; disquisition; (college) theme. — DEFIRS
  • dish-o dish (of food), viand, mess; -o frianda: a toothsome d.; karno- -o: meat dish, dish of meat. — E
  • disident-a (rel.) dissident, dissenting; -(ul)o: dissenter; -eso: dissent. Def.: (Teknikala termino di religiala historio): qua ne konsentas kun la maxim multa samreligiani pri ula punto, dogmato. Ex.: Sekto disidenta. — DEFIRS
  • disimul-ar (tr.) to dissimulate, dissemble; hide under a false appearance; -anta: two-, double-faced, artful, sly. Def.: Celar sua pensi, opinioni, sentimeni, o fingar altri. Ex.: Disimular sua joyo, kulpi, desfeliceso. Me ne disimulas la danjero ube me esas. (I do not hide the fact that there is danger where I am). — EFIS
  • disip-ar (tr.) to waste, squander; (cf. extravagar, prodigar); -(ad)o, -eso: dissipation, waste; -anto, -ero, -emo: squanderer, spendthrift, prodigal, waster. Def.: Spensar abunde ed ecese sua havaji en multa frivola o sterila spensi, e havas prefere blamanta senco. Figurale, on disipas sua forteso, sua atenco inter multa objekti e skopi; (kp. prodigar). — EFIS
  • disk-o disc, disk; (games) quoit, discus; -o di luno: d. of the moon; signal- -o: signal d. (as on R.R.). — DEFIRS
  • diskont-ar (tr., com.) to discount: advance money on a bill, deducting the interest; -isto: bill-broker. — DEFIRS
  • diskret-a discreet, -eso: discretion. Ex. Il esas saja e diskreta persono. Atingar la evo di diskreteso. Fidar a la diskreteso di ulu. V. exp.: Modesta esas ta qua havas pri su opiniono moderata, ne exajerata, e ne havas ecesa pretendi; humila esas ta, qua havas pri su basa opiniono, e qua pozas su base, sub la ceteri; diskreta esas ta qua evitas jenar or tedar la ceteri per sua demandi, o nocar li per ne-prudenta agi, exemple revelanta la sekretaji. Ant.: ne-diskreta, ne-oportuna. — DEFIRS
  • diskriminac-ar (tr.) to discriminate against. Def.: Desfavorar persono o grupo de personi pro lua o lia individual traiti od opinioni (raso, sexuo, sexual preferi, evo, sociala klaso, partiso, religio, edc); diskriminac-o: Tala ago: diskriminaco sexual, rasal, politikal. — DEFIRS
  • diskriminant-o (math.) discriminant. — DE
  • diskurs-ar (intr.) to make a speech, deliver a discourse, an address to discant (pri); -achar: to rant. — DEFIRS
  • diskursiv-a (phil.) discursive: proceeding regularly from premises to conclusion. — DEF
  • diskut-ar (tr.) to discuss (a question, project, point of law, etc); -achar: to wrangle, dispute, cavil; -ebla, -inda:: discussable, debatable. Def.: Examenar questiono ponderante la ‘por’ el la ‘kontre’. Parolante pri personi ne havanta la sama opiniono, kambiar argumenti pri ula temo. — DEFIRS
  • dislexi-o dyslexia. — EFIRS
  • dislok-ar (tr.) to dislocate: disarrange, put out of order or place; (milit.) to break up (an army); to dismember (a state). Ex.: On dislokas, sive mobili, utensili, mashini, sive armeo od armeo-korpo. V. exp.: Luxacar koncernas nur l’artiki. — DEFIS
  • dism-o tithe; impozar la- -o: to t., levy t.s. — FIS
  • disoci-ar (tr., chem.) to dissociate; break up into consitutents. — DEFIRS
  • disonanc-ar (intr., mus.) to make a dissonance, discord; (cf. des-, mis-, ne-akordar). — DEFIRS
  • dispach-o (mar. insur.) adjustment of averages; -isto: nautical assessor. — DFS
  • disparat-a (log.) disparate; (fig.) incongruous; -ajo, -eso: disparity. Def.: Teknike e precize, aplikesas a du nocioni, qui ne apartenas a la sama genero, nek esas genero l’una di l’altra. Vulgare e laxe, dicenas pri omno quo esas tre nesimila, nekoheranta, neharmonianta. — DEFIS
  • dis-part-igar to dismember; take part from part, take limb from limb.
  • dis-pec-igar to dismember; take piece from piece, carve up.
  • dispens-ar (tr.) to dispense (ulu de ulo) to exempt, excuse from, give leave not to do or observe (ulo); -o: dispensation; (cf. permisar). Ex.: Dispensar de la fasto. La granda evo dispensas la oldi militar. Ant.: obligar, koaktar. — DEFIRS
  • dispensari-o dispensatory, dispensary (med.) Def.: Loko en qua la povri povas konsultar medicinisti e recevar flegi o medikamenti (sen lojar en ol). — EFIS
  • dispepsi-o (med.) dyspepsia; -ika, -iko: dyspeptic. — DEFIS
  • dispers-ar (tr.) to disperse, scatter. Ex.: La vento dispersas la nubi, la folii. Armeo vinkinta dispersas l’enemiki. Disperso di la Judi. V. exp.: Dispersar esas preske sinonima di dissemar, ma kun ideo plu agema, ideo di lanso, pulso ad fore. — DEFIS
  • dispon-ar (tr.) to have the disposal of, have (ulo) at one’s disposal; to dispose of (ulo); -ebla: disposable, available; (milit.) unattached; -ebl-eso: disposability: (milit.) state of being unattached; Ex.: Ca homo disponas sua domo, sua havaji. (power of disposal). La libri esas en vua dispono. Me havas cento de franki disponebla por komprar. Oficiro, trupi disponebla. Me donas a vu la disponebleso di mea havaji. Esar sub la dispono di ulu. (E. to be at a person’s beck and call). — DEFIRS
  • dis-poz-ar (tr.) to dispose, lay out, parcel out; -(ad)o, -eso: disposition, arrangement.
  • disput-ar (intr.) to have a dispute, to quarrel, wrangle, bicker; -o: quarrel, altercation; -achar: to squabble, brawl, wrangle about trifles; -ebla: disputable, contentable; -ema: disputatious, quarrelsome; inter- -ar: to mutally quarrel. Def.: Diskutar senordine e grosiere. — DEFIRS
  • dis-rupt-ar (tr.) to disrupt, break asunder.
  • dis-sek-ar (tr.) to dissect.
  • dis-sem-ar (tr.) to disseminate: sow, scatter (seed); to strew, (things); spread abroad (ideas, error, truth, etc.).
  • dis-send-ar (tr.) to spread, send in different directions.
  • dis-solv-ar (tr., lit. and fig.) to dissolve, liquify; (fin.) liquidate, wind up; -o, -eso, -uro: dissolution, solution; -ema, -iva, -ivo: solvent, dissolvent. Ex.: Aquo dissolvas sukro. Dissolvar societo. Dissolvo di parlamento, di mariajo.
  • dist-ar (intr.) to be distant, be remote; -o: distance; distanta de Paris per 5 km.: to be 5 km distant from Paris. — DEFIRS
  • dis-tens-ar (tr.) to distend.
  • distik-o (verse) distich. — DEFIS
  • distil-ar (tr.) to distil. — DEFIRS
  • disting-ar (tr.) to distinguish; set apart; to characterize; to make distinct or different by sign, mark or characteristic; -o: distinction: making different; -eso: distinctness, characteristicness; -anta, -ebla: distinct, characteristic; -ita: distinguished (person, object); -iva: distinctive. Def.: Facar ulo por ke altru povez discernar. Ex.: La raciono distingas la homo. La distingivi extera posibligas ke on povas dicernar l’una objekto de l’altra. Parolez, skribez distingeble. Oficiro distingita. V. ex.: vid. dicernar. Ant.: konfundar. — DEFIS
  • distint-a distinct. Def.: Markizita da specala karaktero. — EFIS
  • dis-tord-ar (tr.) to distort.
  • distrakt-ar (tr.) to distract, divert; -(ad)o, -eso: distraction, diversion, recreation; (fig.) absence of mind; -ita: diverted; (fig.) absent-minded; -anta:, -iva: diverting entertaining. Def.: Deturnar la mento, l’atenco de sua objekto, sive per amuzivo, sive per irg altra moyeno. Existas menti naturale distrakata o distraktebla, qui distraktesas da irga extera kauzo, o mem da nula. V. exp.: On uzas distraktar kom sinonimo di amuzar, ma ol nultempe esas exakte sinonima: ol sempre konservas sua propra senco, mem kande la distrakto esas efekto o konsequo di amuzo. — EFIS
  • dis-tranch-ar (tr.) to cut up (into pieces), carve (off).
  • distribut-ar (tr., gen. and tech.) to distribute; to deal out, apportion, dispense; (cf. disdonar, repartisar). V. exp.: Distributar esas donar (o sendar) a diversa personi o loki, ma kun dicerno, ne hazarde. Exemple, on distributas premii a la skolani. Teknikale, on distributas la vaporo a la du parti di cilindro en oportuna tempo. — DEFIRS
  • distrikt-o district. Def.: Limitizita teritorio sub un judicial resortiso. — DEFIRS
  • diten-ar (tr.) to detain; withhold, keep back (what belongs to another); -o: detention: withholding; -anto, -ero: holder, possessor (of public property); one who withholds from another. (N.B. not used in sense of imprison, cf. en-karcer-igar). Def.: Konservar til ula evento. Ex.: Dum milito la guvernerio ordinare ditenas la havaji di rezidanta enemiki. — DEFIS
  • ditiramb-o dithyramb. — DEFIRS
  • ditres-o distress; -krio: cry of d.; -ala signalo: signal of d. — EF
  • divag-ar (intr., lit. and fig) to ramble, wander, rove, stray, divagate. Ex.: Bestii divagas. La divagi di aquofluo. Alkoholiko divagas en sua parolado, t.e. vagas en sua parolado o mem sua pensado, sen ordino nek raciono. — EFIS
  • divan-o divan. V. exp.: Divano ne havas dors-apogilo, ma nur movebla kuseni. Sofao havas dors-apogilo (esas quaze repozlito). Kanapeo esas quaze larja stulego por plura personi, kun dors-apogilo e brakio-apogili. — DEFIRS
  • diven-ar (intr., tr.) to become; to get, grow, pass into some new state or condition; to become of; be the final condition of; quo il -os?: what will he become? or what will become of him? (cf. -esk-). Ex.: Divenar malada, povro, richa, grasa. La homo, diveninta plu saja, agas plu bone. — FI
  • diverg-ar (tr.) to diverge (de, ek). Def.: Deviacar, dispersar di un punto a diferanta direcion-o, -i; (fig.) esar ne-konkordanta. Ex.: Lumradii divergas. Divergo di opinioni. Ant.: konvergar. — DEFIS
  • divers-a sundry, diverse, several, various; -aji: sundry articles: distinct things, not necessarily different in kind; -eso: diversity; variety, multiplicity. Def.: Qua esas plu multa kam un, ma ne granda nombro. Ex.: Diversa personi. La diversa interesti di la nacioni. La diversa senci di vorto. — DEFIRS
  • diversion-o (milit.) diversion; turning aside; -ar: (intr.) to make, cause a d. Def.: Atako (en kombato) por deturnar l’atenco e la fortaji di la enemiko; simila taktiko en la konversado, por deturnar ol de temo jenanta, desagreabla, nekonvenanta, e.c. (Ne konfundenda kun digreso). — DEFIRS
  • divid-ar (tr., math. and gen.) to divide (ulo, per ulo); maxim granda komuna -anto: greatest common divisor; -ebla: divisible (per); -endo: (math., fin.) dividend. — DEFIRS
  • divin-ar (tr.) to divine: guess (by any means); -ajo, -endo: puzzle, poser, riddle; (cf. konjektar, pre-dicar). Ex.: Divinar la intenci di ulu. Divinar engimato. Me donas a vu di foyi divinar ol. Divino di la futuro. — EFIS
  • divizion-o (milit.) division. — DEFIRS
  • divorc-ar (intr.) to be divorced (de); -igar: to divorce; -inta, -into: divorced (person). — EFIS
  • divulg-ar (tr.) to divulge; reveal, make known (a secret, news, etc.). — DEFIS
  • dizastr-o disaster. Def.: Desfortuno tre granda e subita, generale koncernanta multa homi o tota socio, ex. grava vinkeso, granda incendio, naufrajo. — EFIS
  • «djin» djinn, jinni.
  • do (mus.) do: first tone of diatonic scale.
  • do (prep.) therefore, then, so, consequently, (introduces a conclusion). Ex.: Me pensas, do me existas. Il esas vua patro, do vu devas respektar il. L’alkoholo foligas, do ol esas veneno. — FI
  • doari-o jointure, dower, marriage-settlement (provided by the bride-groom or his family; cf. dotar); -ier-ino: dowager. — FI
  • doc-ar (tr.) to teach; (cf. instruktar, lernar); -ajo: something taught; -ant-aro: teachers (collect.). — L
  • docent-o private docent; private teacher or lecturer (university). — DER
  • docil-a docile, tractable. Def.: Facile docebla e duktebla. Ex.: Skolano docila. Docila kavalo. — EFIS
  • dodekaedr-o (geom.) dodecahedron. — DEFIRS
  • dodekagin-a (bot.) dodecagynian: having twelve styles. — DEFIS
  • dodekagon-o (geom.) dodecagon. — DEFIRS
  • dog-o mastiff. — DF
  • dogan-o (institution) customs; -eyo: custom-house, place; -pago, -taxo: custom-duty; -uniono: c. union. — FIS
  • dogmat-o dogma; -ifar: to dogmatize. — DEFIRS
  • dogmatik-o dogmatics. — DEFIRS
  • dogr-o (boat.) dogger. — DEFIS
  • doj-o (title) doge. — DEFIR
  • dok-o dock. Def.: Mar-baseno por konstruktar o reparar navi; baseno cirkondita da kayi o warfi por charjar o descharjar navi. — DEFR
  • doktor-o doctor; holder of a doctorate; -eso: doctorate; -o pri yurcienco: d. of laws; -o pri literaturo: d. of letters. — DEFIRS
  • doktrin-o doctrine. — DEFIRS
  • dokument-o document; -izar: to document; supply with d.s. — DEFIRS
  • dol-o (jur.) fraud, deception, malice; evil or criminal intent; -oza trompo: fraudulent deception; -oza krimino: malicious crime. Def.: En la kriminal yuro, ol signifikas la kontrelega volo vizanta l’exekuto di krimino (doloza krimino); en la civila yuro: l’ ago intence kontrelega, ex. pri kontrati. — DFIS
  • dolar-o dollar. Def.: Monet-uno en Usa, Kanada. — DEFID
  • dolc-a pleasing to the taste: -a oranjo, vino: sweet orange, wine; -a odoro, (ek-)sufluro: a sweet smell, breath; pleasing to the ear: -a voco, murmuro: a sweet voice, a gentle murmur; pleasing to the mind; -a influeso: a gentle influence; -a memoro: a pleasant remembrance; -a koloro, lumo: a soft (or pleasing) color, light; (miscel.) -a vetero: mild weather; -a dormo: a soft slumber; -a humoro: a gentle humour; -a kiso: a sweet kiss; (cf. sukr-oza). — FIS
  • doli-o (tech.) dolly-end; -iero: dolly, holding-on-tool. Def.: Doliiero esas specala instrumento, qua uzesas en la rivetago pro impedar la riveto ekbatesar per la martelagi. Dolio esas la kavajo, qua esas ye l’extremajo di la doliiero. — E
  • dolikocefal-a, -o dolichocephal(ous). — DEFIRS
  • dolman-o hussar’s pelisse. — DEFIS
  • dolmen-o domen, cromlech: table-stone. Def.: Speco di megalita monumento. — DEFRS
  • dolomit-o (min.) dolomite. — DEFIRS
  • dolor-ar (intr.) to feel a pain, to suffer (physically; cf. chagrenar); -o: physical suffering: pain, ache; -i: throes, pangs; -anta, -oza: painful, sore; -igar: to cause pain to (ulu), to make sore, make suffer; -ig-anta: which causes pain, painful; havar reumatism-ala dolori: to have rheumatic pains. — FIS
  • dom-o house; -ala: domestic; relating to a house; -eto: small h., cottage; -estro, -mastro: head of h.; -o-chefo: major-domo; -o-guvern-ist-ino: house-keeper; -korpo: main building. — EFRL
  • domaj-ar (tr., phys. sense) to damage; to injure, harm, impair, spoil; -iva: injurious, hurtful; ye lua -o: to his injury, cost; sen- -a, ne- -ata: undamaged. Ex.: La pluvo domajas la rekoltajo. La kanono domajis ta edifico. V. exp.: vid. detrimentar. — EFI
  • domen-o domain; estate (cf. ter-hav-ajo); -o-domo: manor-house. — DEFIRS
  • domestik-a (of animals) domesticated; -igar: to domesticate (cf. domtar, amansar). — EFIS
  • domicil-o domicile; residence, place of abode; -ala: domiciliary; -izar: to d., settle (ulu). — DEFIS
  • domin-o (game) dominoes; (mantle) domino; -o-stono: domino (single-piece). — DEFIRS
  • dominac-ar (tr.) to have dominion over, sovereign authority, sway over; (fig.) tower, rise above, command, control; -o: domination, dominion; -anta, -ema: dominant, predominant, prevailing; -ach-anta: domineering. Ex.: Napoleon deziris dominacar Europa. Dominacar la pasioni. Monto dominacanta la maro. Fuorto dominacas la urbo. Religio dominacanta. — DEFIRS
  • dominant-o (mus.) dominant; fifth note of scale. — DEF
  • Dominga Republiko San Domingo (in Hayti).
  • Doming-ano Dominican (of the Republic of Domingo).
  • Dominik-a Dominica.
  • dominikan-o Dominican (friar). — DEFIRS
  • domt-ar (tr.) to subdue, subjugate, quell. V. exp.: On domtas propre la sovaja bestii (sen vere amansar oli, nek igar oli domestika). On domtas figurale la pasioni, la furioza amaso (turbo), e.c.. — DFIS
  • don-ar (tr.) to give; -o: giving; -ajo: what is given; (fig.) gift (cf. donacajo); -ema: generous; -(at)ajo, -aji: datum, data. Ex.: Donar manjajo. Donar donacajo. Donar sua filiino en mariajo. Donar signo di vivo. Donar la manuo. Donar puniso, apetito, letro ad ulo. V. exp.: Me donas manjajo ad ulu, ma me ne donacas la manjajo, nam me postulas pekunio por ol. Ant.: aceptar, recevar. — EFIS
  • donac-ar (tr.) to give: make a donation, a gift, a present of (ulo, ad ulu), to give away, bestow; -ajo: gift; -ario: donee; -anto, -into, -ero: donor. Ex. Donacar almono. Donacar (senrekompense) manjaji a la povri. V. exp.: vid donar. — EFIRS
  • dop (prep., in space) behind, back of, after, posterior; (cf. pos); -e: from behind, in back; -a: rear, back, hinder; -ajo: object or part behind; - la domo: behind the house; -a butiko: back-shop; -a korto: back-yard; -a masto: after mast; mizzenmast; -irar: to come after (not necessarily ‘to follow’); -lando: hinterland; -rem-ar: to scull; -rem-ilo: sculling oar. Ant. avan. — I
  • dop-ar (tr.) to dope, enhance performance with drugs. — DEFIRS
  • dorad-o (ich.) dorado: a species of dolphin (Coryphaena hippurus). — DFIRS
  • Dori-ana Dorian (race, dialect). — DEFIRS
  • dorik-a (arch.) Doric. — DEFIRS
  • dorlot-ar (tr.) to coddle, pet; (fig. to nurse); -achar: to pamper (a child, a person); me prizas dorlotar me: I love to take my ease, to coddle myself. Def.: Traktar delikat-ege, -ache. — F
  • dorm-ar (intr., tr.) to sleep, be asleep, slumber; -anta: sleeping, dormant; -etar: to doze; -ema: (momentarily) sleepy (cf. somnolar); -emo: sleepyhead; -eyo: sleeping place, dormitory; -eskar: to fall asleep; -igar: to lull, send (ulu) to sleep; -ig-iv-a, -o: soporific; -et-igar: to make drowsy; la infanto dormas dolce: the child sleeps a sweet sleep; -o-chambro: sleeping chamber, cubicle. — EFIS
  • dorn-o (bot.) thorn, prickle. — DE
  • dorno-ginest-o (bot.) furze, thorn-broom, gorse (Ulex).
  • dorno-perk-o (ich.) stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus).
  • dors-o (anat. and of knife, book, hand, etc.) back; -ala: relating to the back; dorsal; -o an -o: back to back; -apog-ilo: back of a seat; -o-korbo: basket (carried on b.); -o-kurva: round-shouldered; -o-sako: knapsack. — EFIS
  • dosel-o dais; raised, canopied seat, fixed or portable. — S
  • dosier-o (1) Ensemblo de dokumenti qui relatas afero o koncernas persono, grupigita en kartonobuxo o portfolio qua havas, sur la dorso, etiketo distingiva. (2) (per metonimio) Folieto duopla papera o kartona qua uzesas por klasifikar ta dokumenti. — EF
  • dot-ar (tr.) to endow: furnish a dowry, dower, marriage-portion to (ulu); supply (some public institution with a permanent fund); -o, -uro: dowry (provided by father or family of the bride), (cf. doario) endowment; (fig.) gift, talent; sen- -a puerino: a portionless girl; la talento esas la maxim bona doturo quan on povas donar a sua filii: talent is the best dowry one can give his children; havar la doto plezar: to have the gift of pleasing. — DFIS
  • doz-o (med., pharm.) dose; -igar: (tr.) to put up a dose of, to apportion a dose of (ulo). — DEFIRS
  • dozen-o dozen. — DEFIRS
  • dracen-o (bot.) dragon-tree (Dracaena). — DFS
  • drag-ar (tr.) to dredge (out) (a river, etc.), to explore with a drag; -ilo, -mashino, -batelo, -navo: dredge. — EFS
  • dragoman-o dragoman. Def.: Interpretisto en Oriento. — DEFIRS
  • dragon-o (milit.) dragoon. — DEFIRS
  • draje-o sugar-plum. Def.: Mandelo od altra kozo kovrita per harda sukrajo. — F
  • drak-o (myth.) dragon; (astron.) Draco. — DEFIRS
  • drakm-o (Gr. money) drachma; (weight) dram: eighth part of a troy ounce. — DEFIRS
  • drakon-ala Draconian; severe, cruel. — DEFIRS
  • dramat-o drama: -ala, -atra, -oza: dramatic; -igar, -ifar: (tr., intr.) to dramatize. — DEFIRS
  • drap-o (woolen) cloth; -o-komerco: c. trade. — F
  • drapir-ar (tr.) to drape: to cover with drapery, hang in folds. — DEFIR
  • drash-ar (tr.) to thresh, thrash (grain); -ilo, -mashino: flail; thresher. — DE
  • drastik-a (med. and fig.) drastic. — DEFIRS
  • dren-ar (tr.) to drain (a field, a wound, etc.); -tubo: drainage pipe. — DEFIRS
  • dres-ar (tr.) to train, break in (animals). V. exp.: On dresas l’animali por igar li exekutar ula determinita (ofte ne naturala) movi, sive por servar la homo (ex. kavalkado), sive por facar irga prodaji. Omna domestika animalo esas edukata da sua mastro; ma ne omni esas dresita. Me povas edukar chasohundo (t.e. hundo de chasala raso) sen ule dresar lu (por la chaso o por irga altra agado). — DFR
  • driad-o (myth.) dryad, wood-nymph. — DEFIS
  • drift-ar (intr., nav.) to drift. Def.: Esar pulsata da vento o mar-fluo exter sua voyo. — DE
  • dril-o (tech.) drill-handle, holder; (cf. borilo, trepano). Def.: La instrumento qua portas e movas la borilo (en metalo). — DER
  • drink-ar (tr.) to drink; -eyo, -erio: bar, public house; -o-pekunio: drink-money, tip; -kansono: drinking song; -o-fum-eyo: tap-room (lit. drink and smoke place); ne- -ebla: undrinkable. — DE
  • drog-o drug; -erio: druggist’s establ.; -izar: to physic, give a d. to (ulu, su). — DEFIS
  • drol-a droll, funny, humorous. — DEF
  • dromedar-o (zool.) dromedary. — DEFIRS
  • dron-ar (tr.) to drown; (of ships) to founder, go to the bottom; -ito: a d.ed person. Def.: Mortigar ulu, su per asfixio en liquido. V. exp.: La navisti ne dronesis, nam la navo ne dronesis, ma nur sinkis til la bordo. — E
  • dront-o (orni.) dodo, dronte (Didus ineptus). — DFS
  • druget-o (fabric) drugget. — DEF
  • druid-o druid. — DEFIRS
  • drup-o (bot.) drupe. — EFIS
  • druz-o (min.) druse. — DEFS
  • du two; -o: a couple, pair, dyad; -ima, -imo: half (N.B. but ‘half’ in composition is translated by mi- as, mi-horo, mi-cirklo); -im-igar: to divide in half; -opla, -oplo: double; -opl-igar: to double, to duplicate; -foye: two times, twice; -ala: dual; -alo: dual; number in gram.; -al-ismo: dualism; dek-e-du: twelve; duadek e tri: twenty-three; dekeduo: a dozen; duadeko: a score; duacent-e-un: two hundred and one; duacent-e-okadek-e-sis: 286; dek-e-duamil: 12,000; du-ople kin esas dek: twice five is ten; du-ima litro: half a liter; du-ime aquo, du-ime vino: half water, half wine; du-ime fola: half foolish; ye duima voyo: (at) half way, midway; dividar du-ime (kun ulu) to go halves; la soldati marchis duope: the soldiers marched by twos; omna duesma dio: every second day, every other day; la du: both (adjectively); due: both (adverbially); li du iris a la staciono: they both went to the station; ni du konkordis: we were both agreed; omna du esis ebria: both men were drunk; du-masta navo: two-masted ship; plu kam du-ime: more than half; il arivis ye du kloki: he arrived at two o’clock; dumanua: two-handed; du-part-igo: bipartition; du-partis-ana, -ala: bipartisan; du-senc-a: double meaning; equivocal; -ajo: equivocation; du-yar-ala: biennial (cf. mi-yarala). — DEFIRS
  • dubit-ar (intr.) to doubt; waver in opinion, hesitate to believe; -ala, -anta: dubative; -ema, -inda, -ebla: doubtful, dubious, ambiguous, questionable; -anto, -emo: doubter; -em-eso: distrustfulness; sen- -e: without doubt, undoubtedly. Ex.: Me ne dubitas, ke il venos. Dubitar pri ulo. Solvar dubito. Def.: Ne savar, hezitar kredar od opinionar o konvinkesar. — EFIS
  • duel-ar (intr.) to fight a duel (kun, kontre ulu). — DEFIRS
  • duen-o duenna, chaperon. — DEFS
  • duet-o (mus.) duet, duo. — DEFIRS
  • duk-o duke or duchess (de); -ino: duchess; -ulo: d.; -ala: ducal; -eso: (rank, dignity) dukedom; -io: duchy. — EFIS
  • dukat-o (coin) ducat. — DEFIRS
  • dukt-ar (tr.) to lead, conduct, bring along (ulu, ulo). V. exp.: vid. guidar. — EFIS
  • duktil-a ductile. — DEFIS
  • dulkamar-o (bot.) woody night-shade, bitter-sweet (Solanum dulcamara). — DEFIS
  • dum (prep.) during (the whole period spoken of); marks interval of time an event has taken place in; -e: meanwhile, in the mean time, yet, still; - ke (conj.) while, whilst, during the time when. Ex.: Dum la nokto. Il habitis dum plura yari en mikra vilajo. La mesajo arivis dum lua absenteso. Dum ke vu repozos, me skribos. Dume la vetero esis varma. — L
  • dun-o dune, down, sand-hill. — DEFIRS
  • dung-o manure, compost (artificial manure); -izar: to m.; -o-tero: vegetable mold; (cf. sterko). Def. Omno quon on mixas a la tero por igar ol plu fertila. On uzas multa minerala dungi, qui ne esas sterko. — DE
  • duodenum-o (anat.) duodenum. — DEFIS
  • dup-o dupe; -igar: to dupe, take in, make a person believe a falsehood; -ig-anto, -ero: cheat, trickster; -o-spoz-ulo: cuckold. Ex. Il lasis su dupigesar (da ulu) quale stultulo. — DEF
  • duplik-o (jur.) rejoinder. — DFIS
  • duplikat-o duplicate, identical copy. — DEFIRS
  • dur-ar (intr.) to last, endure, remain, continue, hold out; (cf. permanar, kontinua); -onta: to be continued (cf. pluso sequos). Ex.: La piramidi di Egiptia ankore duras. La skribado duras. Durigar diskurso, letro. Spaco e duro. Dur-iva stofi, instrumenti. Duranta joyi, chagreni. — DEFIRS
  • duramatr-o (anat.) dura mater. — DEFIS
  • durst-ar (intr., also fig.) to thirst, be thirsty; -igar: to cause t. to; sen- -igar: to quench the t. of. — DE
  • dush-ar (tr.) to douche: give a shower bath to. — DEFIRS
  • duv-o (barrel-) stave. Def. Duvi esas planki di specala formo, ek qui on kompozas la bareli. — DF
  • duyong-o dugong (Halicore dugong). Def.: Mar-hundo di la Malayal insularo (India-oceano, e.c.). — DEFIRS


E

  • -e- colored, having the color of: or-ea: golden; lakt-ea: milk-colored; sang-ea, blood-colored; sang-eo, -koloro, blood-color.
  • e(d) (conj.) and. — FI
  • e.c. et cetera (etc.).
  • eben-o, -ligno ebony; -iero, -arboro: e. tree; -isto: a worker in ebony: (fig.) an inlayer (of wood), cabinet maker (vid.: V. exp. karpentisto). — DEFIS
  • -ebl- -able, -ible; added to transitive verbal roots to express possibility and having an essentially passive sense (cf. -iv-): vid-ebla, visible; rupt-ebla, breakable; kred-ebla, credible.
  • ebonit-o ebonite. — DEFIRS
  • ebri-a, -ega, -ema, -eta drunken, intoxicated; -eso, -em-eso: inebrity, drunkenness, intoxication; -igar: to intoxicate; par- -igar: to make dead drunk. — EFIS
  • ebuli-ar (intr.) to form bubbles, to bubble up or froth (as water from a spring, blood from a vein; (fig.) to be boiling from anger or passion); (cf. efervecar, boliar); -o, -eso: bubbling, ebulition. — EFIS
  • ecel-ar (intr.) to excel; be excellent, be eminent, be superior (en, pri). Ex.: Ca homulo ecelas en omno quon il entraprezas. Ecelar pri natado; ecelanta libro, homo. Ecelo di frukto. — DEFI
  • ecelenc-o (title) excellency. Ex.: Lua ecelenco, la ambasadisto di ... — DEFIS
  • ecentrik-a (geom., mechan.) eccentric (wheel, rod, etc.). — DEFIS
  • ecept-ar (tr.) to except; leave out, exempt, exclude; -(ad)o, -ajo: (act, object) exception; -e: save, unless, except; -e ke (conj.) except (that), with the exception that; -a, -ala: exceptional; -ale: by way of exception. Def.: Ne inkluzar en, exkluzar de ula nombro. Ex.: Eceptar ula kondamniti de amnestio. Existas nula regulo sen eceptajo. Ecepte ica personi, omni iros. Me ne permisos ke vu iros, ecepte ke vu pagos la domaji. — EFIS
  • eces-ar (tr., intr.) to exceed; go beyond the proper limits; be guilty of excesses (in eating, drinking, etc.); -o, -ajo: (math.) difference by which one number exceeds another; transgression of due limits; abuse, waste; -anta, -iva: excessive; (fig.) exorbitant; -e: to excess, immoderately. Ex.: La debajo ecesas mil franki. Mea spensi ne ecesas mea recevaji. Ecesar pri manjado. Eceso en laborado. Koldeso ecesanta. Ecesanta superbeso. Preco ecesiva. — DEFIS
  • echop-o small wooden booth, stall. — F
  • ecit-ar (tr.) to excite: arouse, impel, incite, urge, provoke, prompt. Ex.: Ecitar ulu laborar, revoltar. Ecitar l’iraco, la jaluzeso. La novaji efektigas granda eciteso. Ecito di la nervi. Vivo ecitanta. Ecitiva medikamento. Ecitema homo. — EFIS
  • ed (conj.) and. — FI
  • -ed- -ful, contents of; denotes the quantity which fills something or (with verbal roots) the quantity determined by the nature of the act: glas-edo, a glassful; manu-edo, a handful; glut-edo, a swallow (quantity determined by the act of swallowing); pinch-edo, a pinch, a nip (quantity determined by the act of pinching or grasping with finger tips).
  • «edelweiss» edelweiss (Gnaphalium leontopodium) — DEFI
  • edem-o (med.) oedema. — DEFIS
  • eden-o Eden. — DEFIS
  • eder-o (zool.) eider (genus: Somateria). — DEFI
  • ederdun-o eider-down; -a kovr-ilo: e. quilt. — DEFS
  • edific-o edifice; large building. Def.: Expresas ulo plu general kam domo, kastelo; palaco; edifico esas quaze meza inter ta tri vorti. — EFIRS
  • edifik-ar (tr.) to edify: instruct, improve morally. Ex.: Edifikar ulu per prediko, per exemplo. Konduto, paroli edifik-anta, -ema, -iva. — EFIRS
  • edikt-ar (tr.) to enact: to order (by an edict); (cf. dekretar). Ex.: Draco(n) ediktis punisala legi di senkompata severeso. — DEFIRS
  • edil-o (Rom. hist.) edile. — DEFIS
  • «Edipus» Oedipus; (fig.) riddle-solver.
  • edit-ar (tr.) to publish (a book, a paper) (not E. ‘edit’ cf. redaktar): -(ad)o: publishing; -uro, -ajo: edition, publication; -anto, -ero, -isto: publisher. Def.: Imprimar (libro, jurnalo, e.c. por vendar); imprimar la texto di ula autoro. — DEFIRS
  • edr-o (geom.) face, outer surface of, superfice; outer configuration of a regularly crystalizing mineral, as a dodecahedron. — G
  • eduk-ar (tr.) to educate (children, people); to develop and cultivate the physical, intellectual and moral faculties; to form the manners of; to rear, raise, breed (cattle and other animals); to train, rear (plants); il esas yunulo male -ita: he is an ill-bred young man. V. exp.: La general ideo kovrata da «edukar» esas multe plu larja kam la intelektala edukado (di homi, infanti), qua koincidas preske kun l’instruktado; (kp. dresar). — EFIS
  • efac-ar (tr., lit. and fig.) to efface: erase, rub out, expunge; -esar: to be effaced, obliterated. (cf. obliterar), -ilo: eraser. rubber. Ex.: Efacar la skriburo qua esas sur tabelo. Esas neposibla efacar la impreso de mea mento. — EF
  • efeb-o (hist.) ephebus: virile youth. — DEFIS
  • efedrin-o ephedrine. — DEFIRS
  • efekt-o effect; -igar: to effect, effectuate, produce, bring about, cause; (cf. produktar, en-duktar, efikar); -igo: effecting, execution, action, causation. Ant.: kauzo, motivo. — DEFIRS
  • efektiv-o (milit.) effective force, strength. Def.: Vorto militala por expresar la fakte existanta nombro di la trupi de homi, kavali, kanoni e vehili; Ex.: Efektivo di triadekamil soldati. — DEFIS
  • efemer-a ephemeral, short-lived; -o, -a insekt-o: (ent.) ephemerid, dayfly. Ex.: Efemera floro, febro, feliceso. — DEFIS
  • efemerid-o ephemeris: astronomical almanac. — DEFIS
  • efervec-ar (intr., pr. and fig.) to effervesce, be effervescent. Def.: Ebuliado di gaso tra liquido; (fig.) emocar vivace, ma nedurante (ex. la eferveco dil pasioni). — EFIS
  • eficient-a efficient. Def.: Produktanta la maxim granda rezultajo dezirita po la minima energio-spenso. — EFIS
  • efik-ar (intr.) to be effectual, be efficacious; -eskar: to come into play, begin to take effect; -o: efficacy (action); -anta, -ema, -iva: efficacious, effectual, effective; -iv-eso, -em-eso: efficacy; ne- -anta, -iva; sen- -a: ineffectual, ineffective, inefficacious. Ex.: La moyeni efikas por la skopo. Efikiva remedio, kauzo. — EFIS
  • eflorec-ar (intr., chem.) to effloresce; (cf. flor-ifar); (med.) to come out in a rash, break out in pimples. Def.: Indikas fenomeno kemiala (formaco di kristali ye surfaco di solido o liquido), e fenomeno fiziologiala (mikra influro di la pelo). — DEFIS
  • efluvi-o effluvium. — DEFIS
  • -eg- denoting augmentation, intensity, a higher or extreme degree: pluv-ego, a downpour or torrent of rain; varm-ega, hot; grand-ega, immense, very big.
  • Egad-i (insuli) Egades Islands (Sicily).
  • egal-a equal; -esar: to be equal to (ulu, ulo); -igar: to equalize (ulo ad ulo); -(ul)o: an equal; -eso: equality; -es-ala, -ema: seeking or fond of equality, levelling: ne- -a: unequal; Ex.: Egala pezaji, korpi, yuri. Egalesar ulu en merito. La morto egaligas omni. Egaleso di preco, di evo, di forteso. — DEFIS
  • egar-ar (tr.) to mislay: lose for the moment; -esar: to be mislaid, missing. V. exp.: One ofte egaras kozi sen perdar oli. ‘Me mis-pozis mea plumiero sur la tablo; ol falis en la paperkorbo, e tale egaresis: ma ol ne esis perdita’. — F
  • egard-ar (tr.) to pay regard to, take (ulu, ulo) into account; -o: regard, consideration, respect; -e: regard being had to; egarde sua yuneso: in consideration of his youth. Ex.: L’autoro di ta pikturo ne egardis la neceseso di la perspektivo. Bona judiciisto judicias sen egardo ad la persono, il nur egardas lo bona di la stato. — EF
  • egid-o aegis; (fig.) protection. — DEFIS
  • Egipti-a Egypt; -ano: Egyptian.
  • eglefin-o (ich.) haddock (genus: Aeglefinus). — FL
  • ego ego; the self; ‘das Ich’; -ismo: egoism; -isto: egotist; -ista: egoistic; selfish; mea altra ego: my other self; mea propra ego: my own self. — DEFIRS
  • egorj-ar (tr.) to cut the throat of (ulu). Def.: Ocidar per kultel-frapo en la kolo (fauco). — F
  • egotism-o egotism. — EFIRS
  • eis (mus.) E sharp.
  • ejekt-ar (tr., tech.) to eject, cast out, expel, discharge, void. — DEFIS
  • ek-o echo; -igar: to echo. Ex.: La vakua chambri ekigis nia pedopazi. (fig.) Kelki ekigas stultaji di altri. — DEFIRS
  • ek (prep.) (general sense) out; (indicating motion) adportez stulo ek ta chambro: bring a chair out of that room; lu prenis ca folio ek la tir-kesto: he took this leaf from the drawer (N.B. not to be confounded with de where point of departure is to be indicated: letro de Boston, letter from Boston); (indicating the material a thing is made of, extracted from) vazo ek oro: a gold vase; ek quo esas ta tasi? li esas ek porcelano: what are the cups made of? they are made of china; (indicating fractional parts) nonadek ek cent: 90 out of 100 (90%); en ca armeo, 5 ek 100 esas ocidita, 10 ek 100 vundita: in this army, five out of (every) 100 were killed, and ten per cent were wounded.
  • «ekarte» (card game) ecarte.
  • ek-fluar (intr.) to flow out; -eyo: outlet; -anta: effluent.
  • ekidn-o (zool.) echidna (genus: Echidna, sp. Hystrix). Def.: Australiana mamifero sendenta, qui ovifas, nutras su per insekti. — DEFIS
  • ekimos-o (med.) ecchymosis; black and blue spot. — DEFIS
  • ekin-o (zool.) echinus, -oid; sea-urchin. — EIL
  • ekinoderm-o (zool.) echinoderm. — DEFIS
  • ek-ir-ar (intr.) to go out, get out, walk out; -igar: to make (ulu) go out from; to remove (ulu) from one place to another.
  • eklampsi-o (med.) eclampsia. Def.: Specala konvulso dum infanteso, uremio o parturo-stando. — DEFIS
  • ek-lans-ar (tr.) to fling out, send forth.
  • eklektik-a eclectic. — DEFIRS
  • eklezi-o church (as an institution; cf. kirko); -ano: church-member. — EFIRS
  • eklips-ar (tr., astron. and fig.) to eclipse. — EFIRS
  • ekliptik-o (astron.) ecliptic. — DEFIRS
  • eklog-o eclogue. — DEFIRS
  • ek-migr-ar (intr.) to emigrate. Ant.: en-migr-ar.
  • ek-mod-igar (tr.) to cause to go out of fashion; -eskar: to become out of fashion; -a: old-fashioned.
  • ekologi-o ecology. Def.: Cienco di relati inter la organismi e la medio en qua li vivas, kun la cirkonstanci organika e ne-organika di la existo. — DEFIS
  • ekonom-o steward. — DFIRS
  • ekonomi-o economy; pecuniary management, administration; (not saving, cf. sparo). Def.: La administrado financala di domo, societo o stato; metafore on parolas pri l’ekonomio di organismo, konsiderante lua gani (nutrado) e spensi (perdi di materio e di energio). Ex.: On parolas pri ekonomio hemala (menajala), urbala, rurala, nacionala. — DEFIRS
  • ekonomik-o economics (science of); -ala: economic (theory); -isto: (political) economist; nacionala -o: political economy. Def.: La cienco o teorio dil ekonomio. La ciencisti qui okupas su pri la teorio nomesas «ekonomikisti». — DEFIRS
  • ekosistem-o ecosystem. Def.: Sencese interrelatanta ensemblo de *biocenoso e biotopo — DEFIRS
  • ek-osmos-o (phys.) exosmosis
  • ek-pren-ar (tr.) to take out, withdraw (money, etc.)
  • ek-pres-ar (tr.) to squeeze out, press out
  • ek-puls-ar to expel, thrust out, turn out; -ala, -anta: expulsive, expelling; -ar de la patrio: to expatriate; (cf. expirar)
  • ek-rel-igar to derail; -irar: to go off the track
  • ek-sekrec-ar (tr.) to excrete
  • ek-spric-ar (intr.) to spurt out, ejaculate
  • ek-sufl-ar (tr.) to blow out
  • ek-ter-igar to exhume, dig out, disinter, unearth
  • ek-teritori-a exter-, extraterritorial
  • ek-tir-ar (tr.) to draw out
  • ektopi-o ectopia. — DEFIRS
  • ek-tranch-ar to cut off, amputate, cut off, excise (cf. amputar)
  • ekumenik-a (rel.) ecumenical. — DEFIS
  • ek-vars-ar (tr.) to empty out, pour off, spill.
  • ek-vok-ar (tr.) to call out or up (ulu)
  • ekzem-o (med.) eczema. — DEFIRS
  • el(u) she, her; -i: they (fem.); -ua: (sing.) her(s); -ia: (pl.) their (fem.); pro quo vu prenas elua libri? why do you take her books? lektez la vui e lasez la elui: read your own and let hers alone; il ri-trovis elua libri: he (re-)found her books; prenez elia manteli kun la vii: take their coats with your own. — FIS
  • elabor-ar to elaborate. Def.: Produktar per laboro, precipue pri mentala produkturi, a qui on aplikas diligenteso e sorgo. — EFIS
  • elastik-a elastic, springy, rebounding; -eso: elasticity; -o, -ajo: an elastic object. — DEFIRS
  • elefant-o elephant. — DEFIRS
  • elefantiaz-o (med.) elephantiasis. — DEFIS
  • elegant-a elegant; fashionable (cf. segun-moda); -(ul)o: person of fashion or elegance; -(eg)ajo: exquisite object; -a mond-umo: the fashionable world. — DEFIRS
  • elegi-o elegy. — DEFIRS
  • elekt-ar (tr.) to elect (ulu, ek, inter); -(ad)o: election, polling; -iva: elective; -anto, -ero: elector, constituent; -ala, -er-ala: electoral; -er-aro: electorate; -ito: person elected; -o-yuro: right to or of election. — EFIS
  • elektr-o electricity; -ala, -oza: electric; -izar: to electrify; -isto: electrician; -ala baterio: e. battery; -ala klosh-(et)o: e. bell; mortigar (ulu) per elektro-skoko (od, elektro-mort-igar): to electrocute; -o-lumo: e. light; -o-magnet-ala: e.magnetic. — DEFIRS
  • elektrod-o elektrode. — DEFIRS
  • elektro-dinamik-o electro-dynamics
  • elektrofor-o (phys.) electrophorus. — DEFIRS
  • elektro-kemi-o electro-chemistry
  • elektrolit-o electrolyte. — DEFIRS
  • elektroliz-ar (tr., chem.) to electrolize. — DEFIRS
  • elektrologi-o electrology. — DEFIRS
  • elektrometr-o electrometer. — DEFIRS
  • elektromobil-o an electric automobile. — DEFIRS
  • elektron-o electron. — DEFIRS
  • elektronik-o electronics. — EFS
  • elektroskop-o electroscope. — DEFIRS
  • elektro-statik-o electrostatics. — DEFIRS
  • elektro-teknik-o electrical engineering
  • elektro-terapi-o electro-therapeutics
  • elektuari-o (pharm.) electuary. — DEFIS
  • element-o (all senses) element; -a, -ala: elemental. — DEFIRS
  • elev-ar (tr.) to elevate, raise on high; (not to make higher in dimension; cf. plu-alt-igar); -(ad)o: elevation (act; cf. alt-ajo; elevaciono); -anta: (phys. sense) elevating; -ilo: elevator. V. exp.: Elevar adjuntas a levar ideo di alteso, di supera nivelo. On levas de tero (til su) ulo falinta; on elevas aquo, stoni a la supro di domo konstruktata. — EFIRS
  • elevacion-o (design) elevation, raised-plan, side-view. Def.: Desegno di l’extera formi di ula korpo vidata en horizontal direciono. — EFS
  • elevator-o (mechan., anat.) elevator. Def.: Aparato por elevar od abasar vertikale homi o kozi de ula etajo ad altra. — DEFIRS
  • elf-o elf; -ala, -atra: elfin. — DEFIRS
  • elimin-ar (tr.) to eliminate. Ex.: Eliminar nomo de la listo di kandidati. Eliminar toxikaji de la korpo. Eliminar de equaciono. — DEFIS
  • elips-o (geom., gram.) ellipse, ellipsis. — DEFIRS
  • elipsoid-o (geom.) ellipsoid. — DEF
  • elit-o (milit. and fig.) the elite (of any army); choice troops, best men, flower (of army); (cf. eminent-aro). — DEF
  • elitr-o (ent.) elytrum: wing sheath of beetles. — EFIS
  • elixir-o elexir. — DEFIRS
  • Elize-o (myth. and fig.) Elysium; -ala agri: Elysian fields. — DEFIRS
  • elizion-ar (tr., gram.) to elide. — DEFIS
  • eloquent-a eloquent; (fig.) which produces the same effect as an eloquent speech. Ex.: Eloquenta parolanto, stilo. Lakrimi, silenco eloquenta. — DEFIS
  • elud-ar (tr.) to elude, evade; -ema, -iva: elusive, evasive. Def.: Evitar habile, rapide, ruzoze. Ex.: On eludas la frapo di espado; on eludas vizito, invito, obligo, tasko, questiono. Eludema respondo. — EFIS
  • em-o aim. Def.: Finala punto vizata (intencata). — E
  • -em- joined especially to verbal roots signifies: (persons) inclined to; disposition, bent: atak-ema, aggressive; babil-ema, talkative, gossipy; labor-ema, industrious; (cf. -atr-).
  • emali-o enamel; -izar: to e.; -o parietoza: cloisonné. — DFIS
  • eman-ar (intr.) to emanate (de, ek). Ex.: Lumo emanas de la suno. Odori esas emani. — DEFIS
  • emancip-ar (tr.) to emancipate (ulu, de). Ex. Emancipar sklavo, populo, (fig.) emancipar la mento. — DEFIRS
  • embaras-ar (tr.) to embarrass; to obstruct, clog up; to encumber, hamper, hinder; (in gen.) to hinder movement (physical, mental); ca veturi embarasas la voyo: these vehicles block up the street; mea mantelo embarasas me: my cloak encumbers me; mea aferi esas en embarasita stando: my affairs (business) are in an embarrassed state; questiono embarasanta: embarrassing question; bagajo embarasanta: cumbersome baggage; (kp. intrik-ar). — EFIS
  • embarg-ar (tr., naut. and fig.) to embargo, lay an e. on: prohibit to leave port; (jur.) to distrain, to levy a distress or execution, to garnishee or attack (for debt); pago- -o: lien. Def.: Embargo: (1) interdikto a stranjera navo en-irar od ek-irar portuo; (2) legal sequestro di mobli od imobli di debanto por garantiar pago di debo; (3) pag-embargo: legal sequestro, di un kreditanto A., di sumo debata da un debanto B., ad altra persono C. por pagar debo di C. ad A. — DEFIRS
  • embark-ar (tr., intr.) to embark: go or put on board (ulu, ulo, en); Def.: Enirar navo; pozar en navo. — EFIS
  • emberiz-o (orni.) bunting (Emberiza). L
  • emblem-o emblem. Ex.: La hanulo esas emblemo (E. symbol) di vigilemeso. Emblemi di rejeso. — DEFIRS
  • embot-ar (tr., tech.) to cold-roll, to stamp, bend or beat out (sheet metal); -ar kasrolo ek kupro: to cold-roll or beat out a copper saucepan. Def.: Kurvigar duktila metali, en kolda stando, por konvexigar un latero e konkavigar l’altra. — FS
  • embrac-ar (tr.) to embrace, clasp, hug (in arms); to bracket; -ilo: (typog.) brace ( { } ) — EFIS
  • embrag-ar (tr., intr., tech.) to clutch, put in gear; establish contact between the motive power and that which starts the movement. Def.: Solidigar (en un instanto, e por irga duro) du axi per diversa mediata instrumenti ed organi. Ex.: Rimen-transmiso «embragas», kande on igas la rimeno pasar de libera pulio sur fixa pulio sam-axa e sam-periferia; (kp. ingranar, kuplar). — F
  • embrazur-o (arch., fort.) embrasure. — EFR
  • embriogeni-o (physiol.) embryogeny. — DEFIRS
  • embriologi-o embryology. — DEFIRS
  • embrion-o embryo. — DEFIS
  • embrok-ar (tr., med.) to embrocate; rub with a lotion. — DEFIS
  • embusk-ar (tr.) to ambush; lie in concealment for; -ar su: to hide oneself; -o, -eyo: ambuscade. — EFIS
  • emend-ar (tr.) to emend (a fault), rectify, free from error; (leg.) to amend (a law). V. exp.: On plubonigas o korektigas kozo, verko, ma ne defekto; on ne povas igar defekto «bona» o korekta, on simple supresas ol. Konseque on devas dicar: emendar defekto. On korektigas la kozo, emendante lua defekti. — DEFIS
  • emerit-a emeritus; retired. Ex.: Profesoro emerita. — DEFIS
  • emers-ar (intr.) to emerge (from a liquid); (fig.) to rise into view. Ant.: imersar, submersar. — EFIS
  • emetik-o (pharm.) emetic. — DEFIS
  • emetrop-a (opt.) emmetropic. — DEF
  • emfaz-ar (tr., rhet.) to emphasize, stress; -ala, -oza, -atra, -ema: emphatic. — DEFIRS
  • emfizem-o emphysema. — DEFIRS
  • eminenc-o (title) Eminence. Ex.: Lua eminenco, la kardinalo. — DEFIS
  • eminent-a (quality) eminent, superior; (of place) conspicuous; (cf. remarkinda); -(ul)o: e. person, notability; -eso: eminence: superiority, excellence (cf. ecelo, alt-ajo); -aro: the elite, pick of a group; -ega: most e. Ex.: Eminenta homulo, ofico, rango. Vertuo, servo eminenta. — DEFIRS
  • emir-o (title) Ameer, Emir. — DEFIRS
  • emis-ar (tr.) to emit: send forth, give out; (finan.) to issue (for circulation). Ex.: La kalor-radii quin la suno emisas. Emiso di monet-papero. — DEFIS
  • emoc-ar, -eskar (intr.) to feel emotion, be agitated, moved; -igar: to cause e. to. Ex.: El parolis tote sen emoco. Lua aspekto emocigis me. Quik kande me vidis il, me emocis. — EFIRS
  • empal-ar (tr.) to impale (ulu). — EFIS
  • empati-o empathy. — DEFIRS
  • emperial-o top, roof, outside (of a coach with seats). — FIS
  • empire-o empyrean. Def.: Maxim alta cielo di antiqua mitologio e kosmologio; (poet.) la cielo. — DEFIRS
  • empirik-o empiricism (method); -ismo: empiricism (doctrine); -ala: empirical. — DEFIRS
  • emplastr-o (med.) (sticking-) plaster (for the body; cf. kataplasmo). Def.: Medikamenta preparajo aplikita sur la pelo. — DEFIS
  • employ-ar (tr.) to employ (ulu); (cf. uzar); -ato: employee, -anto, -ero, -isto: employer; -o-kontoro: employment-office. Def.: Expresas la relato di patrono a salariato. — EFS
  • empost-o (arch.) impost. — DEFIS
  • emu-o emu. — DEFIRS
  • emul-a emulous. Def.: Qua penas egalesar od superesar la ceteri en laudinda kozi o loyala konkurso. Ex.: On kurajigas la emuleso inter la lernanti. — EFIS
  • emuls-ar (tr.) to emulsify. — DEFIRS
  • emund-ar (tr., hort.) to lop, prune, trim; (fig.) to remove anything useless, noxious or inferior. Def.: Branchotaliar; (vulgarasenco) netigar, beligar o preparar kozo per depreno di omna parti o peci neutila, nebona o nebela. Ex.: Emundar arboro. Emundar legumi, salado, ucelo, fisho (por koquar oli). Metafore, on emundas kalkulo, la konduto di ulu, verko literatural od artal, e.c. — FIS
  • en (prep.) in, of time and place; when really necessary to indicate motion into a place (into) ad should be prefixed: la ucelo flugis aden la kajo: the bird flew into the cage. (En la kajo may mean that the bird was flying about the cage); en la vintro: in the winter; en la urbo: in the city: il venis ad-en la laboratorio: he came into the laboratory. — DEFIS
  • en-abism-igar to cast into the abyss, swallow up, ingulf.
  • en-angul-igar to drive or put into a corner.
  • enartros-o (anat.) enarthrosis. — DEF
  • en-barel-igar to barrel, put into casks.
  • en-bek-igar to put (ulo) into the beak of; to feed (a bird).
  • en-botel-igar to bottle.
  • en-brigad-igar to form into a brigade.
  • en-burs-igar to put into one’s purse, to pocket (money).
  • encefal-o (anat.) encephalon. — EFIS
  • encefalit-o (med.) encephalitis: inflammation of the brain. — DEF
  • en-celul-igar to put into a cell, into cells.
  • en-cen-igar to put on the stage.
  • enciklik-a encyclical: circular; -o: e. letter: papal letter. — DEF
  • enciklopedi-o encyclopedia. — DEFIRS
  • en-cirkl-igar to encircle.
  • -end- used to form adjectives from verbal roots; has an essentially passive sense; indicating something to be or which must be done: (ulo) kred-enda, (something) which must be believed; pag-enda, to be, must be paid; solv-enda, to be, must be solved; (cf. note under -ind-).
  • endemi-o (med.) endemic disease. — DEFIRS
  • endetal-a (com.) retail; -e: by retail; -(vend)isto: retailer. Ant.: engrosa.
  • endivi-o (bot.) endive (Cichorium endivia).
  • endogami-o endogamy (sociol.) — DEFIRS
  • endokard-o (anat.) endocardium.
  • endokarp-o (bot.) endocarp.
  • endokrinologi-o endocrinology. — DEFIRS
  • endorfin-o endorphin. — DEFIRS
  • endoskop-o endoscope. — DEFIRS
  • endoskopi-o endoscopy. — DEFIRS
  • en-dukt-ar (tr.) to lead (ulu) into (ulo), to introduce; (fig.) to involve (in a plot, etc.).
  • eneagon-o (geom.) enneagon.
  • enemik-o an enemy, foe; -ala: hostile, inimical; -al-ajo: hostile act or object; -eso: enmity, hostility; -igar: to render hostile; Def.: Persono qua havas des-amikala sentimento. Ant.: amiko. — EFIS
  • energetik-o energetics : theory or science of energy. — DEFIRS
  • energi-o energy; -ala, -oza: energetic. — DEFIRS
  • en-faktur-igar to invoice, bill.
  • en-fang-igar to bemire, to sink (ulo) in the mud.
  • enfil-ar (tr., milit.) to enfilade; -o-paf-(ad)o: e. fire. — DEFIS
  • en-filtr-ar (tr., intr., also fig.) to infiltrate.
  • en-flu-ar (tr. intr.) to flow in; -eyo: place of inflow; -anto: affluent, tributary (stream).
  • en-fok-igar to put in focus.
  • en-forn-igar to put into an oven or a kiln.
  • en-gain-igar to sheath (a sword, etc.).
  • engaj-ar (tr.) to engage: to hire (ulu); (milit.) to enlist (ulu, su). — DEFIRS
  • engros-a wholesale; -(vend)isto: wholesaler. Ant.: endetala.
  • enigmat-o enigma, riddle, puzzle. — EFIS
  • en-ir-ar (tr., intr.) to enter, come in; -o: entering, entree; -eyo: entrance, -igar: to cause to enter.
  • en-kadr-igar to frame.
  • en-kaj-igar to cage.
  • en-karcer-igar to incarcerate, lock-up, confine, imprison; (cf. inkluzar).
  • en-kas-igar to collect or put away (money, etc. in a treasury).
  • enkaustik-a, -o (paint.) encaustic. — DEFIS
  • en-kazern-igar to quarter in barracks.
  • en-kest-igar to incase; box up.
  • enklitik-a, -o (gram.) enclitic. — DEFIS
  • en-klostr-igar to cloister (ulu).
  • en-kofr-igar to put (ulo) in a coffer, trunk.
  • en-korp-igar to incorporate: mix into one substance or mass (also fig.) Ex.: Enkorpigar oro e arjento. Enkorpigar legi en kodexo. Enkorpigar teritorio stranjera. Enkorpigo di komercal societo.
  • en-lanj-igar to wrap in swaddling clothes.
  • en-lit-igar to confine (ulu) to bed; -ar su: to take to one’s bed.
  • enlumin-ar (tr.) to illuminate (a book); (cf. ascendar, lum-izar, iluminar); to color (an engraving, map). — DEFIS
  • en-magazin-igar to warehouse, store.
  • en-migr-ar (intr.) to immigrate. Ant.: ek-migrar.
  • en-mix-ar (tr.) to mix in, mingle.
  • enorm-a enormous. Def. grandega, grosega, kolos(atr)a, monstr(atr)a.
  • en-osmos-o (phys.) endosmose.
  • enoter-o evening primrose. — IRS
  • enoy-ar (intr.) to feel dull, be bored, be weary (because of inaction or monotony); -ig-anta, -iva: boring, irksome; -igar: to bore (ulu); me enoyas pro la manko di amuzo: I am dull for lack of amusement; la monotoneso enoyigas me: the monotony wearies me; la longa vartado esas enoyiganta: the long wait is wearisome; (cf. tedar, iritar). — EFI
  • en-pak-igar to pack up, make into a bundle.
  • en-posh-igar to pocket, put in pocket (ulo).
  • en-pot-igar to pot.
  • en-sak-igar to sack, bag.
  • ensembl-o the whole, ensemble; all parts taken together; general effect, collectivity, aggregate, totality; (cf. kune, entote); omna parti kune efektigas bela ensemblo: all parts taken together produce a fine general effect; kantar ensemble: to sing all together, ensembla movi: mass movements. — DEFR
  • en-skrib-ar (tr.) to inscribe; -uro: inscription.
  • ent-o (philos. and fig.) entity, being. — EFIS
  • entablament-o (arch.) entablement, entablature. — DEFIRS
  • en-tali-ar (tr.) to cut into (so as to produce a certain form); (carp.) -artrabo: to mortise a beam. Ex.: On entalias roko, tero por facar trancheo, tunelo, min-truo, e.c.
  • entam-ar (tr.) to cut the first piece of, make a first cut, incision; (fig.) to encroach upon, begin upon, open up. Def.: Facar l’unesma trancho, l’unesma frapo, brecho, nocho, e figurale komencar; iniciar od inaugurar ulo. Ex.: Entamar pano, botelo, pasteto, poto de konfituri; frapo (stroko di kultelo, o spado). Entamar (E. incise, cut) la pelo, la muskuli, la osto. Prodigemo entamas sua kapitalo. — F
  • en-ter-igar to inter, bury (in the ground); (cf. sepultar).
  • enterit-o (med.) enteritis.
  • entern-ar (tr.) to intern: confine in a place or country. — DEFIS
  • entimem-o (log.) enthymeme. — DEFIRS
  • entomologi-o entomology; -isto: entomologist. — DEFIRS
  • en-tote on the whole, in all, altogether.
  • entraprez-ar (tr.) to undertake, engage to perform, take in hand, contract for; (cf. asumar); -(ad)o: undertaking (act); -ajo: what is u.; the enterprise, contract; -isto: contractor, undertaker, masterbuilder; -ema: enterprising. Ex.: Columbus entraprezis la deskovro di la kontinento ocidental. Entraprezar voyajo, konquesto. Me entraprezis la feliceso di mil homi desfortunoza: (E. I undertook to make a thousand unfortunate beings happy.) Ta firmo entrapezis la furniso di liti ad la armeo. La entraprezo di la kanalo di Suez esis laboro kolosala. Homulo entraprezema. — EFIS
  • entraten-ar (tr.) to support, keep (with the needs of life) (ulu); -o: maintenance, livelihood. Def.: Furnisar a lu omno necesa por la vivo e komforto. — F
  • entrav-ar (tr.) to shackle, fetter, trammel (a horse); (fig.) to clog, impede, embarrass. Def.: Impedar o jenar la marcho di animalo per irga moyeno. — FS
  • entre-o (cook.) entrée, side-dish. Def.: Disho qua venas pos la fisho ed ante la rostajo. — DEFS
  • entrechat-o (dancing.) «entrechat»: a cross-caper. — DFIR
  • entremes-o (cook.) entremets, side dish. Def.: Disho inter la repasto propre dicita e la desero. — DEFIS
  • entren-ar (tr.) to train (horses for racing); -ero, -isto: horsetrainer, pacemaker. — EFS
  • entresol-o mezzanine, entresol. — DEFS
  • en-tron-igar to enthrone.
  • entropi-o entropy. — DEFIRS
  • entuziasm-ar, -eskar (intr.) to be, become enthusiastic (por, pri); -igar: to enthuse (ulu). V.exp.: On entuziasmas pri granda ideo o pri bela verko, quan on admiras; entuziasmo implikas nula specala kapableso, quankam ol incitas ad agado. On esas inspirata (tacite e metafore: da la dei, la Muzi, e.c.) kande on trovas bona idei ed expresi, en literatural od artal kompozado. On havas vervo, kande on parolas kun facileso, inventemeso ed agreabla vivaceso. — DEFIRS
  • enumer-ar (tr.) to enumerate; reckon up singly, count or tell off. — EFIS
  • enunc-ar (tr.) to enunciate: express by speech or by writing: -uro, -ajo: enunciation, statement. Ex.: Enuncar sua idei, opinioni, problemo. — EFIS
  • en-vars-ar (tr.) to pour in, infuse.
  • envelop-ar (tr., pr. and fig.) to envelop; cover up (ulu, ulo, su); -ilo: covering, wrap, casing (not of letter-envelope; cf. kuverto). V. exp.: Envelopar signifikas nur: tegar omna parti di l’objekto, enklozar ol en tegilo. Envolvar implikas la ideo di volvar, qua ipsa implikas ideo analoga a rular: volvar esas pozar ula objekto sur altra, turnante ol cirkum ica; envolvar esas envelopar la duesma per l’unesma, volvante. — DEFI
  • envergur-o span, extent of wing or sail spread. Def.: Dimensiono di ucelo, o di flugilo (o di seglo) inter la extremaji di la ali extensita. — FS
  • envidi-ar (tr.) to envy, (be)grudge, be envious of (ulu, pri ulo; ulo, ad ulu). Ex.: Il sempre envidias la suceso di sua frato. Envidio esas kompozita de jaluzeso e de odio. Il havas envidi-ema, -oza mento. — EFIS
  • en-volv-ar (tr.) to wrap, fold up in; -ar varme: to muffle, wrap warmly. V. exp. vid. envelopar.
  • enzim-o enzyme. Def.: Fermento solvebla. — DEF
  • eocen-o (geol.) eocene. — DEFIS
  • Eol-ala harpo Eolian harp.
  • Eoli-ana Eolian (race, dialect).
  • eolipil-o eolipile. — DEFIS
  • eon-o eon. Def.: Evo dil universo, kosmal e geologiala ciklo. — DEF
  • eozin-o (chem.) eosin. — DEF
  • epakt-o (astron.) epact. — DEFIRS
  • epark-o (antiq.) eparch: governer of a province. — DEFIRS
  • eperlan-o (ich.) smelt (Osmerus eperlanus). — FIL
  • epicen-a (gram.) epicene; common to both sexes. — DEFIS
  • epicentr-o epicentre. — DEFIRS
  • epicikl-o (astron.) epicycle. — DEFIRS
  • epicikloid-o (geom.) epicycloid. — DEFIRS
  • epidemi-a, -o: epidemic (disease). — DEFIRS
  • epidemiologi-o epidemiology. — DEFIRS
  • epiderm-o (anat.) epidermis, cuticle. — DEFIRS
  • epidural-a epidural. — DEFIRS
  • epifani-o (rel.) Epiphany. — DEFIRS
  • epifit-o (bot.) epiphyte. — DE
  • epifiz-o (anat., zool.) epiphysis. — DE
  • epigastr-o (anat.) epigastrium. — DEF
  • epiglot-o (anat.) epiglottis. — DEF
  • epigon-o epigone; a successor, ordinarily an inferior one. — DE
  • epigraf-o epigraph, inscription. Def.: La skriburo quan on trovas o pozas sur la monumenti. — DEFIRS
  • epigrafi-o epigraphy. Def.: La cienco dil epigrafi. — DEFIRS
  • epigram-o epigram. — DEFIRS
  • epik-a, -ala, -atra epic; -ajo: e.poem; -isto: e.poet. — DEFIRS
  • Epikur-ismo Epicurism; -ana, -ano: Epicurean. — DEFIRS
  • epilepsi-o (med.) epilepsy; -ala: epileptic: relating to the disease; -ika, -iko: epileptic (person). — DEFIRS
  • epilog-o epilogue. Ant.: prologue. — DEFIRS
  • Epir-o Epirus; -ano: an Epirot.
  • episkop-o bishop (also in chess); -aro: episcopate (collect.); -ala: episcopal; -io: bishopric (jurisdiction); -eso: episcopacy (office, dignity); -eyo: b. palace. — DEFIRS
  • epistemologi-o epistemology. — DEFIS
  • epistol-o (rel., lit.) epistle; -ala: epistolary. — DEFIRS
  • epitaf-o epitaph: inscription on a tomb. — DEFIRS
  • epitalami-o epithalamium; nuptial song. — DEFIS
  • epiteli-o (anat.) epithelium. — DEFIRS
  • epitet-o epithet. Def. Vorto adjuntata a substantivo por qualifikar ol. — DEFIRS
  • epitom-o epitomy, compendium, abridgment (of a book); -igar: to epitomize. — DEFIRS
  • epizod-o episode; an incidental narrative or digression; an event. — DEFIRS
  • epizooti-a, -o epizootic disease (among animals). — DEFIRS
  • epod-o epode; lyric poem. — DEFIRS
  • epok-o epoch; -if-anta: e.making; -ala: epochal. — DEFIRS
  • epolet-o (milit.) epaulet. — DEFIRS
  • epruvet-o test-tube. — FIS
  • equacion-o (math.) equation. — EFIS
  • Equador Ecuador.
  • equator-o equator; -alo, -ala teleskopo: equatorial, e. telescope. — DEFIRS
  • equi- equi-. Def.: Prefixo ciencala signifikanta “egala”. — DEFIS
  • equi-angul-a (geom.) equiangular.
  • equi-dist-anta equidistant.
  • equi-later-a (geom.) equilateral.
  • equilibr-ar (intr., tr.) to be in state of equilibrium, balance, counterpoise; -igar: to equilibrate; to put in balance equilibrium (ulo); -o: equilibrium, equipoise, balance; -oza: well-balanced; -isto: equilibrist, juggler. Ex.: «A equilibras B», o: «A e B equilibras» = «Existas relato di equilibro inter A e B». «X (aganto) equilibrigas A e B», o «A per B». On uzas equilibrigar nur por l’extera aganto, qua pozas la forci (pezi, e.c.) en equilibro, qua efektigas l’equilibro sen partoprenar ol. — EFIRS
  • equi-mult-opl-a, -o equimultiple.
  • equinox-o equinox. — DEFIS
  • equip-ar (tr.) to equip, fit out (a ship, an expedition, a soldier); (cf. provizar). — DEFIR
  • equipol-o (log., math.) equipollence: equivalence.
  • equiset-o (bot.) horsetails (genus equisetum). — EL
  • equitat-o equity; natural justice. Def.: Yusteso natural, segun la komuna raciono, quan on opozas a la yusteso legal, a la yuro. — EFIS
  • equival-ar (tr.) to be equivalent to (ulo). — DEFIRS
  • -er- denotes a person occupied in a customary though not professional activity or occupation: fum-ero, smoker (one who habitually smokes); dans-ero, dancer (but not a professional); fotograf-ero, an amateur photographer. This suffix is also used for animals (or even things) to denote characteristic action: rept-ero, a reptile (cf. -ajo with intransitive verbs); rod-ero, a rodent; klim-ero, a climber (a plant, for instance, which has a tendency to climb). Note: It differs from the present participle in that it refers to an habitual act, while -anto indicates a person performing a mere act at the present time. A dans-anto is simply a person now dancing (possibly one who never danced before); dans-ero refers to a person accustomed to dance (though not professionally; cf. -ist).
  • er-o era. Ex.: La ero Kristanala. — DEFIRS
  • eratik-a (geol.) transported from its original location or bed (stones, etc.); (fig.) erratic; deviating from the common course. — DEFIS
  • erc-o (min.) ore; fer- -o: iron ore. — D
  • erekt-ar (tr.) to erect; stand (ulu, ulo) straight up, set up (ulo). V. exp.: On erektas monumento, statuo, kolono, masto. Persono anke erektas su, mem kande lu ja stacas. «Il levis su, stacas senmova dum kelka instanti, e pose erektas su sur la pedo-pinti (por regardar super la muro)». On ne povas dicar rekt-igar, nam on ne rektigas masto ja rekta; pluse on rekt-igas en omna direcioni, ma on erektas nur vertikale, ad-supre. — DEFIS
  • eremit-o eremite, hermit.
  • erg-o erg (unit of work). — DEFIRS
  • ergot-o ergot, fungus disease of grains. — EF
  • ergotin-o (chem.) ergotine, extract of ergot. — DEF
  • ergotism-o (med.) ergotism, state of health caused by eating ergot. — DEF
  • -eri- denotes an establishment especially industrial: imprim-erio, a printing establishment; distil-erio, a distillery; lakt-erio, a dairy; chapel-if-erio, a hat factory; (cf. note under -ey-).
  • erik-o (bot.) heather (genus: Erica); -eyo: heath. — DIL
  • eringi-o eryngo. — EI
  • Eritre-a Erythea.
  • eritrozin-o erythrosin; a red coloring matter. — DE
  • erizipel-o (med.) erysipelas. — EFIS
  • ermin-o (zool.) ermine (Mustela or Putorius ermineus); -felo: ermine (fur.) — DEFIS
  • ermit-o hermit; (fig.) recluse. — DEFIRS
  • ermit-krab-o hermit-crab (Pagarus Bernhardus). — E
  • erod-ar (tr., geol., med. etc.) to erode, corrode, eat away. — DEFIS
  • erogen-a erogenous. — DEFIRS
  • eror-ar (intr.) to err, be mistaken; -ego, -acho: blunder, egregious mistake; -a, -oza: erroneous, mistaken; -iva fallible; -igar: to cause (ulu) to err, lead astray, deceive (without bad intention; cf. trompar); -ig-anta: improper; causing to err. — EFIS
  • erotik-a erotic. — DEFIRS
  • erste (of time) not before, not until (then), only (not earlier than), for the first time; erste hiere: not before yesterday, yesterday for the first time. Def.: Tam tarde kam (referas preciza instanto, adjuntante la penso: ne plu frue). Ex.: Me venos erste morge = me venos morge, ne ante. La proxima numero di ca jurnalo aparos erste komence di agosto. Ja en la printempo me suspektis il, ma erste dum lua somervakanco me recevis certeso. Il remarkis l’eroro erste ye la sequanta matino. — D
  • erud-ar (tr.) to make erudite (ulu, su); -esar: to be e.; -ita: learned; -ito: e. person; -it-eso: erudition, scholarship. — EFIS
  • erupt-ar (intr. geol. and gen.) to erupt: to break forth from an inclosure, to make an outburst; (med.) to break out in pimples, pustules, rash; -igar: to cause an e. in (ulo, ulu); -ar per insulti: to burst forth into abuse; la -o di volkano: the eruption of a volcano. — DEFIS
  • erv-o (bot.) bitter-vetch (Ervum). — DFISL
  • es-ar (intr.) to be; -o: being (fact of; cf. ento). As a suffix: -ion, -ness, -ity, -tude, -ship, etc. used abstractly; denoting with non-verbal roots a state or quality: infant-eso, infancy, childhood, childishness; malad-eso, sickness; bel-eso, beauty; qual-eso, quality; vir-eso, manliness, virility. With verbal roots, it denotes a passive state: exhaust-eso, exhaustion (state of being exhausted); expans-eso, expansion. — EFIRS
  • es (mus.) E flat.
  • esam-o swarm (of bees, etc.); -ifar: to swarm: collect in a s. — FI
  • esay-o (lit.) essay. — DEFS
  • esbos-ar (tr., of plastic arts and fig.) to rough-hew, cut, to boast (in order to make the outline of a figure); -uro: rude outline; (fig.) first draft (of a plan, etc.), -ilo: (sculp.) boasting tool; mortise chisel. V. exp.: Skisar relatas la desegnal arti; esbosar la plastikal arti (la modlado). — FI
  • esenc-o (phys. and metaphys.) essence; -a, -ala: essential. Ex.: La esenco deala. Esenco di citrono. Inerteso esas la esenco di materio. Esenco di rozi (E. attar of roses). Esencala principi, reguli. La homo esas esence sociema. Ant. acesor-ajo. — DEFIRS
  • esforc-ar (intr.) to make an effort, strive, strain, exert oneself; -o: endeavor, effort, exertion; -o-vund-uro: lesion, strain, (cf. penar, demarshar) Ex. Esforcar levar pezajo. Esforcar kurar, kombatar, obtenar employeso. Konsumar la forteso per nepovanta esforci. V. exp.: vid. demarshar. — FIS
  • eshafod-o scaffold(ing); staging (for a mason, etc.); frame-work of timbers for a spectator’s stand, for execution of criminals; -ala stango: putlog; (cf. jibeto). — DFIR
  • eshelon-o echelon. Def.: Kombatala formacuro. — DEFS
  • esk-o bait. — FI
  • -esk- forms intransitive verbs denoting: to begin to, become, start, get, come to be: dorm-eskar, to fall asleep; irac-eskar, to fly into a rage, begin to be mad; pal-eskar, to turn pale; rich-eskar, to get, become rich.
  • eskadr-o (nav.) squadron; -eto: small s., flotilla. — DEFIRS
  • eskadron-o (milit.) squadron (of horse). — DEFIRS
  • eskal-ar (tr., nav.) to touch (or call) at (a port); -eyo: port of call. Def.: Haltar en portuo dum voyajo por embarkar o desembarkar pasajanti o vari. — FIS
  • eskalator-o escalator. Def.: Mashinala eskalero ek movanta gradi, por transportar personi adsupre ed adinfre inter diferanta etaji o niveli, precipue en granda butiki, aeroportui, subtera fervoyala stacioni, edc — EFR
  • eskald-ar (tr.) to scald; injure the skin with hot liquid; to expose to the action of boiling water (a jug, etc). — EFS
  • eskaler-o staircase, stairs. — FIS
  • eskamot-ar (tr.) to perform conjuring tricks, cause (ulo) disappear by legerdemain. Def.: Habile desaparigar objekto, por ludo. V. exp. vid. furtar. — DFS
  • eskap-ar (intr.) to escape, find a way out (ek, de) (tr.) to e. from, get away from, slip away from, avoid (ulu, ulo); (cf. fugar); -ilo: escapement (of a clock or watch); -moyeno: any means of e.; (fig.) shift, subterfuge, means of evasion; -ema: evasive; -o-tubo: delivery or escape pipe. Ex.: Eskapar (de) karcero, danjero, malajo, de la furio di la tempesto, la morto, e.c. Eskapo di vaporo. — EFIS
  • eskar-o (med.) eschar: a dry slough, crust, or scab. — EFIS
  • eskarbil-o coal-cinder, clinker. — FS
  • eskarol-o (bot.) prickly lettuce (Lactuca scariola). — DFIS
  • eskarp-a steep (of slopes); -igar: to make slope sharply. V. exp.: Eskarpa indikas granda inklineso (o prefere rampo); abrupta indikas formo preske vertikal. On povas ankore acensar sur eskarpajo; on ne povas (o nur per granda peno) acensar abruptajo. Eskalero povas esar eskarpa, ne abrupta. — EFIS
  • eskart-ar (gen. sense, tr.) to put aside, apart (ulo, ulu); to go aside, apart, swerve, turn aside (de); -ar ulu de la justa voyo: to lead a person astray; -ar infanto de la rivo: to keep a child from the bank; -ar velo: to put aside a veil; -ar suspekto: to remove suspicion; -ar frapo: to ward off a blow; -ar la brakii, la gambi: to spread the arms, the legs; -o: putting aside, digression; -eso: being aside, isolation, aloofness, loneliness; pavorema kavalo facas eskarto: a frightened horse makes a step aside; eskarteso di persono: the aloofness of a person; stacar eskarte: to stand apart, aside, by oneself. — FIS
  • eskatologi-o eschatology. — DEFIRS
  • Eskim-o (-i) Eskimo(s).
  • eskombr-o rubbish, refuse; useless fragments. — FIS
  • eskopet-o blunderbuss. Def.: Speco di karabino (anciena). — FS
  • eskort-o escort, guard; (nav.) convoy; -esar ad ulu: to be escorted to someone; (cf. akompanar). — DEFIRS
  • eskot-o (nav.) sheet (rope). — DFS
  • eskrok-ar (tr.) to swindle, cheat (ulu); to cheat out of (ulo). Def: Speco di furto per trompo o ruzo. — FI
  • eskudel-o porringer; bowl for porridge, soup. — FIS
  • eskup-ar (tr.) to bail (water out of a boat, etc.); -ilo: scoop (for bailing). — EF
  • -esm- ordinal numbers: un-esma, first; du-esma, second.
  • esmerili-o (orni.) merlin (Falco aesalon). — FIS
  • esoter-a esoteric (doctrine, etc.). Ant.: exotera. — DEFIRS
  • espad-o sword; -agar: (tr., intr.) to use, wield the s.; to put (ulu) to the sword; -o-stroko: s. stroke; -pinto: s. point; -zono: s. belt; du-manua- -o: two handed s.; bayonet- -o: s. bayonet; -agar pinte e tranche: to cut and thrust; (cf. pinte frapar); -ego: broad-s. — FIS
  • espado-fisho (ich.) sword-fish (Xiphias gladius).
  • espaler-o (hort.) espalier; a row of fruit-trees trained up to a lattice or wall; the trellis or wall on which trained. — DEFRS
  • espar-o (nav.) spar: a timber used for masts, yards, booms etc. — DEF
  • esparset-o (bot.) esparcet; sanfoin (Onobrychis sativa). — DEF
  • espart-o (bot.) esparto (grass); a Spanish grass (Stipa tenacissima) used in making cordage, papar, shoes, baskets, etc.; -ajo: an article made from e.; -o-shuo: grass-shoe, -sandle. — DEFIS
  • espel-ar (tr.) to spell (words); -libro: spelling-book. Def.: Lektar la vorti literope e formacante la silabi. — EF
  • esper-ar (tr.) to hope for, to expect with desire (ulo); (intr.) to hope: have confidence, trust (de, en); -ajo: thing hoped for; -ema, -oza: hopeful. Ex.: Esperar suceso. Esperar de od en Deo. Espero esas granda konsolaco. — FIS
  • espin-o thorn-bush, -tree; -o blanka: whitethorn, hawthorn; -o nigra: blackthorn. Def.: Arbor(et)o dornoza. — FIS
  • espinet-o (mus.) spinet. Def.: Speco di klavikordo. — DEFIRS
  • esplanad-o esplanade. — DEFIS
  • espres-o, -treno (R. R.) express (train); -e: by e. — DEFIRS
  • esprit-o wit, cleverness; -oza: witty; -ajo: witticism; afektacar -o: to play the wit; -o-ludo: play of w. DF
  • espruv-a proof (kontre) -igar: (tr.) to make (water-, lire-, etc.) proof (ulo); aquespruva: water-proof, -tight. — EF
  • esquad-o (milit.) (corporal’s) squad; gang (of workmen); -ano: member of a squad, of a gang. — EFIS
  • est-o east; -e: eastward; ad -e: to the east (with motion); -ala longitudo: e. longitude; de -o: from the e. — DEFS
  • establis-ar to establish; to settle or fix firmly; place on a permanent footing; make firm, stable or constant; (cf. instalar, pruvar). Ex.: Establisar la fundamento di edifico. Establisar komercal societo, fabrikerio, kolonio. Establisar su en urbo. La establiso di banko. Note «Establishment in the sense of «institution» is translated by the suffix -erio; educational establishment: eduk-erio). — DEFIRS
  • estafet-o courier: (esp. a mounted messenger). — DEFIRS
  • estakad-o boom, chain or row of piles across a harbor for defense; (cf. palisado). — FIS
  • estal-ar (tr.) to display, show (goods, etc.); -ajo: display-goods; -eyo: show-place; -ar mapo: to spread out a map; -ar robo: to lay out a gown; -ar lud-karti; to show one’s hand. — F
  • estamp-ar (tr. tech.) to make an impress, imprint, in relief of a mark or figure; -uro: stamp (on a coin, etc.); -ilo: stamp, die. Def. Estampilo esas utensilo uzata ye la forjo. Ol esas facita ek harda materio ed havas la negativa formo di la forjenda peco, tale ke per simpla preso la dezirata formo obtenesas. — DEFIRS
  • estanch-ar (tr.) to stanch, (blood), stop (a leak, tears, etc.). Def.: Haltigar la fluo di liquido (ne sikigar). — EFS
  • estay-o (nav.) stay (of a mast) — EFS
  • ester-o ester. — DEFIRS
  • estetik-o esthetics. — DEFIRS
  • estim-ar (tr.) to esteem, have e. for; hold (ulu) in high regard; -o: e., consideration; -inda: estimable, honorable; -ind-eso: respectability; (cf. evaluar, prizar). Ex.: Estimar la vertuo di ulu, Il perdis sua estimeso e bona reputeso. — DEFIS
  • estiv-ar (intr.) to be torpid (in summer); -(ad)o: torpidity, estivation; (cf. hivernar). Def.: Indikas la stando di torporo, en qua ula animali pasas la somero. — DEFIS
  • estomp-ar (tr., draw.) to stump; shade, shadow with a stump; -ilo: stump: artist’s soft pencil or rubber. — DEF
  • Estoni-a Esthonia; -ano: Ethonian.
  • -estr- head of, chief of: urb-estro, mayor; nav-estro, captain.
  • estrad-o estrade; raised platform; (cf. platformo). — DEFRS
  • estragon-o (bot.) tarragon (Artemisia Dracunculus). — DEFIRS
  • estrib-o (saddle-) stirrup; (anat.) stirrup-bone, stapes (of ear); -o-rime-no, -o-trus-ilo: s.-leather, -strap. — FS
  • estriol-o oestriol. — DEFIRS
  • estrogen-o oestrogen. — DEFIRS
  • estron-o oestrone. — DEFIRS
  • estuari-o estuary. — DEFIS
  • estubl-o stubble; -agro: s. land. — DEFIS
  • esturjun-o (ich.) (great) sturgeon (Acipenser Huso; cf. sturgo). — EFIS
  • esvan-ar (intr.) to faint, swoon away; -into: a swooned person. — FI
  • -et- forms diminutives or indicates a smaller degree or qualitative change: mont-eto, hill; river-eto, a brook; bel-eta, pretty; varm-eta, tepid, lukewarm; rid-etar, to smile; dorm-etar, to sleep a little, take a nap. It is also used as an affectionate diminutive: patr-eto, daddy; matr-eto, little mother, dear mother.
  • etaj-o story, floor (of a house, etc.); tier; tri-etaja domo: three story house; dispozar etaj-ope, -atre: to taper, put in tiers. — DFR
  • etajer-o what-not, set of selves. Def. Tabuli dispozita erajatre. — DFR
  • etamin-o tammy-cloth; filtro- -o: bolting-. straining cloth. — DEFIRS
  • etap-ar (intr.) to halt at a stage (in travel); -eyo: halting place; station, stage; trans-irar -o: to pass through without stopping. — DFIRS
  • etat-o statement, account (receipts and expenditures); roll; -o di spensi: account of expenses; pre- -o: estimate (of outlay, etc.). — DFIS
  • eter-o (all senses) ether; -ala, -oza, -atra: ethereal; -igar, -ifar: to etherealize (ulo); -izar: (med.) to etherize (ulu). — DEFIRS
  • etern-a eternal, everlasting; -o: eternity: (duration); la -o: (fig.) Eternal God; -eso: eternity; quality of being e.; -igar: to eternalize. — EFIS
  • etik-o (bon-) morality; ethics; moral science; -a, -ala, -oza: moral, ethical; -al-eso, -oz-eso: morality; sen-a: immoral; sen- -eso: immorality; kontre-etikajo: immoral act. (N.B. The adj. form translates the E. “moral”. Mor-ala refers to the mori of a country, cf. mor-o.) — DEFIRS
  • etiket-o (on bottles, etc.) label; (on goods, parcels) ticket; -izar: to label, ticket. — DF
  • etimologi-o etymology; -isto: etymologist. — DEFIRS
  • etiol-ar (tr.) to etiolate; blanch. Def.: Privicar vivanti (precipue planti) de lumo ed aero, de quo lia feblesko, palesko o senkoloresko. — EFI
  • etiologi-o (philos., med.) etiology. — DEFIRS
  • Etiopi-a Ethiopia; -ano: Ethiopian.
  • etiquet-o etiquette. — DEFIRS
  • etmoid-a, -o (anat.) ethmoid. — DEF
  • etni-o ethnic group. Def.: Grupo de homi qui sentas su unionita da komuna genealogio od ancestreso, reala od imaginata, ed ordinare anke da komuna linguo, kulturo, kustumi, ritui o religio: etniala konflikti — DEFIRS
  • etnografi-o ethnnography. — DEFIRS
  • etnologi-o ethnology; -isto: ethnologist. — DEFIRS
  • Etoli-a Aetolia; -ano: Aetolian.
  • etologi-o ethology. — DEFIRS
  • etos-o ethos. — DEIS
  • Etruri-a Etruria; -ano: Etruscan.
  • Etruri-ana Etruscan, relating to Etruria.
  • etuy-o case: flat box, opening sideways or from the top; violin- -o: violin c.; ciz-, agul- -o: scissors-, needle-case; chapel- -o: hat-box. V. exp.: Gaino esas etuyo tre longa e streta, en qua l’objekto eniras tra l’extremajo (kontre ke etuyo apertesas laterale): on ofras ex. espado (luxoza, honorala) kun lua gaino (E. sheath), en etuyo (box, case). — DFIS
  • eudiometr-o eudiometer. — DEFIRS
  • eudiometri-o eudiometry. — DEFIRS
  • eufemism-o (rhet.) euphemism. — DEFIS
  • eufoni-o euphony. Def.: Agreabla e facila kombinado di la soni en linguo. — DEFIS
  • euforbi-o (bot. genus) euphorbia, spurge. — DEFIS
  • eufori-o euphoria. — DEFIRS
  • eugenik-o eugenics. — DEFIRS
  • eukalipt-o eucalyptus (tree). — DEFIS
  • eukaristi-o (rel.) Eucharist. — DEFIRS
  • eunuk-a, -o eunuch. — DEFIRS
  • eur-o (econ.) Euro. Def.: Pekunial unajo dil Uniono Europana (€): la abonpreco di Progreso kustas 10 euri — DEFIRS
  • Europ-a Europe; Europ-ana, -ano: European.
  • europi-o europium. — DEFIRS
  • eutanazi-o euthanasia. — DEFIRS
  • ev-ar (tr., intr.) to be so many years old; to be aged (so many years); -o: age, years; -anta: aged (so many years); -oza, grand-eva: aged, elderly; grand-ev-eso: longevity, agedness; quante vu evas?: how old are you? sat evar por: to be old enough to; il esas granda relate sua evo: he is large for his years; evanta 40 yari: forty years old; muliero mez-eva: a middle-aged woman — L
  • evaku-ar (tr., milit., med., tech.) to evacuate, empty (N. B. not to empty a vessel, etc., cf. vaku-igar); -(ad)o (milit.) evacuation; (med.) discharge of matter by natural passage or artificial opening. Ex.: Evakuar trupi, puso. — DEFIS
  • evalu-ar (tr.) to evaluate, value; to estimate the worth of, to rate at a certain price; to reckon the amount of; to appraise; (cf. expertisar); -(ad)o: valuation, estimate; -ebla: ratable; appreciable: that may be estimated, appreciated. V. exp.: Evaluar esas determinar valoro o quanto, per kalkulo o per konjekto (se on uzas mezurilo, on dicus mezurar). Taxar esas fixigar la quanto de imposto o kontributo, quan on debas pri ulo. Exemple (en la hipotezo di imposto pri revenuo): «on evaluas la revenuo di ta sioro a 10000 franki; ed on taxas ol a 400 franki, segun la proporciono di 4 po 100». — EFIS
  • evangeli-o gospel, evangel; -ala,-atra: evangelical; -isto: evangelist; -izar: to evangelize (ulu); -o-libro: Book of the Gospel; predikar la -o: to preach the g. — DEFIRS
  • event-ar (intr.) to happen, occur, come about, befall; -o, -ajo: occurrence, event; irgo quo eventos: whatever may happen; to povas eventar ad irgu: that may befall anyone; ne-expektata evento: unexpected event; — EFI
  • eventual-a eventual: dependent upon events, contingent; -o: contingency; -i: (fig.) perquisites, extra fees; -eso: fortuitousness; -e: eventually, in that case; -a profiti: casual profits, perquisites; ni esas pronta por irga eventualaji: we are prepared for contingencies. Def.: Qua dependas de ula evento necerta. Ant.: certa, necesa. — DEFIRS
  • evident-a evident, obvious, plain, manifest, patent; -o, -ajo: evidence: obvious fact; (cf. atesto, pruvo) -eso: obviousness; per su -a: self-evident; igar- -a: to make clear; -a verajo: an e. truth; la -eso di propoziciono: the clearness of a proposition. Ant.: dubit-ebla, -inda; ne-certa, ne-probabla. — DEFIS
  • evier-o (kitchen-) sink. Def.: Speco di tablo kava, o kuvo ek lapido o ceramikajo, sur qua on lavas (generale en koqueyo) — F
  • evikt-ar (jur.) to evict. Def.: Legale expropriar, kun rekurso-yuro, ta qua sincere aquiris ulo quon on ne darfas vendar. — DEFIS
  • evit-ar (tr.) to avoid, shun, evade, obviate, (cf. eludar). Ex.: El evitas (E. shuns) me. Evitar frapo, danjero, disputo. Evitar (E. obviate; prevent) skandalo. Ant.: serchar. — EFIS
  • evolucion-ar (intr., philos.) to evolve; (milit.) to perform evolutions; -a, -ala: evolutional; -ismo: evolutionism; -isto: evolutionist. V. exp. vid. developar. — DEFIRS
  • ex- ex-, late, former, retired. Indicates one who formerly held a position: Ex-prezidanto, ex-president; ex-oficiro, a former officer.
  • exajer-ar (tr., intr.) to exaggerate. Ex.: Exajerar vinko, la meriti di amiko. — EFIS
  • exakt-a exact, accurate (not used of persons; cf. akurata, preciza); -eso: exactness, fidelity (of a copy); -e: exactly. Def.: Qua esas konforma a la verajo, a la realajo, a la normo. Ex.: Kalkulo exakta. Sequar exakta dieto. Matematiko esas exakta cienco. Verifikar la exakteso di kalkulo. V. exp.: Mezuro preciza povas ne esar exakta (se l’instrumento, quankam subtila, esas nejusta). — DEFIRS
  • exalt-ar (tr.) to exalt: raise the spirits of (ulu), to carry (the senses) to a high degree: (not to praise, cf. laudegar). Def.: Ecitar sentimento (precipue nobla, religiala) til extrema grado — DEFIS
  • examen-ar (tr.) to examine (ulu) (not used with things, cf. explorar); -ato: person examined; -o skrib-ita: written examination; -o-questioni: e. questions; subisar -o: to undergo e. — DEFIRS
  • exantem-o (med) exanthema. — DEFIS
  • exark-o exarch. — DEFIRS
  • exasper-ar to exasperate. Def.: Bitrigar la humoro per troa irito. — EFIS
  • exauc-ar (tr.) to hear and grant (a prayer, a request); to hearken favorably or willingly to (ulu). Ant.: repulsar, refuzar. — F
  • exegez-o exegesis; -ar: to critically explain (the Scriptures). — DEFIS
  • exekut-ar (tr.) to execute, to perform, to do (ulo); to e. a criminal, cf. mort-igar; -(ad)o: execution; performance, carrying into effect; -anto, -ero: executor, doer; -ant-ino testament-ala: executrix; -isto: executive, manager; -ebla: feasible, practicable; -ala, -enda: (jur.) executory. Ex.: Exekutar impero, lego, projeto, kriminero. Exekuto di verdikto. — DEFIRS
  • exempl-o example; -a, -atra: exemplary; -e: for example, for instance; (abbr.: ex.); segun la -o: following the e. (di ulu); punisar ulu kom -o: to make an e. of someone; -a puniso: exemplary punishment. — DEFIS
  • exempler-o copy (of a book, paper, engraving, etc.). — DEFIRS
  • «exequatur» exequator.
  • exerc-ar (tr.) to exercise (the legs, the body, one’s senses), to exert (strength, one’s memory, eloquence); (milit.) to drill; -eyo: drilling place; -o-libro: e. book.; (cf. praktikar). — DEFIRS
  • exerg-o (numis.) exergue. Def.: Infra feldo di medalio. — DEFIS
  • exfoli-ar (tr.) to exfoliate, scale (off). Def.: Forprenar foliope, deprenar folii, t. e. strati sucedanta. — DEFIS
  • exhal-ar (tr.) to exhale, send forth, emit (odors, etc.; cf. expirar). Ex.: Ca marshi exhalas vapori pestizanta. La exhalo di rozo. — EFIS
  • exhaust-ar (tr., also fig.) to exhaust: drain, spend; -ilo, -tubo, -robineto: an e.; -ar cisterno: to drain a cistern. Ex.: Exhaustar mineyo, sulo, forteso, Il falis en (pro) exhausteso, kp.: fatigar). Ne exhaustebla furnisaji. Ant.: restaurar. — EFI
  • exhort-ar (tr.) to exhort. Ex.: Exhortar ulu reformar sua konduto. Ant.: des-konsilar, des-persuadar. — EFIS
  • exil-ar (tr.) to exile, banish (ulu, su de); (fig.) to expatriate; -ito: an exile, V. exp.: On exilas ulu, interdiktante a lu restar en la lando: lu esas tote libera extere; e se lu rieniras sen permiso, on simple ekpulsas lu. Proskriptar esas serchar la kondamnito (mem po premio por la denuncanti) e punisar lu severe (generale per morto), se on povas trovar e kaptar lu en la lando (ex. la proskripti da Marius e Sylla). Relegar esas enkarcerigar en fora lando (kolonio); Deportar esas transportar la kondamito en fora lando (kolonio), ube lu restas plu o min libera, en ula distrikto; (cf. extradar). — DEFI
  • exist-ar (intr.) to exist, be in existence; -anta, -anto: existing, existent, extant (being); Ex. Traci ankore existas. Existanta homi. — DEFIS
  • exkav-ar (tr.) to excavate (by digging; cf. kavigar); -uro: excavation (artificial — the result); -ilo: (instr.) excavator; sub- -ar: to undermine. — EFIS
  • exkluz-ar (tr.) to exclude, drive or shut out, debar, deny admission; -ite: to the exclusion of; -em-eso: exclusiveness; -ive: exclusively. Ex.: Exkluzar ulu de la Akademio. La bonfacemeso exkluzas la avareso. La exkluzo di homini. Exkluzite altra yuri, devi. Exkluziva yuro. La spirito di exkluzemeso. Ant.: admisar, inkluzar, recevar. — DEFIRS
  • exkomunik-ar (tr.) to excommunicate. — DEFIRS
  • exkori-ar (tr.) to excoriate, to rub off, abrade, scratch, gall (the skin) Def.: Lacerar la pelo (ne sen-pel-igar), deprenar peco de la pelo. — EFIS
  • exkrement-o excrement; -i: excreta. — DEFIRS
  • exkurs-ar (intr.) to make an excursion, take a trip; -o-batelo: e. boat; -anto, -ero: excursionist. — DEFIRS
  • exkuz-ar (refl.) to apologize, make excuses, beg pardon (su pri ulo); -o: apology, excuse; -ebla: excusable (of persons, cf. pardon-ebla). V. exp.: Se vu facis kulpo relate ulu, vu exkuzas vu avan lu, e lu povas pardonar ol a vu. La persono ofensinta facas exkuzo, e la persono ofensita facas pardono. — DEFIRS
  • «ex-libris» (L.) ex libris.
  • exod-o (Bibl.) Exodus. — DEFIS
  • exorcis-ar (tr.) to exorcise, cast out evil spirits. — DEFIS
  • exordi-o exordium; -ar: to make an e. Def.: Unesma parto di diskurso. Ant.: peroraciono. — DEFIS
  • exostos-o (med.) exostosis. — DEF
  • exoter-a exoteric. Ant.: esotera. — DEFIRS
  • exotik-a exotic. Def. Qua venas de fora landi, e konseque havas karaktero di rareso o stranjeso. Ex.: Flori exotika. — DEFIS
  • expans-ar (tr., intr., also fig.) to expand, to develop in volume or surface, spread, widen; -ema: expansive; (fig.) unreserved (of persons). Ex.: Expansar aero per kaloro. Expanso di autoritato. Forco expansiva. Naturo expansema. Ant.: kontraktar. — DEFIS
  • expedi-ar (tr., com.) to dispatch, send off, forward (goods); -ajo: shipment; -anto, -ero: sender; (nav.) shipper; -isto: shipping agent; -ar komercaji per fervoyo: to forward goods by railroad. Def.: Sendar ulo (ordinare komercaji) a destineyo. — DEFIRS
  • expedicion-o (milit., nav.) expedition. Def.: Sendo di homi por militar, o por explorar regiono. Ex.: Naval, ciencala expediciono a la suda polo. — DEFIRS
  • expekt-ar (tr.) to expect, be in expectation of, look forward to; -o: expectation, presumption (cf. konjekto); -eso: expectancy; ne- -ita: unexpected. Def.: Mente anticipar ula evento. Ex.: Me expektos nulo de ilu. Il vivas en expekteso. V. exp.: Varto esas ago prefere fizikal, expekto esas pure mental Me expektas vizito camatine ma, pro ke me nun devas ekirar, me ne plus vartos. — EFIS
  • expektor-ar (tr., med.) to expectorate, discharge phlegm, mucus from the lungs, to cough up. V. exp.: Expektorar ne esas sputar; l’expektorajo venas de la pektoro, t.e. de la pulmono, quale indikas l’etimologio. — DEFIS
  • experienc-ar (tr.) to experience (ulo): to have the lot or fortune of, to undergo; -oza: experienced; sen- -a: inexperienced (cf. ne-experta). Ex.: Experiencar plezuro, desfortuno. Per experienco on sajeskas. — EFIS
  • experiment-ar (intr.) to experiment (per); (tr.) to test, try (ulo, pri ulo); -ala: experimental. — DEFIRS
  • expert-a expert: skilful (in trade), well-versed (in knowledge). — DEFIRS
  • expertiz-ar (tr.) to survey (professionally); -ero, -isto: surveyor, person officially appointed to examine an affair and report on it. — DEFR
  • expiac-ar (tr.) to expiate, to atone for; -anta, -ala. Ex.: Expiacar krimino, kulpo. — EFIS
  • expir-ar (intr.) to expire: to breathe out (cf. respirar); (fig.) to come to an end (of time), terminate; -o: expiration; (fig.) falling due; -inta: expiring (breath); expired (account); -o-dato: date of expiration, maturity. Def.: Indikas l’ekiro di l’aero ek la pulmoni; figurale, la ‘lasta expiro’, la morto; e per extenso: fino di ula temp-intervalo, di kontrato, di puniso, e.c.. V. exp.: La teknikal senco di l’ago inversa dil aspiro nomesas simple ekpulso. Ant.: aspirar. — DEFIS
  • explicit-a explicit: clear, not obscure; -igar: to make (ulo) e. — DEFIS
  • explik-ar (tr.) to explain, make plain what is obscure, elucidate, expound; (cf. klar-igar). Ex.: Explikar signifiko, sua desfacilaji, doktrino, sua intenco. V. exp. vid. definar. — DEFIS
  • explor-ar (tr.) to explore (a country); to investigate, examine, search into (things, cf. examenar, inquestar); (milit.) to reconnoiter, scout; Ex.: Explorar lando nekonocata. Explorar (E. examine) libro. Exploro, exploranto di subjekto, objekto. — DEFIRS
  • explot-ar (tr.) to exploit, to get the value out of, as to e. a mine; to work, cultivate (a farm, estate with intent of profit); -achar: to exploit, to draw an illegitimate profit from, as to e. workers (by underpayment); -(ad)o: exploiting: utilization for profit, working (of mines, farms), execution of work: -acho: profiteering, sweating; -ajo: what is exploited; -ebla: workable. — DEFRS
  • exploz-ar (intr.) -igar: (tr.) to explode; -iva, -ivo: explosive; -iva gaso: explosive gas; (mine) fire-damp. — DEFIS
  • exponent-o (math.) exponent. — DEFIRS
  • exportac-ar (tr.) to export; -ajo: goods exported. Ant.: importacar. — DEFIRS
  • expoz-ar (tr., lit. and fig.) to expose, set in public view; (of houses, etc.) to turn toward, present a side to; to set forth (a situation); explain (a doctrine); -ar pikturo: to exhibit a painting; domo expozita a sudo: a house having a southerly prospect; vivo expozesis a danjero: a life was e. to danger; expozar sistemo: to set forth, explain a system; expozo di komercajo: exhibition of merchandise; expozo di fotografala plako: exposure of photographic plate; expozeyo di la mortinti: the morgue. — DEFIS
  • expres-ar (tr.) to express (by symbols, gestures, words, etc.); Ex.: Vorti expresas la penso. Lakrimi esas la expreso di doloro. Aspekto expres-oza, -iva, -ema. — DEFIS
  • expropri-ar (tr., jur.) to expropriate, (the property), dispossess (ulu). — DEFIS
  • extaz-ar (intr.) to be in ecstacies, be enraptured; (med.) to be in a trance (cf. katalepsio). — DEFIRS
  • extens-ar to extend, stretch, draw out, spread; -ebla: extensible, tensile; -anto, -ivo: (anat.) extensor. Ex. Extensar brakio, tapiso, mantelo. Extensar povo, autoritato, domeno. Kauchuko esas tre extensebla. — EFIS
  • extenu-ar (tr.) to extenuate, palliate. Def. Igar min grava (kulpo, krimino, aserto, e.c.). — EFIS
  • exter (prep.) without, outside (without motion; cf. ek); except, besides; li stacis exter la domo: they stood outside the house; exter la dicita decidi: besides the decisions named; -e: (adv.) outside, externally; il uzas extere la oleo: he uses the oil externally; -a: outside, external; extera apliko: external application; la exterajo di domo: the outside of a house (considered objectively); -eso: exterior (geom. sense); de -e: from without (with movement); ad -e: outwardly (with movement); il kuris ad-extere: he ran outside. Ant.: en, interne. — EFIS
  • exter-dot-a (jur.) paraphernal.
  • exter-flu-ar (tr., intr.) to flow, run over
  • exter-judici-a extrajudicial.
  • exter-klaso an outside, a separate class.
  • exter-landa foreign.
  • exter-limit-a beyond limit, excessive, exorbitant, extravagant.
  • extermin-ar (tr.) to exterminate: destroy utterly. — EFIS
  • extern-o day-scholar; -erio: day-school. Def. Skolano (lernanto) qua ne habitas la lerneyo. — DEFIS
  • exting-ar (tr., intr.) to extinguish, put out, quench (a fire, a light; also used fig.); -ar kandelo: to put out a candle; -ar dursto: (fig.) to quench the thirst; la fairo extingeskas: the fire is going out; -ar la kalko: (fig.) to slack lime; -ar debo: (fig.) to cancel a debt; -o di raso: (fig.) the extinction, the extermination of a race. Ant.: Acendar. — EFIS
  • extirp-ar (tr.) to extirpate, uproot; (surg.) to cut out, remove totally; (fig.) to destroy wholly, eradicate, weed out; (cf. arachar). Ex.: Extirpar la mala herbi, kancero, dento, raso. — DEF
  • extors-ar (tr.) to extort, wrest; to blackmail (ulu): -(ad)o, -ajo: extortion, exaction; -anto, -ero: extortioner; -o-probo: attempt at e. V. exp.: To ne esas raptar, t. e. furtar per materiala violento, ma koaktar ulu cedar ulo (generale pekunio) per minaco, per morala violento. — DEFIS
  • extra (adv.) extra; -disho: an extra dish; -spenso: extra (additional) expense; extra-ajo: something extra: extra-edituro: extra edition; extra bona: extra good. — DEFIRS
  • extrad-ar (tr.) to extradite. Def.: livrar stranjera kulpozo (akuzato) a la guvernerio di lua patrio; kp. exilar. — DEFIS
  • extrados-o (arch.) extrados.
  • extrakt-ar (tr.) to extract: to draw from, out. Ex.: Extraktar frazo de libro, dento, kugleto de la korpo. Extraktar radiko dua (math.: to extract the square root). Extraktado di sukro de betravi. Extrakt-uro di opiumo. — DEFIRS
  • extraordinar-a extraordinary (event, person, etc.; cf. remark-inda). — DEF
  • extravag-ar (intr.) to talk extravagantly, wildly, to rave; (in fever) to be delirious; to act extravagantly, wildly, unreasonably, eccentricly; la febro igas il extravagar: the fever makes him delirious; -o, -em-eso di konduto, di parolado: wildness of conduct, talk; esas extravaganta spensar pekunio ante recevar ol: it is extravagant to spend money before receiving it. Def.: Pensar, parolar, agar sen raciono nek bonsenco. — DEFIS
  • extrem-a extreme, utmost, outermost; -ajo: extremity, butt-end; -e: extremely; -a unciono: e. unction; -a frontiero: e. boundary; -a plezuro: e. pleasure; la -i esas la unesma e lasta termino en ula proporciono: the extremes are the first and last terms in a proportion; il esas extreme richa: he is extremely rich. — DEFIS
  • extrinsek-a extrinsic. Ant.: intrinseka. — EFIS
  • exud-ar (tr., intr.) to exude, ooze out. Def.: Ekiro di liquido ek korpo, analoga (e tam lenta) kam sudorifo (N.B. sen gutifar). — DEFIS
  • exult-ar (intr.) to exult. Def.: Esar kaptata da profunda joyo o sentimento (amo), qua expresas su per movi, kanti, e.c.. — EFI
  • exutori-o (med.) issue (of blood, pus, etc.) — FIS
  • -ey- denotes the place of or for the action or object characterized by the root (generally a room or building): kaval-eyo, a place for a horse or horses, a stable; koqu-eyo, a place for cooking, a kitchen; manj-eyo, a place for eating, a dining room. Note: This suffix can be sufficiently distinguished from -erio by the following examples: lav-eyo is a place for washing, a washroom; lav-erio is a washing establishment, a laundry; manj-eyo is simply a place to eat; manj-erio, a restaurant; cf. note under -i-.
  • ezofag-o (anat.) esophagus, gullet (cf. guturo). — EFIS


F

  • fa (mus.) fa: fourth note of the diatonic scale.
  • fab-o (bot.) bean. — FIS
  • fabl-o fable; -atra, -oza: fabulous, fictitious. — DEFIS
  • fabrik-ar (tr.) to manufacture (cf. manu-fabrikar); -(ad)o: fabrication, manufacture; -uro: object made, -erio: factory, works, mills. (cf. manufakturo); -o-marko: trademark. Def.: Facar laboruri segun procedi mashinala o mekanikal. Ex.: Fabrikar horloji, stofi. — DEFIRS
  • fac-ar (tr., lit. and fig.) to make (a concrete object); to do, perform (a certain act); -igar: to cause (ulu) to make (ulo); to have (ulo) done (da ulu); (cf. igar); -esar: to be made, performed; -o: making, doing; -anto, ero: maker, doer; -ebla: practicable, feasible; -ar shui: to make shoes; -ar bona komercado: to do a good business. V. exp.: vid. agar. — FIS
  • facet-o facet (as of a diamond); -izar: to put f.s on, cut with f.s; -izita, -oza: faceted. — DEFIRS
  • faci-o (gen.) front part or view (of anything); (cf. vizajo, averso); -ala: facial, frontal; mi- -o: (photog.) pose between face and profile; -o kontre- -o: f. to f.; avan la -o: (fig.) in the presence of. Def.: L’avana parto di irga korpo. Ant.: reverso, dorso. — EFIS
  • «facies» (anat., geol., biol.) facies: general aspect or appearance of anything.
  • facil-a easy (to do), facile, not difficult; -eso: facility (quality); -ajo: an e. thing; -igar: to facilitate (ulo, ad ulu); -e laborar: to work easily; -e komprenebla: e. to understand; -mora mulier-o: a woman of e. virtue. — EFIS
  • facin-ar (tr.) to fascinate. Ex.: L’amoro facinas la okuli. On dicas ke la serpento facinas sua viktimi. — DEFIS
  • facion-ar (intr.) to be on sentry duty, mount guard; -o: sentry watch; -anto, -ero: sentry (cf. sentinelo); -igar: to post (a sentry); chanjar la -o: to relieve the watch. Def.: Stacar en posteno, gardar posteno. — F
  • faeton-o (carriage) phaeton; (myth.) Phaethon. — DEFIRS
  • fag-o (bot.) beech(-tree) (genus: Fagus); -o-frukto: b. nut; -eyo: b. grove. — ISL
  • fair-o (also fig.) fire; -oza, -atra: fiery, igneous; -eyo: f. place, hearth (cf. herdo); -ea: f. colored; -ifar: to produce f. (as by friction); -if-ilo: f. producer; -espruva briko: fireproof brick; -exting-ilo: f. extinguisher; -o-glut-ero: fire-eater; -o-greto: f. grate; -o-hoko: f. rake, (bent) poker; -o-kulto: f. worship; -o-musho: f. fly (cf. luciolo, lampiro); -o-pinc-ego: f. tongs; -o-ligno: f. wood; pikar, suflar la -o: to poke, to blow the f.; -pik-ilo: poker; firing-bar; -o-skreno: f. screen; -eyal-tapiso: hearth rug; -o-stalo: steel for striking fire; para- -o: fender, fire-guard; palio- -o: fire of straw; (cf. incendio). — DE
  • Fairo-tero Tierra del Fuego.
  • fak-o anything portioned off, as a compartment, division (in a desk), stall (in a stable); branch, proper office, province, department, speciality (in a business, profession, government, field of knowledge); -eto: pigeon-hole; small specialty of duty, in research; -aro: set or nest of drawers; -estro: department head; to ne esas en mea -o: that is out of my province; that’s not in my line; komprenar sua fako: to understand one’s business. — D
  • fakir-o fakir: Mahometan monk. — DEFIRS
  • fakocher-o wart hog. — FI
  • faksimil-o facsimile, exact copy. — DEFIRS
  • fakt-o fact; -a, -ala: real, relating to f.; -e: in fact; -ala questiono: a question of f. — DEFIR
  • faktor-o (math., metaph.) factor. — DEFIRS
  • faktori-o (com.) factory: trading agency. Def.: Kontoro di agenti di kompanio komercala en lando stranjera. — DEFIS
  • faktorial-a, -o (math.) factorial. — DE
  • «faktotum» factotum: a doer of all kinds of work. — DEF
  • faktur-o (com.) invoice, bill; -o pag-enda: bill payable. — DFIS
  • fakultat-o faculty, power of doing anything; (of a university) faculty; grantar fakultato ad ulu: to grant a person the faculty (or power); la fakultati natural: the natural faculties; la fakultato di medicino: the f. of medicine. — DEFIRS
  • fakultativ-a facultative, optional. — DEFIS
  • fal-ar (intr.) to fall (down), tumble; -etar: to stumble (cf. mispazar, ped-butar); -anta: falling; -inta: fallen, -igar: to cause to fall, to fell, (ulo, ulu); lasar falar: to let (ulo) fall, drop (ulo). — DE
  • falang-o (anat., milit.) phalanx. — DEFIRS
  • falansteri-o (sociol.) phalanstery. — DEFIRS
  • falarop-o phalarope. — EFIS
  • falbal-o furbelow, flounce; -izar: to cover with f.s. — DFI
  • falc-o (carp.) check, rebate, ledge (of a door or shutter). Def.: Speco de kanelo en la kadro di pordo, por recevar la bordo di ca pordo. — DR
  • falch-ar (tr.) to mow down (with a scythe); (fig.) to cut down, destroy; -ajo: what is mowed, the crop; -edo: swath, wind-row; -ilo: scythe. — FI
  • fald-ar (tr.) to fold (a letter, etc.) (cf. plisar); -ebla: foldable; (fig.) pliant (cf. flexebla); -uro: a fold. — DE
  • falen-o (ent.) moth: genus Phalaena; (cf. tineo). — DEFIS
  • fali-ar (tr., intr.) to fail, miscarry, miss (an aim), not to succeed; (com.) to fail, to become insolvent without implication of disgrace; (cf. bankrotar); -o: failure, insolvency; -igar: to cause to miss, to fail; to frustrate; -into: insolvent person; -ego: debacle, break up, down-fall; -ar renkontrar: fail to meet (ulu); -ar ocidar su: fail to kill oneself; me iros sen -ar: I will go without fail. — DEFIS
  • falk-o (nav.) wash-board, weather- board. — FIS
  • falkon-o (orni.) falcon, hawk; -arto: falconry. — DEFIS
  • fals-a false, imitating in order to deceive as, f. hair, teeth, windows, signatures, money, jewels, drugs, etc.; not genuine, spurious; -eso: falsity; -ajo: falsehood; -igar: to falsify, pervert, adulterate (drugs) debase (coin); falsa-monet-if-isto, fals-ig-ero di moneti: forger, coiner; (cf. artificala). — DEFIRS
  • falset-o falsetto (voice). — DEFIRS
  • falv-a fallow, fawn-colored, tawny, of a yellowish-brown color, pale red; -a bestio: fallow deer, stag, etc. (cf. daimo). — DF
  • fam-o fame, renown; (cf. reputo); -oza: famous, celebrated; -oz(ul)o: a celebrity; -izar: to cover with fame, render illustrious. — DEFI
  • famili-o (also zool., bot.) family, kin(dred); -ala konsil-ant-aro: f. counsel; -ala simil-eso: family likeness; vorto- -o: (gram.) collection of words of the same root. — DEFIRS
  • familiar-a familiar, intimate; -eso: familiarity (state), close acquaintance; -ajo: familiarity (act); -aji produktas des-estimo: familiarities breed contempt; -igar persono pri lua tasko: to familiarize a person with his job; ne- -eskez kun male edukita personi: do not get familiar with ill-bred people; -a amiko: an intimate friend. Ex.: Lua vizajo esas familiara a me. Lua konduto esas tro familiara. — DEFIS
  • famin-o famine. V. exp.: Ne esas hungro, mem general, ma manko di la maxim necesa nutrivi en tota lando o populo; (cf. indijar). — EFI
  • fan-ar (tr., agri.) to winnow (grain). — DEF
  • fanatik-a fanatical, -(ul)o: a fanatic, bigot; -eso: fanaticism; -igar: to fanaticize (ulu); -eskar: to become a f., infatuated (cf. fol-eskar). Ex.: Fanatika zelo, doktrini, homi. — DEFIRS
  • fanerogam-a, -o (bot.) phanerogamous (plant). — DEFIS
  • fanfar-o (mus.) fanfare: flourish of trumpets. — DEFIR
  • fanfaron-ar (intr.) to bluster, boast, brag, swagger, bluff. V. exp.: Fanfaronar esas exajerar sua avantaji, sua forteso, e.c., per paroli od altra signi, por trompar la ceteri. Ostentar esas montrar ed expozar kun afektaco e superbeso sua avantaji, precipue la luxo, richaji, belaji, por ecitar l’admiro di la ceteri. — FIS
  • fang-o mud, mire, watery dirt as on streets, etc.; -oza, -atra: muddy; -eyo: mud-puddle; -izar: to muddy, bedraggle; -iz-ita: bespattered (with mud); -oza anmo: (fig.) base, mean soul; sen- -igar, des- -izar: to clean (off mud); para- -o: mud-guard; -o-balno: m.bath. — DFI
  • fantasmagori-o phantasmagoria, dissolving view. Def.: Arto produktar fantomi, t.e. ombri od imaji iluzioniganta. — DEFIS
  • fantastik-a fantastical, fanciful. Def.: Qua relatas kozi od enti nereala o neposibla;. Ex.: La fantastika rakonti pri Hoffman da Edgar Poe. — DEFIS
  • fantazi-ar (tr.) to have a fancy for (ulu, ulo), to have an idea, an inclination (facar ulo); agar segun sua -o: to act according to one’s fancy; -eto: whim, crochet; -ajo: a f. article; -ala, -ema: fanciful; -emo: a fanciful person, a crank; -ala kostumo: f. dress. Ex.: Me fantazias voyajar, ludar. Havar fantazii fantastika. V. exp.: L’imaginado (od imaginiveso) esas la psikala fakultato, formacar, imaji, t.e. reprezenti di objekti nereala; ol agas example en la revi, anke en l’artistala produktado; ol povas esar regulizita e racionoza. La fantazio esas l’imaginado senregula e kapricoza, ofte arbitriala. Pluse, ta vorto ne aplikesas propre a fakultato (qua esas nulo altra kam l’imaginado ipsa), ma a l’agi di ta fakultato; on parolas pri un fantazio. Tale on nomizas fantazi(aj)i ula artistala verki, qui manifestas precipue libereso, spontaneso e mem kaprico. — DEFIRS
  • fantom-o phantom, shade, ghost, specter, apparition; (fig.) something unreal; Roma esis nur la fantomo di republiko: Rome was only the shadow of a republic. — DEFIRS
  • far-o lighthouse; (fig.) guide; -gardisto: l.keeper. — FIS
  • farad-o farad. — DEFIRS
  • faradiz-ar (tr., med.) to faradize, to stimulate with faradic electric currents. — DEF
  • farandol-o farandole, a dance of Provence. — DEFIS
  • faraon-o (hist.) Pharaoh; (card game) faro. — DEFIRS
  • farb-o paint, artificial coloring matter (cf. fardo, pigmento); -izar: to paint (buildings, objects; cf. piktar); -iz-uro: the paint (put on); oleo- -i: oil paints; aquo- -i: water-colors. Def.: Preparita materio por kolorizar objekti. — D
  • farcin-o (vet.) farcin, farcy, a form of glanders. — EFI
  • fard-o paint (for face or body); (theat.) make-up; reda -o: rouge; -izar: to paint (ulu, su). — F
  • farin-o flour, farina, (grosa) meal; -oza: floury, mealy, farinacious; -vend-isto: f.dealer; -igar, -ifar: to make, produce f.; -izar: to cover, sprinkle with f.; -spric-ilo: f.dredger; -muel-eyo, -erio: f.mill. — EFIS
  • faring-o (anat.) pharynx.
  • faringit-o (med.) pharyngitis.
  • farize-o (lit. and fig.) Pharisee; -ala: pharisaical. — DEFIRS
  • farm-ar (tr.) to farm (land taken on lease); farmo - lokacar, -prenar: to take (land, etc.) on lease (cf. kultivar ); -o-donar, lugar: to farm out, lease to, rent out to (someone for a fixed sum); -lug-anto: lessor (of a farm); -lokac-anto: lessee: tenant-farmer; -o: farming (on lease); -ajo: what is farmed; a farm; -o-domo, o-domeno: homestead (rented); -o-preco: rent of a farm; -isto: tenant farmer, husbandman; -isto di imposto: (fig.) farmer of the revenue; mi- -isto: metayer: farmer on half shares; -o-labor-ero: a farm-hand. — DEF
  • farmaci-o (art) pharmacy, pharmaceutics; -isto: pharmacist (cf. apotek-isto). — DEFIRS
  • farmakope-o pharmacopoeia. — DEFIRS
  • fars-o (cook.) farce: stuffing, forcemeat; (theat. and fig.) farce. — DEFIRS
  • fasad-o facade, the front or chief face of a building. — DEFIS
  • fashin-o (fort.) fascine. — DEFIRS
  • fasiac-o (bot.) fasciation. — EF
  • fask-o bundle, a number of things of a certain length, put together; sheath; stack; bunch; (opt.) pencil (of luminous rays); (antiq.) fasces; vergo- -o: faggot, bundle of sticks, rods; flecho- -o: sheaf of arrows; -igar, -ifar: to bundle up, stack, put in sheaves. — FIS
  • fason-ar (tr.) to fashion, shape, form (ulo); -o, -uro: the build, fashion, make, cut, workmanship. Def.: Laborar ula materio por fabrikar objekto definita (fasono di vesto, di juvelo). — DEFR
  • fast-ar (intr.) to fast. — DE
  • fat-o fate, lot, (cf. destino); -ala: fatal; -al-ismo: fatalism; -al-isto, -ista: fatalist(ic). Ex.: Vua fato esas kompatinda. La fatal horo. — DEFIRS
  • fatig-ar (tr.) to fatigue, tire, weary; (cf. tedar, enoyar); -esar: to be tired; -eso: (state) weariness, lassitude; -anta: fatiguing, toilsome, irksome; -egar: to overtire, harass. — EFIS
  • fatu-a foppish (in dress); self-conceited, fatuous (in mind); -(ul)o: snob, coxcomb; -acho: puppy (person); -eso: snobbishness, fatuity, self-conceit. — EFIS
  • fauc-o (anat. and fig.) (exterior) throat, gullet, fore part of neck (cf. guturo); (geog.) space from which something has been gouged, defile, ravine, deep glen; -ala: (anat.) jugular. Def.: Indikas l’extera ed avana parto di la kolo (do anke la laringo, ma extere vidata); e, pro ke ta parto formacas kava profilo (inter la mandibulo o mentono e la pektoro), la vorto fauco uzesas per metaforo internaciona por expresar multa formi kava, en tekniko, en geografio (montala fauco), e.c. — IL
  • Faulkland (insuli) Faulkland islands.
  • faun-o (myth.) faun; -ino: wood goddess. — DEFIRS
  • fav-o (med.) favus, ringworm (of scalp); -oza: scurvy. — L
  • favor-ar (tr.) to favor, treat or regard with kindness, befriend; -oza: (of persons) favorable (cf. oportuna); -at(ul)-o, -at(in)-o: a favourite; -ismo: favoritism; -igar: to propitiate, appease; -ig-anta: propitiatory; -dii: days of grace; la princo e la tempo favoras nia projeti: the prince and the time are favorable to our projects; omni qui konocas il esas favoroza ad il: all who know him are favorably disposed toward him. — DEFIRS
  • fax-ar (tr.) to fax. Def.: Sendar texto od altra dokumento per sistemo elektronikal uzanta telefon-lineo: faxez a me la raporto; fax-il-o: Aparato uzata por faxar ulo; fax-ur-o: Dokumento faxe recevita. — DEFIRS
  • fay-o (fabric) faille, a corded silk. — DEFS
  • fayenc-o faience, crockery ware. — DEFR
  • faz-o (astron. and gen.) phase. — DEFIRS
  • fazan-o (orni.) pheasant (genus: Phasianus). — DEFIRS
  • fazeol-o kidney-bean; -o multaflora: (bot.) scarlet-runner (Phaseolus multiflorus). — DI
  • fe-o, -ino fairy. — DEFIR
  • febl-a (lit. and fig.) feeble, weak, faint; (cf. debila, frajila); -ajo: a weak object or spot, foible; -(ul)o: a weak person; -eso: weakness; -igar: to enfeeble, weaken; -eskar: to grow weak; -igo, -esko: enfeebling, weakening, impairment; -anma: pusillanimous. Ant.: forta.
  • febr-ar (intr.) to have a fever; -o: fever; -oz-eso: feverishness; -ala: febrile; -oza, -ema, -ika: feverish, fevered; -eto: a slight f.; -igar, -izar: to infect with f. — DEFIS
  • februar-o February. — DEFIRS
  • feder-ar (tr.) to (con-)federate, federalize, ally, form an alliance (of states, nations; cf. aliancar); -uro: (con-)federation, league, alliance; -al-ismo: federalism; -al-ista, -isto: federalist; (kun-)feder-ito: ally, confederate (state, nation). — DEFIRS
  • fek-o feces, excrement (of man or animal); -ala: fecal; -ifar: to void the bowels, defecate (cf. kakar); -izar: to befoul (with f.); -o-pulvero: dried night-soil. — DEFIS
  • fekul-o (chem.) fecula (starch). — EFIS
  • fekund-a fecund, prolific (of living beings only; cf. fertila); -(ul)o: a f. man; -eso: fecundity; -igar: to make f., impregnate. V. exp.: vid. fertila. Ant.: ne-fekunda, sterila. — EFIS
  • fel-o hide, pelt, fell, skin detached from body and dressed; (cf. furo). — DE
  • feld-o (electric, magnetic, optical, scientific) field; -o di ago: field of action; (cf. agro). Def.: Spaco en qua existas ula distributo di forci (elektrala, magnetala, e.c.). V. exp.: On parolas pri elektrala, magnetala feldo, mem (identigante la feldo kun la forco existanta en singla punto) pri l’intenseso di feldo en ula punto. Kompreneble, on povas anke parolar metafore pri la feldo di ago o di influo di ula povo o potento. Ma en omna altra kazi on devas uzar agro, exemple, pri plu o min granda parto dil sulo. Do on devas dicar kombat-agro, nam to esas vere agro, en qua on kombatas, o agro di kombato. — DE
  • felg-o felly, outer rim of wheel; -freno: (wheel) rim brake. — DE
  • felic-a (of persons) happy (cf. fortun-oza); -(ul)o: a h. person; -eso: happiness, felicity; des- -a: miserable; aspektar -a: to look happy. — EFIS
  • felin-o -a, -ala, -atra feline. — EFIS
  • felp-o (fabric) a kind of plush, shag, velveteen. — DI
  • felt-o (fabric) felt; -a chapelo: a f. hat. — DEFIS
  • femin-a, -ala she, feminine [(N.B. applied chiefly to animals to distinguish sex); (cf. hom-in-a, -ala); -o: a female (animal); -ismo: feminism; -eso: femininity; -acho: a vile woman; -atra: effeminate; -(atr)igar: to render, make effeminate; -alo: (gram.) the feminine. — DEFIRS
  • femur-o (anat.) femur, thigh-bone. — EFIS
  • fen-o hay; -eyo: place for h., h.loft; -ifar: to grow h.; -igar: to h. make. — FIS
  • fenacetin-o (pharm.) phenacetin(e). — DEF
  • fenakistoskop-o phenakistoscope. — DEFIS
  • fenc-o fence, enclosing barrier; muro-, palis-, greto-, lato-fenco: wall-, plank-, paling-, grate-, lath-fence. — DE
  • fend-ar (tr.) to split (lengthwise), slit, cleave; (cf. krevis-ar); (fig.) to rend (the heart); -etar: to crack; -et-uro: a chink, flaw, crack; -uro: fissure, cleft, interstice; -ilo: cleaver, chopper. — FIS
  • fenestr-o window; -aro: windows (collect.), fenestration. — DEFI
  • Fenici-a Phoenicia; -ano: Phoenician.
  • fenikul-o (bot.) fennel. — DEFIL
  • fenix-o (also astron.) Phoenix. — DEFIRS
  • fenobarbital-o phenobarbitone. — DEFIRS
  • fenol-o (chem.) phenol, carbolic acid. — DEFIRS
  • fenomen-o phenomenon; -ala: phenomenal. — DEFIRS
  • fenomenologi-o phenomenology, description, history, or explanation of phenomena. — DEF
  • fenotip-o phenotype. — DEFIRS
  • fenugrek-o fenugreek. — EFIS
  • fer-o iron; -a, -ala, -oza, -atra: of, relating to iron; ferrous, ferruginous; -izar: to put iron on (ulo), to bind, fit, hoop (with iron); -o-labor-isto: i. worker; -erio: i. foundry; -o-raboturi, -spani: i. filings, chips: -ajo, -garnituro: i. fitting; -iz-ita: ironed, metalled; (of horses) shod; olda -o: scrap i.; -tolo, -lameno: sheet i.; forj-ita -o: wrought iron; -skorio: slag, scoria, dross; -o-cianato: potassium ferrocyanide; -voyo: railway, railroad. — EFIS
  • ferdek-o (nav.) deck (of a ship); -izar: to d.; navo tri- -a: a three-decker, ship with three decks. — DE
  • feri-o fair (market); -o-placo, -loko: fairground.
  • ferm-a firm: solid, stable, fixed, compact, stout; (cf. solida, stabila); (fig.) which does not tremble, steady, steadfast, bold, resolute; -eso: firmness, stability; -igar: to make firm, (ulo) (cf. sekur-igar); -eskar: to become firm, strong, established, settled. -e: firmly, steadily; (interj.) hold fast; do not flinch! Ex.: Ferma tero. Stacar ferme. Karno ferma. Parolar en tono ferma. Fermigar sua rezolvo. Ant.: mola, shancel-anta, vacil-anta, febla. — DEFIS
  • ferment-o a ferment (as yeast, leaven); (fig.) which excites or gives rise to. — DEFIRS
  • fermentac-ar (intr.; also fig.) to ferment; (of dough) to rise. — DEFIRS
  • Fernandopo Fernando Po (islands).
  • feroc-a ferocious. Def.: Sovaja, kruela e violentoza. Ex.: Feroca bestio; metafore: feroca tirano; feroca konservemo. — EFIS
  • feromon-o pheromone. — DEFIRS
  • fertil-a fertile (ground, also fig.); -eso: fertility, fruitfulness; -igar: to fertilize. V. exp.: Fertila ne esas la sama ideo kam fekunda: ento fekunda genitas ento simila a su; fertila esas simple produktema, qua produktas multo (ex.: agro); fekunda dicesas pri la vivanta enti, fertila pri la tero. — DEFIS
  • fervor-ar (intr.) to be fervent, be earnest, eager, zealous; (cf. ardorar, zelar); fervoroza prego: fervent prayer; -ar pri ulo: to be eager about something, take a thing to heart. — EFIS
  • fer-voy-o railroad, railway; -isto: R. R. employee.
  • fes (mus.) F flat.
  • fest-ar (intr.) to observe a holiday; (rel.) to keep a feast; -o, -o-dio: festival, celebration, holiday, saint’s day; -ala: festal, festive (of holidays); Pasko- -o: Easter; muzik- -o: music festival; garden- -o: garden fête. — DEFIS
  • festin-ar (tr., intr.) to feast, eat sumptuously, banquet; -ala: festal: of a f. — EFS
  • festival-o Serio de eventi muzikal, cinematografal, teatral, edc — DEFIRS
  • feston-o festoon; -izar: to f.; (fig.) to scallop. — DEFIRS
  • festuk-o a blade of straw. — FI
  • fet-o foetus. — DEFIS
  • fetid-a fetid, rank, stinking; (cf. mal-odor-anta). — DEFIS
  • fetish-o fetish. — DEFIRS
  • feud-o fief, feud, fee; -ala: feudal; -ismo: feudalism, feodality; -igar: to enfeoff. — DEFIRS
  • fez-o fez: (Turkish) red cap. — DEFIRS
  • fi! fie! shame! faugh! ugh! pish! phew! — DEFR
  • fiakr-o hackney-coach, cab, four-wheeled public carraige; -o-kavalo: cab-horse. — DEFR
  • fial-o vial. V. exp.: vid. botelo. — DEFI
  • fianc-ar (tr.) to betroth, affiance, pledge in marriage; (ulu kun); -eskar: to become engaged; -o, -eso: betrothal, engagement; -it-o, -ulo, -ino: fiance; ge- -iti: the two affianced. — EFI
  • fiask-o fiasco, complete failure. — DEFIRS
  • fibr-o fiber; -eto: fibril; -ala, -oza, -esk-ema, -atra: fibrous, thready; -igar: to thread out (ulo); -eskar: to become fibrous. — DEFIRS
  • fibrin-o (chem.) fibrin. — DEFIRS
  • fibrinogen-o fibrinogen. — DEFIRS
  • fibroin-o (chem.) fibroin. — DE
  • fibrom-o fibroma. — DEFIRS
  • fibul-o (antiq.) fibula, a buckle or clasp (cf. peroneo); -izar: (surg.) to infibulate. — DEFIS
  • fich-o (play-) counter, token, check; asisto- -o: token of presence. Def.: Lud-, konto - marko. Asisto - ficho pagesas a la membri di ula konsilantari, qui asistis singla kunveno. — DFRS
  • fid-ar (intr.) to trust, put one’s trust (in); rely (upon); put confidence (ad ulu, ulo); (cf. konfidar); o-: confidence, reliance, faith; -ema: trusting, confiding; -inda: faithful, trustworthy; -ala: (jur.) fiduciary; su- -ego: great self-confidence; su-fid-eg-anta: overweening; me fidas a lua parolo: I rely on his word. — EFIS
  • fideikomis-o (jur.) a trust (of an estate or property); -ario: trustee. — DFIS
  • fidel-a (of persons) faithful, true, trusty; -(ul)o: a f. person; -eso: fidelity, fealty, allegiance (cf. vasal-eso, devot-eso, loyal-eso); -o-juro: oath of allegiance; -a a sua obligi: faithful to one’s engagements; -a amiko: a faithful friend. — EFIS
  • Fidji Fiji.
  • fier-a proud, proper sense of self-respect or self-esteem; il esas fiera e superba: he is proud and haughty. V. exp.: Fiera esas ta qua havas alta (ma generale justa) opiniono pri sua valoro, merito, povo, e qua manifestas ol extere. Superba esas ta qua havas ecesa opiniono pri sua valoro e merito, e konseque manifestas exajerata pretendi. Ant.: modesta, afabla, familiara. — FIS
  • fifr-o fife; -isto: fifer. — DEF
  • fig-o (bot.) fig; -iero: f. tree; -ier-eyo: f. orchard. — DEFIRS
  • figur-o (also geom. rhet.) figure, outside form, shape of a body; appearance, representation; -ala expresuro, senco, stilo: a figurative expression, sense, style; -o vort-ala: figure of speech; -izar: to figure, form into a determinate shape, represent (in picture) or statuary; -izar kombato: to figure, to represent a fight; -izo: figuration; -iz-anta, -iva: figurative, typical; -iz-ebla: representable. Def.: Formo di tota korpo, homala o ne. Ex.: Figuro di persono, animalo, kozo. Figurizar ulo, garnisar ulo per figuri. Pensala figuro. — DEFIRS
  • figurant-o, -ulo, -ino (theat.) figurant, accessory dancer or character. — DEFS
  • fikari-o (bot.) figwort (Ficaria verna. Ranunculus ficaria).
  • fiktiv-a fictitious, imaginary, not real. Ex. Fiktiva persono, valoro. — DEFIRS
  • fil-o thread; (lina, lana, kotona, e.c.) (flax, wool, cotton, etc.) yarn; (metal-) -o: wire; -ala, -oza: thready; -ifar: (intr.) to spin; -igar: (tr.) to spin (ulo), to make into threads; -if-erio: spinning mill; -if-roto: spinning-wheel; metal-fil-igar: to wire draw, draw into wire; -izar: to thread (a needle); -marioneto, -pupeo: dancing Jack. — FIS
  • filament-o filament (of plants, of nerves, etc.) — DEFIS
  • filandr-o, -i air-thread(s), gossamer(s) (from spiders); (cf. araneotelo). — F
  • filantrop-o philanthropist; -eso: philanthropy. — DEFIRS
  • filari-o filaria. — DEFIRS
  • filas-o tow, harl (of flax, hemp, for spinning). V. exp.: La materio ek qua on filifas. Filaso ne esas stupo; nam on ne povas filigar stupo. — FS
  • filateli-o philately, stamp collecting; -ar: (intr.) to collect stamps; -ero: philatelist. — DEFIS
  • filet-o fillet, chine (of beef, fish); thread (of a screw, worm); -ino: female thread (tech.); -izar: to cut a thread on. Ex.: Fileto de soleo. Skrub-fileto. — DFIS
  • filharmoni-o philharmony; -ala: philharmonic (society, etc.). Def. Amo pasionoza por muziko. — DEFIRS
  • filhelen-a, -o philhellen -ic, -ist. — DEFIS
  • fili-o child (of), son or daughter; -ulo: son; -ino: daughter; -ala: filial; -eso: filiation, relations of children to parents; -al-igar: (fig.) to affiliate (cf. adoptar); -alo: (fig.) branch establishment; -ino di la karitato: sister of charity. — EFIRS
  • filigran-o filigree (work), filigrane. — DEFIRS
  • filik-o (bot.) fern (order: Filices). — IL
  • filipik-o philippic. — DEFIRS
  • Filipin-i Philippines (islands); -ano: Philipino.
  • filistr-a, -ala; -o (fig.) philistine.
  • film-o (photog.) film. — DE
  • filogenez-o phylogeny, phylogenesis. — DEF
  • filolog-o philologist. — DEFIRS
  • filologi-o philology; -ala: philological; -isto: philologist. — DEFIRS
  • filoxer-o (ent. genus) phylloxera, plant lice (cf. afidio). — DEFIRS
  • filozof-o philosopher; -ala: relating to a p. — DEFIRS
  • filozofi-ar (intr.) to philosophize; -o: philosophy; -ala: philosophical. — DEFIRS
  • filtr-ar (tr., intr.) to filter, strain, percolate; -ilo: filter. — DEFIRS
  • fin-ar (tr., intr.) to finish, to end, leave off, to have done, come to an end; -igar: to finish (ulo), to cause to end, put an end to, terminate; -o: end, finish; -a, -ala: final; -alo: (gram.) final syllable; (mus.) finale; -e: finally, at last, lastly; -eskar: to draw to, to approach the end; par- -ita: entirely completed, finished; sen- -a: endless, interminable; sen- -e: indefinitely; -evento: denouement, final event, outcome; la muro finas ye ca loko: the wall finishes at this place; finigez vua parolado: put an end to your talk; ye la fino di ca monato: at the end of this month; finala kauzo: final cause. — EFIS
  • financ-o finance, pecuniary resources; -ala: financial; -isto: financier. — DEFIRS
  • fing-ar (tr.) to feign, sham, pretend, (cf. simular); -o, -uro: dissimulation; false appearance, pretence, sham; figment; -ajo: a fiction, make-believe; -ita: feigned, fictitious. Def.: Simular por trompar. Ex.: Fingar joyo, maladeso. Il fingis amorar me. — DEFIRS
  • fingr-o (anat.) finger, digit; -ala: digital; ped- -o: toe (cf. haluxo); -uyo, -chapo, -shirm-ilo: thimble; f. stall; -agar, -ordinar: (tr., mus.) to finger; -o-frap-eto: fillip; indik- -o: forefinger, index f.; (cf. polexo); meza -o: middle f.; ringo- -o: ring finger, third f.; mikra, orel- -o: little f. — DE
  • finis-ar (tr., tech.) to finish off (an article), to put the finishing touches to (ulo); -limar: (tr.) to finish off (ulo) with a file. Def.: Finisado esas la lasta laboro, quan on facas pri ula material produkturo, por ke ol havez sua definitiva forma ed aspekto.
  • finit-a (math., philos.) finite; -ajo: a f. object.
  • fink-o (orni.) chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs). — D
  • Finland-o Finland; -ano: Finn, Finlander.
  • fint-o (milit., boxing, fencing) feint; -ar: (intr.) to (make a) f. Def.: Simulita atako. Termino teknikal di la skerm-arto, uzata anke metafore. — DEF
  • fioritur-o (mus.) grace note, flourish. — DFIRS
  • firm-o (com.) firm; -estro: head of f. — DEFRS
  • firmament-o (lit. and fig.) firmament. Def.: L’antiqua nociono di la cielo (kom solida vulto). — DEFIS
  • fis (mus.) F sharp.
  • fish-o (also astron.) fish; -et-aro: small f., fry (collect.); -oza: abounding in f.; -izar: to stock with f.; -atra, -forma: f. like, f. shaped; -kaptar: to catch a f. (cf. peskar); -vendar: to sell f.; -koquar: to cook f.; -vend-eyo: f. market; -koqu-ilo: f. kettle; -osto: f. bone; -manj-anta: f. eating, ichthyophagous; -edukado: pisciculture: raising of f; popul-izar per -yuni: to stock with fry. — DE
  • fisk-o fisc: state or royal treasury; an exchequer; -ala: fiscal; -ala bilieto: treasury note; -ala ad-ministr-ado: fiscal administration. — DEFIRS
  • fistul-o fistula. — DEFIRS
  • fit-ar (intr.) -igar (tr.): (mechan., also of garments) to fit: suit as to shape, size; -eg-anta: tight-fitting. Def.: Tale adjustigar mashinal peci, ke li ne plus movas en ula direciono exter l’axala (anke uzata por la vesti). Ex. Ica fitas quale ganto. — EI
  • fix-a fixed (day, star, look, idea); -e: fixedly, steadfastly; -igar: to fix, fasten (ulo), to appoint (a day); -eso: fixity, fixedness; -igo: fixation; -ig-iva, -ivo: (photog.) fixing (agent). Ex.: Stelo fixa. Regardar fixe. Fixigar ulo per pinglo. Fixigar preco. Fixigar la atenco. — DEFIS
  • fizik-o physics; -ala: physical, -isto: physicist; -o-matematik-ala: physico-mathematical. — DEFIRS
  • fiziognomoni-o physiognomics: art of reading character. — DEFIRS
  • fiziokrati-o physiocracy: economic doctrine of Quesnay; -isto: physiocrat. — DEFIRS
  • fiziologi-o physiology; -isto: physiologist. — DEFIRS
  • fizionomi-o physiognomy, countenance, facial appearance; -isto: physiognomist. — DEFIRS
  • fizioterapi-o physiotherapy. — DEFIRS
  • flad-o flawn, a sort of flat custard cake. — D
  • flag-o (especially nav.) flag; (cf. standardo, banero); -eto: pennant; -izar: to dress with f.s. Def.: Flago esas insigno (generale min granda kam standardo), qua indikas la lojeyo, navo o loko di ula chefo o di ula establisuro: ex. la Reda Kruco. — DER
  • flagr-ar (intr., chem.) to deflagrate: to blaze suddenly, flare up; (fig.) to be flagrant, flame into notice, be notorious; -anta delikto: (jur.) flagrante delicto, in the very act. Def.: Kombusto rapida kun granda e subita flami (anke uzata metafore). Ex.: La flagro di nitrokotono esas instantala. Flagranta ne-egaleso. — DEFIS
  • flajolet-o (mus.) flageolet. — DEFS
  • flak-o small pool, puddle (of water, blood, etc.) — F
  • flakon-o flask, cruet; vinagro- -o: vinegar cruet. V. exp.: vid. botelo. — DEFR
  • flam-o flame, blaze, flash, flare; (fig.) flame (of passion), ardour, warmth (of affection); -oza: flaming; -ifar: to blaze up, produce flame; -agar: (tr.) to pass (ulo) over a fire, to singe; -if-(ad)o: flaming, blazing. — DEFIS
  • flaming-o (orni.) flamingo (family: Phoenicopteridae). — DEFIRS
  • flan-ar (intr.) to lounge, saunter, loiter, stroll; -(ad)o: an idle and leisurely walk; -anto, -ero, -emo: lounger, stroller, idler. — DF
  • Flandri-a Flanders; -ano: Flemish.
  • flanel-o flannel; -a: of f. — DEFIRS
  • flanj-o flange (of a tube). Def.: Diskatra, salianta parto di tubi, stangi, e.c., qua uzesas por ligar li per skrubi. V. exp. vid. rebordo. — DEIR
  • flank-o side (of body); flank (of enemy); breast (of ship); -e: at or from the side, flank; -ala: lateral; -ala atako: flank attack; -umar: (tr.) to be on the f. of (ulo); -umo: flanking; -um-anto: (milit.) flanker; -apogar: (tr.) to prop up (ulo) on one side; -izar: (milit., arch.) to f., cover the f. of (ulo, per); -irar: (intr.) to go aside. — DEFIR
  • flar-ar (tr.) to smell, scent (an odour, an object; cf. odorar); -ar rozo: to smell a rose; -ar danjero: (fig.) to smell a rat, scent danger; -(ad)o: smelling; -anta, -ala: olfactory. — F
  • flash-ar (intr.) to flash. Def.: Emisar forta instantala lumo-radii — E
  • flat-ar (tr.) to flatter; -achar: to f. servilely, fawn upon, toady to (ulu); -anta, -ema, -oza: flattering, adulatory; -ach-anto, -ero: sycophant, toady. — DEF
  • flatu-ar (intr.) to break wind, -(ad)o: breaking wind, flatus, poop; -oza, -ema: flatulent, -oz-eso: flatulence. — DEFIS
  • flav-a yellow; -eso: (color) yellow, yellowness; -ajo: y. object; -igar: to render, make y.; -eskar: to become, turn, grow y. — L
  • flebit-o (med.) phlebitis. — DEFIS
  • flech-o (weapon) arrow; (arch.) spire; (fort.) bonnet, fleche, simple redan; (geom.) absciss (of a curve); (trig.) versed sine; -uyo: quiver. — FIS
  • fleg-ar (tr) to nurse, care for (sick person, child; cf. sorgar); -(ad)o: nursing; -ist(ul)o, -ino; nurse; -eyo sick-ward, place for nursing. V. exp.: vid. suciar. — D
  • flegm-o (med.) phlegm; (fig.) coldness, sluggishness (of character); -oza: (med. and mental) phlegmatic. — DEFIRS
  • flegmon-o (med.) phlegmon. — DEFIRS
  • fleret-o (fencing-) foil. Def.: Speco di espado tenua e flexebla por skermado (generale kun butono ye la fino). — DFIS
  • flerovi-o (chem.) flerovium.
  • flex-ar (tr., intr.) to bend (out of the straight), bow, flex; -o, -eso, -uro: bend(ing), flexion; -anta: (anat.) flexor; -ebla: flexible, pliant, supple; -oza: (bot.) flexuous; -igar: to cause to b. — EFIS
  • flexion-o (gram.) flexion. — DEFIS
  • flintglas-o flint-glass. — DEFRS
  • flirt-ar (intr.) to flirt, coquet, make love in a trifling manner; — DEFR
  • flitr-o, -ajo spangle (cf. oripelo); -izar: to spangle. Def.: Ronda plaketo quan on sutas exemple sur vesto por igar ol brilanta. — D
  • flog-ar to flog, whip, lash, flagellate, scourge (cf. verg-agar): -ilo: whip, lash. — E
  • flok-o flake (as of snow); flock: lock of wool or hair; tuft; -oza, -atra: flaky; nivo- -o: snow-f. — DEFIR
  • flor-o flower, bloom, blossom; (fig.) flower (of speech), prime (of life), bloom (of innocence), etc.; -eto: flowerlet; -ala: floral; -ifar: to bloom, blossom, be in flower; -if-(ad)o: blooming, efflorescence; -if-anta: (bot.) floriferous; -izar: to cover, deck (with flowers); -oza, -iz-ita: flowery; -(vend)isto: florist; -ist-ino: flower girl; -kultiv-(ad)o: floriculture; -eyo, -bedo: f. bed; -uyo, -vazo: f. holder, -vase; -uno: (bot.) floret; sen- -igar, des- -izar: to deflower; en la floro di l’evo: (fig.) in the prime of life. — DEFIRS
  • florin-o (money) florin. — DEFIRS
  • flor-kaul-o cauliflower (Brassica oleracea botrytis).
  • floron-o (arch.) flower-work; -iz-ita: ornamented with f.w. Def.: Ornivo imitanta la formo di floro. — FIS
  • flos-o (ich.) fin. — D
  • flot-o (nav.) fleet; -eto: a small f. V. exp.: Floto indikas ‘ensemblo de navi’ naviganta kune e komandata da un chefo; nav-aro restus por indikar l’ensemblo di la navi di un naciono, kompanio, e.c. — DEFIS
  • flotac-ar (intr.) to float, to be afloat on the surface of a liquid; -igar: to (cause to) float, waft, raft (wood, etc.); -lineo, -nivelo: load, water line. — DEFIS
  • flotili-o (nav.) flotilla. Def.: Floto (ne flot-eto) de mikra navi. — DEFIRS
  • flox-o (bot.) phlox (genus: Phlox). — DEFIS
  • flozel-o floss-silk. — EF
  • flu-ar (intr.) to flow, run, glide (of liquids, elec.); -(ad)o: flow, current, stream(ing); -anta: flowing, running; -anto: (math.) fluent, variable quantity; -anta stilo: (fig.) flowing style; segun la fluo: with the current; lava-flu-ajo: lava flow; elektrala -o: f. of electricity. — DEF
  • flug-ar (intr.) to fly (in air), fly about, be wafted (by wind); -etar: to flutter, hover; -eskar: to take wing, flight; -balono: (fig.) a shuttlecock; -anta fisho: flying-fish (genus: Exocoetus and allied species); -folio: loose or detached sheet of paper; -roto: flywheel (of machinery). — DE
  • fluid-a fluid, having parts freely mobile, separate and penetrable, as water, vapor, and air; -o: a fluid; -eso: fluidity. V. exp.: Fluido esas gaso o liquido; (cf. liquida). — DEFIRS
  • fluktu-ar (intr.) to fluctuate, waver, float, move to and fro; (fig.) to be irresolute; -(ad)o: fluctuation, a motion like that of waves; wavering, unsteadiness; la flukti di opiniono publika: the fluctuations of public opinion. Flago fluktuas en la vento: a flag floats in the wind; Aquo fluktuanta: moving water. — DEFIRS
  • fluor-o (chem.) fluorine. — DEFIRS
  • fluorec-ar (intr., physics) to be fluorescent. — DEFIRS
  • fluoroskop-o fluoroscope. — DEFIRS
  • fluoroskopi-o fluoroscopy. — DEFIRS
  • flur-o staircase landing. — DE
  • flut-o (mus.) flute; -o rur-ala: reed-pipe; -eto: child’s whistle; -o transversa: German f., traverse f.; -atra: flutelike, fluty; -(ple)ero, -isto: flute player, flutist. — DEFIRS
  • fluvi-o (large) river, a large stream of water flowing into the sea; (fig.) copious flow, torrent; irar admonte la fluvio: to go up the river; (fig.) fluvio di sango: torrent of blood; -o di fairo, di eloquenteso: stream of fire, of eloquence; -ala: fluvial. — EFIS
  • flux-o rise of tide, high, flood-tide; fluxo e refluxo: flood and ebb of tide; -ar: (intr.) to rise (of tide). — EFIRS
  • fluxion-o (math., med.) fluxion. — DEFIS
  • Focid-o Phocis.
  • fod-ar to dig (the ground, etc.)
  • fok-o (geom., opt.) focus. — DEFIR
  • fol-a mad, crazy, mentally deranged; (fig.) foolish, nonsensical, senseless; -eta: (fam.) cracked, touched (in the head); mad after, infatuated, doting on; (cf. dementa); -(ul)o: madman, fool; -eso: madness, folly; -ajo: mad, foolish act, prank; -a stroko: a foolish play, act; -e amorar: to love to distraction, be madly in love with (ulu); -igar: to make (ulu) crazy, to make some one foolish; -eskar: to go mad, become infatuated; -ig-it-a: maddened, distracted, infatuated; -e ludar: to sport, romp, frolic, play pranks; -fol-lud-ema: playful, sportive, frolicsome; -o-ceptro: fool’s bauble; kort-fol(ul)o: court-fool, -jester. Def.: Vulgara termino, qua aplikesas precipue a la formi maxim videbla e shokanta di alienaco, a ti qui manifestas su per sensenca parolado, agiteso e violento — EFI
  • folad-o (bivalve) pholas, stoneborer, piddocks (family: Pholadidae). — EFIRS
  • foli-o (bot.) leaf; thin sheet of something; folio: page number (folio 12 = pagino 12 of a sheet of which the reverse side is blank); -aro: foliage, leaves (collect.); -eto: leaflet; (bot.) foliole; -ala: relating to leaves; -oza: leafy; (bot.) foliated; -ifar, -eskar: to produce l.s, break forth in l.; -igar: to make into l.form; -if(ad), -iz(ad)o: foliation, leafing; -iz-ita: foliated, flaky; -o-shirmo: bower (of leaves); -o-rekolto: leaf-harvest; sen- -igar: to strip of leaves; -ajo: (arch.) foliaceous ornament, leaf-work; (cf. florono); -umar: to turn over the leaves of a book. — EFIRS
  • folieton-o feuilleton, literary part of a F. newspaper; -isto: a writer of f.s. — DEFRS
  • folikul-o (bot., anat.) follicle. — DEFIRS
  • folklor-o folklore. Def.: Ico esas nek populala literaturo, nek populala tradicionaro, ma l’ensemblo di la verki, rakonti, kanti, kustumi qui naskis de la populo e karakterizas ol, e lua studiado. — DEFR
  • foment-ar (tr., med.) to foment, apply warm lotions to; (fig.) to encourage, stir up. — DEFIS
  • fond-ar (tr.) to found, establish (ulo, sur ulo); (cf. establisar); -ajo, -uro: that which is founded, establishment, foundation (cf. fundamento). Ex.: Il fondis sua sistemo sur fakti nekontestebla. Fondar komercala firmo, imperio, religio. — DEFIS
  • fonem-o phoneme. Def.: La maxim mikra fonologial unajo — DEFIRS
  • fonetik-o phonetics. — DEFIRS
  • fonograf-ar (tr.) to record (ulo) on a phonograph; -ilo: phonograph; -uro: phonograph-record; plear -ilo: to play a phonograph — DEFIRS
  • fonolit-o (min.) phonolite. — DEF
  • fonologi-o (ling.) phonology. Def.: Fako di la linguistiko qua studias la fonemi, t. e. la foni di ula linguo qui esas kapabla transmisar distingi di la signifiki — DEFIRS
  • fonometr-o phonometer. — DEFIRS
  • font-o (pr. and fig.) font, spring: natural source (cf. fonteno); -aquo: spring-water. Ex.: La fonti di Nil. Acensar rivero til la fonto. La fonto di lo bona e di lo mala. Laboro esas la fonto di richaji. Recevar novaji de bona fonto. — EFIRS
  • fontanel-o (anat.) fontanel. — DEFIS
  • fonten-o (artificial) fountain; -plumo: f. pen. — DEFIR
  • for (prep.) far from, away from; -e: (far) away; -a: distant, remote, far distant (de); -ajo: a distant object; distance (prospect); de fore: from a, at a, distance; -esar: to be away; -igar: to remove, send away; - de hike: a great way off (from here); -eso: remoteness; -irar: to go away; -a komerco, navig-ado: foreign trade, navigation. (In composition with verbs ‘away’ as in: for-duktar, -portar, -tirar, -tranar, etc.); il esas for sua patrio: he is away from his fatherland; il vidis il de fore: he saw him from a distance; kad vu volas forirar? do you wish to go away? la soldato forkuris: the soldier ran away. — E
  • forc-o (mechan.) force. Ex.: La forci natural esas l’aero, l’aquo, e.c. Forco centripetala.
  • forcat-o galley-slave, convict (condemned to hard labor). — FIS
  • forceps-o (surg.) forceps, an instrument used in midwifery (cf. pinc-eto). — DEFIS
  • forej-o forage, fodder, food for beasts; -ifar: to forage (for fodder); -o-planti: plants fit for fodder. — DEFIRS
  • forest-o forest; -ala: pertaining to f.s, silvan; -isto: forester; -o-kultivado: forestry; -izar: to cover with f. — DEFIR
  • forfet-o contract, tender (at a stipulated price, whether the contractor lose or gain); -ale: by contract, by the job, at a lump sum; kontratar per forfeto: to engage to do (ulo) by contract. Def.: Kontrato per qua on engajas su exekutar ula laboro po totala sumo fixigita antee. — FI
  • forfikul-o (ent.) earwig (family: Forficulidae). — IL
  • forj-ar (tr.) to forge (metals); -ebla: forgeable; -isto: blacksmith, forger (of iron); -eyo, -erio: smithy, blacksmith’s shop, iron works. — EFS
  • for-jet-ar (tr.) to throw away (cf. re-pulsar, retro-jetar); (of cards) to discard; -ajo: refuse, waste; -inda: worthy of rejection.
  • fork-o (agri.) pitchfork, hayfork, dungfork; (fig.) any two or three-pronged instrument; -eto: tablefork; -atra: forklike, cloven; -o-dento: prong of a f.; -o-pikar: to pierce with a f. — DEFI
  • for-las-ar (tr.) to leave, quit; (cf. livar).
  • form-o form, shape, conformation; -ala: formal; -al-ajo: formality; -al-ismo: formalism; sen- -a: shapeless. — DEFIRS
  • formac-ar (tr.) to form, shape; -(ad)o, -uro: formation; -anta, -iva: formative. Ex.: Formacar literi, nubi, triangulo, karaktero. Geologiala formacuro. — DEFIRS
  • formaldehid-o formaldehyde. — DEFFIRS
  • formalin-o (chem.) formalin. — DEF
  • format-o format, shape, size of a book. — DFIRS
  • formik-o (ent.) ant; -eyo: ant-hill, -nest; -umar: (intr.) to swarm, teem, be full of (like ants); -um(ad)o: swarming; (med.) formication. — FIS
  • Formoz-a Formosa.
  • formul-o formula; -aro, -libro: formulary; -igar, -izar: to formulate, draw up in due form; -igo, -izo: formulation. — DEFIRS
  • formulari-o form (to be filled in). Def.: Modela imprimuri plenigenda. — DFS
  • forn-o (bake-)oven; (tech.) kiln; (cf. furnelo); -ego: furnace, blast f.; -edo: a baking, ovenful, batch; -eyo: baking place, bake-house; -o-pago: charge for baking. Def.: Kesto klozita, en qua on pozas kozi koquenda o varmigenda. — FI
  • fornik-ar (intr.) to fornicate. — EFIS
  • foronomi-o phoronomics: geometry of kinematics. Def.: Geometrio di la movo, o cinematiko geometriala. — DEFIRS
  • for-port-ar (tr.) to carry away, bear off.
  • fors-ar (tr.) to force, break open (a door, a lock), to compel (by mechanical means or power) ; (cf. koaktar). — DEF
  • forsan (adv.) perhaps, may be, perchance. Ex.: Forsan il kredas lo. Forsan il venos, forsan no. Me ne savas precize quanta komizi laboras en ica kontoro; forsan tri o quar. — IL
  • fort-a (also fig.) strong, stout; -e: strongly; (mus.) forte; -ulo: a s. man; -eso: strength; -igar: to strengthen; -eskar: to get s.; (of wind) to freshen; -ig-anta, -iva: strengthening, invigorating; -ig-ivo: strengthener, tonic. Ant.: febla, debila, frajila. — EFIRS
  • fortifik-ar (tr., milit.) to fortify; -(ad)o: fortification, (act); -uro: fortification (object). — DEFIRS
  • for-tran-ar (tr.) to draw, drag away; (fig.) to sweep away, carry off (by passion).
  • fortres-o fortress, a large fort holding a garrison.; (fig.) a stronghold. — EFIRS
  • fortun-o good fortune, good luck; (myth.) Fortuna; -oza: fortunate, lucky; (cf. hazard-oza). Def.: Bona chanco. Ant.: des-fortuno, des-felic-eso. — DEFIS
  • forum-o forum. — DEFIRS
  • fos-o hole, pit, cavity; -eto: small hole; (of face or body) dimple; -ifar: to dig or make a pit. Def.: Kavajo o exkavajo plu o min larja e profunda (en tero). — FIS
  • fosat-o ditch, trench; (milit.) moat. Def.: Foso longa o plu juste linea, qua formacas limito od obstaklo. — FI
  • fosf-o (chem.) phosphorus; -ala, -oza: phosphoric. — DEFIRS
  • fosfat-o (chem.) phosphate; -acido: phosphoric acid. — DEF
  • fosfen-o (phsysiol.) phosphene. — DEF
  • fosfid-o phosphide. — DER
  • fosforec-ar (intr.) to be phosphores-cent; -(ad)o: phosphorescence — DEFIRS
  • fosil-a, -o fossil; -igar: to fossilize; -eskar: to become fossilized. — DEFIS
  • fost-o post, a piece or timber set upright; stake (cf. paliso); jamb (of a door); indiko- -o: way-post, guide-post, signpost. — D
  • fotofobi-o (med.) photophobia, aversion to light. — DEFIRS
  • fotofon-o photophone, radiophone. — DEFIRS
  • fotograb-ar (tr.) to photo-engrave; -uro: photogravure. — DEFIRS
  • fotograf-ar (tr.) to photograph; -ilo: camera; -ajo, -ato: object, person photographed; -uro: a photograph. — DEFIRS
  • fotokemi-o photochemistry. — DEF
  • fotokopi-ar to photocopy. — DEFIRS
  • fotolitograf-ar (tr.) to photo-lithograph.
  • fotometr-o (phys.) photometer. — DEFIRS
  • fotometri-o photometry. — DEFIRS
  • foton-o photon. — DEFIRS
  • fotosfer-o (astron.) photosphere. — DEFIRS
  • fototerapi-o (med.) phototherapy. — DEF
  • fototipi-o phototypy. — DEF
  • fox-o fox; -eyo: f.hole, -burrow; -chas-isto, -ero: f.hunter. — DE
  • foy-o time (in counting); occasion (repetition); turn (in series); singla-foye, omna-foye: evey time (that), all the time, whenever; multa-foye: many times, often (when), repeatedly; quanta-foye: how many times; kelka-foye: sometimes; esas mea foyo: it is my turn; a singlu lua foyo: to each a turn, every one in turn; me vidas il du-foye en la monato: I see him twice a month. F
  • foyer-o (theat.) foyer, lobby; (of the actors) green-room. — DEFIRS
  • fracion-o (arith.) fraction; -igar: to divide into f.s. — DEFIRS
  • frag-o strawberry; -iero: s.plant (genus: Fragaria); -ier-eyo, -ier-bedo: s. bed. — FISL
  • fragment-o fragment, broken piece, scrap; -igar: to make into or reduce to f.s. — DEFIS
  • frajil-a (also fig.) fragile, brittle, easily broken or destroyed, not durable; hom - ala- -eso: (fig.) man’s frailty; la -eso dil fortuno: (fig.) the instability of fortune. V. exp.: Ne omna objekto ruptebla esas frajila; bastono esas ruptebla, vitro dina esas frajila;. Ant.: solida, dur-iva. — DEFIS
  • frak-o (evening) dress coat, swallow-tailed coat. — DFRS
  • frakas-ar (tr.) to break to pieces, shatter, smash; -bruiso: crash (sound). (cf. ruptar). Ex.: Frakasar porcelana taso. Omna osti en lua korpo esis frakasata. — FI
  • fraktal-o fractal. — DEFIRS
  • fram-o (tech.) frame (work) (of a machine, wagon, etc.); chassis (of autom.); sash (of a window, etc.) N.B. not frame of picture; cf. kadro. — E
  • framason-o a freemason; -ala: masonic. — EFIRS
  • framb-o rasberry; -iero: r. bush (genus: Rubus); -izar: to cover with r.s; (fig.) to give a r. flavor to. — FS
  • Franc-a French; -o, -ulo, -ino; Franci-ano: a F. person; -ia: France; -igar: to frenchify, gallicize; -eskar: to become F.; -ig-(ad)o: gallicizing; -amanta; -amiko: francophil; -odi-anto; -enemiko: enemy of the F.; francophobe; la Franca (linguo): the French (language); -atre, segun la Franca modo: in the F. fashion.
  • francisk-o (French) battle-axe. Def.: Armo di l’antiqua Franki: hakilo kun du tranchivi. — DFS
  • franciskan-o a Franciscan monk, gray friar. — DEFIRS
  • frangul-o (bot.) black alder tree, alder buckthorn Frangula (Rhamnus). — IL
  • franj-o fringe, border of loose threads; -izar: to f. (ulo): adorn, trim with a f.; -igar; -eskar: to fray out, become f.ed. — DEFIS
  • franjipan-o frangipane, jasmine perfume, also a liquor. — DEFIS
  • frank-o franc: F. coin; normal value: $0.193; 9.52 pence.
  • Frank-o member of a former German people. — DEFIRS
  • frankolin-o (orni.) francolin: a species of partridge (genus: Pternistes). — DEFIRS
  • Frankoni-a Franconia; -ano: Frank.
  • frap-ar (tr.) to strike, knock, hit, slap, rap; (fig.) to make an impression on (ulu); -etar: to pat, tap lightly, strum; -(ad)o: strike, clapping (of hands, rapping); (cf. stroko); frap-anta verajo: a striking truth; vento- -o: gust of wind; pugno- -o: blow of the fist; manu- -o: clap (of hand); pedo- ar: to kick (cf. kikar); ondo- -o: beat of wave; -ar pike e tranche: to cut and thrust. V. exp.: vid. batar. — F
  • frat-o (also relig.) brother or sister; -ulo: brother; -ino: sister; ge- -i: brothers and sisters; -aro, -eso: brother- or -sisterhood; -ala, atra: fraternal, sisterly, brotherly; -eskar: to fraternize (kun); armo- -ulo: brother-in-arms; lakto- -ulo: foster brother; -ocido: fratricide (act.) — EFIS
  • fraterkul-o puffin.
  • fraud-ar (tr., intr.) to defraud; cheat (in play); -a, -oza: fraudulent; -anto, -ero: defrauder, cheat; -e sustraktar: to embezzle; -ar parole: to equivocate; -ar sua kredit-anti: to defraud one’s creditors; -ar en exameno: to cheat in an examination. V. exp. furtar. — DEFIS
  • fraxin-o (bot.) ash-tree (genus: Fraxinus). — FISL
  • fray-o spawn, eggs of fish and also of frogs; -ifar: to s. — FIS
  • fraz-o (gram., mus.) phrase, sentence; -ifar: to phrase, form sentences; -o-formo: a form of sentence; a ready-made sentence, commonplace; idiotismala frazo: idiomatic sentence; membro de -o: clause (cf. klauzo). — DEFIRS
  • frazeologi-o phraseology. — DEFIRS
  • fregat-o (nav.) frigate. — DEFIRS
  • fregat-ucelo (orni.) frigate-bird (genus: Techypetes)
  • fremis-ar (intr.) to shudder, quiver, tremble (from passion; cf. tremar); -igar: to cause to shudder. Ex.: On fremisas de (pro) hororo, iraco, de multa pasioni. — FS
  • fren-o (tech.) brake; -(ag)isto: brakeman; -agar: (intr.) to apply the b.s.; par- -agar: to put the b. full on; — FIS
  • frenezi-o frenzy, madness; -oza, -ika: furious, frantic, frenzied, raving; aceso de frenezio: a fit of f.; -oza homo: frantic person. Def.: Furioza deliro; (fig.) eceso en ula pasiono. — DEFIS
  • frenologi-o phrenology; -isto: phrenologist. — DEFIS
  • frequ-a frequent; -ala: (gram.) frequentative. V. exp.vid. ofta. Ant. rara, ecept-a, -ala, unika. — DEFIS
  • frequent-ar (tr.) to frequent, visit often, haunt; attend (a school); -ata: frequented (road, etc.); nur la Angli frequentas ta regioni: only the English frequent these parts. V. exp.: Frequentar implikas (etimologie) l’ideo di frequeso, do di plura o multa asisti. On frequentas skolo, kurso, ma on ne frequentas diskurso (unfoye facita): on asistas ol. — DEFIS
  • fresh-a fresh, recently made, gathered, done, obtained; not stale; sound, not impaired by time; -igar: to freshen, refresh; -ig-anta: refreshing. Ex.: Fresha ovo (jus pozita). Fresha aquo, karno, linjo. Freshe bakita, razita. La fresheso di la rozo. La pluvo freshigas l’aero, la vejetantaro. Drinkajo freshiganta. — DEFIRS
  • fresk-o fresco; -e piktar: to paint in f. — DEFIRS
  • fret-ar (tr., nav.) to charter (a vessel); -anto, -ero: charterer; -o-pago, -preco: freight-, charter-cost; -o-kontrato: charter-party. Def.: Lokacar navo por transporto di vari. — DEFS
  • frez-ar (tr., tech.) to countersink; to widen, chamfer the upper part of a hole; -ilo: a c. — DFIRS
  • friabl-a friable. Def.: Qua esas facile reduktebla a pulvero. — EFIS
  • friand-a (of objects) dainty, nice, toothsome, savory; -ajo: titbit, dainty morsel, sweetmeat, table delicacy; -a disho; a dainty dish. — F
  • fricion-ar (tr., mechan., med.) to rub; -o: rubbing, friction. V. exp. vid. frotar. — DEFIS
  • Frigi-a Phrygia; -ano: Phrygian.
  • frigor-o (tech.) cold: (cf. kold-eso); -izar: (tr.) to refrigerate, preserve by cooling, -iz-(ad)o: refrigeration; -iz-ivo, -ilo: cooling, refrigerating apparatus; -if-anta, -iva: frigorific: producing cold; -if-anta fasko: refrigerating coil, fresh-aqu-ala frigor-iz-ilo: fresh water cooler.
  • frikas-ar (tr., cook.) to fricassee; -ajo, -uro: a f. — DEFIRS
  • frip-o, -i worn-out, old clothes or apparel, frippery, trumpery; -eyo: old clothes place, rag-fair; -isto: old clothes dealer; second hand dealer. — EF
  • fripon-a knavish, rascally; -(ul)o: knave, rogue, rascal; (cf. raskalo); -ajo, -eso: rascality, knavishness. F
  • fris-o (arch.) frieze. — DEFIRS
  • frisk-ar (intr.) to frisk, w(r)iggle, fidget; -ema: frisky, nimble, fidgety; ca fisho ankore friskas: this fish is still wriggling; ta puero esas -ema: that child is frisky (or, fidgety); el esas sempre -anta per sua pedi: she is always fidgeting with her feet. Def.: Agitar (su) per movi vivaca e kurta. — E
  • frist-o (jur.) fixed space of time; (legal) term; respite, delay, postponement. Def.: Tempo - quanto grantenda o grantita por efektigar ulo. Ex.: On grantas a vu fristo de tri monati por pagar vua debaji. — D
  • frit-ar (tr., intr.) to fry; -ajo: thing fried, a fritter, fry; -ita buio (de): croquette; -o -graso: fat for frying. — EFIS
  • frivol-a (of persons) frivolous, light-minded; (of things, acts) trifling, futile, petty; -(ul)o: f. person; -ajo: frivolity (act); a futility; -a yuno: a gay young person; dicar -aji: to talk nonsense, fiddle-faddle. Ant.: serioza, grava. — DEFIRS
  • friz-ar (tr., intr.) to curl, frizzle (the hair of the head, beard, mustache, etc.); -eso: curliness; -ajo, -loklo: a curl; -isto: hair-curler, -dresser; -fero: curling iron; papero: curl-paper. — DEFS
  • Frizi-a Friesland; -ano: Frieslander.
  • frog-o frog: coarse braid or gallon crossing the breasts of a coat. (Not amphib. cf. rano). — E
  • frok-o (monk’s) cowl, hood (cf. kapuco); (in an extensive sense) (monk’s) frock, gown; -izar: to enfrock; abandonar la -o: (fig.) to cease to be a monk. — EF
  • frol-ar to graze, touch slightly in passing, brush past. Ex.: La kuglo frolis mea kapo. — F
  • fromaj-o cheese. — FI
  • frond-o a sling ( as for throwing stones); (surg.) a sling (as used for arm) (cf. sharpo); -agar: (tr.) to throw (ulo) with a s. — FI
  • front-o (anat.) forehead; (fig.) the fore part of anything; -ala: frontal (anat.); front (fig.); -alo: frontal-bone; sam- -e: abreast; -o-lineo: (milit.) front-line; -o larja: a wide forehead; a broad front; atakar la enemiko sur la fronto: to attack the enemy on its front; frontal atako: a front attack; la -o di vesto: the front of a garment. — DEFIRS
  • frontier-o frontier. Def.: Limito inter du landi. — EFIS
  • frontispic-o (book) frontispiece. Def.: Ilustruro qua opozesas (E. faces) a titul-pagino di libro e libro-parto. — DEFIS
  • fronton-o (arch.) fronton, pediment; -eto: a little pediment over a door or window. Def.: Arkitektural ornivo triangula o mi-cirkla super la enireyo di edifico. — FIRS
  • frost-ar (intr.) to freeze (cf. glacieskar); -igar: to f. (ulo); (cf. frigor-izar; konjelar; pruinar); -etar: to chill, benumb; forta -o: a hard freeze; -o-pluvo: a freezing rain; -o-fend-ita: split, cracked by frost; des- -ar: to thaw. — DE
  • frot-ar (tr., household term) to rub, scrub, shine up; polish (ulo) by rubbing; wax and polish (a floor, furniture) (cf. polisar). V. exp.: Frotar esas ekonomiala ago: on frotas parqueto, mobli, etc. Fricionar havas teknikala senco, sive en medicino, sive en mekaniko. — DFS
  • fru-a, -e (adj. adv.) early; -lev-anta, -anto: rising early; early riser; tro frue: too early; plu frue: earlier; maxim frue posible: as early as possible. — D
  • frugal-a frugal; (cf. spar-ema) Ex.: Frugala homo. Frugaleso di repasto. — DEFIS
  • frugileg-o (orni.) rook (Corvus frugilegus); -eyo: rookery. — L
  • frukt-o (pr. and fig.) fruit; -ifar: to fructify, bear fruit; -oza, -if-anta: fruitful, prolific; -arboro: f. tree; -o-gardeno, -arbor-eyo: f. garden; -o-vend-isto: f. seller; -o-manj-anta: frugivorous. — DEFIRS
  • frument-o wheat; -a, -ala, -atra: frumentaceous; -izar: to sow (ulo) with w., cover with w. — EFI
  • fruns-ar (tr.) to wrinkle, pucker, purse (the lips), knit (the brows), to gather (in needle work); -(ad)o: wrinkling, puckering; -uro, -aro: gathering, puckers; -ar la brovi: to frown. V. exp.: Frunsar esas facar nereguloza falduro; plisar esas facar reguloza falduro. — FS
  • frust-a worn out, defaced, corroded (of coins), weather-beaten (of statues); -a medalio: a defaced medal; konko -a: a worn shell. V. exp.: Frusta esas vorto mi-teknikala, utila in mikra faki, ex. pri arto (skulptado, numismatiko). — FIS
  • frustr-ar (tr.) to deprive unjustly (ulu, de ulo), to defraud; (N.B. not E. frustrate; cf. deceptar, fali-igar, van-igar). Def.: Privacar neyuste o neloyale. Ex.: Frustrar asociito de lua parto de profito. — FIS
  • ftizi-o (med.) phthisis, consumption; -ika, -iko: consumptive. — DEFIS
  • fudr-o ton, large cask. Def.: Tre granda barelo (de 800 litri e plu multo). — DF
  • fuel-o fuel. — E
  • fug-ar (tr., intr.) to flee (from), run away; -eskar: to take flight; -igar: to put (ulu) to flight, drive away, rout; -o: running away, flight, rout; (mus.) fugue; -anta, -inta, -ema: fugitive, fleeting, transient; -anto, -ero: fugitive, runaway. Ex.: Ni fugas de la enemiko. Ni fugigas la enemiko. Tempo fugas. La fugo ad Egiptia. Fuganta sklavo. Ca vivo esas fuganta (E. transient). — FIR
  • fuin-o (zool.) common (or beech-) marten (Mustela Foina). — FISL
  • fuk-o (bot.) fucus, sea-weed, kelp. Def.: Ordinara genero di algo. — EFIS
  • ful-ar (tr.) to tread (grapes), trample on (ulo); to full (cloth) (cf. tramplar). Def.: Pedo-presar (ulo) o marchar sur (ulo); (fig.) specala maniero traktar drapi. Ex.: Fular la vitberi. La kavali fulis la gazono e la flori. — EFI
  • fulard-o (fabric) foulard; (fig.) a silk handkerchief. — DEFR
  • fulgur-ar (intr.) to fulgurate, flash as or like lightning (cf. fulminar); -pulvero: (photog.) flash-light powder.
  • fulgurit-o (geol.) fulgurite. — DEFIRS
  • fuligin-o soot; -oza, -atra: sooty, fuliginous; -ea: s. colored. — EFIS
  • fulk-o (orni.) (bald) coot (genus: Fulica). — FISL
  • fulmar-o fulmar. — EFS
  • fulmin-ar (tr., intr.) to fulminate, to lighten; to thunder and lighten; to flash; to blast (ulu); (fig.) to thunder forth (menaces, excommunication, etc. kontre ulu); -(ad)o: lightning, flash, fulmination; -stroko: thunderbolt, lightning stroke; -o-silenc-oza: heat-lightning; -anta: fulminating; para- -o: lightning-rod. — EFIS
  • fum-ar (tr., intr.) to smoke; -izar: to cover with s.; to s. dry; -agar: (tr.) to fumigate; to s. out (ulu); -ag-ilo: fumigating apparatus; -oza; -if-anta: smoky; smoke-producing; -anto, -ero: smoker; -fend-uro: smoke fissure (cf. fumarolo); -karbono: smoking-coal, smoky bit of charcoal; -konsum-anta: s. consuming; -o-nigro: lamp-black. — EFIS
  • fumari-o (bot.) fumitory (genus: Fumaria). — EFIS
  • fumarol-o (volcanic) fumarole, smoke fissure (cf. fum-fend-uro). — DEFIS
  • funcion-ar (intr.) to function (all senses): to function, act (kom), to perform the duties, fill an office, to work properly (of machinery, etc.); (cf. agar, laborar); -igar: to make work, set going, put in play; -(ad)o: function(ing): execution, performance; discharge (of duty); office, duty; (physiol., math.) function; -ala: functional; -ero: functionary; -er-ismo: officalism, administrative system, founded on the existence of a great number of functionaries. — DEF
  • fund-o bottom, lowest part of something hollow, as b. of a vase, a well; that which stands at the bottom, as a liquid at the bottom of bottles; ground, solid substance under water, as of sandy b.; (fig.) basis, essential part; -e: at bottom, in the main, in reality; -izar: to bottom (a chair, etc.); sen- -a: bottomless; en la fundo di la holdo: in the b. of the hold; -o di lito: b. of a bed; -o di la maro: b. of the ocean; tushar -o: to touch b.; (fig.) la -o di pikturo: the background of a painting; veluro kun oratra -o: velvet with a gold(like) background; de l’fundo til la tekto: from the bottom to the roof; (fig.) wholly, from top to bottom; -o di spegulo: back of a mirror. — FIS
  • fundament-o (pr. and fig.) that on which anything rests; foundation, groundwork, underpinning; (fig.) basis, ground; (cf. fond-uro, basamento); -ala: fundamental; -izar: to lay the f.s of (ulo). Ex.: La fundamento di edifico. La fundamenti di la universo, di la homala vivo, di la arti; Lua sistemo esas fundamentale nejusta. — DEFIRS
  • funel-o funnel; -agar: (tr.) to pour (ulo) through a f.; -ego: (mill-)hopper; -fusilo: (firearm) blunderbuss. — E
  • funer-o (ceremony) funeral, obsequies; -ala: funeral, funereal, mortuary; -isto: undertaker. — DEFIS
  • funest-a baleful, disastrous, distressing, pernicious, malign. Def.: Expresas ideo plu forta kam nociva, ma ne esas exakte nek sempre mortigiva; signifikas kauzo od okaziono di nefeliceso. Ex.: Funesta evento, novajo, pasiono, milito. Ant.: favoroza. — FIS
  • fung-o (also med.) (bot.) fungus, mushroom, (edible or poisonous as toadstool); -o manj-ebla: edible (or common) m.; -ajo: (med., bot.) f. growth; -oza: fungous; -atra, -o-forma: f. like; f. shaped; -o-kultiv-eyo: f. bed. — EIL
  • funikular-a funicular, dependent upon the tension of a cord, cable; -a fervoyo: f. railroad. — DEFIS
  • funt-o pound (weight). — DR
  • fuort-o fort, fortified point, stronghold; (cf. fortreso). — DEFIRS
  • fur-o fur (of animals; cf. felo); -oza, -iz-ita: furry, lined with fur; -izar: to line, cover with fur; -isto: furrier; -vesto, -ajo: fur garment, fur object. — EFS
  • furet-o (zool.) ferret; (Putorius Furo); (fig.) ferret(er), inquisitive person; -agar: (intr.) to hunt with a f.; -umar: (tr.) to ferret out, pry into (ulo); -um-anto: a Paul Pry, searcher. — EFI
  • furgon-o closed van or goods wagon (cf. kamiono); (milit.) baggage cart, ammunition wagon. Def.: Kargoveturo qua esas konstitucita ek kestego klozita en qua on inkluzas la vari. — F
  • furi-ar (intr.) to be in a state of extreme anger, momentary madness, immoderate passion; -igar: to infuriate (ulu); -o: rage; (myth.) Fury; -oza: furious, enraged. — DEFIRS
  • furier-o (milit.) quartermaster (sergeant) (cf. quartermastro). — DFIS
  • furnaz-o (also fig.) furnace; ardor-oza-o: fiery furnace.
  • furnel-o stove (for heating or cooking); kitchen-range; -ego: furnace; -if-isto: stove-maker; fuzo- -o: smelting-furnace. Def.: Aparato en qua on facas fairo; ol povas kontenar forno. — FIS
  • furnis-ar (tr.) to furnish, supply (ulo ad ulu); -ajo: thing supplied; -anto, -ero, -isto: furnisher, purveyor; (theat.) property-man. Ex.: Furnisar pano, mobli, informo. V. exp.: On provizas ulu per ulo; on furnisas ulo ad ulu; kp. livrar. — EFI
  • furt-ar (tr.) to steal, rob, purloin; -et-ar: to pilfer; -o: theft, larceny; -ajo: thing stolen; -o-mani-o, -iko: kleptomani-a, -ac; enirar -eme; to steal in, sneak in. V. exp.: Furtar esas prenar per ruzo la proprajo di altru (generale kun nesavo di ica); raptar esas prenar ol per violento sen celo; fraudar korespondas a furtar (implikas deshonesta ruzo). — ISL
  • furte-chas-ar (intr.) to poach, steal game.
  • furto-cel-o the hiding or receiving of stolen goods: -ero, -isto: receiver of stolen goods; (colloq.) fence.
  • furunkl-o (med.) furuncle, boil. — DEFIS
  • fush-ar (tr.) to bungle, botch, scamp (work); -(ad)o: botching; (fig.) sabotage; -ajo: botch-work, shoddy; -fabrikar: to make worthless merchandise, shoddy goods. — D
  • fusil-o musket, gun, rifle; -iero: fusilier; -agar: (tr.) to shoot (down) (ulu); -pafar: (intr.) to shoot (ad ulo); -ag-ado: firing, fusillade; -pafo: musket-shot; chas- -o: hunting gun, fowling-piece; duopla -o: double-barreled gun; glata -o: shotgun; iter-anta -o: a repeating or magazine rifle. — FIRS
  • fust-o (arch.) fust: shaft of a column; (of a cannon) chase. — EFIS
  • fusten-o (fabric) fustian. — EFIS
  • fut-o foot (measure). — ER
  • futbal-o football. — DEFIS
  • futer-o lining (of clothes, etc.); -izar: to line (ulo). — DIRS
  • *futu-ar to fuck
  • futur-a, -o (also gram.) future; predicar la -o: to foretell the f. — DEF
  • fuxi-o (bot.) fuchsia (genus: Fuchsia). — DEFIRS
  • fuxin-o (chem.) fuchsine. — DEFIRS
  • fuz-ar (tr.) to melt, fuze, smelt; -o, -eso: melting, fusion, blend; -anta, -iva, -ema: melting, dissolving; -erio: foundry, smelting establ.; -kaldrono: melting-pot; -arto: art of smelting; -temperaturo: melting point; -ebla: fusible; kun- - ar: to melt together, amalgamate, blend. — EFIS
  • fuze-o rocket (as in fireworks); fuse (to a bomb, etc.); signal- -o: sky-, signal-rocket. — F
  • fuzel-o (geom.) spindle: a solid generated by the revolution of a curved line about its base; a fusiform figure; — F
  • fuzelaj-o fuselage. — EFRS
  • fuzen-o (bot.) prickwood, spindle tree, (genus: Evonymus); -karbono, -krayono: charcoal pencil; -desegnuro, -uro: charcoal sketch. — FIS
  • fuzion-o fusion (biological, nuclear). — DEFIRS
  • fyord-o fiord, rocky bay. — DEFIRS


G

  • gaban-o water proof cloak with hood and sleeves; (naut.) pilot-coat. — FIS
  • gabar-o lighter, barge (for loading and unloading ships). — DFIS
  • gabion-o (fort.) gabion. — EFIRS
  • Gabon Gabon. — DEFIRS
  • gadoini-o gadolinium. — DEFIRS
  • gaf-o boat-hook; (fig.) gaff (as used to secure heavy fish). — EFI
  • gagat-o jet (mineral); -ajo: object made of j. — DL
  • gain-o a long narrow vertical holder, sheath, scabbard (as for a sword, bayonet, etc.: en- -igar: to sheath) a sword, etc. V. exp: vid. etuyo. — FI
  • gaj-o pledge, pawn, deposit, gage; something given as security for repayment of money borrowed; -o-pekunio: earnest money; -o-homo: hostage; -izar: to give as a pledge, secure; depozar (ulo) gaje o kom gajo: to pawn; prenar kom gajo: to hold as pledge; pagar (o donar) gajo (-pekunio): to pay a deposit. — EF
  • gal-o gallnut, nutgall; -vespo: gallfly (Cynips). — DEFIRS
  • gala (adj.) gala; -dineo: gala dinner; -festo: gala festival; -robo: a gala robe, festive dress. V. exp.: Ica vorto uzesas precipue adjektive, por qualifikar festo, dineo, reprezento, e.c. On uzos do ol kom unesma elemento di kompozita vorti. — DEFIS
  • gala- gala-. This is properly an adjective but is used in a few instances as the first element of a composed word: gala-festo, gala festival; gala-robo, a gala robe.
  • galant-a gallant; polite and attentive to ladies; -ajo: act of gallantry, courteous act (to ladies). — DEFIRS
  • galanten-o (cook.) galantine; collared turkey or veal. — DEFIRS
  • Galati-a Galatia (Asa Minor).
  • galaxi-o galaxy. — EFIRS
  • galban-o galbanum, a resinous gum. — DEFIRS
  • galen-o (min.) - galena. — DEFIS
  • galer-o (antiq. vessel) galley; -ano: one of the crew of the g.; (fig.) g.slave (cf. bagn-ano). — DEFIRS
  • galeri-o gallery, a long narrow room, hall or passageway; highest balcony (in theaters, churches); balcony on stern of ship; drift tunnel, (in mining or fortification) -spekt-anti, -ant-aro: the gallery, people seated in g. — DEFIRS
  • galet-o ‘gallette’: a thin cake. — FS
  • gali-o (chem.) gallium. — DEF
  • Galici-a Galicia (Austria); -ano: Galician.
  • galicism-o Gallicism, a French idiom. — DEFIRS
  • galikan-a Gallican, Gallic; -ismo: Gallicanism. — DFIRS
  • Galile-a Galilee; -ano: Galilean.
  • galimatias-o galimatias, jargon, gibberish. V. exp.: Galimatiaso ne estas linguo, ma diskurso o parolado qua estas gramatikale korekta ma konfuza ed obskura per la stilo. — DEFS
  • galinel-o (orni.) gallinule: water-hen, moor-hen (genus: Gallinula). — EFISL
  • galion-o (nav.) galleon. — DEFIS
  • galiot-o (nav.) gal(l)liot. — DEFIS
  • Galisi-a Galicia (Spain); -ano: Galician.
  • Gall-i Gauls; -ia: Gaul.
  • galon-o galoon, a narrow trimming, lace of gold, silver, silk, etc.; -iz-ita: galooned. — DEFIRS
  • galop-ar (intr.) -igar (tr.): to gallop; -etar: to canter; -eg-ante: at full gallop; -anta ftizio: (fig.) galloping consumption. — DEFIRS
  • galosh-o galosh: a shoe with a wooden sole. — DEFIRS
  • galvan-ala galvanic, related to galvanism; -ismo: galvanism, galvanic (or voltaic) electricity. — DEFIRS
  • galvaniz-ar (tr. elec., and fig.) to galvanize, electrify; (cf. galvano-plastar). — DEFIRS
  • galvanometr-o galvanometer. — DEFIRS
  • galvanoplast-ar (tr.) to electrotype; -(ad)o: galvanoplasty, electrotyping, electro-metallurgy. — DEFIRS
  • gam-o (mus.) gamut, scale. Def.: Sequo di la soni di ula tono en l’ordino di alteso (ex.: c, d, e, f, g, a, b esas la gamo di la tono di C). — EFIRS
  • gamb-o leg, shank; -oza, -iz-ita: legged; bon-, bel-gamb-oza: well made about the legs; -o ligna o artificala: wooden, artificial leg; -alo: boot-leg; -armo: leg-guard; sen- -a: legless. — FI
  • Gambi-a Gambia.
  • gambit-ar (tr.) to trip up (ulu); (fig.) (in chess) to play a gambit. — FI
  • gambol-ar (intr.) to gambol, skip about in frolic, romp. — EF
  • gamel-o (milit., nav.) mess-bowl, -platter; (fig.) mess; -o-kamarado: messmate; manjar -e: to mess to-gether. — FIS
  • gan-ar (tr.) to gain, to earn, to win; -ajo: what is gained; -ig-anta: lucrative, profitable; -ema: covetous, greedy (cf. avida); -em-eso: cupidity; -ar sua nutrivi: to make one’s living; -ar sua proceso: to win one’s case; -ar dek franki: to earn (or make) ten francs; -ar premio: to win a prize; -ar batalio: gain a battle; -ar l’amo: gain the love. — EFIS
  • ganet-o gannet. — E
  • gang-o (min.) gangue. — DEFIS
  • ganglion-o (anat.) ganglion. — DEFIRS
  • gangren-ar (intr. med.) to be affected with gangrene; -igar, -ifar: (tr., intr.) to g., to produce mortification; -o: g., (fig.) corruption. — DEFIRS
  • gans-o (orni.) goose; -ulo: gander; -o-yuno: gosling; -o-plumo: quill pen; -o-pedo: foot of a g.; -o-pelo: gooseflesh, creeping of the flesh; -o-marcho: Indian file, single file; -o-pazo: goose-step (milit.) — DS
  • gant-o glove; -izar: to g., fit with g.; armo- -o, fera -o: gantlet, gauntlet. — EFIS
  • gap-ar (intr.) to gape with wonder or curiosity (like a simpleton). — DE
  • gar-ar (tr.) to put or place to one side of a road or way (temporarily for protective purposes); to shunt, switch, (trains on a siding); -ar su: to turn aside (as to allow another to pass), to give way (as a fencer to protect himself); -voyo: (R.R.) siding, shunt-line; -eyo: a side place; (fig.) a garage (for autos). Def.: Pozar latere ad ula voyo, en halto o rezervo, quaze depozita o shirmata. Ex.: On garas treni sur gar-voyi (N.B. gareyo ne esas staciono). On garas bateli en la protui o gareyi (larjigita parti) di kanalo. La pasanti en la stradi garas su de la veturi o por lasar altru pasar. La skermanto garas su por ‘kovrar’ (protektar) sua korpo ed evitar la stroki di espado. — DEFIS
  • garanti-ar (tr.) to guarantee, warrant; (cf. cert-igar, responsar, kaucion-igar). Ex.: Garantiar la pago di debajo. Me garantias ca posh-horlojo por un yaro. Me ne povas garantiar la vereso di ta aserto. — DEFIRS
  • garb-o sheaf (of wheat, etc.); aquo- -o: sheaf-like cluster of jets; fairo- -o: fireworks resembling a sheaf; -amaso: cock, stack, rick. — DF
  • garbanz-o (bot.) chick-pea (Cicer). — S
  • gard-ar (tr.) to guard (persons); to tend (beasts); -ar su: to beware, take heed; -ist-o: a guard; -ar per la okuli: not to lose sight of; -o-hundo: watch-dog; -o-navo: g. ship; -ez vu por ke on ne videz vu: beware that no one sees you; -ar la karcer-ani: to guard prisoners; -ar la mutoni: to take care of the sheep. — EFIS
  • garden-o garden; -kultivar: to g.; -kultiv-(ad)o: horticulture; -festo, -partio: g. party. — DEF
  • gardeni-o (bot. genus) gardenia. — DEFIRS
  • gardi-o (ich.) roach (Leuciscus rutilus). — FS
  • garen-o warren; -kuniklo: rabbit of a w.; kuniklo- -o: rabbit w. — FI
  • gargar-ar (tr.) to gargarize, to gargle (the throat) (ulu, su); -ivo: a gargle, gargative. — DEFIS
  • garit-o sentry-box. — FIS
  • garnis-ar (tr.) to furnish with things necessary to complete or embellish; -ar biblioteko, butiko: to stock a library, a shop; -ar fortreso: to supply a fortress with provisions, ordnance, ammunition and stores; elua bela denti -as lua boko: her beautiful teeth set off her mouth; -ar disho: to garnish a dish; -ar chapelo per flori: to trim a hat with flowers. — DEFIRS
  • garnitur-o garniture, ornamental appendages, embellishment, furniture, dress. — DEFIR
  • garnizon-o garrison; -ano: member of a g. — DEFIRS
  • garot-o short piece of wood used to tighten anything, especially cords by twisting around; packing-stick; -agar: to garrote, strangle (as in Spain); -ligar: to make fast, with or in a garrote; (fig.) to pinion, strangle. — EFS
  • garson-o (man) waiter; office porter. — FI
  • garter-o garter(band); (cf. kalzo-ligilo); -izar: to g. (ulu). — EFS
  • gas-o gas; -a: gaseous, which is g.; -ala, -atra: gaseous, relating to g., gasiform ; -oza: gaseous: full of g.; -ifar: to produce, make g.; -if-erio: g. works; -brut-ilo: g. burner; -kont-ilo: gas-meter; -igar: to gasify. — DEFIRS
  • Gaskon-a Gascon; -o: a Gascon; -ia: Gascony; -ano: an inhabitant of Gascony.
  • gasometr-o gasometer, gas-holder: gas-reservoir. (cf. gas-kontilo).
  • gast-o guest; -esar: to be a g., to stay, lodge (che ulu); -igar: to receive (ulu) as a g.; to lodge (ulu); -igo: lodging, putting up (a g.); -ig-ema: hospitable; -eyo: g. place. — DER
  • gastralgi-o (med.) gastralgia: gastric neuralgia, pain in the abdomen; belly-ache. — DEF
  • gastrit-o (med.) gastritis. — DEFIS
  • gastronom-o gastronome, epicure. Def.: Homo qua havas subtila gusto e savas dicernar la qualesi di la manjaji e drinkaji. V. exp.: vid. gurmando. — DEFIRS
  • gastronomi-o gastronomy. Def.: Quaza arto di la gastronomo. — DEFIRS
  • gastropod-o (zool.) gastropod.- DEF
  • gauj-ar (tr.) to gauge, measure (the capacity of), to take the g. of. Def.: Mezurar la konteno (interna volumino) di navo, barelo. e.c. — EF
  • gav-ar (tr.) to cram, gorge (with food), (artificially) to fatten (animals). — F
  • gavot-o gavot(te): a kind of lively dance or tune (French). — DEFIRS
  • gay-a gay, lively, merry, cheerful; -eso: gaiety, merriment, hilarity, mirth, glee; -esar: to be g.; -igar: to make (ulu) merry, cheer, enliven, gladden; -ig-anta, -iva: exhilarating; (cf. joyo). Ant.: trista. — EFIS
  • gayak-o guaicum-wood, lignum-vitae; -iero: g. tree (genus: Guaiacum). — DEFIRS
  • gaz-o gauze. — DEFIRS
  • gazel-o (zool.) gazelle (genus: Gazella dorcus). — DEFIRS
  • gazolin-o gasoline, gasolene. — DEFIRS
  • gazon-o grass-sod, turf; -izar: to turf, sod; -eyo, -agro, -bedo: lawn, greensward, grass plot. — F
  • ge- denotes both sexes taken together: ge-patri, father and mother, parents; ge-siori, Mr. and Mrs., ladies and gentlemen. Note: This prefix is to be used only when it is desired to emphasize the presence of both sexes. In direct derivation (simple endings in -ar, -o, -a), substantives in general denote undetermined sex, therefore, patri translates the idea of parents, and siori that of ladies and gentlemen.
  • gebl-o gable (of a house). — DE
  • gehen-o Gehenna; (fig.) hell. — DEFIRS
  • «geisha» geisha, Japanese singing or dancing girl. — DEFIRS
  • gek-o gecko. — DEFIRS
  • gelatin-o gelatine. — DEFIRS
  • Geldri-o Geldern
  • gelt-o commission money, percentage on sales, bonus. Def.: Sumo po cento pagata a komizi, vendisti, e.c. ek lia vendi. — DF
  • gem-o gem, precious stone. — DEFIS
  • gen-o gene. — DEFIRS
  • gencian-o (bot.) gentian (genus: Gentiana). — DEFIRS
  • genealogi-o genealogy, pedigree; -isto: genealogist. — DEFIRS
  • gener-o genus; -ala: general, generic; -ale: generally, in general; -al-eso: (character) generality; -al-ajo (la): (objective) generality; -al-igar: to generalize; -al-ig-(ad)o, -uro: generaliz-ing, -ation. — DEFIS
  • generacion-o generation, people of same period. — DEFIRS
  • general-o (milit.) general. — DEFIRS
  • generalisim-o generalissimo, commander-in-chief. — DEFIS
  • generator-o (tech.) generator. — DEF
  • genetik-o genetics. — DEFIRS
  • genez-o (also Biblical) genesis; (geom.) genesis, generation; -ala: genetic. — DEFIS
  • geni-o genius, particular natural talent, uncommon intellectual power; (fig) attendant spirit; -oza: full of g.; havar -o por aferi, por muziko: to have a g. for business, for music; il havas la doto di granda -o: he has the gift (natural endowment) of great g.; la -o di la Franca esas klareso: the g. of the French language is clearness; il esas mea mala -o: he is my evil g.; la -o di Roma: the g. of Rome. — DEFIRS
  • genit-ar (tr.) to beget, breed, generate, procreate (living beings); cf. produktar (ulo); (geom.) to generate; -(ad)o: begetting, reproduction (di ulu); -ala, -anta, -iva: genital, generating, reproductive; -uro: offspring, a progeny; (of animals) a litter; -ema: prolific; V. exp.: On genitas filio; luxo produktas vicio. — DEFIRS
  • genitiv-o (gram.) genitive. — DEFIS
  • genitor-o parent. — IS
  • genom-o genome. — DEFIRS
  • genotip-o genotype. — DEFIRS
  • genr-o (gram.) gender. Def.: Gramatikala sexuo.
  • gent-o (Roman) gens. — L
  • genu-o, -ala knee; -pozar: (intr.) to kneel (down); -poz-inte: on bended knee(s); -flexar: to bend the k.; -flexo: genuflexion; -shirm-ilo: any screen for k., as knee-piece (armor), top of boot, etc. — EFI
  • geocentr-ala (astron.) geocentric. — DEF
  • geodezi-o geodesy. — DEFIRS
  • geofizik-o geophysics. — DEFIRS
  • geognozi-o geognosy. — DEFIRS
  • geograf-o geographer. — DEFIRS
  • geografi-o geography. — DEFIRS
  • geoid-o geoid. — DEFIRS
  • geolog-o geologist. — DEFIRS
  • geologi-o geology. — DEFIRS
  • geomanci-ar (intr.) to practise geomancy. — DEF
  • geometr-o geometer, geometrician. — DEFIRS
  • geometri-o geometry. — DEFIRS
  • gepard-o (zool.) cheetah (Cynailurus). — DFRS
  • gerani-o (bot.) geranium (genus: Geranium). — DEFIRS
  • gerfalk-o (orni.) gerfalcon, gyrfalcon (subgenus: Hierofalco). — DEFIS
  • German-a German; -ala: Germanic; -o: a German; -ia: Germany; -ismo, -ajo: Germanism; -igar: to Germanize; -am-ant-a, -o: Germanophile; -odi-ant-a, -o: German-hating, -hater; la -a (linguo): German language.
  • germani-o (chem.) germanium. — DEF
  • gerontologi-o gerontology. — DEFIRS
  • gerundi-o (gram.) gerund. — DEFIRS
  • ges (mus.) G flat.
  • gest-ar (intr.) to gesticulate (as in speaking); -o: gesticulation, gesture, deaf and dumb sign; -ad-ema: gesticulative; -e: by gesticulating. — DEFIRS
  • getr-o gaiter, leggings; -eti: spats; -izar: to put leggings on (su, ulu). — EF
  • *gey-a gay, homosexual. — E
  • «geyser» geyser. — DEF
  • «ghetto» ghetto. — DEF
  • gibbon gibbon, ape. — DEF
  • gibelin-a, -o (Ital., hist.) Ghibelline. — DEFIRS
  • gib-o; -ozeso rounded protuberance: bump, hump, knob, hunch, boss, gibbosity; -oza: gibbous, hunched, humpbacked: -ier(-ul, -in)o: hunch-back; -izar: to put a bump, boss on (sulu, ulo). — EFS
  • gichet-o wicket, small gatelike window in ticket-offices, etc.; also as in game or cricket. — F
  • giga- giga- (thousand million). — DEFIRS
  • gigant-a gigantic; -o, -ulo, -ino: giant. — DEFIRS
  • gild-o guild, gild. Def.: Ensemblo di samspeca mestieristi. — DEF
  • gilemot-o guillemot. — EF
  • giloch-ar (tr., arch.) to furnish or decorate with a guilloche; -uro: ornament of interlaced curved lines. — DEFR
  • gilotin-o guillotine; -ager: to g. (ulu). — DEFIRS
  • gimnastik-ar (intr.) to do gymnastics; -eyo: gymnasium. — DEFIRS
  • gimnazi-o gymnasium, classical preparatory school (esp. in Germany); (cf.kolegio; liceo). — DEFIRS
  • gimnosperm-o (bot.) gymnosperm. — DEFIS
  • gimnot-o (ich.) gymnotus, electric eel (Gymnotus electricus). — DEFIS
  • ginece-o (antig.) gynecium, women’s apartment; (bot.) gynoecium. — DEFIS
  • ginekologi-o gynaecology. — DEFIRS
  • ginest-o (bot.) broom (Genista). — DFIS
  • gipaet-o (orni.) gypaetus, lammergeier, bearded vulture (Gypaetos barbatus). — EFISL
  • gips-o gypsum, plaster-of-paris; ordinary plaster (as used for house interiors); (cf. mortero); -izar: to plaster; (cf. krepis-ar); -oza: gypseous, chalky; -o-min-eyo: plaster-mine, chalk-pit; -ajo: plaster cast (cf. stuko); -eskombri, -o-rezidui: pieces of old plaster work. — DEFIRS
  • gipur-o guipure (lace). — DEFIR
  • girland-o garland: wreath of flowers, leaves, etc. — DEFIRS
  • girometr-o gyrometer, rotary speed indicator. — DEFIRS
  • giroskop-o gyroscope. — DEFIS
  • gis (mus.) G sharp.
  • gis-ar (tr.) to cast: found molten metal; (cf. muldar); -fero: c. iron; -fera lingoto: pig-iron; -defekto: defect in casting, blow-hole. Ex.: Gisar kanono en mulduro. — DI
  • gitar-o (mus.) guitar. — DEFIRS
  • gizard-o (anat.) gizzard. Def.: Triesma stomako di l’uceli. — E
  • glac-ar (tr., tech.) to gloss, glaze (paper, leather, etc.) (cf. glezar); to calender (fabrics). — DEFR
  • glaci-o ice; (fig.) ice-cream; coldness; -ala: relating to ice, -igar: to freeze (ulo) into ice (cf. konjel-ar, frost-igar, frigor-izar); -eskar; to freeze, become ice; -armor-o: ice-box; -amaso, -peco: mass of ice, floe; -eto: icicle; -o-strado: ice-bed; -ruptado, -dis-solvado: the breaking up, the melting of ice; -ig-anta: freezing. — EFIS
  • Glacial-a (oceano) Polar Ocean.
  • glacier-o glacier: -ala: glacial: relating to g.s (cf. glaci-ala). — DEFS
  • glaciz-o (fort.) glacis. — DEFRS
  • glad-o (ich.) codfish (Gadus). — FI
  • gladiator-o gladiator. — DEFIRS
  • gladiol-o (bot. genus) gladiolus. — DEFIL
  • glan-o (bot.) acorn; (anat.) glans; -re-kolto: crop of acorns; penis-glano: extremity of penis, glans penis. — EFI
  • gland-o (anat.) gland; -eto: glandule. — DEFIS
  • glas-o a drinking glass; -edo de vino: a glass(ful) of wine; -shokar (kun ulu): to touch, or clink glasses as in drinking; (fig.) to hobnob. Def.: L’ordinara vazo, en qua on drinkas vino od aquo. — DE
  • glat-a smooth, sleek; -igar: to s.; (fig.) to iron (clothes); -ig-ilo: a smoothing instr., an iron (for ironing) (cf. repasar); Ant.: aspera. — DR
  • glaukom-o (med.) glaucoma. — DEF
  • glaukonit-o (min.) glauconite. — DEFIS
  • glav-o (also fig.) sword; -di yusteso: (fig.) the s. of justice. Def.: Espado tranchanta. — FL
  • gleb-o clod, lump of earth. — FI
  • glez-ar (tr.) to glaze, apply a vitreous coating to pottery. Def: Aplikar vitra strato sur ceramikajo. — DE
  • gliceri-o (bot.) glyceria, panicularia, manna-grass (Glyceria). — L
  • glicerin-o glycerine. — DEFIRS
  • glicin-o (bot) glycine; (chem.) glucina, oxide of glucinum. — DEFIS
  • glikokol-o (chem.) glycocoll, amidoacetic acid, glycin. — DEFIRS
  • glikos-o (chem.) glucose. — DEFIRS
  • glin-ar (tr.) to glean (ears of grain); (fig.) to gather (things thinly scattered). Ex.: Glinar la spiki pos la rekolto. Li studiabis ta epoko tante komplete, ke nun ni povas nur glinar poka fakti nova. — EF
  • glipt-ar (tr.) to carve, engrave, grave (precious stones); -arto: glyptography. Def.: Skultar medali e lapidi. — DEFIS
  • glir-o (zool.) dormouse (Myoxus glis). — FIS
  • glit-ar (intr.), -igar (tr.): to glide, slide, slip, slur (over); -eyo, -voyo: a slide; -ig-anta, -iva: slippery; -nodo: slip-knot, running knot, noose (cf. slingo); -veturo: sleigh, sledge, sled; -flugar: (aviation) to plane; -shuo: snow-shoe. Ex.: On glitas sur voyi kovrita per frosto-pluvo. Il sizis la kordo e glitis til la tero. La batelo glitas sur la kalma maro. La taso glitis de mea manuo. Glitigar sua manuo en la posho di ulu. Vua remonstri glitas de lua mento. — DEF
  • glob-o globe, orb, ball; okul- -o: eye-ball; -atra, -forma: globular. V.exp.: vid. balono. — DEFIRS
  • globul-o (anat.) globule, corpuscle (of blood). — EFIS
  • glori-o glory; -ach-oza: vainglorious; -izar: to glorify; -izar su: (per o pri ulo) to g. in anything, pride oneself upon; sen- -a: inglorious. — DEFIRS
  • glos-o (lexicol.) gloss, running commentary. — DEFIS
  • glosari-o glossary: partial dictionary explaining the harder words. — DEF
  • glot-o (anat.) glottis. — EFIRS
  • gloxini-o gloxinia. — DEFIRS
  • glu-o glue; gelatin- -o: glue made from clippings of hoofs, hides, etc.; pasto- -o: paste (made with flour and water); glu-izar: to put g. on, glue (ulo) (cf. gum-izar). — EFI
  • glugl-ar (intr.) to gurgle (cf. gorgolar, klukar). Def.: Bruiso di liquido ekiranta botelo. — DFIS
  • glum-o (bot.) glume. — EF
  • glut-ar (tr.) to swallow, gulp, gobble up (food, etc.); to quaff, swill (liquids); (fig.) to take in, to look at, with eagerness, avidity; -ajo: a draught, a gulp; -edo: mouthful, gulp; -ema: gluttonous, greedy; en-glut-ado: deglutination. Ex.: Glutar tasedo de kafeo, pinglo, ostro. (fig.) Il glutas el per la okuli. — EFIRS
  • glutamat-o glutamate. — DEFIRS
  • glute-o (of persons): buttock, breech, bottom; -ala: gluteal; -alo, -ala muskulo: gluteal muscle; -e batar (tr.) to spank, flog (on the backsides). V.exp. vid. sedo. — EL
  • gluten-o (chem.) gluten. — DEFIS
  • glutin-ar (tr., intr.) to stick, fasten or be fastened by adhesion; adhere, paste, glue, agglutinate; (cf. adherar) kun- -ar du kozi: to stick two things together; -ar papero sur maro: to paste paper on a wall; -iva, -ema: agglutinative, glutinous (cf. viskoza); -isto: paster, sizer, paper-hanger, bill-sticker. (cf. glu-izar, gum-izar).
  • gneis-o (min.) gneiss. — DEFIRS
  • gnom-o (myth.) gnome. — DEFIRS
  • gnomik-o gnome, aphorism, brief maxim; -ala: gnomical, sententious. — DEFIS
  • gnomon-o gnomon, index of a sun-dial. — DEFIRS
  • gnomonik-o gnomonics, the art of dialling. — DEFIRS
  • gnos-o (theol., philos.) gnosis. — DEFIS
  • gnostik-a, -o gnostic; -ismo: Gnosticism. — DEFIRS
  • gnu-o (zool.) gnu (Catoblepas gnu). — DEFIRS
  • gobi-o (ich.) gudgeon (Gobio). — DSL
  • goblet-o goblet, mug; -o gradizita: graduate (d) cup, flask. Def.: Glaso sen pedo, quaze cilindra, ofte ek metalo. — EFS
  • godron-o (arch. and ornamental) godroon, a kind of edge molding or fluting. — EF
  • goelet-o (nav.) schooner (two-masted). — DFIS
  • golf-o (geog.) gulf, a large bay; (game) golf; (cf. bayo). — DEFIRS
  • golp-o smut, blight (of grain) (Ustilago carbo). Def.: Fungo parazita dil frumento. — I
  • gonagr-o (med.) gonagra, gout in the knee. — DEF
  • gond-o door-, gate-, rudder-pintle; -bendo: pintle-brace, iron-work clamped on a door to sustain the pintle. V.exp.: Charniro kompozesas ek du metal peci ocilanta sur un axo komuna, e quan on skrubagas sur pordo, kesto, e.c. por apertar o klozar. Gondo esas axala fer-peco kudatra e pivotoza, sustenanta la gondobendo, sur qua rotacas la pordo, e.c. — F
  • gondol-o (boat) gondola; (of air-ship) g. car; -isto: gondolier. Def.: Vehilo suspendita ad aerostato (direktebla o ne); speco di batelo uzata en la laguni, aparte en Venezia (E. Venice). — DEFIRS
  • gonfalon-o gonfalon, medieval banner.
  • goniometri-o goniometry. — DEF
  • gonokok-o (med.) gonococcus. — DEFIRS
  • gonore-o (med.) gonorrhea. — DEFIRS
  • Gordi-ala nodo Gordian knot.
  • gorge-ar (intr.) to chirp, twitter; -etar: to cheep, peep. Def.: La specala kanto di mikra uceli. — IS
  • gorgol-ar (intr.) to gurgle, to fall with a purling, splashing noise (as noise of brooks); to rattle, rumble (of water in stomach); cf. gluglar). — DEFIRS
  • goril-o (zool.) gorilla. — DEFIRS
  • gorjeret-o (surg.) gorget, a cutting instrument used in lithotomy. — DEFIS
  • Got-a Gothic; -o: Goth; -ia: Gothland.
  • got-o (med.) gout; -oza, -ika; -oz(ul)o, -iko: gouty (person). — EFIS
  • gotik-a Gothic (architecture, etc.). — DEFIRS
  • grab-ar to engrave (lines), to etch; nigra- -uro: mezzotint; (cf. gliptar, xilografar). Def.: Trasar linei kava sur metal plako. Ex.: On grabas figuro sur plako (per linei, per aquaforto). — DEFIRS
  • grac-o (theol.) grace; per la -o di Deo: by the g. of God. — EFIRS
  • graci-o gracefullness, charm, elegance of manner or form; Gracio: one of the (three) Graces; ne- - oza: ungraceful, ungracious, awkward, ungainly, uncouth; afektacar -o: to put on airs. — DEFIRS
  • gracil-a gracile, slender and graceful, svelte, lithe. Def.: Gracioze tenua ed alta. — EFIS
  • grad-o step (of stairs); degree (as of temperature); degree (in university); grade, rank (in order of dignity); step (in progress); size (of shoes, gloves, etc.); -ego: tier, high step; -izar: to put steps into (ulo); to graduate (an instrument); (university) to confer a degree on (ulu); -iz-o, -uro: graduating, gradation, scale; -oza, -opa: gradual: proceeding by steps or degrees; -oze, -ope: gradually; -aro: degrees, steps (collect.); -iz-ita: graded, graduated; -ope: by degrees; -iz-ito: (university) graduate; universitatala grado: university degree; me obtenis mea grado ye Oxford: I graduated at Oxford. — DEFIRS
  • grafik-a graphic; -o: a graph; -arti: g. arts (as opposed to plastic arts); (N.B. ‘a g. account’ = pitoreska deskripto). — DEFIRS
  • grafit-o (min.) graphite, plumbago. — DEFIRS
  • grafologi-o graphology; -isto: handwriting expert (judge). — DEFIRS
  • grafometr-o graphometer.
  • gram-o gram(me): 15.432 grains Troy . — DEFIRS
  • gramatik-o grammar. — DEFIRS
  • gramin-o a gramineous plant; grass. — DEFIS
  • gramofon-o record-player, gramophone. — DEIRS
  • granari-o loft, attic (in country houses for grains, hay). — FIS
  • granat-o (min.) garnet; -ea: g. colored. — DEFIRS
  • grand-a a term of comparison denoting more magnitude than something else, or beyond what is usual; as great, large, big; also used fig. in the sense of the E. ‘grand’ apart from material dimensions: -a vazo, domo: a large vase, house; -a urbo: a great city; -a bruiso, forteso: a great noise, strength; -a festo: a great holiday; -a duk(ul)o: grand-duke; Alexandro la -a: Alexander the Great; -anma: magnanimous, noble-minded; -ev-eso: longevity; -eta: biggish; -ulo: a large man; a great man (in power, dignity), grandee (Spain); -e: greatly, grandly; -eso: (quality) magnitude, largeness of bulk or dimensions, bigness, bulk; (fig.) high degree, grandness; -ajo: a large object; -eso di urbo: extent of a city; greatness of a city; -eso di krimino: greatness of a crime; -ega: enormous, immense, bulky; (plu-) grand-igar: to enlarge, magnify, make big. — EFIS
  • grandioz-a grandiose, imposing. — DEFIRS
  • granit-a, -o (min.) granite. — DEFIRS
  • granivor-a, -o granivorous (animal); cf. grano-manjanta). — DEFIS
  • gran-o -eto any very small, hard mass; as, a grain of seed (cf. semino), of sand, of sugar, etc., kernel (of corn); the composite particles of any substance; rough exterior texture, as grain in leather, in metals, in wood; pellet; (bot.) granule; -ala, -atra, -o-forma: granular; -(et)igar (tr.), -(et)eskar (intr.) to granulate, to form or collect into grains or granules (N.B. not med. sense, cf. granuligar); -ifar: to produce grains; -izar: to grain (leather), put a grain on (ulo); -oza: full of grains, seedy; -iz-ita: grained; -vend-isto: seedsman, g. seller; -eyo: granary; -if-anta: g. bearing; -achi: refuse grains; kafe- -o: coffee-berry; lin- -o: linseed; -o-manj-ant-a, -o: granivorous (animal; cf. granivora). — DEFIS
  • grant-ar (tr.) to grant, allow, concede, confer (demands, favors, privileges, etc.); to award (damages); -o, -ajo: grant, concession, award. (cf. exaucar). Def.: Donar o koncesar ulo kom favoro, konseque ulo demandita o dezirata. — E
  • granul-o (med.) granule (of a granulation, as from wounds, ulcers); -aro, -igo, -esko: granulation; -ala, -oza: granular, granulated. — DEFIRS
  • grap-o cluster, bunch, a number of fruits or flowers growing along a common stalk. — FI
  • grapin-o (nav.) grapnel, grappling-iron, -hook. — EFI
  • gras-o fat, grease; -a, -oza, -atra: fat, greasy, adipose; -izar: to grease (ulo); -igar: to fatten (ulu); -makulo: grease spot. Ant.: (adj.) magra. — EFIS
  • grat-ar (tr.) to scratch (so as to allay itching); (of animals) to claw; (of noise) to scrape, grate. (cf. skrachar). — FI
  • gratifik-ar (tr.) to bestow (money) on; to tip (ulu per ulo); -uro: bounty, gratuity, tip. Def.: Donar pekuniala rekompenso exter la salario o preco debata. Ex.: La rejo gratifikas il per pensiono. Ni donis drink-moneto a la garsono kom gratifikuro. — DFIS
  • gratin-o (cook.) gratin, brown crust, burnt crumbs; -izar (tr.), -ifar (intr.): to gratinate, to cook, as with a covering of buttered crumbs, until a crust or crisp surface forms; -iz-ita: gratinated, ‘au gratin.’ — DEF
  • gratitud-ar (tr.) to be grateful, thankful to (ulu, pro, pri ulo); -o: gratitude. (cf. dankar). — EFIS
  • gratuit-a gratuitous, free, gratis (cf. senpaga); -e: gratis, for nothing. Def.: (adj.) recevata sen pago; (adv.) sen demander pago. — DEFIRS
  • gratul-ar (tr.) to congratulate, felicitate. Ex.: Gratular ulu pri lua vinko. — DEFIS
  • grav-a (phys.) heavy, ponderous; (fig.) weighty, momentous, not frivolous, grave, (cf. importanta, serioza); (mus.) low (note), deep (tone); (gram.) grave (accent); -eso: gravity; (plu-)grav-igar: to make (more) heavy, serious; -igo, -esko: aggravation; -eskar: to become weighed down, serious; min-grav-igar: to make less heavy, serious; to extenuate, mitigate. V. exp.: Grava equivalas ne-frivola; serioza equivalas ne-vivaca, ne-gaya. On parolas pri grava afero, serioza mieno. Ant.: lejera. — EFIS
  • gravel-o (med.) gravel, stone in the kidneys or bladder; -ika, -iko: (person) afflicted with g. — EF
  • gravi-o gravel, small stones or pebbles intermixed with sand; -atra: gritty. — EFR
  • gravid-a pregnant, with child; -eso: pregnancy, gestation (state); -igar: to make pregnant, get with child; -eskar: to become pregnant, conceive a child; -eso: (physiol.) conception. — IL
  • gravit-ar (intr., phys. and fig.) to gravitate, be attracted, tend to a center; la lego di -ado: the law of gravitation. — DEFIS
  • greb-o grebe. — EF
  • greft-ar (tr., hort.) to graft (plants, trees); -ajo, -uro, -o-sproso: graft, portion of a plant to be grafted on another. — EF
  • Gregori-ala Gregorian (calendar, chant, etc.).
  • Grek-a Greek, Grecian; la Greka: the Greek language; -o-Latina: Greco-Latin; -o: a Greek; -ia: Greece.
  • grel-ar (intr., impersonal) to hail; -etar: to sleet; -as: it hails; -eto: sleet; -o: hail(-storm); -uno: a hail-stone; -frapar, -agar: to devastate, ravage (ulo) by hail; stono- -o: a hail of stones; flecho- -o: a shower of arrows. — F
  • gremi-o lap (of a sitting person); (fig.) -o di l’eklezio: bosom, pale of the church; -alo: gremial, lap cloth worn by a bishop. Ex.: El tenis sua infanto sur sua gremio. — DIS
  • grenad-o (fruit) pomegranate; (milit.) (hand-) grenade; -iero: p. tree (punica granatum); -isto: a soldier who throws g.s; (fig.) grenadier: a foot soldier of a special corps. — DEFIRS
  • Grenland-o Greenland; -ano: Greenlander.
  • gres-o (min.) sandstone. — FI
  • gret-o grating, a partition of iron or wood bars; grate (of a stove), (metal or wood) railing or fence (used to partition off); -izar: to inclose or cover with railing, to rail in — EFS
  • grifon-o (myth.) griffon; griffon, a kind of European water-dog. — DEFIS
  • gril-ar (tr.) to grill, broil (ulo) on gridiron; -ilo: grill, gridiron; -ita kotleto: broiled chop. — EF
  • grili-o (ent.) cricket (genus: Gryllus). — DFIS
  • griliotalp-o mole-cricket (Gryllotalpa). — DFIS
  • grim-ar (tr., theat.) to make up (su), by painting wrinkles, etc., the appearance of an old person; to make up (ulu) as an old person. — FR
  • grimas-ar, -adar to grimace, contort the face, make a wry face. — DEFR
  • grinc-ar (intr.) to gnash, grind (per la denti); to grate (as a door, etc.). — FI
  • grind-ar (tr.) to grind, rough down as on a grindstone, or as with emery, etc.; -o-petro: whetstone; -o-petr-ego: grindstone. V. exp.: On ne nur akutigas o polisas kozi, ma on anke tornas (grindas) li per la grind opetr-(eg)o. Materii por la grindo esas karborundo*, smerilo, diamant-polvo, e.c. — E
  • grip-o (med.) grip(pe), influenza; -ika, -iko: (person) sick with g. — DEFIRS
  • griz-a gray, grey (colored); -o: gray (the color); -eso: grayness (quality); -(ul)o, griz-hara, griz-barba, griz-kapa homulo: a gray-haired man; -eskar: to become, turn g.; -atra, -esk-anta: grizzled. — EFIS
  • grog-o grog. — DEFIR
  • grond-ar (intr.) to roar, rumble (of thunder, storm, wind, waves); to growl, snarl (of animals). Def.: Audigar bruiso duranta e nelauta, quale la tondro fora, od ula animali iraceskanta. — F
  • grop-o croup, rump (of a horse and some other animals); (arch.) hip-roof; -rimeno: crupper (of harness). — DEFIRS
  • gros-a thick and long; (fig.) large, great, gross, thick, bulky; (cf. granda), -a arboro: a large tree; skribar grosa literi: to write in large, heavy letters; -a e kurta: squat, dumpy, stubby. Def.: Relatas du dimensioni, specale en korpo di qua la longeso esas granda o nedefinita. Ex.: Grosa homo, filo, kordo, kolono. V. exp.: vid. dika. Ant.: tenua. — EFIS
  • grosdekedu-o gross, 12 dozen.
  • grosier-a (of persons, acts or objects) without delicacy, coarse, rude, blunt, boorish, low; -eso: grossness: coarseness; -ajo: coarse language or word; vulgarity, rude act; -(ul)o: a rude man, a boor; -eg(ul)o: blackguard. V. exp.: To ne esas simple ne- (o des-) polita, ma ne-edukita, preske ne-civilizita. — EFIS
  • grot-o grotto. — DEFIRS
  • grotesk-a grotesque (object, antic, dance, idea, etc.). — DEFIRS
  • grozel-o a gooseberry; -iero: g. bush (Ribes grossularia). — FS
  • gru-o (orni, also astron.) crane (family: Gruidæ). — FL
  • gruch-o crutch; -iero: one who carries c.s; (fig.) a cripple; -irar: to go on c.s. — DEI
  • gruel-o grits, groats, oatmeal. — F
  • grum-o groom, a manservant, esp. one in charge of horses. — DEFR
  • grumel-o grume, a clot (in the blood, in milk, etc.); -iz-ita, -oza: clotted; -igar (tr.), -ifar (intr.): to clot; (cf. koagular). — EFIS
  • grun-ar, -achar (intr.) to grunt (as a pig); (of persons) to grumble, growl. — DEFIS
  • grup-o group (of persons or objects), clump (of trees), flock (of sheep); -igar, -e dispozar: to group; -ifar: (intr.) to group, form into g.s; -ano: member of a g. — DEFIRS
  • gruz-o (orni.) grouse, ptarmigan, white, black, red (Lagopus scoticus) — DEF
  • Gruzi-a Georgia, Gruzia.
  • guach-pikt-ado, -uro gouache-painting; a style of water-color painting. — DEFI
  • Guadelup-a Guadelupe.
  • guan-o guano. — DEFIRS
  • guard-o (milit.) guard, body of troops; -ano: soldier or member of g. — DEFIRS
  • guat-ar (tr.) to watch, be on w. for; to lie in wait for; -igar: to place (ulu) on w.; -anto, -ero, -isto: watcher, look-out-man; -o-turm-eto: w. tower. Ex.: Guatar l’enemiko, l’okaziono. La kato guatas la muso. — FI
  • Guatemal-a Guatemala.
  • Guayan-a Guiana.
  • guberni-o government (district; e.g., as in Russia); -estro: governor (of a certain district, province). — DEFIRS
  • gudr-o tar; -izar: to t.; -o-telo: tarpaulin. — F
  • guelf-a, -o (Ital. hist.) Guelph. — DEFIRS
  • guf-o eagle-owl (Strix bubo). — I
  • guid-ar (tr.) to guide, to lead, to conduct in a way; -anto, -ero, -isto: (person) guide; -ilo: (mechan.) guide; -o-flago: (milit.) guidon; -libro: g. book. V. exp.: Guidar esas esence montrar la justa voyo ad ulu, qua ne konocas ol, qua povas hezitar od erorar. Duktar e guidar esas direktar ulu od ulo akompanante lu: ex. Kapitano duktas sua kompanio, ma generalo nur direktas armeo, restante en sua quartero. On duktas o direktas navo, aer-navo, kande on esas ‘ye bordo’ (en oli); ma per Hertzala radii on povas direktar torpedo sen duktar ol. — EFIS
  • guind-o heart cherry. Def.: Frukto simila a cerizo. — FS
  • Guine-a Guinea.
  • gul-o ghoul. — DEFIS
  • gulf-o gulf. — DEFIS
  • gum-o gum, vegetable substance which exudes from certain trees; (cf. kauchuko); -oza, -atra: gummy; -izar: to smear, cover with g.; -arboro: g. tree; -rezino: g. resin; -tafto: court plaster. — DEFIRS
  • gumigut-o gamboge; -iero: g. tree (Garcinia). — DFIR
  • gumlak-o gum-lac, shellac. — DEFIRS
  • gurd-o gourd, calabash. — EF
  • gurm-o milk-scall, -crust, scabs on an infant’s head (crusta lactea). — F
  • gurmand-o gourmand, one fond of good living; -acho: glutton. Def.: Homo qua prizas la bona (bon-saporoza) dishi e manjas multo de li. V. exp.: Manj-eg-ero (gurmand-acho) esas homo qua manjas multo, sen dicerno, kun apetito brutal; gurmando preferas ne manjar kam manjar ulo qua ne plezas lu; gastronomo prizas la bona dishi, la bona vivi, e.c., tamen lu ne manjas o drinkas tro multo, lu esas nur ‘experto’ pri la tablo. — DEF
  • gurt-o broad strap, band; girth (of saddle); -izar, -ligar, -agar: (tr.) to strap, band, girth (a horse); -frapar, -flogar: to strike, flog with a strap. Def.: Bendo larja e plata (de ledro, tolo, e.c.) por ligar o kun-ligar. (To ne esas bendo, rimeno, nek zono). — DE
  • gust-ar (tr.) to taste; (cf. saporar). -ala: gustatory; -experto: expert taster (as of tea), connoisseur (of wines, etc.); bona -o: a nice t. (used also in psychological sense); -agreabla, - ecitanta: relishing, tempting, savory; mal-gusta joko: a bad joke, a vulgar joke; -ar la vino: to t. the wine, il esas autoro sen bona -o: (fig.) he is an author deficient in t.; kontentigar omna gusti: (physiol. and psychol.) to satisfy (please) all tastes. — DEFIS
  • gut-o drop (of liquid); -ifar: to drop, drip, trickle, run down; -ope: d. by d. — FS
  • gutaperk-o gutta-percha. — DEFIRS
  • gutur-o (internal) throat, gullet; (cf. fauco); -ala: relating to the gullet; gutteral; -alo: (gram.) a gutteral. Def.: L’interna kavajo supre en la kolo (ciencale: la faringo, la laringo e la supra ezofago): ex. on parolas pri soni guturala (ciencale, li esas velala od uvulala) — EFIS
  • guvern-ar (tr. general sense) to rule with authority, to have physical power over, to direct: -ar navo: to steer a ship; to rule over a ship; -ilo: (tech.) governor; a rudder, helm; -ar aferi: to manage a business; -ar sua pasioni: to control one’s passions; ca muliero -as sua spozo: this woman rules her husband; -ar infanti: to manage children; la rejo di Anglia regnas ma ne -as; la parlamento -as: the king of England reigns but does not govern; the parliament governs; la verbo aktiva -as l’akuzativo; the active verb governs the accusative; la navo guvern-esas bone: the ship answers her helm; -ala sistemo: governmental system; la -isto di provinco, di banko: the governor of a province, of a bank; -anto, -isto di navo: helmsman of a ship; -ant-ino, -ist-ino di puero: governess of a child; la guvern-ado
  • guyav-o (bot.) guava (fruit); -iero: g. tree (Psidium Guayaba). — DEFS


H

  • ha! (interj.) ha! ah!
  • habil-a (physical, intellectual) able, clever, skillful, adroit, dextrous, handy; -a horlog-if-isto: a clever clock-maker; il esas -a en sua arto: he is clever in his art; -a fripono: a sharp rogue. V. exp.: On povas divenar « habila » ne nur per studiado ma per aktual experienco; on povas divenar kapabla per lernado sen praktike aplikar sua savado. Ant.: ne-habila, ne-apta. — DEFIS
  • habilit-ar (tr.; esp. juris.) to habilitate, to qualify, to render competent, to enable. Ex.: Habilitar minor(ul)o kontraktar. Habilitar su por ula ofico. La habiliteso heredar cesas en fora gradi di parenteso. — DEFIS
  • habit-ar (tr., intr.) to inhabit, to live (in) (permanently); (cf. rezidar); -(ad)o: habitation, residing; -eyo: (place) habitation, abode, dwelling-place; (zool.) haunt, habitat; -anto, -ero: inhabitant, denizen; -ebla: (in)habitable. V. exp.: Habitar esas rezidar permanante en propra o fixa domo; lojar esas rezidar tempe (kurte) che altra persono od en gasteyo. La soldati lojas che la habitanti dil urbo. On habitas urbo, lando, dum ke on lojas en hotelo, che amiko, parento, en apartamento, en chambro, e.c. — EFIS
  • habitakl-o (nav.) binnacle, compass-box. — F
  • hach-ar (tr.) to hatch, shade by lines cut or drawn; to hash, to mince, cut into very small parts; -ajo, -ita karno: mince-meat; -uro: hatching; -ilo: (cook.) chopping-knife. Def.: Pece-tigar (karno, e.c.). Ex.: On hachas karno per multa densa tranchuri preske paralela; simile on hachas desegno per multa linei preske paralela. — EF
  • hagiograf-o hagiographer. — DEFIS
  • hagiografi-o hagiography. — DEFIS
  • Haiti Hayti.
  • hak-ar (tr.) to chop, (rough) hew, cut up (with an axe or large cutting instrument), (cf. hachar); -achar: to hack; -(ad)o, -uro: chopping,hewing; a chop, cut; -isto: chopper, hewer; -ilo: a chopping instr. (as an axe); -il-eto: a small cutting instr.; hatchet; -ilo-stroko stroke of an axe; -il-uyo: axe-holder, -case; -o-kultelo: cleaver, chopping-knife. — DEFIS
  • hal-o a large room of considerable size; (merkato-) market, public place, ordinarily covered, where marketing is carried on; -vend-isto: market-, stall-keeper; -o-taxo: market-dues; linguo di la -i: (fig.) Billingsgate (language). — DEFS
  • halbard-o halbard. — DEFIRS
  • halofit-o (bot.) halophyte. — DE
  • halogen-o (chem.) halogen. — DEF
  • halon-o halo, nimbus (as around moon, head, etc.).
  • halt-ar (intr.) to (make a) halt, stop; -igar: to cause (ulu) to halt; to stop (ulo); -ig-ilo: a stopping instr., a catch; -ez: (command) halt! stop there! that will do! — DEFI
  • halter-o dumb-bell; -agar, exercar su per -i: to do d. b. exercises. — FIS
  • halucin-ar (intr.) to have hallucinations, to delude (su); -igar: to cause h.s in (ulu); to affect with visions or imaginary perceptions. — DEFIRS
  • halux-o hallux, great toe of foot.
  • hamadriad-o (myth.) hamadryad, woodnymph.
  • hamak-o hammock. — EFRS
  • hamamel-o witch hazel. — FIRS
  • hamstr-o (zool.) hamster (Cricetus). — DEFRS
  • han-o a fowl, hen or cock; (fusil-) cock (of a gun or pistol); -ulo: cock, rooster (cf. pultro); -ino: hen; -yuno: pullet; -yun-eto: chicken; -ulo-kres-to: comb of a cock. — DE
  • hanch-o hip (of persons), haunch, hind-quarter (of animals); -o-flexar: to bend at the hips. — DEFIS
  • handikap-ar (tr., in sports and fig.) to handicap. — DEFIRS
  • hangar-o shed (esp. for vehicles), outhouse; (aviation) hangar. Def.: Tekto pozita sur fosti o pilastri. — DEF
  • hano-lakt-o mulled-egg, egg-flip. Def.: Drinkajo ek vitelo quirlita en varma aquo sukrizita.
  • hans-o Hanse-town; -ala: Hanseatic. — DEFIRS
  • har-o a hair (of a person’s head; cf. pilo); -aro: hair (collect.); -oza: hairy; -treso: hair-plait, pigtail, queue; -o-pelo: scalp; -ar-acho: mop, shock of hair; -dik-eso: a hair’s breadth; long-hara; long haired. — DE
  • hard-a (also fig.) hard, tough, indurate; -igar: to harden (ulu, ulo); to temper (iron, etc.); (fig.) to indurate, toughen, inure; -ig-uro: temper (of metals); -eso: hardness. Ex.: Fero esas metalo tre harda. Ovo harde koquita. Lito harda. Hardigar sua korpo. Havar harda kordio (fig.). Kavalo kun harda boko. Ant.: mola. — DE
  • harem-o harem; -an-ino: woman of h. — DEFIRS
  • haring-o (ich.) herring; -o fum-izita: smoked h.; -o-bando: shoal of h. — DEFIS
  • harmoni-ar (intr., lit. and fig.) to be in harmony (kun); -igar: to harmonize (ulo); -ala, -alo: harmonic (sound). — DEFRS
  • harmonik-a (math.) harmonic(al) (proportion, division).
  • harmonik-o (mus. instr.) harmonica. — DEFIRS
  • harmonium-o (mus. instr.) harmonium. — DEFIRS
  • harnes-o harness (as of a horse); -izar: to harness; -aro: (horse-) trappings, sen- -igar: to unharness. — DEFS
  • harp-o (mus. instr.) harp. — DEFIRS
  • harpi-o (myth.) harpy. — DEFIRS
  • harpun-o harpoon; -agar: (tr.) to. h. — DEFRS
  • hashish-o hashish. — DEFIRS
  • hast-ar (intr.) to hasten, make haste; -igar: to hurry (ulu, ulo, su); to press, push forward expedite; (cf. acelerar, plu-rapid-igar, avancar); -oz-ege: precipitously. Ex.: hastigar la pazo, la progreso di ulo. Il departis hastoze. Il ekiris, ma sen hasto. — DEF
  • hau-o (agri.) hoe; -agar: (tr.) to h.; -eto, plata -o: mattock. Def.: Instrumento fera kun ligna mancho, por exkavar la tero; la fera parto esas larja, plata e tranchanta, kun aristo en plano perpendikla a la mancho. — DEF
  • haul-ar (tr., nav.) to haul, heave in (cf. tirar); to tow; -voyo: tow-path; -ar la kanoto ye bordo: haul the boat on board; -ar sur kord(eg)o: to haul, pull upon a rope; -ar navo: to tow a ship; -ar kord(eg)o ad su, ad ulu: to haul in a rope. — DEFIS
  • hav-ar (tr.) to have (ulo: money, occasion, motive, time, etc.; N.B. not to be used as verbal auxiliary); -aj-o, -i: property, possessions, what one is worth. — DEFIS
  • Havayi Hawaii.
  • hazard-o (hap-)hazard, luck, chance, something uncertain and unplanned; -e: by chance, casually, accidentally, perchance; -ala: accidental, fortuitous; -o-ludo: game of chance; -e trovar: to find or meet unexpectedly; ye la -o di la menuo: pot-luck; ne fidez a -o: do not trust to chance; se vu -e trovos il bon-humora: if perchance you find him in good humour. — DEFRS
  • he! (interj.) hey! eh!
  • Hebre-a (linguo): the Hebrew (language); -a, -ala: Hebrew, Hebraic; -ismo, -ajo: Hebraism; -isto: Hebraist; (cf. Izrael-ido, Judo).
  • Hebrid-i Hebrides.
  • heder-o (bot.) ivy (Hedera). — ISL
  • hederace-o (bot.) ground-ivy (Glechoma hederacea). — L
  • hef-o yeast, leaven. — D
  • heg-o hedge, hedgerow. Def.: Barilo o klozilo (cirkum agro) formacita ek arbusti. — DEF
  • hegemoni-o hegemony. Def.: Speco di dominaco o prepondero di un naciono inter altri (historial e politikal termino). — DEFIRS
  • heg-roz-o (bot.) dog-rose (Rosa canina); -iero: sweet-brier, eglantine.
  • «heiler» (pl. -i): heller, Austrian coin; 0.2 cent.
  • hejir-o hegira (Mohammedan). — DEFIRS
  • hekatomb-o (lit. and fig.) hecatomb. — DEFIRS
  • hektar-o hectare, 2.47 acres. — DEFIRS
  • hektik-a (med.) hectic. — DEFIS
  • hektograf-ar (tr.) to hectograph, to mimeograph. — DEF
  • hektogram-o hectogram: 3.527 oz., avdp. — DEFIRS
  • hektolitr-o hectoliter: 22.01 imperial galls; 26.417 U.S. galls. — DEFIRS
  • hektometr-o hectometer: about 328 ft. — DEFIRS
  • hel-a light (in colour). — D
  • helebor-o (bot.) hellebore (genus: Helleborus); -o verda, fetida, nigra: green, stinking, black (species of) h. — EFISL
  • Helen-a, -ala Hellenic; -ismo, -ajo: Hellenism; -isto: Hellenist.
  • heli-o (chem.) helium. — DEFIRS
  • heliant-o (bot.) helianthus, sun-flower (genus: Helianthus). — EFIS
  • helic-o (arch., geom.) helix; (of a ship) propeller; (bot.) tendril; -o-navo: screw-ship; -atra: helicoid, winding, spiral; (cf. helicoida); -o-resorto: spiral spring, coiled spring. — EFIS
  • helicoid-a helicoid, spiral (cf. helic-atra).
  • helik-o snail (family: Helicidæ). — L
  • helikopter-o (aeron.) helicopter. — EFIRS
  • heliocentr-ala heliocentric. — DEF
  • heliograb-ar (tr., photo, engr.) to make heliogravures. — EFIS
  • heliometr-o (astr. instr.) heliometer. — DEFIRS
  • helioskop-o (astr. instr.) helioscope. — DEFIRS
  • heliostat-o heliostat. — DEFIRS
  • heliotrop-o (bot.) heliotrope (genus: Heliotropium). — DEFIRS
  • helix-o (anat.) helix. — EFIS
  • helm-o (ancient) helmet. Def.: Specala formo di kasko (mezevala e blazonala). — DEFIS
  • helmint-o helminth. — DEFIRS
  • helmintologi-o helminthology. — DEFIRS
  • help-ar (tr.) to help, aid, assist (ulu, pri, por, ulo); -o: help, assistance (cf. sokursar); -anto, -ero, -isto: assistant, helper; (in composition) assistant-, under-; (on ships) mate; aide; -o-kirurgi-isto: assistant surgeon; -ilo, -ivo: (instrument, object which aids) aid, help, relief, assistance, auxiliary; -o-verbo: auxiliary verb; -ar ulu levar su (stac-eskar): to help someone to lift himself (to rise); kun la -o di Deo: with the help of God. — DE
  • Helvet-a Helvetian; -o: a Helvetian; -ia: Helvetia.
  • hem-o home; esar -e: to be at home; -o-dei: lares, home-gods; -rest-ema persono: domesticated, home-loving person; -facita, -bakita: home-made, -baked. V. exp.: La hemo povas esar ne kompleta domo, ma apartamento mikra e mem nur un chambro; lo esencala esas, ke on sentas ke ol esas personala «eseyo» (rezideyo), tote diferanta de chambri di hotelo o di lojeyo. — DEF
  • hematit-o (min.) hematite, bloodstone. — DEFIRS
  • hematologi-o haematology. — DEFIRS
  • hemerokal-o (bot.) day-lily (genus: Hemerocallis). — EFIS
  • hemiop-a (med.) hemianoptic; -eso: hemianopsia, hemiopsy. — EF
  • hemiplegi-o (med.) hemiplegia. — DEF
  • hemipter-o (ent.) hemipter. — DEFIS
  • hemistik-o (verse) hemistich. — DEFIS
  • hemofili-o haemophilia. — EFIRS
  • hemoglobin-o hemglobin, haemoglobin. — DEF
  • hemoptizi-o (med.) haemoptysis, blood expectoration. — DEF
  • hemoragi-o (med.) hemorrhage. — DEF
  • hemoroid-o, -i (med.) hemorrhoid(s), pile(s). — DEFIRS
  • hepat-o (anat.) liver; -ala: hepatic; pasteto de grasa -i: pate de foie gras, potted goose livers. — DEFIS
  • hepatik-o (bot.) liverleaf, hepatica (Hepatica). — EFIS
  • hepatit-o (med.) hepatitis, inflammation of the liver; (min.) hepatite, liver stone. — DEF
  • heptaedr-o (geom.) heptahedron. — DEF
  • heptagon-o (geom.) heptagon. — DEF
  • herald-o herald. — DEFIRS
  • herb-o herb, a plant which does not have a woody stem (cf. herboro); -aji: herbage; (fig.) grass (cf. gazono); -ala, -atra, -oza: herbaceous, herby, grassy; herbo-stip-eto: a blade of grass; mala -o: weed. — EFIS
  • herbari-o herbarium, classified collection of dried plants. — DEFIRS
  • herbivor-a, -o herbivorous (animal). Def.: Herbo-manj-anta, -anto. — DEFIS
  • herbor-o (medicinal) herb; -isto: herbalist. Def.: Medicinala planto sikigita o preparita (en la formo en qua ol vendesas da herboristo). — DEFIS
  • herd-o hearth, fireplace, hearthstone; floor or bottom of an oven. — DE
  • hered-ar (tr.) to inherit, be the heir to (ulo, de ulu); -o: (act) inheriting; -ajo: heritage (estate), inheritance, heirloom, legacy; -anto, -into: inheritor; heir; -ala, -ita: hereditary; sen- -ant-eso: escheat (cf. re-version-ar). Ex.: Heredar havajo de gepatri; Lua sola heredajo esis nobla nomo. — EFIS
  • herezi-o heresy; -ano: heretic; -ala, -ana: heretical. — DEFIRS
  • heris-ar (tr.) to bristle (up) (of hair, feathers, etc.); -o: bristling; (med.) horripilation; -ita: bristled, bristly; (fig.) hirsute, prickly; -igar la hari: to make one’s hair stand on end. — FS
  • herison-o (zool.) hedgehog (genus: Erinaceus). — FS
  • Herkul-o (pr. and fig.) Hercules; -ala, -atra: Herculean. — DEFIRS
  • hermafrodit-a, -o hermaphrodite. — DEFIRS
  • hermetik-a hermetic(al). — DEFIRS
  • herni-o (surg.) hernia. — DEFIS
  • hero-o hero; -ajo: act of heroism; -komika: mock-heroic. — DEFIRS
  • heron-o (orni.) heron (Ardea). — DEFI
  • heron-fonten-o Hero’s fountain.
  • herpet-o (med.) herpes, tetter, shingles. — DEFIS
  • hers-o (agri.) harrow; (fort.) portcullis (set with spikes); -agar: (tr.) to h. — F
  • Herzegovin-a Herzegovina.
  • Hesi-a Hesse; -ano: Hessian.
  • heterodox-a heterodox. Ant.: ortodoxa. — DEF
  • heterogen-a heterogeneous. — DEFIRS
  • heterosexual-a heterosexual.
  • hexaedr-o (geom.) hexahedron. — DEF
  • hexagon-o (geom.) hexagon. — DEF
  • hexagram-o (geom.) hexagram. — DEFIS
  • hexametr-o (verse) hexameter. — DEFIRS
  • hezit-ar (intr.) to hesitate, falter, be doubtful; -igar: to cause (ulu) to h.; -anta, -ema: hesitant, irresolute, faltering. Ex.: Il hezitas inter deziro e shamo. Hezitar avan danjero. Karaktero hezitema. Hezitanta voco, respondo. — DEFI
  • hiacint-o (bot., min.) hyacinth. — DEFIRS
  • hiat-o (gram. and fig.) hiatus. — DEFIRS
  • hibisk-o hibiscus. — DEFIRS
  • hibrid-a, -o hybrid, mongrel (cf. mestica, mulata); -ifar: to produce h. offspring; -igo: hybridization. Def.: Animali e planti qui venas de mixo di du speci. Ex.: Mulo esas hibrido de kavalino ed asnulo. — DEFIRS
  • hid-o (chem. nomenclature) hydrogen (cf. hidrogeno); -o-peroxo: hydrogendioxide, peroxide.
  • «hidalgo» hidalgo: Spanish nobleman of lower class. — DEFIRS
  • hidr-o (myth., astron.) Hydra; (zool.) hydrophis, a genus of fresh water polyps. — DEFIRS
  • hidrat-o (chem.) hydrate. — DEFIS
  • hidraulik-o hydraulics. — DEFIRS
  • hidrid-o hydride. — DER
  • hidrocefal-eso (med.) hydrocephalus, water on the brain; -o: (person) afflicted with h. — DEF
  • hidrodinamik-o hydrodynamics. — DEFIRS
  • hidrofobi-o (med.) hydrophobia. — DEFIRS
  • hidrogen-o (chem., common term) hydrogen (cf. hido). — DEFIRS
  • hidrograf-o hydrographer. — DEFIS
  • hidrografi-o hydrography. — DEFIS
  • hidroliz-o (chem.) hydrolysis. — DEFIS
  • hidrologi-o hydrology. — DEFIS
  • hidromanci-o hydromancy. — DEFIS
  • hidromekanik-o hydromechanics. — DEFIS
  • hidrometr-o hydrometer. — DEFIRS
  • hidrometri-o hydrometry. — DEFIRS
  • hidropati-o hydropathy. — DEFIRS
  • hidroponik-o hydroponics. — DEFIRS
  • hidrops-o (med.) dropsy; -ika, -iko: dropsical (person). — DEFIS
  • hidroquinon-o (chem.) hydroquinone. — DEFIS
  • hidroskop-o bletonist, finder of springs. — DFIRS
  • hidroskopi-o bletonism, art of finding under-water sources. — DFIRS
  • hidrostatik-o hydrostatics. — DEFIRS
  • hidroterapi-o hydrotherapeutics. — DEFIRS
  • hidroxid-o hydroxide. — DEFIRS
  • hien-o (zool.) hyena; -o stri-oza: striped h. (Hyaena striata). — DEFIRS
  • hier-e (adv.) yesterday; -a: of y.; -e matine: yesterday (in the) morning; la -a dio: yesterday; pre-hiere: (on the) day before yesterday; sep dii pos hiere: in a week. — FIS
  • hierarki-o hierarchy. — DEFIRS
  • hieratik-a hieratic (writing, etc.). — DEFIRS
  • hieroglif-o hieroglyph. — DEFIRS
  • «high life» high life, life among the aristocracy or the rich.
  • higien-o hygiene. V. exp.: vid. salubra. — DEFIRS
  • higrometr-o hygrometer. — DEFIRS
  • higrometri-o hygrometry. — DEFIRS
  • higroskop-o hygroscope. — DEF
  • hik-e here, in this place; -a, -ala: here, this; -e ube: here where; ad exter hike! out of here! away with you! for hike: far distant from here; tra hike: through here, this way; venez adhike: come here, hither; til hike: (un)to here; hike apude: near here; hike interne: here within. — L
  • hikori-o hickory (tree). — DEFIRS
  • hil-o (bot.) hilum, hile. — EFIS
  • hilot-o (Spartan) helot. — DEFIRS
  • Himalay-a Himalaya(s). — DEFIRS
  • himen-o (anat., bot.) hymen. — DEFIS
  • himene-o hymeneal, a marriage song. — DEFIRS
  • himenopter-a, -o (entom.) hymenopter(al). — DEFIRS
  • himn-o hymn; -aro, -o-libro: hymnal, h. book. — DEFIRS
  • Hindu-o Hindu.
  • hioid-o (anat.) hyoid (bone). — EFIS
  • hip-ar (intr.) to have the hiccoughs, to hiccup. — S
  • hipalag-o (gram., rhet.) hypallage. — DEFIS
  • hiper- hyper-. Def.: Prefixo qua signifikas “super, trans, ecese”. — E
  • hiperbat-o (gram.) hyperbaton. Def.: Figuro di retoriko konsistanta en renverso di l’ordino dil vorti. — DEFIS
  • hiperbol-o (rhet.) hyperbole; (math.) hyperbola. — DEFIRS
  • hiperboloid-o (geom.) hyperboloid. — DEFIRS
  • hiperbore-o a Hyperborean. — DEF
  • hipermetrop-a hypermetropic; far sighted; -eso: hypermetropia. — DEFS
  • hipertrofi-ar (tr.) to cause hypertrophy to; to develop to an unusual or abnormal degree; -o, -eso: hypertrophy. Ant.: atrofiar. — DEFIES
  • hipnot-ar (intr.) to be in a hypnotic state; -o: (state) hypnosis; -igar: to hypnotize (ulu); -igo: hypnotization; -ismo: hypnotism (doctrine); -ig-ato: person hypnotized. — DEFIRS
  • hipocikloid-o (geom.) hypocycloid. — DEFIRS
  • hipodrom-o hippodrome. — DEFIRS
  • hipofiz-o (anat.) hypophysis, pituitary gland. — DEFIRS
  • hipogastr-o (anat.) hypogastrium. — DEFIS
  • hipoge-o (anc. arch.) hypogeum. — DEFI
  • hipoglicemi-o hypoglycaemia. — DEFIRS
  • hipogrif-o (myth.) hippogriff, winged horse. — DEFIRS
  • hipokamp-o (ich. genus) hippocampus. — EFIS
  • hipokondr-o (anat.) hypochondrium. — DEFIRS
  • hipokondri-o (med.) hypochondria; -ika,-iko: hypochondriac. — DEFIRS
  • hipokrit-a hypocritical; -(ul)o: hypocrite, dissembler; -eso: hypocrisy; -ajo: act of h., imposture; -esar: to be a h.; -agar: to act the h.; (dolce) to wheedle. — DEFIRS
  • hipopotam-o (zool.) hippopotamus. — DEFIRS
  • hipostaz-o (theol.) hypostasis. — DEFIR
  • hipotek-o mortgage, hypothec; -izar: to m. (ulo), to hypothecate. — DEFIRS
  • hipotenuz-o (geom.) hypotenuse. — DEFIRS
  • hipotez-o hypothesis. — DEFIRS
  • hipsometr-o hypsometer. — DEFIS
  • hipsometri-o hypsometry, measurement of heights. — DEFIS
  • hirund-o (orni.) swallow (family: Hirundinidæ); -o-kaud-atra: swallow-tailed; (carp.) dove-tailed. — FISL
  • his-ar (tr., nav.) to hoist, raise, haul up (sails), to run up (a signal, a flag); -ar su: (fig.) to raise oneself, hoist oneself, get up. — DEFIS
  • hiskiam-o (bot.) henbane (genus: Hyoscyamus). — FI
  • hisop-o (bot.) hyssop. — DEFIRS
  • Hispan-a Spanish; -ala: Hispanic; -o: Spaniard; -ia: Spain
  • histamin-o histamine. — DEFIRS
  • histeri-o (med.) hysteria, hysterics; -ika, -iko: hysteric (person). — DEFIRS
  • histerotomi-o (surg.) dissection of the womb; Caesarian operation. — DEF
  • histologi-o histology. — DEFIRS
  • histori-o history; -isto, -ero: historian; pre- -ala: immemorial. — EFIRS
  • historiograf-o historiographer: official historian of a prince or state. — DEFIRS
  • histrion-o (antiq.) histrion, stage player. — DEFIS
  • hivern-ar (intr. of animals and persons) to hibernate, to winter (cf. estivar); (milit.) to go into winter quarters. — EFIS
  • ho! Oh! ho! (denoting pain, sorrow, regret); ho there! holla! (nav.) ahoy; ho! ho! heyday! dear me! bless my soul! ho la rejino desfortunoza! oh, unfortunate queen!
  • hobi-o hobby. Def.: Temo od okupajo preferata qua ne esas la profesiono o laboro precipua. — E
  • hoboy-o (mus., instr.) hautboy, oboe. — DEFIRS
  • hodi-e today. Def.: Ca-die. — DIS
  • hodometr-o (vehicle) hodometer, speedometer; (for persons) pedometer; (pazo-kont-ilo). Def.: Instrumento por mezurar la disti paririta da (1) rotvehilo, (2) marchanto. — DEFIS
  • hok-o hook; -oza, -atra: curved, crooked, hooked, bent; porto-hoko: porter’s h., cargo-handler’s h.; labio-barbo hok-oza: curling mustache; -e fors-ar: (tr.) to pick (a lock). — DE
  • hok-oid-o (anat.) unciform (bone).
  • hola holla! hallo!
  • Holand-o Holland; -ano: Dutchman.
  • hold-o (nav.) hold (of a ship). — E
  • holmi-o holmium. — DEFIRS
  • holograf-a holographic: -a testamento: will written in testators own hand. — DEFIS
  • holografi-o holography. — DEFIRS
  • holokaust-o (also fig.) holocaust, burnt offering. Def.: Sakrifiko en qua la viktimo esis tote kombustata. — EFIS
  • holoturi-o (zool.) holothurian: a kind of water polyp (genus: Holothuria), trepang, beche de mer. — DEFIRS
  • hom-o (species, inclusive of both sexes) man, a human being, person; -i: people, men and women; -aro: mankind, humanity (collect.); -ulo: a male (cf. viro, maskulo); -ino: woman (cf. muliero); -a, -ala: human; -eso: humanity, quality or condition of being human (cf. human-eso); -ale: humanly (possible, etc.); -igar: to humanize, to make human; -ach-ulo: a sorry fellow, wretch, a nobody; hom-ocid-ar: to murder; hom-in-odi-anto: misogynist. — EFIS
  • homaj-ar (tr.) to do (or pay, render) homage to (a prince, a sovereign); (fig.) to pay one’s respects to (ulu); homajar la vertuo: to pay h. to virtue; facar homajo a la mortinti: to render honor to the dead. — EFI
  • homard-o lobster (genus: Homarus). — DFL
  • homeopati-o homeopathy; -isto: homeopathist. — DEFIRS
  • homeosexual-a (med.) homosexual. — DEF
  • Homer-ala, -atra (rido, e.c.): Homeric.
  • homili-o homily, sermon (cf. prediko). — DEFIS
  • homofon-o homophone. — DEFIRS
  • homogen-a homogeneous; -eso: homogeneity. — DEFIRS
  • homolog-a (geom., biol., chem.) homologous. — DEFIRS
  • homonim-a homonymous. — DEFIRS
  • Honduras Honduras.
  • honest-a honest, fair and straightforward in conduct, thought, etc., free from deceit or fraud, upright, worthy; -eso: honesty, probity, integrity, uprightness. — EFIS
  • honor-o honor; -ala: honorary (guard, etc.); -inda: worthy of h.; -oza: honorable, full of h.; -iz-anta, -iva: honorary, honorific; -izar: to h., pay h. to (ulu, per ulo); -izar su: to do oneself the h., esteem it an h., take pride in; honor-promiso, -parolo, -juro: word of h.; (milit.) parole; -legiono: Legion of Honor; -kazo, -skrupulo: a point of honor; -afero: an affair of h.; -menciono: honorable mention; -um-ala: honorary: intended merely to confer h.; possessing a title or place without performing the duties of the position; as honor-um-ala profesoro: honorary (titular) professor; sen-honor-igar: to dishonor, deprive of h. — EFIS
  • honorari-o honorarium, fee, emolument. Def.: Salario di la «liberal arti» (advokato, medicinisto, e.c.). — DEFIRS
  • hop! hop! jump! go!
  • hoplit-o (antiq.) hoplite. — DEFIRS
  • hor-o hour, the twenty-fourth part of a day; (cf. kloko); -ala: horal; -ope: hourly, by the h.; -quar-imo: a quarter of an h. — EFIS
  • hord-o horde, a nomadic group; (fig.) crowd, band, pack. — DEFIRS
  • horde-o (bot.) barley (Hordeum); -grano: a grain of b.; (fig., med.) stye; -sukro: b. sugar. — L
  • Hori (Gr. rel.) Horæ, the three goddesses of the seasons.
  • horizont-o (also fig.) horizon; -ala: horizontal; -alo: (geom.) horizontal line. — DEFIRS
  • horloj-o clock, time-piece; -ala: horologic; -eto, posh-horlojo: a watch; (ri-) tensar -o: to wind the c.; kontre-horloje: backwards (on a dial); against the clock. — EFIS
  • hornblend-o (min.) hornblende, amphibole. — DEF
  • hornis-o (ent.) hornet (Vespa crabro). — DE
  • horor-ar (intr.) to feel dread mixed with detestation, to abhor, detest, loath, dread, have a horror of (pri, pro, ulu, ulo); -igar: to horrify, cause aversion to; -inda: horrible, horrid. V. exp.: vid. pavorar. — EFIS
  • horoskop-o horoscope; facar la -o: to cast a person’s nativity. — DEFIRS
  • hortensi-o (bot.) hydrangea (Hydrangea Hortensia). — DFIRS
  • hospic-o asylum, convalescent hospital, refuge (for the infirm, poor, aged, etc.); (as in the Alps) hospice, inn for travelers (kept by religious order). V. exp.: En hospitalo on kuracas maladi; en hospico on mantenas (longe, o mem por lia restanta vivo) oldi, infirmi, infanti, e.c. Malado konvalecanta povas ekirar hospitalo por enirar hospico. — DEFIS
  • hospital-o hospital (cf. ambulanco). V. exp. vid. hospico. — DEFIRS
  • host-o host, one who receives or entertains a guest. — EFIRS
  • hosti-o (C. rel.) host, consecrated wafer.
  • hotel-o hotel (cf. albergo); -mastro: hotel-manager, -owner. — DEFR
  • «hozana» hosanna.
  • hu-o (orni.) owl, particularly the white owl (Athene noctua); -eto: owlet; tawny owl, brown owl (Syrnium aluco, Strix aluco); -o nivea: snowy owl (Nyctea nivea); paser-huo: little owl (Glaucidium passerinum); sparvier-huo: hawk owl (Surnia ulula). — F
  • huf-o hoof; -forj-isto: farrier; -oza, -ozo: hoofed, ungulate. — DE
  • hugenot-o Huguenot. — DEFIRS
  • hum! hem! hum!
  • human-a humane, kind, compassionate, merciful; -(ul)-o: a h. person, humanitarian; -eso: humaneness, humanity; -isto: humanist, a student of the humanities; -ala, -ema: humanitarian; -ismo: humanism; -e: humanely; -igar: to humanize, render humane (cf. hom-igar). — DEFIRS
  • humer-o (anat.) humerus. — EFIS
  • humid-a humid, wet, damp, moist; -eso: (condition) humidity; -ajo: (object) the damp; -igar: to damp, moisten, wet. — EFIS
  • humil-a humble, meek, lowly; -igar: to humble, humiliate, cast down. Def.: Qua basigas su vole, qua subordinas o submisas su (etikal senco). Per extenso, on darfas parolar pri gesti, paroli, agi, e social situeso humila, humil-iganta. V. exp. vid. diskreta. Ant.: superba. — EFIS
  • humor-o (bona, mala) humor, temper, mood, disposition; (old physiol.) one of the four bodily fluids determining the temperament; nekonkordo di humori: incompatibility of temper(s); havar dolca -o: to have a sweet temper; esar en -o laborar: to be in a working h. V. Exp.: Humoro signifikas propre e primitive la liquidi di l’organismo, qui pleis tanta rolo en l’antiqua medicino; konseque e metafore la (bona o mala) mentala stando o tendenco (instantala, per qua ol distingesas de karaktero). Humuro esas speco di esprito, di ironio, qua expresas su en konversado ed en la rakonti. — EFIRS
  • humur-o humor, humour, jocose imagination (less intellectual and more sympathetic than wit). V. Exp. vid. humoro. — DEFIRS
  • humus-o humus, vegetable mould. — DEFIS
  • hund-o, -ulo, -ino dog; -ala: canine; -yun-aro: litter of pups; parturar hund-yuni: to whelp, to pup. — DE
  • hundo-herb-o dog-grass, couch-grass (Triticum repens).
  • Hungari-a Hungary; -ano: Hungarian.
  • hungr-ar, -eskar (intr.) to be hungry (cf. apetitar); (fig.) to be eager, greedy; -oza: hungry; -eg-oza: famished; -igar: to make hungry, cause hunger; -eg-igar: to starve (ulu); -anta la glorio: greedy or eager of glory. — DEFI
  • hura! hurrah! hurray! hura-o: a hurrah, huzza. — DEFIRS
  • hurd-o hurdle, a movable frame, as of wattled twigs, for folding sheep, gates, etc.; hurdle, an artificial barrier to be leaped. — DE
  • husar-o (milit.) hussar. — DEFIS


I

  • -i- denotes the domain, province, country dependent upon the authority of a person: duk-io, a duchy; episkop-io, diocese; parok-io, parish. Note: With the suffix -ey-, instead of -i-, the above words would refer to residences, palaces, castles: duk-eyo, a ducal palace; episkop-eyo, residence of a bishop.
  • iamb-o iambic, iambus. — DEFIRS
  • ibe (adv.) there; ad-ibe: (with motion) thence; tra ibe: through there, that way; hike ed ibe: here and there; ibe fore: there at a distance; ibe infre: down there. Ex.: Ibe esas ube me lojas. Haltez ibe. — L
  • Iberi-a Iberia. — DEFIRS
  • ibis-o (orni.) ibis (subfamily: Ibidinæ). — DEFIRS
  • (i)c-a (demonstrative adjective-pronoun; pl. ici) this, these; -o: this (thing, fact). (Note: There is no form icu.) ca-die: today; ca-hore: at this hour; ca-maniere: in this manner; ca-matine: this morning; ca-monate: (during, in this month); ca-nokte: tonight; ca-tempe: at this time; ca-yare: in this year. Note: ‘This’ in Ido is often translated by (i)ta, but when it is necessary to point out a near object or emphasize a particular object ica is used: Kad vu preferas ica od ita kavalo? When ica comes after two nouns, it refers to the latter, ita to the first. When necessary or desirable to indicate the gender of the object referred to, ica is preceded by the proper personal pronoun: ilca, ilci, elca, elci, olca, etc. Ex.: La yuni e la oldi tre deziras lo: iti (la yuni), pro ke li pensas, ke ol amuzos li, ed ici (la oldi), pro ke li pensas, ke ol esos utila por li. Quon drinkas ica sioruli ed ita siorini ? Ilci drinkas blanka vino ed elti drinkas nigra kafeo. — F
  • -id- denotes offspring, descendant: Izrael-ido, an Israelite; rej-ido, the offspring of a king; Napoleon-ido, a descendant of Napoleon. This suffix refers only to the offspring of person. For progeny other than of persons yun- is used: bov-yuno, kaval-yuno; cf. yun-.
  • ide-o idea; -ala: ideal; -alo: an ideal; -al-ismo: idealism; -al-igar: to idealize; -al-ist-a, -o: idealistic (person). — DEFIRS
  • ident-a identical, the (self-) same; -eso: identity, sameness; -igar: to identify, to make identical (N.B. not used for persons: ri-konocar ulu kom ulu). Ex.: Me prestis a B. la sama libro kam ad A. (t.e. libro tote identa, un libro). La du propozicioni esas identa l’una a l’altra. — DEFIRS
  • identifik-ar to identify (ascertain the identity of). — DEFIRS
  • ideografi-o ideography; -ajo: idiom-graph, idiogram. — DEFIRS
  • ideologi-o ideology. — DEFIRS
  • idili-o (also fig.) idyl; -ala, -atra: idyllic. — DEFIRS
  • idiom-o idiom, language of a people, tribe, etc.; (cf. idiotismo); -ala: idiomatic, vernacular, relative to a particular language; provincala (o lokala, o rurala) idiomo: patois (cf. dialekto, jargono, slango); la Franca idiomo: the French language. Def.: La linguo propra di ula naciono o regiono. — DEFIRS
  • idiot-a idiotic, devoid of understanding; -(ul)o: idiot, natural fool; (for scientific discussion of meaning); -ajo: an idiotic act. — DEFIRS
  • idiotism-o idiotism, idiom, an expression peculiar to itself in grammatical construction; an expression the meaning of which as a whole cannot be derived from the conjoined meanings of its elements; (cf. idiomo); -ala: idiomatic, relating to the grammatical construction of a sentence; (cf. idiom-ala). Dei.: Frazo ne komprenebla per logikal analizo. Ex.: «How do you do» esas Angla idiotismo. — DEFIRS
  • idol-o (also fig.) idol; -isto: idolater; -igar: to idolize; -kulto, -ismo: idolatry; -ista, -kult-ala: idolatrous. — DEFIRS
  • -ier- with persons it denotes an individual characterized by a certain attribute, object or peculiarity: kuras-iero, cuirassier; rent-iero, fundholder, annuitant, person of independent means. It also designates a tree or plant which bears, produces: pom-iero, an apple tree; roz-iero, a rose bush. With things, it denotes a holder, stand, etc. into which the object is appropriately put: sigar-iero, a cigar-holder; plum-iero, a pen-holder; kandel-iero, a candlestick. Note: This last use of the suffix is somewhat similar to the use of -uyo, but -uyo refers to a case, box, chest, sheath: sigar-uyo, a cigar box; plum-uyo, a holder, box for pens; kandel-uyo, a receptacle for candles.
  • -if- added to nominal roots to form intransitive verbs denoting: to generate, produce, secrete: burjon-ifar, to produce buds, to bud; urin-ifar, to secrete urine, to urinate; sudor-ifar, to perspire; pom-ifar, to bear apples. This suffix is particularly useful to indicate the manufacture, making of tools and other articles: martel-ifar, to make, manufacture hammers (to hammer something is expressed by martel-agar); martel-if-isto, a hammer maker.
  • ig-ar (tr.) to make, cause, render: igar B. dicar ulo ad A., to make or have B say something to A.; igar ulu savar ulo, to have someone know something; igar ulu facar ulo, to have someone do something; lu igis sua flechi (esar) venenoza, he poisoned his arrows; la rejo igis la generalo arestar la policestro, the king had the general arrest the chief of police. As a suffix: With adjectives and nouns, it forms verbs with a transitive sense denoting: to make, render, transform into: petr-igar, to petrify; fil-igar, to transform (something) into thread; bel-igar, to beautify; rekt-igar, to straighten; larj-igar, to broaden. With intransitive verbs, it gives an active sense (= igar -anta) thus transforming them into transitive verbs: pac-ar, to be at peace; pac-igar, to pacify; dorm-ar, to sleep; dorm-igar, to put to sleep (someone); mort-ar, to die; mort-igar, to cause to die, put to death. With transitive verbs, it has a passive sense (= igar -ata), usually followed by the preposition da: facigar ulo da ulu, to have something done by someone; Note: The use of -igar with da is in many cases somewhat difficult for English speakers. The author recommends the more direct constructions: igar la spozino sendar mea letri (instead of: me sendigas mea letri da la spozino); me igas vu atencar ulo (instead of: me atencigas ulo da vu); igar vu vidar ulo (instead of: vidigar ulo da vu).
  • iglu-o igloo. — DEFIRS
  • ignor-ar (tr.) to ignore, to refuse to notice; disregard wilfully; to overlook (ulu, ulo) intentionally. Def.: Refuzar saveskar, konoceskar; vole ne-savar, vole ne-konocar. Ex.: Me savas ke altra faktori existas en la problemo, ma me ignoras li. Ignorar la prczenteso di ulu. — DEFIRS
  • iguan-o (zool.) iguana (genus: Iguana). — DEFIRS
  • -ik- ill of, sick with, and refers to persons having the disease, not the disease itself: tuberklos-ika (adj.), -ik(ul)o (noun), a tubercular, consumptive (person). Note: In such cases, the suffix -ala would refer to the diseases, not to the persons who have them.
  • ikneumon-o (ent.) ichneumon fly. — EFIS
  • ikon-o (rel.) icon. — EFIRS
  • ikonogen-o (photog.) eikonogen. — DE
  • ikonografi-o iconography. — DEFIRS
  • ikonoklast-o iconoclast, image breaker; (fig.) one who attacks cherished beliefs as shams; a determined enemy of image worship. — DEFIRS
  • ikonometr-o (photog.) iconometer. — DEFIS
  • ikosaedr-o (geom.) icosahedron. — DEFIS
  • ikter-o (med.) icterus: jaundice; -ika, -iko: (person) suffering from j. — DEFIS
  • iktiokol-o ichthyocol(la), fish-glue, isinglass, a glue prepared from the sounds of fish. — DEFI
  • iktiosaur-o (paleon.) ichthyosaur. — DEFIRS
  • il (abbr. of ilu; accus. ilun) he; -i: they (masc.); ilua: his; ilia: their (masc.). Note: In order to show gender, il is sometimes prefixed to demonstrative and interrogative pronouns: ilca, ilta, ilqua, ilci, ilti, ilqui. Ex.: il veis kun ilua kuzi. Ili venis kun ilia kuzi. Pro quo vu prenas ilua libri? Lektez la vui e lasez la ilui (plu.) — FS
  • -il- added to verbal roots to denote the instrument, tool, or means of performing an action: [bros-ilo, a brush; paf-ilo, a shooting instrument, as a gun; telegraf-ilo: a telegraph instrument; bar-ilo, a barrier. Note: In cases where there are many kinds of instruments to perform a certain action, some appropriate word should be used, if possible, in place of -il- which carries a general meaning: skrib-ilo may refer to any kind of writing instrument: pen, pencil, typewriter, therefore it is ordinarily desirable to use in place of -il- the words: plumo, (grafit-)krayono, skrib-mashino. A tranch-ilo may refer to any cutting instrument, therefore kultelo should be used when a knife is meant, or fusilo in place of paf-ilo when a gun is meant.
  • ileon-o (anat.) ileum. — EFIS
  • ilex-o holly; -iero: h. tree (Ilex aquifolium). — L
  • iliak-o hip-bone, pelvic-bone, coxa; -a, -ala: iliac(al). — EFIS
  • ilion-o (anat.) ilium. — EFISL
  • iliterat-a, -o illiterate, unlettered (person). Def.: Qua savas nek lektar, nek skribar. — EFIS
  • ilumin-ar (tr.) to illuminate, decorate with festal lights or bonfires (cf. lumizar); (fig.) to enlighten the mind of (ulu); pregar Deo -ar vu: to pray to God to illuminate your mind; -(ad)o: illumination (as at a festival); -ismo: the principles of the illuminati; la -ati: the illuminati. — DEFIRS
  • ilustr-ar (tr.) to illustrate, to provide or adorn (as a book with pictures); (cf. enluminar, klarigar, explikar); -uro: illustration (in a book, paper). — DEFIRS
  • iluzion-ar (intr.) (cf. trompar), to be laboring under an illusion, delusion; -oza: full of delusions; -a: illusory (truly so); -ig-anta, -iva: delusive, illusive: which makes a delusion; -igar: to delude, deceive (ulu,su, pri ulo); bastono en aquo aspektas quale ruptita; co esas iluziono: a stick in water looks as if it were broken: it is an illusion. Def.: (iluziono) Eroro di la sensi o di la mento, qua igas konfundar la versimilajo por la realajo. — DEFIRS
  • -im- fraction: tri-ima, a third (part); quar-imo, a quarter.
  • imagin-ar (tr.) to imagine, to form a notion, a mental image; -ajo: that which one imagines, fancy, conceit; -iva, -ema: imaginative. Ex.: On ne povas imaginar ulo plu extraordinara. Il havas vivaca imaginado. Mento imaginema. V. Exp.: vid. fantaziar. — EFIS
  • imaginar-a (math.) imaginary, impossible (quantity or expression). — DEFIRS
  • imaj-o image, a visible representation of something; statue, effigy, picture, idol, etc.; a picture produced by reflection, refraction, etc.; a natural resemblance, likeness; a mental or printed picture. Ex.: La ikonoklasti kombatis kontre la kulto di imaji. Vidar sua imajo en l’aquo. Deo kreis la homo segun sua imajo (E. likeness); Esas bela imaji (E. pictures) en ca libro. — EFIS
  • iman-ar (intr., philos.) to be immanent, to indwell; -anta: immanent, inherent. Ant.: (iman-anta) trancendanta. — DEFIS
  • imbast-ar (tr., of tailors, seamstresses) to baste, to run or tack together (the different parts of a garment, cloth). Def.: Sutar per longa steburi e (ordinare) blanka filo, por pose probar. — EFI
  • imbecil-a imbecile, weak-minded. — DEFIS
  • imbib-ar (tr.) to imbue, to permeate, soak in, drench (speaking of liquids); La pluvo imbibas la tero: the rain has soaked the ground; -ar sponjo per aquo: to soak a sponge (with water); (fig.) -ar la mento per opinioni eroroza: to imbue the mind with erroneous opinions. — DEFIS
  • imbrik-ar (tr.) to imbricate, to overlap (ulo, per ulo); -o, -uro: imbricating, overlapping (as scales, tiles, shingles). — EFIS
  • imens-a immense, immeasureable, vast. — E
  • imers-ar (tr.) to immerge, immerse, to dip, plunge (ulo) into (a liquid); -o-quanto: (nav.) (ship’s) draught. V. exp.: Submersar esas plunjigar komplete en (sub) l’aquo; diferas do de imersar, qua esas plunjigar nur parte; on imersas omna navi kande on lansas oli, ma nur poka e specala navi esas submersebla; altri (salvo-bateli) esas kontree nesubmersebla;. — DEFIS
  • imit-ar (tr.) to imitate, endeavor to copy or resemble (ulu, ulo); -(ad)o, -uro: imitating, imitation; -ajo: the model or object which is imitated; -achar: to ape, mimic. Ex.: Imitar la signaturo, la manieri, la agi di ulu. Juveli imitita (E. imitation jewels) (cf. kontrafaktar). — DEFIRS
  • imobl-o, -i (jur.) immovables, realty, real estate, chattels real, (permanent) fixtures. Def.: Nemovebla havaji (domi, agri, e.c.). — DEFIS
  • imol-ar (tr.) to immolaite, offer or kill as a sacrificial victim. Ex.: Agamemmon imolis sua filiino por la interesto generala di la Greki. — EFI
  • imortel-o (plant, flower) immortelle, everlasting flower. — DEFR
  • imped-ar (tr.) to impede, hinder, prevent; -o, -ivo: hindrance, hitch, impediment; (elec.) impedance; -ili, -ivi: impedimenta; sen- -a: unimpeded. Ex. Impedar ulu facar ulo. Impedar l’enemiko transirar la rivero. Impedo a l’exekuto di ula projecto. Impedivo en sua parolado. — EFIS
  • imper-ar (tr.) to order, direct, enjoin, bid, command (N.B. not military); (fig.) to rule, have sway (cf. dominacar, guvernar, regnar); -ema: imperious; -vorto: word of command; Ex.: La patro imperis a sua filio departar. Devos imperas a me. V. exp.: vid. komandar. — EFIS
  • imperativ-o (gram. philos.) imperative. — DEFIS
  • imperator-o (Rom. hist.) imperator. Def.: Komandanto di antiqua Romana armeo. — DEFIRS
  • imperfekt-o (gram.) imperfect (tense). — DEFIS
  • imperi-o empire, slate ruled by an emperor; -ala: imperial, relating to an e.; -al-ismo: imperialism; -al-ist-a, -o: imperialist(ic); -estro: emperor; -estr-ino: empress; -estr-ata: imperial, relating to an emperor. — DEFIRS
  • impertinent-a impertinent, saucy, pert. V. exp.: Impertinenta esas nepolita o senrespekta. Insolenta esas, pluse, insultema od ofensema, kun nuanco du superbeso. — DEFIS
  • impetu-o (of things) violence, fury; -em-eso: (of persons) impetuosity, -ousness, vehemence, boisterousness; -oza, -ema: impetuous, headlong, violent; la -o di la tempesto: the violence of the tempest; -em-eso di yuneso: impetuosness of youth; -oza deziri: vehement desires: iraco -oza: violent anger. — EFIS
  • implicit-a implicit, implied, tacitly comprised; to esas kontenata en la kontrato en maniero implicita: this is implied in the contract; libera volo esas la kondiciono implicita di responsiveso elikala: free-will is an implicit condition of moral reponsibility. — DEFIS
  • implik-ar (tr. log..) to imply, to involve by inference; -o, -ajo: implication, inference; -ar kontre-dico: to imply or involve a contradiction: l’ideo di la homo implikas l’idei di inteligenteso ed arbitrio: the idea of a man implies ideas of intelligence and free will.. — EFIRS
  • implor-ar (tr.) to implore. V. exp.: Suplikar esas pregegar humile. Implorar adjuntas a suplikar l’ideo di emociganta moyeni, aparte (segun l’etimologio) di la ploro. — EFIS
  • imploz-ar to implode. — DEFIS
  • import-ar (intr.) to have import, be of importance or consequence; to matter, signify, concern; -as: (impersonal) it is necessary; -o: import, importance, consequence; -anta: important; -anto: person of importance; -ajo: important thing or matter; to nemulte (o poke) importas a me: that is of little consequence; sen- -a: insignificant; importas irar: it is necessary to go; ne -as ube me esas: no matter where i am; l’importo di l’afero: the importance of an affair; -anta okaziono, persono: important occasion, person. — EFIRS
  • importac-ar (tr., com.) to import (goods). Ant.: exportacar. — DEFIRS
  • impost-ar (tr.) to tax (ulu, ulo); -(ad)o, -uro: taxation; impost, excise, duty; -o-kolekt-isto: t.-gatherer, -collector; -o person-ala: personal t., poll-tax; sal- -o: duty on salt. V. exp.: Taxar esas kalkular quanto de imposto pagenda; impostar esas igar taxito pagar ica sumo. Taxuro ed imposturo havas la sama senco. Ex.: La guvernerio taxas ula importacajo ye procento di 20 po cento, la dogan-kolektisto direte impostas ica 20 po cento. — DEFI
  • impotent-a (med. and fig.) impotent. — DEFIRS
  • impoz-ar (tr.) to impose (ulo ad ulu); -ar su: to obtrude oneself; -esar to be incumbent (ad); -ar ulo a su: to impose something on oneself; -anta, -iva: imposing, commanding, striking. Ex.: La vinkinto impozas severa kondicioni a la vinkiti. Impozar puniso, taco, respekto. Ceremonio impozanta. — DEFIS
  • impregn-ar (tr.) to impregnate, to fecundate; (fig.) to imbue. — DEFIS
  • imprek-ar (intr.) to imprecate, to invoke evil on a person, to curse (kontre ulu); (cf. maledikar). — EFIS
  • impres-ar (tr., materially and morally) to impress, make an impression on (ulo), to move, affect (ulu); (cf. imprimar); -o, -uro: impression, imprint; -ata: (bone, male) impressed. — DEFIS
  • impresari-o (theat.) impresario. — DEFIRS
  • impresion-o (paint., lit.) an impressionist work; -ismo: impressionism; -isto: impressionist. Def.: Artala verko, qua tendencas expresar o reprezentar l’impresi recevita da l’artisto de la naturo o de la temo. — DEFIR
  • imprim-ar (tr.) to print (a book, paper, etc.); -o, -uro: printing; (im)print: -ala: typographical; -erio: printing establ.; -eyo: printing office; -mashino: printing press; -proburo: proof (-sheet). — EFIS
  • improviz-ar (tr.) to improvise, to compose, recite, sing, etc., extemporaneously; to extemporize; to make, do, or provide offhand; -e; -ata, -ita: extemporized, impromptu. — DEFIRS
  • impuls-ar (tr., phys. and moral) to give impetus to, to impel; -o: impetus, impulse; -anta, -iva: impelling, impulsive; kuglo -ita da pulvero: bullet impelled by powder; cedar a l’impulso dil volo di stranjero: to yield to the influence of a stranger’s will. — DEFIRS
  • imput-ar (tr.) to impute, ascribe; (cf. akuzar, atributar); ne imputez mea taco ad ulo ecepte a manko di tempo: do not impute (attribute) my silence to anything except lack of time; me ne imputas mea desfortuno a vu: I do not impute my misfortunes to you; imputo kalumnioza: a caluminous imputation. — DEFIS
  • imun-a immune (de); -igar: to render i. — DEFIRS
  • imunologi-o immunology. — DEFIRS
  • -in- signifies an individual of the female sex: frat-ino, a sister; spoz-ino, wife; bov-ino cow.
  • inanicion-o inanition. Def.: Febleso efektigita da manko de nutrivi. — DEFIS
  • inat-a innate, inborn, inbred; -a idei: innate ideas. — EFIS
  • inaugur-ar (tr., all senses) to inaugurate. — DEFIRS
  • incendi-ar (tr.) to set fire to; to burn down (maliciously); -anto, -ero: incendiary (person); -o pre-medit-ita: arson.
  • incens-o incense, frankincense; -iz-ilo: censer. — EFIS
  • incest-ar (intr.) to commit incest. — DEFIRS
  • «inch» inch: 2.54 cm.
  • incid-ar (tr. phys. and gen.) to impinge upon, fall upon or affect; -ala angulo: angle of incidence. Ex. Radio incidanta. L’incido di l’imposto. — EFIS
  • incident-a incidental, casual; -o: incident, occurence; -a fraz-eto: a sub-ordinate, a parenthetic clause. — DEFIS
  • incit-ar (tr) to incite, to spur or urge on (ulu, ad ulo); (cf. instigar); -etar: to plague, pester; -o: incitement, incentive; (med.) stimulus. Ex.: Incitar la populo revoltar. Ica pensi incitis il a la venjo. — DEFIS
  • inciz-ar (tr.) to incise, to cut in or into (cf. tranchar); -o, -uro: incision, gash, cut, slash; -iva: (also fig.) incisive; -ivo, -iva dento: incisor (tooth). — EFIS
  • -ind- with verbal roots, signifying: deserving to be, worthy of, meriting: laud-inda, praiseworthy, laudable; respekt-inda, respectable, deserving of respect. Note: This suffix clearly differs from -end-: libro lekt-inda, a book worth reading; libro lekt-enda, a book which must be read; Carthago destrukt-inda, Carthage is worthy of destruction; Carthago destrukt-enda, Carthage must be destroyed. The first indicates an opinion, the second, an intention, a resolution.
  • indemn-o indemnity, recompense; -izar: to indemnify, compensate, recoup. Def.: Kompensal pekunio donita pro domajo, e.c. — DEFIS
  • index-o index, table of contents of a book; hand of a dial, etc.: (R.C. church) forbidden books; (of Bible) concordance; (cf. indik-fingro). — DEFIS
  • Indi-a India; -ano: Indian.
  • indic-o indication, sign, token, mark, clue; -i tromp-anta: deceitful tokens; maligna parolado esas -o di mala kordio: an evil tongue is a sign of a bad heart; (math.) -o di radik-alo: index of a root; -o di refrakto: (opt.) index of refraction. Def. Fakto donanta la certeso o probableso di altra fakto. — DEFIS
  • indicion-o indiction, cycle of 15 years. — DEFIS
  • indien-o (fabric) cotton print, printed calico, chintz. — DFS
  • indiferent-a indifferent, unconcerned, immaterial; (of persons) cold, unmindful, insensible. Ex.: Sive ni selektas ca voyo sive l’altra, to esas indiferent a me. Il esas indiferent a la laudo ed a la kritiko. Indiferenteso pri temi religiala. — DEFIS
  • indig-o (dye and color) indigo; -iero, -o-planto: i.plant. — DEFIRS
  • indign-ar (intr.) to be indignant; -igar: to rouse the indignation of; -ig-anta: revolting, shocking; -o-klamo: out-cry, hue and cry. Ex.: Il indignas pro la deyusteso di homi. Desyusteso indignigas il. Eruptar pro indigno. — DEFIRS
  • indij-ar (tr) to be destitute and in need of (ulo); -o, -eso, -ego; indigence, poverty, penury, want, -anto: necessitous, person; pauper. Def.: Indijo esas la stando di homo indiganta la maxim necesa kozi. (fig.) Indijo di idei. (cf. karear). Ant. : (indijanta) richa. — EFIS
  • indijen-a indigenous, born in the place, native (son) of. V. exp.: vid. aborijeno. Ant.: exotika. — EFIS
  • indik-ar to indicate, to show or point out, denote, designate (ulo ad ulu); -o, -ajo: indication (cf. indico; -fingro: index finger, forefinger.) — EFIS
  • indikativ-o (gram.) indicative (mood). — DEFIS
  • indikator-o (tech. chem.) indicator, gauge. — DEFIS
  • individu-o individual, single person, animal or thing; -ala: individual; -eso: individuality, character peculiar to an individual; -al-eso: individuality, sum of characteristic traits; -ale: individually, in an i. or distinct manner, (cf. single); -al-igar: to individualize, render i.; -al-ismo: individualism; -isto: individualist. — DEFIRS
  • indolent-a indolent, slothful, sluggish, lazy, nonchalant; -igar: to render i. Def.: Expresas nelaboremeso qua venas de la mental karaktero, de speco di moleso o deskurajo. Ant. : ag-iva, -ema; vivaca, impetuoza, diligenta. — DEFIS
  • Indonezi-a Indonesia. — DEFIRS
  • indos-ar (tr., com.) to indorse, sign on the back of (a bill or note); -ito, -ario: indorsee. — DEFS
  • indukt-ar (tr., log.) to induce, to reach (a general conclusion) by inference from a number of individual cases; (phys.) to induce, to influence without direct contact; (phys. log.) induction, inference. — DEFIRS
  • induktor-o (elec.) inductor. — DEFIRS
  • indulg-ar (tr.) to be indulgent to, make allowance for, forbear to inflict, spare; (cf. komplezar, absolvar); -anta, -ema: indulgent, lenient. Def.: Dispenar de puniso meritita. Ant.: (esar) severa. — EFIS
  • induljenc-o (eccl.) indulgence — DEFIS
  • indult-o (eccl.) indult, dispensation granted by the Pope. — DEFIS
  • industri-o industry: business employing much capital and labor. — DEFIRS
  • indut-ar (tr.) to coat, to over with, (be)daub, smear, to paint (with one color); -o, -uro: coat(ing), a soft or liquid covering; -ar muro per gipsajo: to coat a wall with plaster; -ar per gudro: to tar (cf. gudr-izar); la puero indutis sua kayero per inko: the child blotted (bedaubed) his blank book with ink. — F
  • inerci-o inertia (in physics). — DEFIRS
  • inert-a (phys., mental) inert, sluggish; -eso: inertia; -a maso: an i. mass; -a mento: a dull mind. — EFIRS
  • infalibl-a infallible, not liable to fail, decieve, or disappoint, unfailing, certain; (cf. ne fali-iva, ne-eror-iva); lua ruino esas -a: his ruin is certain; remediilo -a: i remedy; -a evidentajo, suceso: i. evidence. success. (N.B. not to be used for ‘infallible’: not capabable of erring). — DEFIS
  • «infallible» infanta, infante. Def.: Rej-ido en Hispania e Portugal.
  • infam-a infamous; -ig-anta: degrating. Ant.: honor-iz-anta, glori-oza. — DEFIS
  • infant-o infant; young child up to seven years of age; -eto: baby; -acho: brat; -ala, -atra: infantile, childlike; -eso: infancy, childhood; -eskar: to become childish; -alajo: childish act: -eso du-esma: dotage (cf. radotar); -ocido: infanticide. — EFIS
  • infantri-o (milit.) infantry; -ano: infantryman. — DEFIRS
  • infarkt-o (med.) infarct. — DEFIS
  • infekt-ar (tr. med. and fig.) to infect, taint; -iva: infectious. — DEFIRS
  • infer-ar (tr.) to infer, deduce, conclude (ulo de). — EFIS
  • inferior-a (sociol., econ.) inferior; lower in station or rank in life (ex.: -klaso di socio); lower in excellence and value; less good (ex.: komercaji di qualeso -a); subordonate, secondary; of less importance (ex. tribunalo -a; ofico -a). V. exp. vid. alta. Ant.: superiora. — DEFIS
  • infern-o (lit. and fig.) hell; -ala, -atra; infernal (regions,noise, etc.). — EFIS
  • infest-ar to infest. — EFIS
  • infiltr-ar (tr. intr.) to infiltrate, percolate: to enter by penetrating the interstices of a substance; (fig.) to creep in, insinuate, penetrate. — DEFIS
  • infinit-a (philos., math., and fig.) infinite. — DEFIS
  • infinitezim-a infinitesimal, inmmeasurably small; -ala: infinitesimal, relative to an i. quantity; -a kalkulo: i. calculus, transcendental analysis
  • infinitiv-o (gram.) infinitive (mood). — DEFIS
  • infirm-a infirm, lacking full use of a limb, having disablement of body; -ajo: infirmity; Def.: Qua ne povas uzar (libere, normale) irga membro od organo. V. exp. vid kripla. — EFIS
  • infix-o (gram.) infix. — DEFIRS
  • infl-ar (tr.) to inflate, pull up or out, swell, bloat; (cf. bufar). Ex.: Inflar balono. Lua korpo esas inflita (E. swollen). (fig.) Esar inflita da superbeso. Stilo inflita (E. turgid style). — EFIS
  • inflam-ar (tr., med.) to inflame; (tech. sense) to set fire to (ulo); -ala, -altra: inflammatory; -ebla: inflammable, combustible; -o-punto: burning-point. Def.: Igar tre varmega; bruligar kun flamo. Ex.: Organo inflamesas, t.e. ol esas en la morbala stando nomizita inflameso. On havas instrumento por determinar l’inflamo-punto (temperaturo) di diversa liquidi. — DEFIS
  • inflex-ar (tr., gram.) to inflect; -o: (gram., geom.) inflection, inflexion; (cf. flexiono, modulacar). — EFIS
  • infloresenc-o (bot.) inflorescence. — EFIS
  • influ-ar (tr., mental., phys.) to influence, sway ,bias; -anta, -iva: influential(person, force, etc.). — DEFIRS
  • influenz-o (med.) influenza. — DEFIRS
  • influx-o (biol.) influx: act of flowing in; -o nerv-ala: (physial.) innervation. — DEFIS
  • inform-ar (tr.) to inform, apprise, (ulu, pri ulo); -o: informing, news, information (given); -eso: information (received); -esar: to be informed (pri); serchar informi, inform-igar su: to make inquiries, (cf. Inquestar). V. exp.: vid. sav-igar. — DEFIRS
  • informatik-o information science, informatics. — DEFIRS
  • infr-e down (as opp. to supre); below, at the bottom (point in space; cf. sube); -a: lowermost, bottom; inferior: lower in space, degree of importance. quality (cf. suba, inferiora); -ajo: lowermost part, bottom part; -ega, maxim -a: lowermost, most inferior; ad-infre: (with motion) downward; -e di: at the bottom or foot of; -a labio-barbo: tuft of hair on lower lip, an imperial; videz infre: look below. V. exp.: videz alta. Ant.: supre. — L
  • infuz-ar (tr.) to infuse: to steep (without boiling); (surg.) to introduce a liquid into veins; (fig.) to instil, inculcate (principles, etc.). — DEFIS
  • infuzori-o, -i (nat, hist., zool.) infusoria. — DEFIRS
  • ingest-ar (tr. physiol.) to ingest. — DEFI
  • inglob-ar (tr., chiefly medic., pharm.) to bland together, put together, (in spherical form). Def.: Ne simple unionar, ma mixar en un sola substanco (globo, quale indikas l’etimologio); anke inkluzar ula substanco (farmaciala) en altra (di altra naturo e saporo), qua envelopas e celas olu. — FIS
  • ingran-ar (tr., intr., mechan.) to put in (or throw into) gear, to engage; (cf. embragar, kuplar). Ex. Un roto ingranas (kun) altra, kande ol movas (turnigas) ica per sua propra movo, per denti qui pulsas la denti di l’altra. — FIS
  • ingredient-o ingredient. — DEFIS
  • inguin-o (anat.) groin; -ala: inguinal. — EFIS
  • inhal-ar (tr.) to inhale. — DEFIS
  • inher-ar (intr.) to inhere; -anta: inherent; -o, -ant-eso: (qual.) inherency. Ex.: Graveso inheras en (esas inheranta ad) materio. — DEFIS
  • inhib-ar (tr.) to inhibit: to check, restrain (the activity of); (jur.) to prohibit, interdict. — DEFIS
  • inici-ar (tr.) to initiate: to introduce by a first act, take the initiative in; to instruct in the rudiments or pronciples; to introduce into a society, club, etc. by formal rites; -(ad)o: initiating (ac); -em-eso: initiative (tendency); -ala: initial: beginning; -anto, -into, -ero: initiator, promotor; -ato: person initiated; -ar a la misterii: to initiate into the mysterios. Def.: Igar komencar, igar departar, igar debutar. Ex.: On inicias homo a doktrino. On inicias afero, entraprezo. — DEFIRS
  • injekt-ar (tr.) to inject (a fluid or other substance into something); -izar: to inject (a person or thing with an injection); -ajo: (liquid) injection; okuli -iz-ita: (fig.) bloodshot eyes. — DEFIRS
  • injeni-ar (tr.) to exercise one’s wits, to set one’s wits to work; to contrive (tax one’s ingenuity); -oza, -ema: (of persons) ingenious, clever; -ita: (of things) ingenious; showing ingenuity; la justa konstrukto di ca mashino injeniesis da me: the right construction of this machine was contrived by me. — EFIS
  • injenior-o engineer (civil, military, mining, etc.); (cf. mashin-isto). — DEFIRS
  • ink-o ink; -uyo: ink-holder, -stand, -pot; -izar: to (cover with) ink; -iz-ilo: ink-pad; any inking instrument; -o-makulo: ink blog. — EFI
  • inkandec-ar (intr.) to be incandescent. — EFIS
  • inkarnac-ar, eskar (intr., theol.) to be, become incarnate; -o: incarnation. — DEFIS
  • inkas-ar (tr., fin. and fig.) to collect, call in, receive something which is due, chiefly commercial sense of money but lig. of applause, compliments, flowers, etc. -ero, -isto: collector; -ar checko: to cash a check. — DFI
  • inkastr-ar (tr., tech.) to fit in, set in, fit together; (fig.) to enshrine; to set (a stone in bezel); to set (a bone). — FIS
  • inklin-ar (tr., intr., phys., mental) to incline, lean, slope; to be disposed; -o: inclination, incline, gradient, bow; -eso: inclination, favorable, disposition, proclivity (for); -ita kapo: bowed head; -anta, -ita: inclined, sloped; prone, disposed (cf. tendencanta). Ex.: Ca muro inklinas. La vinko inklinas a lia favoro. Il inklinesas a severeso. Inklino vicioza. — EFIS
  • inkluz-ar (tr.) to include, inclose, shut up (in), insert, pen in or up; -o, -eso, -ajo: including, inclosure; -anta, -iva: inclosing, inclusive; -e, -ite, -ive: inclusively; hike inkluz-ita: herewith inclosed, sent herewith; -ito: a person shut in, recluse. — DEFIRS
  • inkoativ-a (gram.) inchoate. Def.: Qualifikas la vorti (generale verbi), qui signifikas ula komenco. Ex.: La sufixo -esk- esas inkoativa. — DEFIS
  • inkognit-a, -o incognito; -ino: incognita. — DEFIRS
  • inkombr-ar (tr) to encumber, obstruct, block, crowd, hinder in passing. Def.: Embarasar, impedar per l’amaso de objekti. Ex.: La multa veturi inkombras la strado. V. exp.: Tablo, chambro, inkombrita, ne povas dicesar obstruktita. — EFIS
  • inkrust-ar (tr.) to incrust: cover with a crust; to inlay (thin slices of fine wood, marble, etc.). — DEFIRS
  • inkub-o nightmare; (imaginary demon) incubus. — DEFIS
  • inkubac-ar (intr. med.) to be in a state of incubation (speaking of a disease). (N.B. not used for ‘to hatch’; cf. kovar). — DEFIS
  • inkulk-ar (tr.) to inculcate; impress on the mind by frequent repetitions, to instil, implant (a truth, a doctrine). V. exp.: Inkulkar kredo, bona mori, esas penetrigar li profunde e dureme en la mento e kustumo. — EFIS
  • inkunabl-o, -i incunabula. — DEFIS
  • inkurs-ar (tr.) to make a incursion: enter into a territory with hostile intent, to raid. — EFIRS
  • inocent-a innocent, guileless, artless(cf sen-kulpa). Def.: Qua tote ne konocas la malajo. — EFIS
  • inokul-ar (tr., med) to inoculate (virus); (fig.) to propagate. — DEFIRS
  • inquest-ar (tr., adminis., parl., jur.) to make inquiry (into), make inquest, inquisition, investigate; -anta judiciisto: examining magistrate; komitato di -o: commitee of inquiry. V. exp.: On devas ne uzar (Quale la Angli tentesas facar) inquesto vice questiono, kande on parolas pri simpla questiono, Inquesto esas ensemblo de questioni, de explori, de serchi, qua facesas exemple (e precipue) da policisto o judikisto (qua en ta kazo nomizesas inquestito). Pro to ta vorto havas impliko judiciala, qua riskas esar neagreabla o nepolita, kande on parolas pri questiono, quan privato directas a privato. — EFIS
  • inquizicion-o (hist.) inquisition. — DEFIRS
  • inquizitor-o (hist.) inquisitor: an officier of the inquisition; (cf. inquestanto, -ero). — DEFIRS
  • insekt-o insect; -aro: insects (collect.), vermin; -o-ocid-ivo, -ilo: insecticide; -o-manj-anta: insectivorous. — DEFIRS
  • insektivor-a insectivorous — DEFIRS
  • insert-ar (tr.) to insert, put in, set in; -ajo: what is inserted; -uro: (result.) insertion. — DEFIS
  • insidi-ar (tr., lit. and fig.) to set a trap for, to lay snare for (ulu); -ema: (of persons) insidious, sly, crafty, wily; -oza: (of things) full of snares. — EFIS
  • insign-o badge; (of a shop) sign (-board); -i, -aro: insignia. — DEFIS
  • insinu-ar (tr.) to insinuate; to introduce gently, wind into, worm into; to hint, intimate, suggested indirectly; -ajo: insinuation, innuendo; -ar la fingro aden vunduro: to insinuate a finger in a wound; -ar bona sentimenti: to instil good sentiments; l’aquo -as su tra la pori: the water insinuates itself into the pores; perfida -o: a perfidious insinuation. — EFIRS
  • insipid-a (lit. and fig.) insipid, tasteless (cf. sen-sapora); -ajo: a tasteless thing; (saying) platitude. — DEFIS
  • insist-ar (intr.) to insist: to urge or press earnestly, to lay stress (en, pri, sur); (N.B. Not «to demand», cf postular); -anta, -ema: insistant, urgent, earnest; -e: insistently, earnestly. Def.: Perseverar demandar. V. exp. On insistas en demando, prego. On persistas en stando (mem pure materiala). On obstinas en volo, deziro od opiniono. — EFIS
  • insolent-a insolent. V. exp.: vid impertinenta. — DEFIRS
  • inspekt-ar (tr.) to inspect: examine, oversee, survey. — DEFIRS
  • inspir-ar (tr.) to inspire (by devine instruction, poetic spirit, ideas); -ajo: that which inspires; -eso: inspiration (received). V. Exp. vid. entuziasmo. — DEFIS
  • instal-ar (tr.) to instal; induct a person into an office; (mechan.) to setup or fix in position for use or service. Ex.: Instalar episkopo. Instalo di mashino. — DEFIS
  • instanc-o (jur.) instance: process of a suit; korto di unesma -o: court of first instance. — DEFIRS
  • instant-o instant, moment; -ala: instantaneous: -ale: instantly, momentarily; -al-eso: instantaneousness; -al-ajo: an instantaneous object (as in photog.), omna-instante: every instant; ca- -e: this instant. — DEFIRS
  • instig-ar (tr.) to instigate, incite (ulu, ad; ordinarily in bad sense); -ata da: instigate by (ulu); (cf. incitar). Def.: Penar por persuadar ulu facar ulo. Ex. Vu instiguis il facar ta krimino. Instigar ulu laborar, (a) revolto. Instigo di la diablo. — EFIS
  • instil-ar (tr.) to instil: (pharm. med.) to infuse by drops; (fig.) to infuse slowly into the mind. — DEFI
  • instint-o instinct; -ala, -atra: instinctive; -e: instinctively. Def.: Impulso naturala. — DEFIRS
  • instituc-ar (tr.) to institute: to establish or set up, to found; to appoint to office; -ar su: to appoint oneself; -uro: institution. Ex.: Jesu Kristo dicesas institucir la sep sakramenti Instituco (E. appointment) di judiciisto. — DEFIRS
  • institut-o institute: a literary, scientific or philosophical society. — DEFIRS
  • instrucion-o (practical) instruction(s), direction(s) (how to do or use someting). V. exp.:vid. sav-igar. — DEFIRS
  • instrukt-ar (tr.) to instruct: to impart knowledge to; to teach, educate; -(ad)o: instruction (given); -eso: instruction (received); -iva: instructive; -ar rejido guvernar: to teach a prince how to govern; -ar per exempli: to teach by examples. V. exp.: vid. sav-igar, edukar. — DEFIRS
  • instrument-o instrument, tool, implement; -ala: instrumental: relating to i.s. (as in. i. music); conducive to some end, helpful; -alo: (Anglo-Saxon and Russian grammar) instrumental case; -izar: (music) le set (ulo) to instrumental music; -izo: (music) instrumentation; (cf. orkestr-izar). — DEFIRS
  • insul-o isle, island; -ano: islander. — DEFIS
  • insulin-o insulin. — DEFIRS
  • insult-ar (tr.) to insult: treat with abuse, insolence or contempt, by word or action, to affront, taunt, call names, abuse rail at. — DEFIS
  • intali-o (engr.) intaglio. Def.: Gemo grabita kave (inverse di kameo). — DEFI
  • integr-a all parts properly united and present, whole, entire, complete, intact, integral; -a nombro, (od, integro): (arith.) integer; -eso: integrity (entirely); -e: in full, bodily. Def.: Ne-tushita, ne-lezita, havanta omna sua parti e membri. — EFIRS
  • integral-o (math.), integral; -kalkulo: i. calculus; -igar: to integrate.
  • intelekt-ar (tr., philos. and general) to understand, comprehend, or know (ulo) by the intellect alone (opposite of to know by sensation, feeling); -o: intellection, cognition, comprehension, intellect, intelligence (cf. kompreno, inteligent-eso); -ala: intellectual: relating to process of thought; -oza: intellectual: gifted with reasoning power; -ebla: intelligible: that can be known by intellection, opp. to sensible. Ex.: On parolas pri la mondo ‘intelektebla’ opozata a la mondo «sentebla». Do on devas dicar ‘intelektebla’ (qua povas esar objecto dil intelekto). Intelekto esas l’ago intelektar. V.exp.: Me intelektas problemo. Me komprenas vua sentiveso pri la morto di vua patro. — DEFIRS
  • inteligent-a intelligent: mentally acute; -eso: intelligence (cf. intelekto, konoco, savo). Ex.: Il esas tre inteligenta employato. Puero di mikra inteligenteso. — DEFIRS
  • intenc-ar (tr.) to intend, purpose; have in view, in mind (cf projectar); -o: intent(ion), purpose; -ala: intentional; -ata, -ita: intended; -anta: intentioned, disposed (bone o male); -e, kun -o: intentionally, on purpose. Ex.: Me facis lo kun bona intenco. Il esas homo bone intencanta. me intencas irar morge. — EFIS
  • intendanc-o (milit.) commissariat. — DFIRS
  • intendant-o intendant: one who has charge of some public business: a superintendent (of public building), colonial or district administrator or treasurer, or the like; as intendant of marine; intendant of finance; -eso, -evo, -io: intendancy. — DEFIRS
  • intens-a intense; -eso: intensity; -igar: to intensify; -ig-anta, -iva: intensifying, intensive. Ant.: febla. — DEFIRS
  • inter (prep.) between, betwixt (of time and space); among (of persons and things; cf. meze); inter nokto e matino: between night and morning; inter la nacioni: among the nations; Sirius esas la maxim lumoza inter la fixa steli: Sirius is the brightest among the fixed stars; (denoting reciprocity, exchange, division among): la pueri ludas inter su: the children play with each other: li kambiis sua redingoti inter su: they exchanged coats (between themselves); la havajo esis dividata inter la parenti: the property was divided among the relations. — EFRS
  • inter-akt-o interlude, act between acts; interval between acts.
  • intercept-ar (tr.) to intercept. V. exp.: On interceptas letri, telegrafaji, telefonaji. Per to on ne necese haltigas oli nek impedas atingar la skopo. — EFIS
  • interces-ar (intr.) to intercede, plead (with or for); put in a good word (for). — DEFIRS
  • interdikt-ar (tr.) to interdict, prohibit, forbid; -ata, -ita; forbidden, illicit. — DEFIRS
  • interes-ar (tr.) to interest (ulu, pri, ad): (indicates excitement of feeling accompanying special attention to some object); -ar su, havar -o: to i. one-self, have an i. in, be concerned; -o en (o pri) botaniko: i. in botany; questioni di -o: questions of interest; -anta, -oza, -iva: interesting (book, news, person, etc.); ca libro esas ne-interesanta: this book is without interest; (cf. interesto). — DEFIRS
  • interest-o interest (objective interest, pecuniary, financial); -oza: advantageaous, profitable; -o kompoz-ita: compound interest; -ifar: to bear i.; sen -a: disinterested; (cf. interesar) (Note: It is necessary to distinguish clearly between interesar and interesto. Intereso indicates, loosely, lively sympathy or curiosity; a book or a subject interesas. Interesto relates to proprietary right or share; it is used in such sentences as: ‘it is to my interest to do it’; ‘to promote one’s interest’; ‘money bears interest’; etc. — DEFIRS
  • inter-event-ar (intr., of things, events) to happen, occur (in between); (cf. inter-venar); plura decidi (inter-)eventis en la proceso: serveral judgments were pronounced in the course of the lawsuit; multa kozi (inter)eventis dum la negociado: many things happened during the negotiations.
  • interfer-ar (intr., physical), to interfere (kun). (N.B. for ‘to interfere’, when speaking of persons; cf. mixar su, inter-venar). — DEFIRS
  • inter-ferdek-o a deck between, lower deck, space between decks.
  • inter-foli-izar to interleave.
  • interim-o interim: time intervening; -e: for the time being, ad interim, in the mean time; -ala presidentato: provisional, temporary president. — DEFIS
  • inter-jac-ar (intr.) to lie in between; -anta: interjacent.
  • interjecion-o (gram.) interjection. — DEFIS
  • inter-komun-a party: belonging in common to several persons; as, havajo -a: common property.
  • inter-konsent-o mutual agreement, understanding (F. entente); -o kordi-ala: entente cordiale.
  • inter-konsult-ar (it. intr.) to hold a consultation, deliberate together.
  • inter-kost-a (anat.) intercostal.
  • inter-kuranta (-venanta) intercurrent: intervening, coming in between.
  • inter-line-o a line between; space between (lines); -izar: to interline; (print.) to lead; -a: interlinear; -ajo, -iz-o, -iz-uro: interlineation.
  • intermez-o (theat.) intermezzo, interlude. — DEFIRS
  • inter-milit-ant-a, -o belligerent.
  • intermit-ar (intr.) to be intermittent: cease at intervals. — DEFIS
  • intern-a internal, inward, interior; -ajo: the interior, inside; -e: inwardly, internally, -eso: inwardness; -(ul)o: (fig.) boarder (in school); interne (in hospital); -erio: (fig.) boarding or private school; ministro di l’interna aferi: Minister of the Interior, Home Secretary; il esas en l’internajo di la domo: he is inside the house; de interne ad extere: form within outwards, inside out. — DEFIRS
  • inter-nacion-a international; -eso, -ismo: internationality, internationalism (doctrine); -igar: to internationalize.
  • inter-nunci-o (papal) internucio.
  • interogativ-a, -o (gram.) interrogative. Def.: La questionala partikli (adjectivi, pronomi ed adverbi). — DEFIS
  • inter-ost-a (anat.) interosseal, interosseous.
  • inter-parlo-ar (intr.) to converse.
  • interpel-ar (tr., parlm.) to interpellate: to question formally for explanation, put a question to. — DEFIRS
  • interpol-ar (tr.) to interpolate: to insert, as a spurious of foreign word or passage); (math.) to interpolate; -ajo: interpolation (word, passage), spurious passage. — DEFIRS
  • inter-pozar (tr.) to place (ulo) between, insert interpose, intercalate (a day); (cf. inter-venar, mediacar).
  • interpret-ar (tr.) to interpret; to explain what is obscure and ambiguous in a writing, construe (cf. tradukar); mis- -ar: to misinterpret, misconstrue. — DEFIS
  • inter-prim-a (nombri) prime to one another: numbers without any common divisor.
  • inter-regn-o interregnum.
  • inter-rim-ilar to rhyme together.
  • inter-rupt-ar (tr.) to interrupt: destroy the continuity of, break off, stop.
  • inter-sek-ar (tr.) to intersect.
  • inter-sequ-ar (su) to follow, succeed each other; -o: sequence; -e: consecutively, in succession; -anta: consecutive, successive.
  • inter-shok-ar to strike against one another, to run foul of each other.
  • inter-spac-o interspace, a space between places, intermediate distance.
  • interstic-o interstice. — EFIS
  • inter-temp-o meantime, interval, lapse (of time); -e: meanwhile (cf. dume).
  • inter-tropik-a intertropical: situated between the tropics.
  • interval-o (esp. mus.) interval; (cf. inter-tempo, inter-spaco). — DEFIRS
  • inter-ven-ar (intr., of persons) to intervene, interpose, interfere; (cf. inter-eventar); -o: intervention, interference, interposition; des-, ne-inter-veno: non-intervention. Ex.: Intervenar en konflikto, en disputo. Armizita interveno.
  • inter-vid-o mutual sight or view; (fig.) interview: meeting for conference; (cf. interviuvo).
  • interviuv-ar (tr.) to interview (ulu) — DEF
  • intestat-a intestate; -a hered-anto: (jur.) abintestate heir(ess). Def.: Ta qua heredis sen testamento. — DEFI
  • intestin-o intestine, gut; -ala: intestinal; -i: intestines, entrails, bowels: -o tenua: small intestine. — EFIRS
  • intim-a intimate: inmost, inward; near, close; close in friendship, familiar, bosom; -(ul)o: i. person, close friend; -eso: intimacy, -ajo: inward part, heart (of a subject); la naturo intima di kozi: the inward nature of things; la sentimenti maxim intima: the most secret sentiments; relati intima: close relations: amiko intima: intimate friend. — DEFIRS
  • inton-ar (tr., mus.) to intone; -(ad)o: (mus. and voice expression) intonation (cf. modulaco). — DEFIS
  • intoxik-ar (tr.) to poison, drug, envenom; (N.B. not E. to intoxicate with liquor; cf. ebri-igar); V. exp.: Intoxikar expresas ido plu general kam venen-izar. On povas drinkar veneno sen esar intoxikita. — DEFIRS
  • intrados-o (arch.) intrados: interior curve of an arch. — DEFS
  • intrig-ar (intr.)to intrigue: to contrive by secret artifice; make plots; scheme; -izar: to complicate, entangle by intrigues. — DEFIRS
  • intrik-ar (tr.) to tangle, entangle, embroil, implicate (ulu, en ulo); to make (ulo) intricate. — EI
  • intrinsek-a intrinsic. Ant.: extrinseka. — EFIS
  • introdukt-ar (tr.) to introduce (ulu), to bring (ulo) into notice; to preface; (cf. en-duktar, prizent-ar); -o, -uro: introducing, introduction, preamble (cf. prefaco); -ala: preliminary. Ex.: Me volas introduktar il che vu. Donar introdukto-letro ad ulu. Ca libro servos kom introdukto a la temo. — DEFIRS
  • «introitus» (R. C. Church) introit.
  • intruz-ar (tr.) to intrude, obtrude (su en ulo); to interfere, meddle; (geol.) to enter, or cause to enter, by force. — EFIS
  • intuic-ar (tr.) to know (ulo) by intuition ; -ala: intuitional; -iva: intuitive. — DEFIRS
  • intumec-ar (intr.) to intumesce: to swell. — DEFIS
  • intusucepcion-o (med., biol.) intussusception. — DEFIS
  • inul-o (bot.) elecampane (Inula). — IFL
  • inund-ar (tr., pr. and fig.) to inundate, overflow, flood, swamp. Ex.: Nil inundas la planajo. La inundo di la Romana imperio da la barbari. — EFIS
  • invad-ar (tr.) to invade. Ex.: La armeo invadis la teritorio di sua enemiki. Mala herbi invadas la gardeno. — DEFIS
  • invagin-ar (tr.) to invaginate. — DEFIS
  • invalid-a invalid: infirm, disabled; of no legal force, void, null; -(ul)o: an i.; (milit.) a soldier disabled for active service; -erio: establ. for disabled persons. — DEFIRS
  • invektiv-ar (tr.) to inveigh against; -o: invective. V.exp.: Invektivo esas nek reprimando, nek insulto, ma atako per parolo ; ol povas esar decanta ed eloquenta. La Quousque tandem esas invektivo da Cicero a Catilina. — DEFIS
  • invent-ar (tr.) to invent: find out something new (a process, a machine); -uro: an invention. — EFIRS
  • inventari-ar (tr.) to take an inventory of : to inventory; (com.) to take stock (of). — DEFIRS
  • invers-a inverse, inverted; -o, -ajo: the reverse, the contrary, opposite; (cf. reverso); -igar: to invert, reverse, to put upside down; -igo, -igeso: inversion; -e: vice-versa; raporto inversa: inverse ratio; -igar la natural ordino dil vorti en frazo; to invert the natural order of words in a sentence. — EFIS
  • invest-ar (tr.) to invest (with authority, office; cf kolokar). Def.: Provizar per ofico o titulo. — DEFIS
  • invit-ar (tr.) to invite; ask to go to some place or to do something; V. exp.: Invito esas polita prego por asistar kunveno, repasto, balo, festo, e.c. — EFIS
  • involucion-o (math.) involution; (bot.) state of being rolled spirally inward. — DEFIRS
  • involukr-o (bot.) involucre. — DEFIS
  • inyam-o (plant and rhizome) yam (genus: Dioscorea). — DEFIRS
  • iod-o (chem.) iodine; -ido: iodide. — DEFIRS
  • ion-o (phys.) ion. — DEF
  • ioni-o (chem.) ionium. — DEFIRS
  • Ioni-a Ionia; -ano: Ionian.
  • Ioni-ala Ionic: relating to Ionia; -ano: an Ionian.
  • ionik-a (arch.) ionic. — DEFIS
  • «iota» (Gr. alphabet) iota; (fig.) jot, little.
  • ips-a self (-same); -e: (by) self; -o: the same thing. Note: Ispa is ordinarily used in connection with a personal pronoun; as: me ipsa: I myself; li ipsa: they themselves; but can be used with substantives; as: la rejo ipsa: the king himself; la kozo ipsa: the thing itself; de la botelo ipsa: from the selfsame bottle; it should always be placed next to the word it modifies. Ex: La mastro inspektis ipse la domo. La mastro ipsa inspektis la domo. Il ipsa volas parolar kun me. Il pozas su ipsa avan la pordo. — L
  • ir-ar (intr., tr.) to go, be going; -o: going; passage. Note: Irar is often compounded, as: ek-irar, mis-irar, ped-irar, etc. It sometimes takes a direct object, as: li iris penigiva voyo: they went a wearisome way. Def.: Diplasar su de un loko ad altra per irga moyeno. Ex.: On iras de Paris a London, parte per fervoyo, parte per navo. — FIS
  • irac-ar (intr.) to be angry, cross (kontre); -o: anger, irritation, ire, wraith; -anta, -ema, -oza: angry, irascible, choleric, testy, cross, peevish; -igar: to anger, incense, exasperate, irritate (ulu); -eskar: to become angry, get in a temper; -emeso: irascibility; -ig-ania, -iva: exasperating, vexing. — EFIS
  • «irade» irade: decree of Sultan.
  • iradi-ar (tr.) to irradiate. Def.: Optikal fenomeno per qua la parti plu lumoza o lumizita invadas la parti min lumoza e restriktas oli. — DEFIS
  • Irak Iraq. — DEFIRS
  • Iran Iran. — DEFIRS
  • irg-a (indefinite adjective-pronoun) any (whatever): relating to something or someone indefinite (cf. ula); -o: anything (whatever); -u: anyone (no matter who); -u qua (od, irge-qua): whoever, whosoever; -e quale, irge maniere: anyhow, at any rate, no matter how; -a-loke, irg-ube: anywhere (whatever), wherever; -e-kande: no matter when, whenever; -a-tempe: at any time; -e-quant-a, -e: in any quantity; irga qua motivin vu havas por plendar: whatever reasons you may have to complain; irge quanta kurajon il manifestis: however much courage he manifested; irge quala esos la vetero: no matter what the weather is; irge quanta pekunion il havas: no matter how much money he has; irge quan lu renkontris: whomsover he met: irge quante mikra la donacajo: however small the gift. — D
  • irid-o (bot.) iris, orris, (genus: Iris). — DEFIRSL
  • iridi-o (chem.) iridium. — DEFIRS
  • irigac-ar (tr., agri.) to irrigate. V. exp.: Irigaco esas brancho di agrokultivado. Ol aquizas tota agri, farmaji, distrikti per fluigar aquo de riveri, lagi, e.c. en artificala kanali a la kultivoloko. — EFI
  • iris-o (anat.) iris; (fig.) colors of the rainbow (cf ciel-arko); -izar: to give the hues of the rainbow, become iridescent; -oza, -iz-ita: iridescent. — DEFIRS
  • irisit-o (med.) iritis.
  • irit-ar (tr. physiol.) to irritate, inflame, fret; (fig.) to annoy, exasperate. — DEFIS
  • Irland-o Ireland; -ano: Irish(man).
  • ironi-o irony; -a, -ala, -oza, -ema: ironic(al). — DEFIRS
  • irupt-ar (intr.) to invade (with great power, with large numbers); to burst (in), rush in (as enemies, or like enemies). Ex. : La barbari iruptis en la Romana imperio. Ta turbo iruptis (E. burst) en la chambro. — EFIS
  • iskemi-o ischaemia. — DEFIRS
  • islam-o Islam: the Mohammedan world, (cf Mohamed-ismo).
  • Island-o Iceland; -ano: Icelander.
  • -ism- denotes a system, doctrine, cult: social-ismo, socialism; imperial-ismo, imperialism; katolik-ismo, catholicism.
  • Israel Israel. — DEFIRS
  • -ist- denotes a person engaged permanently in some occupation, profession: botanik-isto, botanist; pord-isto, doorkeeper; dent-isto, dentist; kant-isto, a professional singer; (cf. -er-). By extension, -ista, -isto refers to the adherent of a party, system, doctrine: social-ista, -isto, socialist. Note: A merchant may be distinguished from a producer by using -vend-isto for the former and -if-isto for the latter: moblo-vendisto, a dealer in furniture; mobl-if-isto, a furniture maker.
  • istm-o (geog.) isthmus. — DEFIS
  • Istri-a Istria; -ano: Istrian.
  • (i)t-a (demonstrative adjective-pronoun; pl. iti) that, those (or «this, these» where the nearness or remoteness of an object pointed out is irrelevant; -o (obj. ton): that (thing, fact); ta soldato e lua kamarado tre konkordas pri omno: that (or this) soldier and his comrade much agree about everything. (Note: There is no form itu.) ta qua: he, she, who; to quo: that which; ti qui: those who: ta qua volas vivar felice, devas esar vertuoza: who whould live (he, she, who will live) happily should be virtuous; to quo plezas a vu maxim ofte plezas a me: what (that which) pleases you generally (most often) pleases me; after two nouns already used in pointing out objects, ita refers to the first (cf. ca); ka tu preferas ica od ita kavalo ? Ita esas plu forta, ma ica plu bela; do you prefer this or that horse ? that (one) is (the) stronger, but this (one) is (the) more handsome; nek ica ita flori plezas a me: neither these nor those flowers please me; when it is desirable to indicate the gender of the object pointed at, the forms: ilta, ilti; elta, elti; olta, olti are used; ilti qui konocas me: those (masc.) who are acquainted with me; elta quan me amas ne amas me: she whom I love does not love me; kande olca (ol) esis trovita: when it had been found; where euphony permits the «i» is omitted; as: ta, to, ti.
  • Itali-a Italy; -ano: Italian.
  • iter-ar (tr.) to iterate, reiterate, repeat; to do two or more times what one has arleady done before; (N.B. refers to all acts, not merely words); -ala: (manner) iterative, repetitious; -e: again anew, once more, over again. V. exp. vid. repetar. — EFIS
  • itinerari-o itinerary, route. Def. Voyo sequanta, sequita o sequota da ula voyajero. — DEFIS
  • -iv- added to verbal roots; has the essentially active signification: capable of, than can (do): instrukt-iva, instructive; sugest-iva, suggestive; konvink-iva, convincing. The substantive of this suffix is particularly useful in technical terms: astrikt-iva, -ivo, astrictive; nutr-iva, -ivo, nutritive; kondukt-iv-eso, conductibility. Note: This suffix differs from -anta in that -iva denotes a permanent state, -anta, a temporary condition. -iva signifies «what has naturally and essentially the property of» and consequently «what is destined for» the purpose indicated by the essential properties of the subject. For example, a substance which accidentally causes purging is not necessarily a purgative by nature (purg-iv-a, -o) but only purg-anta for the time being. A text-book can be said to be instrukt-iva even though no one studies it, but it cannot be said to be instrukt-anta unless someone reads it.
  • -ivor- -ivore. Def.: Sufixo qua signifikas “qua nutras su ye...”. — DEFIRS
  • ivor-o, -a, -ala ivory; Ivora Rivo: Ivory Coast. — EFI
  • -iz- added especially to substantive roots to form transitive verbs signifying: to cover with, supply with, furnish with, provide with, ornament with: or-izar, to cover (something) with gold, to gold-plate; arm-izar, to arm; kron-izar, to crown (somebody). Note: The comparative use of -ifar, -igar, -izar, -eskar, may be seen in the following examples: A burjono, bud, burjon-ifas produces buds or burjon-eskas, to become a bud. A saltworks sal-ifas, produces salt. The chemist salifies (sal-igas) a certain base to transform it into a salt, or we may convert ordinary water into brine by sal-igo, salification. We salt (sal-izas), or butter (butr-izas) our food to give it the proper relish, and we salt (sal-izas, put salt on) our fish to preserve them. From the intransitive verb sid-ar, be seated, we derive the transitive verb sid-igar, to seat, cause someone to sit down, and sid-eskar, to take one’s seat, (start) to sit down. The suffixes -izar, -igar have a transitive sense; -ifar and -eskar an intransitive sense.
  • izabel-a isabel(la) colored: a brownish yellow or light buff color; (of horses) light-bay. — DEFIS
  • izobar-o (phys., geog.) isobar. — DEFIRS
  • izocel-a (geom.) isosceles (triangle, etc.). — EFIS
  • izodinam-a isodiynamic. — DEFIS
  • izogam-a (biol.) isogamous. — DEFIS
  • izogon-a (geom.) isogonic. — DEFIS
  • izografik-o isography: the imititation of handwriting. — DEFIS
  • izoklin-a (geol. magnetism) isoclin-al, -ic. — DEFIS
  • izokron-a isochron-al, -ous. — DEFIS
  • izol-ar (tr.) to isolate: place apart from its environment; (elec., etc.) to insulate; -ilo, -ivo: (phys.) insulator; -ita: isolated, alone; insulated. Ex.: La domo esas en izolita loko en foresto. Egoismo izolas homo. Metal-filo izolila. — DEFIRS
  • izomer-a (chem.) isomeric. — DEFIS
  • izometr-a (geom.) isometric. — DEFIRS
  • izomorf-a isomorphic. — DEFIRS
  • izoperimetr-a isoperimetrical. — DEFIRS
  • izopler-o isoplere. — DEFIRS
  • izoterm-o isotherm. — DEFIRS
  • izotrop-a isotropic.
  • Izrael-id-o Israelite. V.exp.: On povas divenar Judo (prozelito) exemple adoptante la religio dil Judi, ma on ne povas divenar Izraelido, nam, la Izraelida stato ne plus existas, cesinte per la politikal destruckto di Ierusalem. — DEFIRS


J

  • ja (adv.) already; before or by this time or the time mentioned, even now; ja ne: not yet; (fig.) not even; lu ja arivis: he has already arrived; il ne ja arivis: he has not yet arrived; lu ja dormeskis: he has already fallen asleep; kad vu ja asistis kunsido? No, me ne ja asistis: have you as yet attended a meeting? No, I have not yet been present; Ka vu ja lektis ta libro? No, me ne ja lektis ol, me ne ja trovis la necesa tempo: Have you read that book yet (already)? No, I have not read it yet, I have not found the necessary time. Il ja ne esas kontenta: he is not yet content; Kad il ja finabis la laboro kande lua patro vizitis il? Had he already finished the work when his father visited him? V. exp.: vid. ankore. — FIL
  • jabot-o jabot: ruffle on shirt bosom; lace frill worn on woman’s bodice. — DEFR
  • jac-ar (intr.) to lie (position of persons or things living or dead); -anta: lying (ill, dead), stretched out; -eyo: layer, bed; hike jacas: here lies (ulu, ulo). — FIS
  • jad-o (min.) jade. — DEFIS
  • jaguar-o (zool.) jaguar (Felis onca). — DEFIRS
  • jakarand-o jacaranda (tree). — DEFIRS
  • jaket-o (woman’s) jacket. — DEFIRS
  • jakobin-o a Jacobin; -eso, -ismo: Jacobinism. — DEFIRS
  • jakonet-o (fabric) jaconet. — DEFIRS
  • jalap-o (bot.) jalap (esp. the Ipomoea purga). — DEFIS
  • jaluz-a jealous; -(ul)o: a j. person; -eso: jealousy. — EFI
  • Jamaik-a Jamaica; -ano: Jamaican.
  • janichar-o Janizary: Turkish infantryman. — DEFIRS
  • Jansen-ismo Jansenism; -isto: Jansenist; -ist-a, -ala: Jansenistic.
  • januar-o January. — DEFIRS
  • Japoni-a Japan; -ano: Japanese.
  • jar-o jar: large earthen jug for water, etc. — EFIS
  • jardinier-o jardinière; flower stand or receptacle for plants; a dish of mixed vegetables. V. exp.: Ne vazo, ma mobl(et)o por suportar flori o buketo. — DEFIS
  • jargon-ar (intr.) to talk jargon, gibberish, to jabber, to use unintelligible language; (cf. slango, galimatiaso). Def.: Linguo o dialekto nekorekta, ma ne esencale od intence diferanta de la ordinara linguo. Ex.: La stranjeri ne parolas la Franca, li nur jargonas. La jargono di la infanti, di la rurano. — DEFIRS
  • jasmin-o (bot.) jasmine, jassamine, (genus: Jasminum). — DEFIRS
  • jasp-o (min.) jasper; -umar: (tr.) to marble, vein (books, etc.). — DEFIS
  • Jav-a Java; -ano: Javanese.
  • javelin-o (weapon.) javelin. Def.: Speco di dardo longa e dina. — EFIS
  • jaz-o jazz. — DEFIRS
  • je-o (orni.) jay (Garrulus gandarius). — EF
  • jele-o jelly; -o de ribi, ribo-jeleo: currant j. — DEFIS
  • jelozi-o Jalousie: Venetian blind, curtain blind. Def.: Klozilo kompozita ed multa lati (lameni) superpozita, quin on povas generale inlinar per rotaco cirkum lua longesal axo, e quin on povas levar o deslevar quale kurteno, per kordo o kordono. Kande ol esas tote levita, la lati esas aplikita uni sur altri. — DEFIS
  • jem-ar (intr.) to groan, moan, to give forth a dull, low sound of grief or pain; -ar pro doloro: to groan with pain; -ar pri sua mortinta kompano: to bemoan his dead companion, — FIS
  • jemel-a, -o twin; -i: (astron.) Gemini; -a frati: t. brothers; -a liti: t. beds; tri- -i: triplets. — EFIS
  • jen-ar (tr.) to hinder the movments of the body, (of clothing, etc.) to pinch, be too tight; (fig.) to hold in constraint, prevent, hinder from doing something; -o: inconvenience, annoyance, trouble; ca shui -as me: these shoes pinch me; alta dogan-taxi jenas l’industrio: high custom dues hinder industry; lua prezenteso -as me: his presence disturbs me (he is in the way). — DF
  • jendarm-o gendarme: one of a body of military police, esp. in France. — DEFIS
  • jeneroz-a generous, open-handed, munificent, liberal (in gifts). — DEFIS
  • jeni-o (milit.) corps of engineers; -ano: e. soldier, a sapper and miner; (cf. injenioro). — DFI
  • jenjiv-o gum (of teeth). — FI
  • jenjivit-o (med.) gingivitis. — EFI
  • jenr-o (art.) genre; -o-pikt-(ad)o, -uro: ‘genre’ painting: representing scenes in common life, in opposition to history and landscape. — DEF
  • jentil-a (of character) nice, well-bred, courteous, civil; -(ul)o: gentleman (in character): a man of fine feeling. V. exp.: Jentila relatas la karaktero e la mori di persono agreabla e plezanta. Polita relatas nur l’extera formi di la sociala relati, la paroli, gesti, agad-manieri (maxim ofte konvencionala o simbolatra). — EFIS
  • jer-ar (tr.) to manage, administer, conduct (a hotel, business for an owner); -ant-eso: managership. Def.: Administrar por la profito di la proprietero, esante salariata oficisto. V. exp.: On bezonas ofte distingar tre klare l’administranto (who owns) de la jer-anto, -isto (manager), exp.: jeranto di domeno, kastelo, hotelo, teatro, lugata domi, e.c. — FIS
  • jerm-o (pr. and fig.) germ; -ifar: (intr.) to germinate, spring up, sprout; -if-igar: (tr.) to cause to germinate, sprout; -if-eyo: (brewing) malt-house; -if-anta plasmo: g. plasm; la -i di vertui, di idei: the g. of virtues, of ideas. — EFIRS
  • jerze-o jersey, sweater. — EF
  • Jesu Jesus; -Kristo: Jesus Christ.
  • jet-ar (tr.) to throw; for- -ar: to throw at a distance, throw away; (cf. lansar, spricar); -ar ombro: to t. a shadow. — FI
  • jezuit-o Jesuit. — DEFIRS
  • jibet-o gibbet. V. exp.: La objekto havas la formo di la litero Greka Γ (ne ta di la litero Π); kp. patibulo. — EF
  • jig-o (dance, tune) jig. — DEFIRS
  • jilet-o vest; waistcoat. — F
  • jilflor-o (bot.) gillyflower (Cheiranthus cheiri). — E
  • jin-o (liquor) gin. — DEFIRS
  • jinet-o (zool.) genet(te): species of civets (Viverra Genetta); a Turkish ringcurb, -bit. — DEFIS
  • jinjer-o ginger. — EFIS
  • jir-ar (intr.) to turn about, gyrate; (nav.) veer around, tack about, put about; -achar: to prowl around. V. exp.: Turnar, rotacar, jirar: La verbo turnar esas la maxim generala e suficas por l’ordinara uzado. La du altri esas teknikala. Korpo rotacas kande ol turnas cirkum axo qua trairas lu (ex. roto cirkum sua axo: to esas l’etimologiala origino di la verbo: L. rota, rotare). Korpo jiras, kande ol turnas cirkum axo o punto situita exter lu, plu o min fore (ex. veturo, navo jiras deskriptante arko di cirklo o di altra kurvo. — EFI
  • jiraf-o (zool.) giraffe, camelopard. — DEFIRS
  • jiravolt-o (horsemanship) volt right and left, quick turning. — FI
  • jok-ar (tr.. intr.) to joke, banter (ulu); to joke, jest (kun ulu, pri ulo); -ema, -oza: jocular, waggish, facetious; -ante, per jokar: by way of a joke, in jest; -ajo: a joke jest (objective); -mentio: hoax; laciva -o: broad jest, coarse joke. — EI
  • joke-o jockey. — DEFRS
  • jongl-ar (intr.) to juggle (per): to play tricks by sleight of hand. — DEFIS
  • jonk-o (Chinese) junk. — DEFIS
  • jonquil-o (bot.) jonquil (Narcissus Jonquilla). — DEFIRS
  • Jordan Jordan (river). — DEFIRS
  • Jordania Jordan (country). — DEFIRS
  • jorn-o (opp. to night) day, daylight, daytime; (cf. dio); -ar: to be daylight, daytime; -eskar: it begine to be light, day is coming; -ala: diurnal, daytime; daily; -o-mezo: midday, noon; en plena -o: in broad day (light); -o -laboro: a day’s work, day-labor; -o di ok hori: an eight-hour day; -ala labor-isto: a day worker; -ope laborar: to work by the day; -o-pago: a day’s pay. Ant.: nokto. — FI
  • jovdi-o Thursday; santa -o: Maundy T. — FIS
  • joy-ar (intr.) to be joyous, be delighted, be glad; -igar: to cause (ulu) to rejoice, to fill with joy; (cf. gay-igar); -egar: to jubilate, exult; -oza: joyful, joyous; -ema: jovial, jolly; -o-trubl-anto, -ero: (fig.) spoil-sport, damper, wet-blanket. — EFIS
  • ju-ar (tr.) to enjoy: to have a satisfaction in, feel with pleasure, revel in; -ar bona reputo: to enoy (have) a good reputation; ca homo juas la tempo prezenta sen pensar pri la futuro: this man enjoys the present without troubling himself about the future; -ar l’embaraseso di ulu: to enjoy the embarrassment of someone. — EF
  • jube-o jube: a gallery in a church containing the rood. — EF
  • jubile-ar (tr.) to celebrate the jubilee of; -o: (R. C. Church and Jewish) jubilee; 50th anniversary, golden wedding; -ata, -ato: (person) of 50 years standing. — DEFIRS
  • Jud-o, -ulo, -ino a Jew; -a, -ala: Jewish; -ismo: Judaism; la migr-anta judo: the wandering Jew; -eyo, -aro: Ghetto, jewry; (cf. Izrael-ido, Hebreo). — DEFIRS
  • judaism-o Judaism. — EFI
  • Jude-a Judea; -ano: Judean.
  • judici-ar (tr., jur.) to judge judicially (ulu, ulo); (cf. judiko); -o: trial, judgment; -eyo: court of justice; -anto, -ero, -isto: judge, justice, magistrate; -ala: judicial: relative to the court; -ist-ala: judiciary: relative to the judges; -isto, -aro: judiciary; -ist-eso: judicature, magistracy; -ebla: justiciable; -o-povo: judicial power; -isto inquest-anta: examining magistrate; havar -ala resortiso o domeno: to have jurisdiction; -ant-aro: (fig.) bench of judges; jury; -anto, -ano: juryman; (cf. juriano, jurinto); enuncar la -o: to pass sentence. Def.: Facar legala, yurala ‘judiki’. — EFIS
  • judik-ar (tr., intr.) to judge: to conclude or determine by the exercise of judgment (not legal; cf. judiciar); to exteem, deem, think; -o: judgment; logical opinion; -o-povo: faculty or power of judgment; me -as il kom honesta: I judge him to be honest; -ar segun la semblo: to judge by appearances. — EFIS
  • jugular-a (anat.) jugular. — DEFIS
  • jujub-o (fruit) jujube; -iero: j. tree (genus: Zizyphus). — EFR
  • julep-o (pharm.) julep: a sweet demulcent mixture, used as a vehicle. — DEFIS
  • juli-o July. — DEFIRS
  • julien-o julienne: a clear vegetable soup. — DEF
  • jung-ar (tr.) to put to, ‘inspan’ (as horses to a carriage), to yoke up (oxen); -o: yoking, putting in; (cf. yugo); -it-aro, -ajo: (animal, object yoked) team, yoke, pair of horses, oxen. — L
  • jungl-o jungle. — EF
  • juni-o June. — DEFIRS
  • junior-a, -o junior, younger. — EF
  • juniper-o (bot.) juniper-tree, (genus: Juniperus); -bero: j. berry. — EFI
  • junk-o (bot.) rush, cane, (genus: Juncus); -izar: to cover with rushes; to cane (chairs, etc.). — FIS
  • junt-ar (tr., material sense) to join: place one thing in contiguity to another; (of hands) to clasp; (cf. unionar) -uro, -eyo: joint, junction; -ita pedi: with feet together; -ita manui: clasped hands; -o-strek-eto: (print.) hyphen; -ar du planki per gluo: to glue two planks together; -ar alo ad la domo: to add a wing to the house; -ar du gardeni: to join two gardens. — EFIS
  • jup-o skirt (of gown); (of men) kilt; suba -o, sup-jupo: underskirt, petticoat. — FR
  • jur-ar (tr., intr.) to swear: make solemn declaration, to give one’s oath; -igar: to swear in (ulu), administer the oath to (ulu); -inta: sworn; -into: person sworn (cf. juri-ano). Ex.: Jurar dicar la verajo. Jurar fideleso ad ulu. Jurar amikeso ad ulu. — EFIS
  • juras-o, -ala (geol.) Jurassic (period or system). — DEF
  • juri-o jury; -ano: juror, juryman (cf. judik-ant-ano, jur-into). — DEFIS
  • juriskonsult-o jurisconsult: a man learned in law, esp. Civil law; a jurist; counsellor at law. — DEFIRS
  • jurisprudenc-o judicature: ordinary method which tribunals use in judging points of law; -i: precedents. V. exp.: Ne en la senco; yuro- (lego-) cienco, ma en la senco; interpretado di la legi per la verdikti di la judiciisti, o generale: maiero aplikar la legi a la partikulara kazi. — DFIS
  • jurnal-o journal, newspaper, gazette; -isto: journalist, newspaperman; -ist-eso: (profession) journalism; -ista: journalistic; -aro: the press. — DEFIS
  • jus (adv.) just: just now, this last minute, the moment just passed; -a: of a moment ago. Ex.: Vu venas tro tarde, lu jus mortis. Me jus arivis. — DEFIS
  • just-a conforming to some proper standard (N.B. not legal sense; cf. yusta); right, correct, well grounded, exact, proper (of measure, time, balance, word, thought, etc.); -eso: rightness, exactness, appositeness, propriety; esar justa: to be right (in opinion, or deed, or fact); justa-tempe: at the right time, in the nick of time, precise; ta horlojo esas -a: that clock is right; donar justa mezuro: to give the right measure; to esas tre justa dicajo: that is a very proper saying; havar ideo justa pri ulo: to have a just idea of the thing; havar justa suspekti pri ulu: to have justifiable suspicions. — EFIS
  • justif-ar to justify (text). — EFIS
  • justifik-ar to justify: prove or show to be right; to vindicate, warrant; -eble: justifiable, warrantable. Def.: Montrar ke ulu od ulo esas justa. (kp. yust-igar). — DEFIS
  • jut-o jute. — DEFIS
  • juvel-o jewel; -uyo, -buxo: j.-holder, -box; -vend-eyo, -erio: j. shop. — DEFIRS


K

  • ka(d) Question word, not always translated; in indirect questions: whether if; ka la vetero ne esas bela cadie? is the weather not beautiful to-day? kad il esas hike? is he here? me prizas savar kad il retrovenos? I would like to know whether he will come back? (N.B. whehter ... whether is translated by sive ... sive); vu esas fatigita, ka ne? you are tired, aren’t you? vu ne esas fatigita, ka yes? you aren’t tired, are you? il komencis dubitar kad il devas promulgar sua doktrino: he commenced to doubt whether he should promulgate his doctrine. — Sanscrit
  • kab-o (geog.) cape; preter-irar -o: (naut.) to double a cape; K. di Bon Espero: Cape of Good Hope; Kab-lando: Cape Colony; Kabverdo: Cape Verd. — DEFIRS
  • kabal-o (rabbinical) cabala. — DEFIRS
  • kaban-o cabin, hut; -eto: (as for rabbits) hutch; -o mont-ala: chalet. — EF
  • kabaret-o cabaret. — DEFIRS
  • kabin-o (nav.) cabin; -eto: small cabin, closet-like room, (nav.) state-room; (fig., furniture) cabinet (as for curiosities). — DEFIRS
  • kabl-o (of rope) cable, hawser (cf. kord-ego); (of wire, also elec.) cable, -eto: small cable, mooring-rope, painter; -igar, -ifar: (tr., intr.) to make a c. (out of) (ulo); -e telegrafar: to c.; -o-telegramo: cablegram. — DEFIRS
  • Kabodj-a Cambodia; -ano: Cambodian.
  • kabr-ar (intr., of animals) to rear, prance; (cf. kurbetar); -igar: to make (a horse, etc.) rear; -etar: to stand on the hind legs. Kabretar = Sideskar sur la dopa gambi, elevante le avana. — FS
  • kabriolet-o cabriolet: two-wheeled, one horse cab. — DEFRS
  • kachu-o catechu, cashoo. — DEFIR
  • kad see ka(d).
  • kadastr-o cadastre: register of real estate for taxing purposes; -izar: to make a c. of: to survey and value (lands). — DEFIRS
  • kadavr-o cadaver, corpse, dead body; -atra: cadaverous; -o march-anta: (fig.) a walking ghost; bestio- -o: carcass, carrion (of animals). — DEFIS
  • kadenc-ar (tr.) to cadence; (cf ritmizar). — DEFIRS
  • kadet-o (milit.) cadet. — DEFIRS
  • kadmi-o (chem.) cadmium. — DEFIRS
  • kadr-o frame (of a picture, looking-glass, etc.; cf. framo); (milit.) cadre: skeleton, staff (of a regiment), complement or list of officers (commissioned and non-commissioned); (fig.) outline, plan, arrangement of work, -izar: to frame (a picture, etc.). — EFS
  • kaduce-o caduceus, Mercury’s staff or wand. — DEFIRS
  • kaduk-a caducous: decaying, falling, crumbling tumble-down (of houses, etc.); decrepit, frail, worn-out (of persons, animals, health, etc.); (bot.) falling off early. Ant.: forta, yuna, robusta, vigor-oza, en bona stando. — EFIS
  • kafe-o coffee; -iero: c. tree; -taso: c. cup; -kuliero: teaspoon; -kultiv-isto: c. planter; -plantac-erio: c. plantation; tas(ed)o (de) kafeo: cup of c. — DEFIRS
  • kafein-o (chem., pharm.) caffeine. — DEFIS
  • Kafr-a, -o Kafir, Kaffir, Caffre.
  • kaftan-o caftan: a Turkish garment.. — DEFIRS
  • kagul-o a kind of monk’s cloak with cowl. Def.: Sen-manika mantelo di monakulo kun kapuco. Kapuco perforita per okulo-trui. — FS
  • kaiman-o cayman. — DEFIRS
  • kait-o kite. — E
  • kaj-o cage. — EFI
  • kak-ar (intr.) to defecate, void excrement, empty the bowels, shit. — DEFIS
  • kaka-o (beans and drink) cocoa; -iero: cacao-tree (Theobroma cacao); -butro: c. butter. — DEFIRS
  • kakatu-o (orni.) cockatoo (subfamily: Plictolophus). — DEFIRS
  • kakexi-o (med.) cachexy. — DEFS
  • kaki-a khaki. — DEFIRS
  • kakofoni-o cacophony. Def.: Desagreabla kunligo di soni, sive en parolo, sive en muziko. — DEFIS
  • kaktus-o (bot.) cactus. — DEFIRS
  • Kalabri-a Calabria; -ano: Calabrian.
  • kalam-o (ant.) a reed pen used in the East. — DFIS
  • kalamin-o (min.) calamine. — DEFIS
  • kalamit-o calamite: a gum-resin; a fossil plant. Def.: Speco de gumo (Styrax calamita); fosila planto. — DEFIS
  • kalamitat-o calamity. Ex.: La famino, la milito esas kalamitati. — DEFIS
  • kalandr-ar (tr.) to calender (paper, cloth); to mangle (household linen). — DEFS
  • kalcedon-o (min.) chalcedony. — DEFIRS
  • kalci-o (chem.) calcium. — DEFIS
  • kalcin-ar (tr.) to calcine: to oxidize (as by heat); to roast (ores). — DEFIS
  • Kalde-a Chaldea; -ano: Chaldean.
  • kaldier-o boiler (steam generator); copper: large boiler for brewing, washing, etc. Def.: Klozita vazo (apartenanta generale a vapor-mashino), en qua on boliigas aquo e konservas la vaporo sub preso. — FIS
  • kaldron-o caldron: kettle for cooking. Def.: Apertita vazo uzata en koqueyo. — EFIS
  • kalefakt-(ad)o (tech.) calefaction: warming. — DEFIS
  • kalembur-o pun, play on words; -isto: punster. Def.: Speco di vortoludo, en qua vorto o serio de vorti prizentas du senci. — DFR
  • kalend-i kalends, calends. — DEFIRS
  • kalendari-o calendar. — DEFIRS
  • kalendul-o (bot.) marigold (Calendula). — ISL
  • kalentur-o (med.) calenture: a tropical fever attributed to heat — DEFIS
  • kalesh-o calash, open barouche, open buggy. V. exp.: Kalesho, karoso: La du esas veturi kun quar roli e quar plasi, ma kalesho esas apertita, karoso esas klozita (kun plafono). Pluse, karoso esas generale suspendita per specala modo (per rimeni). — DEFIR
  • kalfat-ar (tr., nav.) to calk (a deck, etc.). — DFIS
  • kali-o (chem.) potassium; -bromo: bromide of p.; -permanganato: permanganate of p.; -nitrato: niter, p. nitrate (cf. salpetro). — D
  • kalibr-o caliber, bore (of a gun, etc.); -kompaso: callipers; -kompasagar: (tr.) to calibrate. — DEFIRS
  • kalic-o chalice, communion-cup; (bot.) calyx. Def.: Granda kupo, uzata precipue en religiala ceremonii. — EFIS
  • kalidoskop-o kaleidoscope. — DEFIRS
  • kalif-o calif, caliph. — DEFIRS
  • Kaliforni-a California; -ano: Californian.
  • kaligraf-ar (tr.) to put (ulo) into fine handwriting; -(ad)o: caligraphy. — DEFS
  • kalik-o (fabric) calico — DEFIRS
  • kalk-o lime; (chem.) calx; -oza: calcareus; -igar: to calcify; -izar: to cover with l.; -forno: lime kiln; -forn-isto: l. burner; -o kaustika: quicklime. — DEFIS
  • kalkane-o (anat.) calcaneum: the great bone of the heel. — EF
  • kalkol-o (med.) calculus: stone in bladder, kidneys, gall-ducts. — EFIS
  • kalkul-ar (tr., math.) to calculate, reckon, compute; -o: calculation; (higher math.) calculus; -eroro: error in c.; -libro: ready reckoner (book). — DEFIRS
  • kalm-a (of objects, fig. or persons) calm, unagitated, quiet, still, placid; serene (of the elements, passions, etc.); unruffled, composed, sedate (in manner and deportment); -igar: to calm; -ig-iva, -ivo: anodyne, sedative; -esko, kalma intervalo: lull. V. exp.: Kalma signifikas tote pasiva e materiala stando di kozi, qua ne movas: aero, aquo, maro kalma (t.e. ne agitata da la vento). Tranquila havas senco samtempe material e mentala, ma prefere aktiva: qui ne agitas su, ne movas su sen utileso o skopo; on dicas ad infanto: restez tranquila! on parolas pri vicini tranquila (qui ne facas bruiso). Quieta expresas stando mentala, qua plu klare definesas per lua kontreajo, desquieta. — EFIS
  • kalmar-o calamar, calamary, cuttlefish, squid, (genus: Loligo vulgaris). Def.: Genero di molusko cefalopoda kun dek brakii. — DEFIRS
  • kal-o, -ajo (also bot.) callus, callosity; (on foot) corn; -oza, -atra: callous. — EFIS
  • kalomel-o (med.) calomel. — DEFIRS
  • kalor-o (tech., physical quantity) heat; -ala, -iz-iva, -anta, -if-anta: caloric, thermic, calorific; -izar: to heat (by an apparatus); (cf. varm-igar); -iz-ilo: heat producer; (fig.) hot-air stove or pipe); -areo: heating surface. — EFIS
  • kalori-o (thermal unit) calory. Def.: Unajo di kalor-quanto. On distingas la granda kalorio, qua korespondas ad un kilogramo de aquo, e la mikra kalorio, qua korespondas ad un gramo. — DEFIRS
  • kalorik-o (hist.) caloric. Def.: Historiala koncepto di la kaloro, kom material substanco. — EFIS
  • kalorimetr-o calorimeter. — DEFIS
  • kalorimetri-o calorimetry. — DEFIS
  • kalot-o callotte; (soldier’s) rimless cap; (eccl.) skull-cap; (math.) segment of a sphere divided by a plane. — DEFI
  • kalpak-o calpac(k), busby. — DEF
  • kalqu-ar (tr.) to counter-draw: to trace (a design through transparent paper); -o-papero: tracing-paper. Def.: Kopiar desegno tra diafana papero per kontinua streki. — DFIS
  • kalson-o (pair of) drawers. — FRS
  • kalumni-ar (tr.) to calumniate; (cf. difamar, maldicensar, denigrar). Def.: Dicar mala neveraji pri ulu. — EFIS
  • kalv-a bald: having but little hair. V. exp.: Kalveso ne esas kompleta senhareso. — DFIS
  • kalvari-o Mount Calvary; a calvary: hill with a cross on top; (fig.) punishment, expiation. — DEFIS
  • kalvikord-o harpsichord, klavichord. — DEFIS
  • Kalvin-ana Calvinistic; -ano: Calvinist; -an-ismo: Calvinism. — DEFIRS
  • kalz-o stocking, hose; -eto: sock; -ego: tights (as of a ballet girl); -ifar: to make s.; -umo: a socklike shoe (without heels); -o-lig-ilo: stocking suspender; lengthwise garter (cf. gartero). — FIS
  • kam (adv.) than, as, to (in comparison, degree); (cf. tam); plu ... kam: more ... than; tam ... kam: as ... as; min . kam: less ... than; ne tam . . kam: not so ... as; me preferas ico kam ito: I prefer this to that; same ... kam: same as, in the same manner as. Ex.: El esas plu afabla kam vu. Altru kam me. Me donos a vi la sama rekompenso kam a li. Venez tam rapide kam posible. — FSL
  • kam-o (tech.) cam; -arboro: camshaft. — DEFIS
  • kamali-o (ancient armor) camail: chain mail guard for neck; a hooded cloak or mantle (esp. worn by bishops). — DEF
  • kamarad-o comrade, mate; -eso: comradeship. — DEFIRS
  • kamarili-o camarilla (clique). — DEFIS
  • kambi-ar (tr.) to exchange (money, goods), to barter (ulo por ulo); -o, -eyo, -erio: money or goods exchange; -isto: (money) exchanger; -ebla: exchangeable, convertible; -e: in exchange; -o-letro: letter of e.; -o libera od, liber-kambio: free-trade. V. exp.: Kambiar esas esence komercal ago, per qua on donas ulo por recevar altro. Omna kompro e vendo esas definitiva kambio di la kozo komprata o vendata po ula sumo de pekunio. Kambio sempre implikas du kozi e du personi. Ex.: On kambias bankobilieti po moneti. La sovaji kambias la produkturi di lia lando po vitra perli, flitraji o brilanta stofi. — IS
  • kambr-ar (tr.) to camber: make slightly convex (a piece of wood, a road, a ship’s deck, etc.); to throw out one’s chest. — EF
  • Kamchatk-a Kamchatka.
  • kame-o cameo. — DEFIRS
  • kamel-o camel. — DEFIS
  • kameleon-o (zool. and fig.) chameleon. — DEFIRS
  • kameli-o (bot.) camelia (Camellia). — DEFIRS
  • kamen-o chimney; -tubo: c. flue; korpo di -o: c. stack; -mantelo: c. piece; -skrap-ero: -isto: c. sweep. — DFIRS
  • kamer-o (photog., tech.) camera; -obskura: camera obscura.. — DEFR
  • Kamerun Cameroons.
  • kamfor-o camphor; -iz-ita: camphorated; -iero: c.tree. — DEFIRS
  • kamil-o litter, stretcher, hand-barrow; -isto: stretcher-bearer. — S
  • kamion-o dray, truck, lorry: long sideless four-wheeled, goods vehicle; -eto: small dray; two wheeled hand truck. Def.: Kargo-veturo konstitucita ek platformo sur qua on pozas la vari. — FIS
  • kamiz-o (for men) shirt; (for women) chemise; -if-isto: s. maker; nokto- -o: night s. — FIRS
  • kamizol-o camisole: (woman’s) negligee jacket; koakto- -o: straight-jacket. — DEFIRS
  • kamlot-o (fabric) camlet. — DEFIRS
  • kamomil-o (bot.) camomile (Matricaria chamomilla). — DEFIS
  • kamp-ar (intr.) to camp out, encamp; -eyo: camping place; -o-lito: c. bed; -utensili: c. utensils. V. exp.: vid. bivakar. — DEFIRS
  • Kampani-a Campania.
  • kampani-ar (intr.) to make a campaign; -(ad)o: campaign(ing). V. exp.: En la milital senco, la vorto signifikas periodo di milital operaci. Ma ol havas anke altra senci, derivata o figurala: on parolas anke pri la (tote pacoza) kampanii di navigado di maristo o di navo, kampanii di explorado, di peskado, di laborado, di propagado; kampanii ‘elektala’ di la kandidati ad elektala funcioni; kampanii di jurnali por o contre ulu od ulo, e.c. — DEFIS
  • kampanul-o (bot.) campanula, bellflower, (genus: Campanula). — DEFIRS
  • kampesh-ligno Campeachy wood, logwood. — DEFIRS
  • kamufl-ar to camouflage. — EFIRS
  • kan-o (bot.) cane, reed; -fluto: reed-pipe. — EFIS
  • Kanaan Canaan; -ano: Canaanite.
  • kanab-o hemp; -o-semino: hemp seed. — FIS
  • kanabin-o (orni.) linnet (Acanthis cannabina). — L
  • Kanad-a Canada; -ano: Canadian.
  • kanal-o canal; Kanalo: (English) Channel; -eto: channel, gutter, small trench; -igar: to canalize: make like a c.; -izar: to canalize: to provide with c.s (a field); -batelo: c. boat. — DEFIRS
  • kanali-a, -ala of the lowest class of people, rascally; -(ul)o: rascal, scoundrel, scamp; -aro: rabble, canaille, riff-raff, roughs; -eso, -ajo: blackgardism, rascality. — DEFIRS
  • kanape-o sofa; lit- -o: sofa-couch. V. exp.: vid. divano. — DFIRS
  • kanari-o (orni.) canary(-bird); Kanari-i: Canary (islands). — DEFIRS
  • kanceler-o chancellor. (N.B. not a secretary); granda -o: High C. — DEFIRS
  • kancer-o (med.) cancer (cf. karcinomo). — EFIS
  • kande (adv., conj.) when; de kande: since when? how long since? quik kande: immediately when, as soon as; kande: until when? irge kande: no matter when. Ex.: Kande vu pagos vua debaji? Irge kande me audas la uceli kantar. De kande vu lojas hike? Quik kande il envenis, ni omna levis ni polite. — FIS
  • kandel-o candle; -iero: candlestick; -festo: Candlemas. — EFIRS
  • kandelabr-o candelabrum. — DEFIRS
  • kandi-o (sugar-) candy. — DEFIS
  • kandid-a candid, frank, ingenuous; -eso: candor. Def.: (kandid-eso) Sincereso e naiveso di persono senkulpa, bonvoloza, qua ne konocas la vicio. Ant.: Disimul-ema, tromp-ema. — EFIS
  • kandidat-o candidate; -esar: to be a c. (por, pri). — DEFIRS
  • kanel-o, -aro, -iz-uro channel(ing), slot, fluting, groove (usually in form of half-circle: cf. ranuro). — DEFI
  • kanetili-o purl: a spiral of gold or silver wire used in lace work; silver wire (to cover violin strings, etc.); (milin.) wire-ribbon. — DFIRS
  • kanguru-o (zool.) kangaroo. — DEFR
  • kanibal-a, -o cannibal, man-eater; -eso, -ismo: cannibalism, anthropophagy. — DEFIRS
  • kanikul-o the dog days (22nd July to 23rd Aug.); (astron.) Canicula: the Dog Star; -ala: canicular. — EFIS
  • kanin-a (dento): canine (tooth). — EFIS
  • kankr-o crawfish, crayfish (family Astacidae); (astron.) Cancer, The Crab.
  • kankroid-o cancroid. — DEFIRS
  • kano-o (wooden) canoe: light and shallow boat shart at both ends (as used for pleasure). Def.: Pirogatra kanoto kun pintatra extremaji, facita ek dina ligno, movanta ordinare per pagayi. — DEFIS
  • kanon-o (milit.) cannon; (eccl.) canon, rules; -aro: (milit.) artillery; -agar, -pafar: (tr.) to cannonade; -pafo: c. shot; -obuso: c. ball, shell; -isto: gunner; -yur-isto: (eccl.) canonist; -al-eso: canonicity; -batelo: gun-boat, -vish-ilo: (artil.) sponge, wiper; -acend-ilo: quick-match. — DEFIRS
  • kanonik-o canon, prebend (of a cathedral); -aro: chapter. — DEFIRS
  • kanoniz-ar (tr.) to canonize (as a saint). — DEFIS
  • kanot-o punt, skiff, yawl, wherry; -o granda: long-boat, barge, cutter; (cf. barko, kanoo, pirogo); -agar: to go boating. Def.: Mikra batelo senferdeka, movata per remili, segli, motori, e ordinare uzata en maral aqui. — FIS
  • kanson-o song: ballad, ditty, carol, glee; (cf. kanto). — FIS
  • kant-ar (tr.) to sing, carol, (of birds) to warble, (of a cock) to crow; (as in churches) to chant; -etar: to hum (a tune); -era ucelo: songster (of birds). — DEFIS
  • kantabil-o cantabile: an easy, flowing melody. — DEFIS
  • kantarel-o (bot.) chanterelle: an edible mushroom (Cantharellus cibarius).. — DEFSL
  • kantarid-o (ent.) cantharis, Spanish-fly, blister-beetle (Cantharis vesicatoria); -i: (also pharm.) cantharides. — DEFIRS
  • kantat-o (mus.) cantata. — DEFIRS
  • kantik-o (mus.) canticle. — DEFIS
  • kantilen-o cantilena: a simple sentimental melody. Def. Speco di kansono, anciena o lamentema. — DEFIRS
  • kantin-o canteen: refreshment place for soldiers, workers, etc. — DEFIS
  • kanton-o canton: a district, as in Switzerland. — DEFIRS
  • kantor-o cantor: a chorister, chanter, singer; esp. the leader of a church choir; a porcentor. — DEFIRS
  • kanul-o (surg.) canula, drainage tube (for wounds), enema-pipe; (in gen.) pipe or nozzle (of a syringe). — DEFIS
  • kanvas-o canvas. — DEFIRS
  • kaolin-o kaolin: porcelain clay. — DEFIRS
  • kaos-o (pr. and fig.) chaos. — DEFIRS
  • kap-o (anat. and fig.) head; -ala: relating to h., cephalic; -o avane: headlong, headforemost; -nuda: bareheaded; -doloro: headache; -kuseno: pillow; -turn(ad)o: giddiness; -lejer-a, -o: light-headed (person); -rupto: headbreaking; -vesto: head-gear; -o sen-cerebra: a brainless head; sen- -a: head-less; kap-kaulo: headed cabbage (Brassica oleracea capitata); -tuko: kerchief; -tranch-ar: (tr.) to behead. — ISL
  • kapabl-a able (to do, to execute), capable; (cf. kompetenta, apta, suffix -iv-); V. exp.: vid. habila. Ant.: ne-povanta, ne-potenta, ne-kapabla. — DEFIS
  • kapac-a able (to contain, to hold); -(es-oz)a: capacious, spacious; -eso: capacity; krugo kapaca de lu litri (o, krugo kun kapaceso de du litri): a mug of two litres capacity; tre kapac(esoz)a navo: a very capacious ship. — DEFIS
  • Kapadoci-a Cappadocia.
  • kape-ar (intr., nav.) to lie to. — FIS
  • kapel-o chapel; -isto, -estro: chaplain. — DEFIS
  • kapelin-o sun-bonnet: hood to shade head and neck from sun. — FIRS
  • kaper-o (bud) caper; -iero: caper (-shrub) (genus: Capparis); -sauco: c. sauce. — DEFIRS
  • kapilar-a (phys.) capillary; -eso: capillarity; -ag(ad)-o: c. action; -a tubo, vaskulo a c. — DEFIRS
  • kapistr-o (surg.) head bandage for fracture of lower jaw. — DFIS
  • kapital-o (fin.) capital; -isto, -iero: capitalist; -ala, -ista, -ism -ala: capital, capitalistic; -ismo: capitalism; -igar: to capitalize. — DEFIRS
  • kapitan-o (milit., naval) captain; -eso: (dignity, position) captaincy, captainship. — DEFIRS
  • kapitel-o (arch.) capital. — DEFIRS
  • kapitul-o (anat., bot.) capitulum; (rel.) ‘capitule:’ a short prayer. — DEF
  • kapitulac-ar (intr., milit.) to capitulate. — DEFIRS
  • kapon-o capon. — DEFIRS
  • kaponier-o (fort.) caponiere, caponiere. — DEFIRS
  • kaporal-o (milit.) corporal: squad leader. — DEFIR
  • kapot-o overcoat: storm or heavy coat (as worn by soldiers: cf. gabano, surtuto) (nav.) hood: a cover for a companion hatch, engine, etc.; (engine) bonnet; (auto.) hood. — DEFIRS
  • kapr-o, -ulo, -ino goat; -o-gard-isto: g. herd; -o-yun-ala ganti: kid gloves; -o-salto: leap-frog. Def.: (Kapro-salto) Salto per qua unu saltas super la dorso di altru plu o min inklinita. — FIS
  • kapreol-o, -ulo, -ino roe-deer (Cervus capreolus). — IL
  • kapric-o caprice, whim; -oza, -ema: capricious; me havis kaprico por ta muliero: I had a fancy, a caprice for that woman; la kaprici di la modo: the caprices of fashion. — DEFIRS
  • kaprifoli-o (bot.) honeysuckle (genus: Lonicera). — DIR
  • kaprikorn-o (astron.) Capricorn. — EFIS
  • kaprimulg-o (orni.) goatsucker (Caprimulgus europaeus). — IL
  • kapriol-ar (intr.) to caper, cut capers; (cf. kabrar); -o: capriole: a leap, caper (as in dancing), a leap that a horse makes with all fours without advancing. — DEFIRS
  • kapstan-o (tech.) capstan. — DEFS
  • kapsul-o (bot., anat., pharm., tech.) capsule; (fire-arms) percussion-cap. — DEFIRS
  • kapt-ar (tr.) to capture: catch hold of, gripe, snatch; (cf. sizar, prenar); -ajo: prize, prey, booty; -at(ul)o: captive, prisoner; -it-eso: captivity, bondage; -ilo: trap, snare; -ar ye la kolumo; to collar (ulu). — EFIS
  • kaptac-ar (tr.) to inveigle: to obtain by underhand manoeuvers or bribery or ruse, to captivate (in an ill sense); testamento obtenita per kaptaco: will obtained by intrigue or undue influence; -o-laco, -slingo:snare. Ex.: Kaptacar la fido, la heredajo di ulu. — FS
  • kapuc-o (person’s) hood, cowl; -izar: to hood, put cowl on. — DFIRS
  • kapucin-o a Capuchin (friar monk); -alajo: (fig.) a dull sermon. — DEFIRS
  • kar-a, -o, -ulo, -ino dear (affection: cf. chera). — FIS
  • karab-o (ent.) carabus, carabid (genus: Carabidae). — EFIS
  • karabin-o carbine: short rifle; -iero: carbineer; -hoko: c. hook, snap-hook, swivel-hook. — DEFIRS
  • karaf-o carafe, decanter (for wine, water, etc. at table). — DEFIS
  • karakal-o (zool.) caracal (Lynx caracal). — DEFIRS
  • karakol-ar (intr.) to caracole. — DEFIS
  • karakter-o (distinctive quality of a person or thing) character; -izar: to characterize; -iz-iva, -iz-ivo, -uro: characteristic, specification. Ex.: il esas homo di alte etikal karaktero. Ol havas la karaktero distingiva di la vereso (E. it has the distinctive character (characteristic or stamp) of truth; Tala ago bone karakterizas mea amiko. La karakterizivi di morbo. Karakteriziva signo. — DEFIRS
  • karakteristik-o (math., logarithms) characteristic. — DEFIS
  • karambol-ar (intr.) to make a cannon (at billiards). — DFIRS
  • karamel-o caramel, burnt sugar (confection). — DEFRS
  • karasin-o crucian, a carplike fish (Carassius vulgaris); -orea: goldfish (Carassius auratus). — L
  • karat-o carat: part or weight of precious stones or gold. — DEFIRS
  • karavan-o caravan. — DEFIRS
  • karavanseray-o caravansary, inn. — DEFIRS
  • karavel-o (naut. hist.) caravel. — DEFIRS
  • karb-o (chem.) carbon; -ala, -oza: carbonaceous, carbonic; -ido: carbide; -ato: carbonate; -o-bioxo, -at-acido: carbondioxide, carbonic acid. V. exp.: L’Akademio adoptis karbono en la vulgara senco e karbo por la kemial elemento. — DEFIS
  • karbon-o coal (cf. karbo); -oza: full of c., carboniferous; -igar: to make into or change to coal; -izar: to cover with c.; (fig.) to besmut; ter-, min- -o: pit-coal; ligno- -o: charcoal; -fairo: c. fire; -fumo: c. smoke: -gaso: c. gas; -min-eyo, -erio: c. mine; -pulvero: c. dust; -vend-isto: c. dealer; -ifar, -eskar: to be charred, smolder (of wicks). — EFIS
  • karbonar-o (Ital. hist.) carbonaro. — DEFIRS
  • karbonari-o (ich.) coal-fish, pollack, (Gadus, carbonarius, Pollachius carbonarius). — L
  • karbunkl-o (gem and ulcer) carbuncle. — DEFIRS
  • karbur-ar (tr.) to carburet, carburize, carbonize.
  • karburator-o (autom.) carburetor.
  • karcer-o prison, gaol, jail; -ano: prisoner; -gard-isto: prison guard, warden; -o stat-ala: state’s p.; -o-celul-o (sub-tera): dungeon; (milit.) black-hole. — DEFIRS
  • karcinom-o (med.) carcinoma, cancer (cf. kancero). — DEFIS
  • kard-ar (tr.) to card (wool). — DEFIRS
  • kardamom-o (bot.) cardamon (Eletaria cardamomum, an species of Amomum). — DEFIRS
  • kardan-o Cardan joint, universal joint. — DEFIRS
  • kardel-o (orni.) goldfinch (Carduelis elegans, C. fringella). — FIL
  • kardinal-a (math. and fig.) cardinal; -a nombro: c. number; -a punto: c. point; -vertuo: c. virtue. — DEFIS
  • kardinal-o (prelate) cardinal; -ea: c. colored; -eso: cardinalate; -bireto: cardinal’s cap; -chapelo: c. hat. — DEFIRS
  • kardioid-o (math.) cardioid. — DEFI
  • kardiologi-o cardiology. — DEFIRS
  • kardon-o (bot.) thistle; sen- -igar: to clear of thistles. — DFIS
  • kare-ar (tr.) to do without (involuntarily), to dispense with (from necessity); to make shift without; -ebla: dispensible: wanted but not needed; -ajo: something wanted but which one has not or cannot have now. V. exp.: Me indijas ulo = to mankas a me, e me bezonas ol; me kareas ulo = to mankas a me, e me ne bezonas ol: me povas esar (agar, vivar) sen ol. Me facile kareas drinkar kande me kelke durstas. Me ne povas karear fairo en vintro. Me ne povas karear dormo. En voyajo on devas karear multa kozi. (kp. abstenar). — L
  • karel-o (square) slab, tile, plaque, plate; (in cards) diamond; -izar: to pave (a surface with tiles, bricks, etc.); -atra, -oza: tesselated. — FI
  • karen-o lower hull, ship’s bottom (part under water). V. exp.: Kareno signifikas ne nur la kilio, ma la tota surfaco di navo, qua esas imersita. — FIS
  • karesm-o Lent; mez- -o: Mid-Lent; praktikar la -o: to keep L. — FIS
  • karez-ar to caress: fondle with affection; -achar: to fawn upon, cajole, wheedle. Ex.: Karezar infanto. La zefiro karezas la flori. Karezachar oldulo por igar il facar sua testamento. — EFIS
  • karg-ar (tr.) to load (goods); (N.B. not to load a vehicle): -ajo: load, cargo, freight, burden; -o-batelo: lighter, barge; -o-kavalo: pack-horse; -o-letro: way-bill, bill of lading; -o-selo: pack-saddle; -o-vertur-isto: drayman. Ex.: Kargar vari sur veturo. Kargajo di navo. V. exp.: vid. chargar. — EFIS
  • kari-ar (intr., med.) to have caries, to have decay or rot of teeth; (of wheat) to be smutly; -inta dento: a decayed tooth; -inta arboro: rotten tree. — DEFIS
  • kariatid-o (arch.) caryatide. Def.: Hominala figuro, qua servas kom suportilo: (cf. atlanto). — DEFIS
  • karibu-o (zool.) caribou; (cf. rentiro). — DEF
  • karic-o (bot.) carex (carices): sedge. — EFIS
  • karier-o (profession, trade) career; la -o di militisto: the military c., profession of arms; leg-ala -o: legal c. or profession. — DEFIRS
  • karik-o box-coat; coat with long cape or serveral short ones. — DF
  • karikat-ar (tr.) to caricature; -uro: a c. — DEFIS
  • Karinti-a Carinthia.
  • kariofil-o (bot.) clove. — L
  • karism-o charisma. — DEFIRS
  • karitat-o charity: spiritual benevolence (N.B. not alms; cf. almono). — EFIS
  • karkamin-o (bot.) cardamine: bittercress, land-cress; -o prat-ala: lady’s smock, cuckoo flower: the common buttercress. — DEFIS
  • karlin-o (bot.) carline thistle (genus Carlina). — EFISL
  • karmelit-o Carmelite friar. — DEFIRS
  • karmenin-o carmine; -ea, -reda, -atra: c. colored. — DEFIRS
  • karmerling-o camerlingo (papal officer). — DEFIRS
  • karmezin-a, -o crimson. — DEFIRS
  • karn-o flesh, meat; -ea: f. colored, rosy; -ajo: a fleshy object, a piece of meat; -ala: of the flesh; carnal; -vend-eyo: butcher’s establ.; -oza: fleshy, brawny; -o-manj-ant-a, -o; -o-avida: flesh-eat-ing; -er; fond of meat; (cf. karnivora); -ifar, -igar: (intr., tr.) to produce, to make flesh (on); -eskar: to become fleshy; -o-fum-iz-ado: smoke-drying beef; -o-reda: blood-red, carnation (color); -o-vermo: maggot. — DEFIS
  • karnacion-o carnation: flesh-tint, complexion. Ex.: Ica koloro ne konvenas a mea karnaciono. La karnacioni en ica pikturo (protreto) esas tre natural. — DEFIS
  • karnaval-o carnival. — DEFIRS
  • karnivor-a, -o carnivorous (animal). — DEFIS
  • karonad-o (artil.) carronade. Def.: Speco di navala kanono (anciena). — DEFIRS
  • karos-o coach: a large closed carriage; ornamental coach (for state occasions). V. exp.: vid. kalesho. — DFIS
  • karot-o (bot.) carrot (plant and root). — DEFI
  • karotid-a, -o carotid (artery). — DEFIS
  • karp-o (anat.) carpus: wrist; (ich.) carp (Cyprinus carpio); -ala: (anat.) carpal. — DEF
  • Karpati Carpathian (mountains).
  • karpent-ar (tr.) to work timber, do carpenter work. V. exp.: La karpentisto facas nur grosa laboruri ek ligno, generale por domi e konstrukturi. La menuzisto facas plu mikra laboruri, konseque plu preciza e delikata, exemple por mobli, parqueti, eskaleri, e.c. La ebenisto juste plakizas ebono(-plaki) sur mobli, tabli, e.c., ma per extenso on povas uzar ica vorto por plak-laboristo en altra ligno kam ebeno, en senco simila a menuzisto. — EFIS
  • karpin-o (bot.) hornbeam(-tree), (genus: Carpinus). — ISL
  • kart-o a card; -uyo: c. case: intermixar la -i: to shuffle the c.s; pozar la -i: to lay down the c.s. — DEFIRS
  • kartam-o (bot.) safflower (Carthamus tinctorius). — FISL
  • kartamin-o (chem.) carthamin(e): red-coloring matter from safflower. — DE
  • kartav-ar (intr.) to pronounce one’s r’s gutterally; -o: (Northumbrian) burr. — R
  • kartel-o cartel: letter of defiance or challenge, as to a duel. — DEFS
  • karter-o (autom.) crank-case, motorcover; (bicycle) chain-case. — FIRS
  • kartezian-a Cartesian; -diablo, plunjanto: (phys.) C. Devil or diver, bottle-imp; (cf. ludiono). — DEFIS
  • kartilag-o (anat.) cartilage, gristle. — EFIS
  • kartoch-o cartridge; -uyo: c. holder, -box: -if-erio: c. making establ. — DEFIRS
  • kartografi-o cartography. — DEFS
  • kartomanci-o cartomancy; -isto: fortuneteller (by cards). Def.: Speco di divinado, predicado per ludkarti. — DEFIS
  • karton-o cardboard, pasteboard; -buxo, -kesto: carton (box); -izar, -bindar, -kovrar: to put up in cartons (ulo), to bind in boards (books). — DEFIRS
  • kartush-o (arch.) cartouch(e): a scroll shaped ornament. — DEFIRS
  • kartuzi-o Carthusian convent, -liquoro: chartreuse; -ano: C. Friar. — DEFIRS
  • karub-o (bot.) carob-bean; -iero: c. tree (Ceratonia siliqua). — DEFIS
  • karunkl-o (med., bot.) caruncle. — DEFIS
  • karusel-o carrousel: tilting tournament. — DEFIS
  • karvi-o caraway. — EFIS
  • kas-o coffer, till, cash-box, treasury; -isto, -ero: cashier, paymaster, treasurer; -erio: treasury (establ.); kontar sua kaso: to make up the cash account.: -o-stando, en-kasa sumo: cash in hand. — DEFIRS
  • kasac-ar (tr.) to quash, annul, reverse, to declare null and void, to invalidate; korto di -o: (in France) court of cassation (the supreme court of appeal); -ar testamento: to quash a will; -ar mariajo: to annul a marriage. — DEFIRS
  • kaset-o cassette. — DEFIRS
  • kashalot-o cachalot: sperm whale. — DEFIRS
  • Kashmir Cashmere, Kashmir.
  • kashmir-o (fabric) cashmere; -shalo: c. shawl. — DEFIRS
  • kasi-o (fruit) cassia; -iero: c. tree. — DEFIS
  • kasis-o (fruit) black currant; -iero: b.c. bush or tree; -liquoro: b.c. cordial. — FIS
  • kask-o helmet, casque. — EFIRS
  • kaskad-o (pr. and fig.) cascade. — DEFIRS
  • kason-o caisson: under-water cofferdam; cradle to lift ships from the water; (cf. municiono-furgono). — DEFI
  • Kaspi-a Caspian (sea).
  • kasquet-o (for men or boys) cap with visor (as golf-cap, naval officer’s cap, etc.). — F
  • kasrol-o saucepan, stewpan, skillet; (chem.) casserole. — DEFIRS
  • kast-o caste: class of society. — DEFIRS
  • kastan-o chestnut (edible nut); -iero: c. tree (genus: Castanea); kaval- -iero: horse-c. (Aesculus hippocastanum); -ea, -bruna: c. colored cf. marono). — DFIRSL
  • kastanyet-o, -i (mus.) castanet(s). — DEFIS
  • kastel-o castle; avana -o: (nav.) forecastle; dopa -o: (nav.) poop. — DEFIRS
  • Kastili-a Castile; -ano: Castilian.
  • kaston-o bezel (of a ring). — FI
  • kastor-o (zool.) castor: a beaver (genus: Castor); -chapelo: a beaver-hat; -drapo: beaver-cloth. — EFIS
  • kastr-ar (tr.) to castrate, geld. — DEFIRS
  • kat-o, -ulo, -ino cat, -eto, -yuno: small cat, kitten; genit-uro di katino: litter of kittens. — DEFIS
  • katafalk-o catafalque. — DEFIRS
  • kataklism-o cataclysm. Def.: Irga subverso di la teral surfaco per granda fenomeno: inundo, tertremo, erupto. — DEFIS
  • katakomb-o catacomb. — DEFIRS
  • katakrez-o (rhet.) catachresis. — DEFIS
  • katalepsi-o catalepsy; -ika, -iko: cataleptic (person). — DEFIRS
  • kataliz-ar (tr., chem.) to catalyse; -o: catalysis; -ivo: catalytic. — DEF
  • katalog-o catalogue; -izar: to c. V. exp.: vid. avizo. — DEFIRS
  • katalp-o (bot.) catalpa(-tree) (genus: Catalpa). — DEFIS
  • Kataluni-a Catalonia; -ano: Catalonian.
  • katamaran-o catamaran (boat). — DEFIRS
  • kataplasm-o (med.) cataplasm: a poultice. — DEFIRS
  • katapult-o catapult. — DEFIRS
  • katar-o (med.) catarrh; -eto: a cold; -ala, -oza, -ika, -iko: catarrhal; donar katar(et)o ad (ulu): to give a cold to; kapt-esar da katar(et)o: to catch cold. — DEFIRS
  • Katar Qatar. — DEFIRS
  • katarakt-o cataract (blindness and waterfall). — DEFIRS
  • katastrof-o catastrophy (cf. kalamitato, kataklismo). Ex. L’erupto di Vesuvius esis granda katastrofo. — DEFIRS
  • katedr-o desk (of a professor); pulpit (in a church); ek (la) katedro: (fig.) ex cathedra (L.), openly; avowedly, professedly. — DFIRS
  • katedral-o cathedral. — DEFIRS
  • kategori-o category. — DEFIRS
  • kategorik-a categorical. — DEFIRS
  • katekism-o (book) catechism; -ero: catechist (cf. katekiz-ero). — DEFIRS
  • katekiz-ar (tr.) to catechize; -ero: catechist. Def.: Docar la katekismo; instruktar ulu per questioni et respondi pri la precipua punti di (Kristana) religio. — DEFIS
  • katekumen-o catechumen. — DEFIRS
  • katen-o (pr. and fig.) chain; -izar: to c. up (ulu, ulo); -igar: to link together, connect; -if-isto: c.maker; -kurvo: (arch.) catenary arch; -ringo: c. link; -masho: c. mesh; -o di la eventi: c. of events; -igo: concatenation. — EIS
  • katenoid-a catenoide (math.) — ES
  • katet-o (geom.) cathetus. — DEFS
  • kateter-o (surg.) catheter. — DEFS
  • katgut-o (surg.) catgut. — DEFIRS
  • kation-o (chem.) cation. — DEFIRS
  • katis-ar (tr.) to give a gloss, a luster to (cloth, by hot or cold pressing). — DF
  • katod-o (elec.) cathode. — DEFIRS
  • katolik-a, -o Catholic; -aro: Catholics (collect.); -eso: Catholicity; -ismo: Catholicism. — DEFIRS
  • katoptrik-o (opt.) catoptrics; (cf. dioptriko). Def.: Teorio di la speguli (omnaspeca) ed optikal instrumenti kompozita ek speguli. — DEFIRS
  • kauchuk-a, -o caoutchouc: India-rubber. — DEFIRS
  • kaucion-o (jur.) surety, bail, security, caution; -sumo: s. money; -izar: to stand bail or go surety for (ulu); (cf. garantiar); liber-igar ulu per -o: to liberate on bail. — DEFIRS
  • kaud-o (also fig.) tail; train (of a gown); -ala: caudal; -agar, -agitar: to wag or switch the tail; sen- -a: tailless; -port-ero: train-bearer. — EFIS
  • Kaukaz-o Caucasus.
  • Kaukazi-a Caucasia; -ano: Caucasian.
  • kaul-o cabbage (Brassica oleracea); -rapo: kohlrabi (B. o. caulorapa); -o-supo: c. soup. — DL
  • kaustik-a caustic; (chem.) burning, corrosive; (fig.) biting, stinging, satirical (language, etc.); -a kalko: c. lime, quick-lime; -o: (math.) caustic curve; -ajo: a c. substance. — DEFIS
  • kauter-o (surg.) cautery; -izar: to cauterize. — DEFIS
  • kauz-o cause: that which produces an effect; -ala, -ig-anta: causal, causative; -eso: causality; nula efekto sen kauzo: no effect without a c.; prima -o: primary c. Ant.: efekto, rezult-ajo, konsequant(aj)o. — DEFIS
  • kav-a hollow, sunken; -o, -ajo: (natural) hollow, cavity, -igar: to h. out, scoop out (by natural causes cf. exkavar); arboro -a: a h. tree, dento -a: h. tooth; -a okuli, vangi: h. eyes; sunken cheeks; la pluvi kavigis la tero: the rains hollowed out the ground. — EFIS
  • kaval-o horse, steed; (at chess) knight; -ala: equine; -ulo: stallion; -ino: mare; -acho: hack; -isto: horse-man; -eyo, -stablo: stable; -(eduk)erio: stud; -fako: h.stall, box; -feko: h.dung; -fer-isto: farrrier, h.shoer; -karno: h. meat; -krino: h. hair; -o bankard-ala: wheeler; -pedo: foot of a h.; -povo: (mechan.) h. power; -raso: h. family; -serv-isto, -sorg-isto: groom, ostler; -stulo: pannier -leg-ilo, -reto: covering for a h.: -vend-isto: h. dealer. — DEFIRS
  • kavalier-o knight; -ala, -atra: chivalrous, knighthly; -eso, -aro: knighthood, chivalry. — DEFIRS
  • kavalk-ar (tr.) to ride (as on a horse); -ant-aro: cavalcade; -ero, -isto: horseman, equerry; -ala: equestrian; -o-doc-isto: riding master; -e: astride; -bloko: h. block. Ex.: Kavalkar kavalo, asno. La sorcistini kavalkas bastoni. Sidar kavalke (E. astride) sur benko. — EFIRS
  • kavalri-o (milit.) cavalry; -ano: cavalryman. — DEFIRS
  • kavatin-o (mus.) cavatina. — DEFIRS
  • kavern-o cavern, cave; -ano: inhabitant of a c. (cf. troglodito); -ala, -oza: cavernous (of caves); -atra: cavernous, hollow (of sounds). — EFIRS
  • kaviar-o caviare. — DEFIRS
  • kay-o quay; (R.R.) platform. Def.: Rivo masonita et vertikal (alonge rivero, lago et metafore la senco fervoyala), qua posibligas l’embarko o desembarko di personi, vari, o por charjar e descharjar navi. — DEF
  • kayak-o kayak. — DEFIRS
  • kayen-o cayenne. — DEFIS
  • kayer-o blank-book: a few sheets of paper stiched together and covered with a wrapper. — F
  • kaz-o (jur., gram., med. and general) case (N.B. not casing); -e ke: (conj.) in case (that); -o (o, questiono) di koncienco: a case of conscience; -o di pendigo: a hanging matter; segun la -o: according to the case; omna-kaze (o, -supoze): in any case; ta-kaze: in that case; nul-kaze: in no case; en omna kazo: in any case, in any event; ni prenos nia parapluvi, kaze ke pluvo rikomencus: we will take our umbrellas in case it may rain; preparez la chambro por la kazo ke il venus: prepare a room in case he should come; en la kazo ke il venos, enduktez il: in case he comes, show him in. — DEFIRS
  • kazak-o cassock: a large sleeved coat formely worn by soldiers; (woman’s) long jacket (for outdoor wear); -eto: (woman’s) short jacket; (cf. sutano). — DFIRS
  • kaze-o (o, krem-kazeo): cream cheese (cf. fromajo); -altra: caseous; -ifar: to make c.. — DEFIRS
  • kazein-o casein. — DEFIRS
  • kazemat-o (fort.) casemate. — DEFIRS
  • kazern-o barrack (for soldiers); en-kazern-igar: to quater troops in b.s. — DFIRS
  • kazimir-o (fabric) cassimere, kerseymere. — DEFIRS
  • kazin-o casino: assembly room for cardplaying, etc. — DEFIRS
  • kazual-a contingent, casual, fortuitous, precarious; -o: a contingent thing (as, a prequisite, extra salary, etc.); -a ofico: office held during pleasure; -a revenui: incidental revenues; la kazuali di la paroko: the casual income or fees of the vicar. Def.: Hazard-ala, acident-ala acesora. — DEFIS
  • kazuar-o (orni.) cassowary (genus: Casuaris). — DEFIRSL
  • kazuist-o casuist (in case of conscience). — DEFIRS
  • kazuistik-o casuistry: science or doctrine of right and wrong; -acha: sophistical. — DEFIRS
  • ke (conj.) that (where it unites a clause with the principal sentence; it is often united with prepositions to form subordinating conjunctions): pro ke: because; por ke: in order that (followed by imperative); dum ke: while, during the time that; pos ke: after; til ke: until; de ke: because, from (with participle); depos ke, de kande ke: since; kontre ke: while (contrast); malgre ke: notwithstanding that; per ke: thru the fact that; segun ke: accoding to whether; sen ke: without (with participle); ultre ke: besides that; vice ke: instead that: (ke is likewise joinded with adverbs); tale ke: so that, in such a way that; tante ke: so much that; tante longe ke: so long that; tante ofte ke: so often that; tante plu...ke: all the more so as; kase ke: in case (that); kondicione ke: on condition (that); unfoye ke: once (that).; omnafoye ke: every time that; supoze ke: supposing that; time ke: for fear that. — FIS
  • kegl-o skittle; ninepin; -aro: a set of skittles or ninepins; -eyo, -sulo: bowling-alley, s. ground; ludar per -i: to play s.s. — DFR
  • kel-o (tech.) (wedge-) key, peg, cotter-pin, linch-pin, gib; -agar, -izar: to fasten with a pin. — D
  • keler-o cellar. — DEF
  • kelk-a, -i (quantifying adjective-pronoun) some, a few, a little: indicates an indeterminate but not large number, quantity or degree; (cf poka); -o: something; -u: somebody, someone; -eto: a little bit; -a-foye: sometime; -a-tempe: sometimes; -a-loke: somewhere, in some parts or, or some place; me esas kelke fatigita: I am somewhat tired; donez a me kelka pano: give me some bread; lu esas kelke maladeta: he is somewhat sick; me vartis ilu dum kelka tempo: I waited some time for him. Def: Nedeterminita (tamen negranda) nombro, o quanto, o grado. V. exp.: Kelka, poka: On povas uzar kelka por indikar plu granda nombro (o, quanteso) kam poka. Ex.: La mediko dicas a sua kuracato: ‘Vu drinkas tro multa biro. (1) Vu darfas drinkar kelka (t.e. negranda quanto, forsan tri o quar glasi singladie). (2) Vu darfas drinkar poka (t.e. mikra quanto, forsan nur un glaso de biro).’ La signifiki di la sama radiki kelkafoye (pokafoye) tote diferas en la Angla de la Franca (en ca frazo, kelkafoye signifikas preske ofte, relative ofte; pokafoye signifikus preske nultempe, relative des-ofte (E. rarely). — F
  • kemi-o chemistry; -ala: chemical; -isto: chemist (N.B. not a druggist). — DEFIRS
  • kenel-o (cook.) quenelle: a forcemeat ball. — EF
  • kepi-o kepi: milit. cap worn by French soldiers. — DEFIRS
  • keratin-o ceratin(e), keratin.
  • keri-o curry. — DEFIRS
  • kerl-o fellow, chap, (N.B. this word carries no proper moral valuation and is not used as an insult). — D
  • kermes-o, -i (ent.) kermes; (genus: Kermes). — DEFIRS
  • kern-o kernel, stone (of fruits); core (of statues, etc.); -eto: pip; -oza: full of kernels. — DE
  • kerosen-o kerosene (cf. nafto, petrolo).
  • kerub-o cherub. — DEFIRS
  • kest-o packing-case, box, chest (of tea, soap, etc.); case (of wine, etc.); (cf. kofro, buxo); -eto: small case; (fig.) (small) casket.
  • «khan» khan: (title and caravansary).
  • «khedive» khedive.
  • Khiv-a Khiva.
  • kidnap-ar to kidnap. Def.: Raptar infanto o homo, generale por postular ransono. — EF
  • kik-ar (intr.) to kick (out behind, of horses, and other animals); (cf. pedo-frapar); -ema, -era: kicker (tendency). — E
  • kili-o (ship’s, boat’s) keel. — DEFIS
  • kilogram-o kilogram (2.2 lbs). — DEFIRS
  • kilogramo-metro kilogrammeter (unit of energy or work). — DEFIRS
  • kilolitr-o kiloliter (220 galls). — DEFIRS
  • kilometr-o kilometer (0.62 mile). — DEFIRS
  • kilson-o (nav.) keelson. — DER
  • kilt-o kilt. — DEFIR
  • kimer-o (pr. and fig.) chimera; -a, -ala, -atra, -ema: chimerical, fanciful, visionary. — DEFIRS
  • «kimono» (garment) kimono.
  • kin five (for derivations, cf. du); -a-dek-yar-a, -o: (person) 50 years old; -yar-ala: quinquennial: which takes place every five years; -yar-a, -opa: quinquennial: which lasts five years; -franka peco: a five-franc piece. — L
  • kinestezi-o kinaesthesia — DEFIRS
  • kiosk-o kiosk; (fig.) news stand. — DEFIRS
  • kiragr-o chiragra. Def.: Goto en la manui. — DEFIRS
  • kirk-o (building) church; (cf. eklezio). — DE
  • kiromanci-ar (tr.) to read the hand of; -o: chiromancy, palmistry. — DEFIRS
  • kiropter-o chiropter: bat (order: Chiroptera). — EFIL
  • kirsh-o kirsh(-wasser). — DEFIRS
  • kirurgi-o chirurgery; surgery; -ala: surgical, -isto: surgeon. — DEFIRS
  • kis-ar (tr.) to kiss; -egar: to give a hearty kiss to. — DE
  • «kismet» kismet.
  • kist-o (med.) cyst. — EFIRS
  • kizelgur-o kieselguhr. — DEFIRS
  • klad-o first (or rough) draft (of a writing); -ifar: to make a rough draft. — D
  • klak-ar (intr.) to clap (per) (as with the hands), to clack, smack (as the lips, the tongue against the palate), to chatter (as teeth from cold); -igar: to clap, to crack (the fingers, a whip, etc.); -o-planko: clapper; klak ! smack! pop! V. exp.: Ta vorto indikas altra bruiso kam krakar; klako esas bruiso di shoko (momentala) di du surfaci plu or min plata; krako esas bruiso (qua povas durar) di ulo qua ruptesas frakasesas. — EF
  • klam-ar (tr.) to shout, exclaim, vociferate, cry aloud (words); -(ad)o: shout(ing), clamor: outcry; -ala: exclamative; -isto: public crier; -achar: to bawl, squall; -o-punto: exclamation point. V. exp.: On klamas olu; on vokas sempre ulu. On povas vokar sen klamar (per signalo, sonilo); on povas klamar sen vokar; La krio esas voco neartikulita (komuna ad homi e bestii); korntree, on klamas nur vorti. — EFI
  • klamid-o chlamys: ancient mantle. — DEFIRS
  • klan-o clan. — DEFIRS
  • klap-o any flat piece turning on a axis; as: flapvalve; leaf (of a folding door); flap (of a pocket or envelope or table); -sid-ilo: flap-seat, folding-seat; kameno-klapo : damper. Def.: Omna plana peco, qua povas turnar cirkum axo en sua plano. Ex.: On uzez la klapo di la kameno por regular la fairo. La klapo di posho kovras la posho. La klapi di ula tabli (per qui on prolongas li). — DF
  • klar-a clear: free from all dims, blurs, obscures, obstructs; (fig.) plain, evident; -eso: clearness, light, plainness; -igar: to clarify, make clear, elucidate; -eskar: to become clear; -obskuro: chiaroscuro; -vid-(ad)o: clear sightedness, clairvoyance; -a aquo: clear water; -a koloro: light color; klar-blua okuli: clear (or light) blue eyes; -a mento: clear mind; -a voco: clear voice; la defino ne esas -a: the definition is not clear; klar-igar la signifiko: to elucidate the meaning; -igar la voyo: to clear the road; -irgar afero: to clear up a business. Ant.: obskura, ne-limpida, konfuza. — DEFIRS
  • klarinet-o (mus.) clarinet. — DEFIRS
  • klarion-o clarion: military bugle; (cf. buglo, trumpeto). Def.: Speco di trumpeto kun sono akuta e penetranta, uzata da soldati e milit-navisti. — DEFIS
  • klas-o (all senses) class; -o laborist-ala: laboring cf.; -o-lukto: c. struggle; ca verko ne konvenas ad omna klasi di lektanti: this work does not suit all classes (all kinds) of readers; artisto di la unesma klaso: a first class artist; bilieto di la duesma klaso: a second class ticket; dividar la lernanti en du klasi: to divide the learners into two classes; klaso di maniferi: class of mammals. — DEFIRS
  • klasifik-ar (tr.) to classify. — DEFIS
  • klasik-a classical; -o: a classic; -ano: a classicist. — DEFIRS
  • klaudik-ar (intr.) to be lame, to hall, limp, hobble, (in walking); -igar: to cause (ulu) to limp, to make lame (in legs): -ar en la du pedi: to be lame, to limp with both feet. — F
  • klaun-o clown. — DEFIRS
  • klauz-o clause, stipulation, article (in a contract, will, etc.; N.B. not in sentence; cf. membro di frazo). — DEFIS
  • klav-o key (of a key-board); (cf. klefo); -aro: keys (collect.), key-board. Def. La extramjo di levero quan on presas por produktar ula efekto (en piano, orgeno, telegrafilo, tiposkribilo, e.c.). — DEFRS
  • klavikul-o (antat.) clavicle, collarbone. — EFIS
  • klef-o key (to locks, also fig.); -agar, -e-klosar: (tr.) to lock (ulu); -isto: (karcer-ala): turnkey; -ringo: k. ring; chefa -o: master-key; -o di cienci: k. to the sciences. Def.: Utensilo usata por apelar seruri, generale per rotaco cirkum lua axo. — F
  • klem-ar (tr.) to press closely together, squeeze, tighten, clench; -ar la lig-ili: to tighten the bonds; -ar la ligili di amikeso: (fig.) to tighten the bonds of friendship. Ex.: Klemar skrubo, freno, nodo, junturo, manuo. — D
  • klematid-o (bot.) clematis (genus: Clematis). — EFIS
  • klement-a clement, merciful, lenient. Def.: Indulgema e pardonema (anke teologiala senco). Ant. severa, ne-pardon-ema. — EFIS
  • klepsidr-o clepsydra: water-clock. — DEFIS
  • kleptomani-o kleptomania. — DEFIRS
  • klerik-o cleric, clergyman, clergywoman; -ala: clerical; -aro: clergy (collect.); -ana; ano, -isto: clericalist, partisan of clericalism; -eso: ministry, holy orders; -ismo: clericalism. — DEFIRS
  • klerk-o (office) clerk (of a notary, lawyer); -eso: clerkship; chef- -o: chief c.; (cf. komizo). — EF
  • klient-o client (of a lawyer); patient (of a physician); cutomer (of a tradesman); -aro: clientele, clients (collect.); -izar: to get costumers for (a shop, etc); -izo: custom: patronage; (fig.) good-will. — DEFIRS
  • klif-o cliff. — E
  • klik-o pawl, (spring-)catch; -izar: to cog with a catch; -o-roto: ratchet-wheel. Def.: Movebla levero-brakio qua, ingranante roto-denti, povas impedar la movo dil roto en movo en sinso kontrea. — DF
  • klikt-ar (intr.) to clank, click, clack, clash, clatter: to make a sudden, sharp noise by striking; -(ad)o: clang(ing), clank (of armour, of chains); -eto: click, jingle (as of glasses); -ili: snappers, bones. — DEF
  • klim-ar (tr., intr.) to climb (up), clamber (over), mount, ascend (by hand or foot or tendrils). Ex.: Klimar (sur) arboro, monto. La planto klimas til la duesma etajo. — DF
  • klimat-o climate. — DEFIRS
  • klimatologi-o climatology. — DEFS
  • klin-ar (tr., intr.) to overlap, to cover partially, to clinkerbuild. Def.: Superpozar la bordi di la folii di tolo o la planki qui kompozas la kareno di batelo, e.c.. V. exp.: Butar: La but-sistemo konsistas en apud-pozar la bordi tale ke li kontaktas segun sua lota dikeso (same la duvi di barelo). — F
  • klinik-o (med.) clinic. — DEFIRS
  • klink-o latch (of doors, etc.). — DF
  • klinometr-o clinometer. — DEFRS
  • kliper-o (nav.) clipper(-ship): fast sailing ship. — DEFIRS
  • klish-ar (tr.) to take a stereotype of something to be printed; -uro: stereotype; (photog.) negative, cliche; (cf. stereotipar). — DEFIRS
  • klister-o clyster: enema; -izar: to give an enema to (ulu); -tubo, -pump-ilo, -izilo, injekt-ilo, -siringo: instrument for giving an enema. — DEFIRS
  • klitorid-o (anat.) clitoris. — DEFIS
  • kliv-ar (tr.) to cleave (crystal, a diamond). — DEF
  • kloak-o (antiq.) cloaca; (gen.) a sewer; (anat.) cloaca. — DEFIRS
  • klok-o o’clock; of (by) the clock; esas un kloko: it is one o’clock; esas du kloki: it is two o’clock; tri kloki dek (minuti): ten minutes past three; quar kloki e quarimo: quarter past four; kin kloki e duimo: half past five; sis kloki e tri quarimi: a quater to seven; sep kloki kinadek (minuti): ten minutes to eight; ok kloki kinadek e kin (minuti): five minutes to nine; ante tri kloki matine: before three o’clock in the morning; pos ok kloki e duimo verspere: after half past eight in the evening. (Note: ‘What time is it?’ is translated ‘Qua tempo esas?’. In some countries in Europe the hours are counted continuously from midnight to midnight, therfore: duadek kloki: (twenty o’clock) eight o’clock in the evening. klok-libro (di la fer-voyo): railway guide.
  • klonus-o (med.) clonic spasm. — DEFIRS
  • klor-o chlorine (gas); -acido: hydro-chloric (or,, muriatic) acid; -ato: chlorate; -at-acido: chloric acid. — DEFIRS
  • klorid-o chloride. — DER
  • klorofil-o chlorophyll. — DEFS
  • kloroform-o chloroform; -agar, -izar: to c. (ulu). — DEFIRS
  • kloros-o (med.) chlorosis, green sickness; -ika, iko: chlorotic (person). — DEFIRS
  • klosh-o a bell; anything in the form of a b.: -eto: little b., hand b.; -aro: collections of b.s; chimes: -turmo: b. steeple, belfry; -ario, muziko: (the music of) chimes; -(aro)-plear: (intr.); -son-igar: (tr.) to play chimes, to ring the bells; -ple-isto, -ero: chimer; -son-ig-isto, -ero: b. ringer. — F
  • klostr-o cloiter: coverered arcade, especially around a monastic building. — DEFIS
  • klov-o (metal) nail; -agar: (tr.) to nail (ulo); -izar: to stud with n.s; -ifar: to make n.s.; -o-stop-ar: to spike (a gun). — FIS
  • kloz-ar (tr.) to close, shut (up) (a door, a window, a room, a way, the eyes, a wound, etc.); -eyo: inclosed place, close; -ajo: something inclosed, an inclosure; -ilo: fence barrier; -agrafo, -o-buklo: clasp, buckle, snap; klef-klozar: to lock; -etar la okuli: to blink the eyes; mi-kloz-ita: half-closed; -o-petro: keystone; -punisar: to keep in (for punishment), to restrict liberty (milit.). — EFI
  • klub-o (social) club; -ano: clubman. — DEFIRS
  • kluk-ar (intr.) to cluck, cackle (of poultry). — DEFRS
  • kluz-o (nav.) hawse-hole. — DR
  • knik-ar (tr.) to bend a thing so as to occasion a flaw in it (yet no entirely to break it), to crack, flaw; (cf. krakar, flexar, fendar). Def.: Strenar korpo relative longa, ex. stango, per preso en la longesal directiono sur la du extremaji . — D
  • knut-o knout. — DEFIRS
  • koadjutor-o coadjutor. — DEFIRS
  • koagul-ar (tr., intr.) to coagulate, curdle, clot, curd. — DEFIS
  • koakt-ar (tr.) to constrain, coerce, oblige, compel, force (N.B. this refers especially to moral; social, intellectual compulsion, rather than physical force; cf. forco, forsar); respekto, gratitudo, autoritato koaktas me silencar: respect, gratitude, authority compel me to be silent; ne koatkez il: do not use compulsion with him; vivo esas perpeuta koakto: life is a perpetual constraint; -anta, -iva povo: coactive, coercive power; koakto-kamizolo: strait-jacket. — F
  • koal-o koala. — DEFIRS
  • koalis-ar (intr.) to form a coalition (kun); -o, -uro: coalition: union of persons, parties or states. — DEFIRS
  • koaltar-o coal tar: tar made from coal. — EF
  • kobalt-o (min.) cobalt. — DEFIRS
  • kobay-o (zool.) guinea-pig (Cavia cobaya). — FS
  • kobe-o (bot.) cobaea (Cobaea). — DEFIRS
  • kobold-o koblod: imp, hobglobin, familiar spirit or brownie, puck, sprite. — DEF
  • kochenil-o (insect and dye) cochineal. — DEFIRS
  • kocig-o (anat.) coccyx.
  • kocinel-o (ent.) coccinella: ladybird, ladybug. — EFIS
  • kodein-o codeine. — DEFIRS
  • kodex-o (legal, signal, etc.) code, codex; -o farmaci-ala: pharmacopoeia, dispensatory; -igar: to codify. — DEFIRS
  • kodicil-o (jur.) codicil. — DEFIRS
  • koeficient-o (alg.) coefficient. — DEFIRS
  • kofi-o bonnet, cap, coil (such as worn only by country women). — EFS
  • kofr-o trunk, coffer, chest; (cf. kesto); -eto: small trunk, portemanteau. — DEFIRS
  • koher-ar (intr.) to cohere, be coherent; -anta, -ema, -iva: coherent, cohesive, consistent; -ero: coherer (radio). — DEFIS
  • kohort-o (hist.) cohort. — DEFIRS
  • koincid-ar (intr.) to coincide (kun) (in form, in time). — DEFIS
  • koit-ar (tr.) to perform the sexual act (cf. kopulac-ar).
  • kok-o coke. — DEFIS
  • koka-o (bot.) coca (Erythroxylum coca). — DEFIRS
  • kokain-o cocaine. — DEFIRS
  • kokard-o cockade. — DEFIRS
  • koket-a coquettish; -ino: coquette; -ulo: coxcomb, beau; -esar: to be c.; -igar: to coquet with, flirt with. — DEFIRS
  • kokle-o (anat.) cochlea. — EFIS
  • koklush-o (med.) whooping-cough. — FR
  • kokon-o cocoon; -ifar: to spin, form c.s. — DEFR
  • kokos-o cocoa-nut; -iero: c.n. tree; -lakto: c.n. milk. — DEFIRS
  • kol-o (anat. and fig.) neck; -ala: relating to n., cervical; -umo: collar of shirt or garment); -umo rigida: stiff c.; -umo stac-anta: standing c.; -umo jac-anta: turn-down collar; -o-peco: neck-piece (butchery); -o-parto: neck part (of clothes); -lig-ilo: tie; -luko: neck-cloth, neckerchief; -o di veziko: n. of the bladder; -o di botelo: n. of a bootle. — FIS
  • kolacion-ar (tr.) to collate: compare two writings; to assemble and verify the sheets of a book for binding. — DEFI
  • kolagen-o collagen. — DEFIRS
  • kola-nuc-o kola nut; -iero: k. tree (Cola acuminata). — DEFI
  • kolaret-o collarret (of cambric, lace, etc, for women and children). — DEFI
  • kolateral-a, -o (geneal., jur.) colateral; -a parenti: c. relations. — DEFIS
  • Kolchid-o Colchis.
  • kolchik-o (bot.) colchicum (genus: Colchicum). — EFIS
  • kold-a (pr. and fig.) cold, frigid, cool: -eso: coldness; -igar: to make cold, to cool; -a balno: c. bath; la supo koldeskas: the soup is becoming c.; homo di kolda karaktero: (fig.) a man of phlegmatic, or cold character; -a mento: a cool mind; traktar amiko kolde: to treat a friend coldly. Ant.: varma — DE
  • koldkrem-o coldcream. — DEFIRS
  • koleg-o colleague. — DEFIRS
  • kolegi-o (all senses) college; -ano: collegian. — DEFIRS
  • kolekt-ar (tr.) to collect (books, plants, etc.); to gather (of persons, objects, matter, into a mass); -ala, -iva: collective. — DEFIRS
  • kolektiv-ismo (sociol.) collectivism; -isto: collectivist. — DEFIS
  • koleopter-o (ent. genus) coleopter, beetle. — DEFISL
  • koler-o (med.) cholera; -ika, -iko: c. (patient). — DEFIRS
  • kolerin-o (med.) cholerine. — DEFS
  • koli-ar (tr.) to gather, cull, pluck, pick off (fruits, flowers, etc.).; -ajo: crop (of fruit), object picked. — FIS
  • koliar-o necklace, neck-badge, collar (as on dogs or horses); (natural marking of birds, and other animals) collar; perlo- -o: pearl necklace; (fig.) ring, hoop (as on a mast, on engine). — DEFIS
  • kolibiri-o (orni.) humming-bird (family: Trochilidae). — DFIRS
  • kolik-ar (intr.) to have severe pain in the bowels; -o: colic, griping, stomach-ache. — DEFIRS
  • kolimator-o (opt. instr.) collimator. — DEF
  • kolimb-o (orni.) diver (family Colymbidae). — L
  • kolin-o hill; -eto: hillock, knoll, ridge. Ex.: Roma esis konstruktata sur sep kolini. — FIS
  • koliri-o (pharm.) colyrium: eye-slave, wash. — EF
  • kolizion-ar (intr.) to collide (kun); -o: collision: mutual striking of two bodies; (fig.) conflict, encounter. — DEFIRS
  • kolkotar-o (chem.) colcothar. — DEFS
  • kolm-o highest part, top (of a building or any elevation); ridge (of a roof); -o-trabo: ridge-piece, -pole; -o-tegulo: ridge-tile.
  • kolodion-o collodion. — DEFIRS
  • kolofon-o colophony: rosin. — DEFIRS
  • koloid-a, -o colloid. — DEF
  • kolok-ar (tr., fin.) to invest (money, funds); -ajo: money invested. — IS
  • kolomb-o dove, pigeon (family: Columbidae); -ea: dove-colored; -yuno: young pigeon; -eyo, -o-turmo: dove-cot, pigeon-house (tower). — FIRSL
  • kolon-o (anat.) colon; (arch., fig. in anat.) column, pillar; (of troops) column; vertebrala -o (spino): verterbral column; densa -o di trupi: close column of troops; -bolto: tie-bolt. — DEFIRS
  • kolonel-o (milit.) colonel. — DEFIS
  • koloni-o colony; -ala: colonial, -isto: colonist: one who colonizes; -ano: colonist: member of a c.; -igar, -izar: to colonize. — DEFIRS
  • koloquint-o (bot.) colocynth (Citrullus colocynthis). — DEFIRS
  • kolor-o color (N.B. not pigment); -ajo: something colored; -materio: coloring material; -izar: to color: -aro, izo, -iz-eso: iz-uro: coloring, coloration; -iz-anta: coloring; sen- -igar: to discolor: deprive of it’s proper color; des- -izar: to discolor: stain; -o-chanjo: color-change, play of colors; -fairo: colored fire, Bengal lights. — DEFIS
  • kolorit-o color(ing), hue, shade: effect which results from the mixture or use of colors; (fig.) brilliancy of style; Raphael montris profunda kompreno di kolorito: Raphael showed a deep understanding of color (of the manner of applying colors to produce a desired effect); la kolorito di ca pikturo ne esas bona: the coloring of this painting is not good; persiko kun bela kolorito: a peach of a beautiful color. — DFIRS
  • kolos-o colossus. — DEFIRS
  • kolostomi-o colostomy. — DEFIS
  • kolport-ar (tr.) to hawk about, peddle: carry about wares for sale. — DEF
  • kolubr-o (genus) coluber: a common non-poisonous snake, ring or grass snake. — EFSL
  • kolum-o see kolo.
  • kolumbari-o (antiq.) columbarium, columbaria. — DEFIS
  • Kolumbi-a Columbia; -ano: Columbian.
  • kolumn-o column (of a page); pagino de tri kolumni: three columned page. — DE
  • kolur-o (astron., geog.) colure. — DEFIS
  • kolute-o bladder-nut tree (Colutea arborescens). — IL
  • koluzion-ar (intr., jur.) to collude: to conspire in a fraud; -o: collusion. Def.: (koluziono): Interkonsento sekreta por facar kune ula fraudo o nelegalajo. — DEFIRS
  • kolz-o colza, rape seed (Brassica Napus oleifera); -oleo: c. oil; -o-kaulo: cole (Brassica campestris). — EFIRS
  • kom as (being), being, to be, in the capacity, character, role, quality of; egardar ulo kom ne-evitebla: to regard something as (being) inevitable; kom exemplo: as (being) an example; me judikas kom mea devo raportar: I judge it as (being) my duty to report; me konsideras il kom honesta: I consider him to be honest; konsiderar la texto kom autentika: to consider the text to be authentic; judikar la vino kom bona: to judge that wine to be good; me agas kom sekretario: I act as (in the capacity of) secretary; il skribis ad me kom elua tutelanto: he wrote (in the capacity) as her guardian; aktoro X ... aparis kom Hamlet: actoro X.. appeared as (assumed the role of) Hamlet; kom la maxim olda, li elektis lu kom delegito: as (being) the oldest, they elected him as (to be) delegate. V. exp.: Quale, kom: On devas uzar kom (e ne quale) en omna kazi, en qui kom povas remplasesar da ula formo di la verbo esar: esar, esante, e.c. Quale signifikas, ke on komparas un kozo ad altra; ol implikas sempre, ke on pensas ad-minime du kozi samtempe. Kom expresas atribuo o qualifiko: ol unionas du nomi (o epiteti, atributi) di un sola kozo (ulo esas atributo kande on atribuas ol ad ula nomo, t.e. kande on asertas explicite od implicite, ke tala qualeso apartenas a l’objekto). Ex.: Il agis kom prezidanto (esante prezidanto ed en ta qualeso). Il agis quale prezidanto (quale il esus prezidanto, ma il ne esis). Me amas il kom mea fraton (il esas mea frato). Me amas il quale mea fraton (il ne esas mea frato). Kom (esante) delegito di la granda republiko, il esis aceptata quale (E. like) rejo. — FIS
  • kom-o (print.) coma (,); -o-punto: semicolon (;). — DEF
  • koma-o (mus.) comma: a minute interval or difference in pitch. — DE
  • komand-ar (tr. milit, nav, tech) to command (an army, a ship), to give word of command to (ulu); -ala, -anta, -ema, -atra (voco, tono): commanding (voice, tone); -ita kliko: catch having positive motion; V. exp.: Imperar, komandar: Komandar aplikesas a l’imperado militala o navala, do extreme severa ed absoluta, qua supresas omna responsiveso che l’imperati. — DEFIRS
  • komandit-ar (tr.) to finance a commercial undertaking, to become a sleeping partner in: -ala societo: a (French) limited, joint-stock company (in which some of the partners take no active part); -anto, -ero: sleeping-, dormant-partner; -o: (assuming) limited liability; -eso: (assumed) limited liability. — DFIS
  • komandor-o (knight-) commander: an ordrer of knighthood. — DEFIRS
  • komat-o (med.) coma; -atra: comatose; -ego: carus. — DEFIRS
  • kombat-ar (tr., intr.) to fight, combat, make war on: -ema: combative, pugnacious, quarrelsome; -eskar: to start a fight: (milit.) to go into action; -esko, -eto: (milit.) engagement; li kombatis senespera kobambato: the fought a hopeless fight. — EFIS
  • kombin-ar (tr.) to combine: -o, uro: combination. Ex.: On povas kombinar la quar literi a, b, c, d, en duadek e quar manieri diferanta. Kombinuro di kolori, di soni. — DEFIRS
  • kombinatorik-o (math, philos.) theory of combination(s). — DEFIRS
  • kombust-ar (tr.) to burn (esp. in chemistery); -(ad)o: combustion, ignition: combination of a substance with oxygen, or the like usually generating heat and light. V. exp.: vid. brular. — EFIS
  • komedi-o comedy; -isto: comedian. — DEFIRS
  • komedon-o (med.) comedo (pl. comedones); face-worm, blackhead.
  • komenc-ar (tr., intr.) to begin, commence; -e, -ante: in the beginning, at first; -ala: initial, first; -o-litero: initial. — EFIS
  • komend-ar (tr., com.) to order (goods, a dinner, etc.); -aj-o, -i: goods bespoken. — F
  • koment-ar (tr.) to comment on (by speaking or by annotation); -o, -uro, -aro: comment, commentary. Ex. Komentar temo, Virgilius. La komentaro di Caesar. — DEFIRS
  • komerc-ar (intr.) to trade, traffic, deal (pri ulo, kun ulu); -o: commerce, trade; -ala, -oza, -era: commercial, mercantile; -ajo: good(s), article of commerce, mechandise; -anta: trading; -anto, -ero, -isto: trader, business man, mechant; -ist-ach-ala: profiteering; -o engrosa: wholesale trade; -o endetala: retail trade. — DEFIRS
  • komet-o (astron.) comet. — DEFIRS
  • komfort-o comfort; -ala, -oza: comfortable; -igar: to make comfortable; (cf. konsolacar). — DEFIRS
  • komic-o comitia. Def.: Specala nomo di popul-asemblo (pricipue antiqua Romana). — DEFIRS
  • komik-a comic, ludicrous, funny, laughable (cf. rid-inda). — DEFIRS
  • komis-ar (tr.) to commission: to charge, empower (ulu facar ulo), to appoint (ulu por ulo); -o: charge instruction, mandate; -anto: one who orders, employer, principal; -ato: person commissioned: commissioner, representative; (cf. prokuraco): -it-aro: commission: body of commissioners, board. Ex.: Komisar ula komision-firmo komprar o vendar acioni por su, por ulu. Komisar komisitaro studiar temo. Ca oficiro ne ja recevis sua komiso. Komisar milit-navo. Komisitaro pri la budjeto. Facar la komisi: (E. to carry out the instructions; (fig.) do the errands). — DEFIS
  • komisari-o commissary (di polico, di provizuro): -eso: (function) commissaryship; -eyo: c. office. — DEFIRS
  • komision-o (com.) commission: order by which a person buys or sells goods for another: -isto, -ero: c; merchant, c. agent; -gelto, -pago: commission-money: allowance for transacting business. — DEFIRS
  • komisur-o (anat.) commissure, suture. — DEFIS
  • komitat-o commitee, board; (cf. komis-it-aro). — DEFIRS
  • komiz-o clerk; writer, copyist in an office or counting-house; salesman in a store or shop . — DFI
  • komocion-ar (tr., med. psychol.) to affect strongly, unnerve, unstring, cause to shake; la violentoza pafado -is la trupi: the hot fire unnerved the troops; san-eso komocion-ita: shattered health. — DEFIS
  • komod-o (furniture) commode, chest of drawers, bureau. — DEFIS
  • komod-a (of things) convenient, commodious: adapted to its use or purpose, suitable; affording convenience, conductive to comfort; utensilo -a: a convenient utensil; ca loko ne esas -a a ni: this place is not convenient for us; ca domo ne havas komodaji: this house has no conveniences. — DEFIS
  • komodor-o (nav.) commodore. — DEFIS
  • komon-o commune (in France); parish, township (the political division); -estro: mayor; -estr-eso: mayorality; -domo: community-house, town-hall; -ano: an inhabitant, a member of the commune or parish. — DEFIRS
  • kompakt-a compact; (cf. densa); maso-a: a c. mass. — DEFIRS
  • kompan-o, -ulo, -ino companion, mate, one who keeps company with another person, one associated with another in an employement; -eso: companionship; joy-oza kompanulo: a good fellow, boon companion; voyajo- -o: fellow-traveller: fidela -o: faithful c.. — EFR
  • kompani-o (indust., com, milit.) company. — DEFIRS
  • kompar-ar (tr.) to compare (ulo, ad ulo); -ebla, -inda: comparable; (ad) -e: comparatively, in comparaison (ad, kun); -anta gramatiko: comparative grammar; -ar la originalo kun la tradukuro: to compare the original with the translation . — EFIS
  • komparativ-o (gram.) comparative. — DEFIS
  • kompas-o (a pair of) compass(es); -agar: to measure with c.; trasar per -o: to line out with c. — EFIRS
  • kompat-ar (tr., intr.) to pity, have compassion, be compassionate, commiserate, have mercy on: (cf. simpatiar); -anta, -ema, -oza: compassionate; -inda: worthy of compassion, pitiable, miserable, piteous; sen- -a: merciless, pitiless; pro -o: for mercy’s sake. — EFIS
  • kompendi-o compendium. — DEFIRS
  • kompens-ar (tr.) to compensate: to be equivalent to, to counterbalance, to make amends for, to make up for; (com.) to offset. — DEFIRS
  • kompetent-a competent (pri), capable, having (legal) power. Ex.: Kompetenta autoritato. Vu ne esas kompententa facar to. Kemiisto kompetenta. — DEFIRS
  • kompil-ar (tr.) to compile (a literary work). — DEFIRS
  • komplement-o complement: that which it is necessary to add to make a thing complete; (trig.) the difference between an angle and 90°; (gram.) object, the added word to complete a predication; -a, -ala: complementary, completing, supplying a deficiency. — DEFIRS
  • komplet-a complete; -igar: to c. (ulo, per); -ig-iva kazo: completive case, objective case. Ex.: Vestaro kompleta. Kompleta floro. Ruino kompleta. Komplet-igar sumo, laboro. — DEFIS
  • Kompletori-o (cath. lit.) complin(e), completory.
  • komplex-a complex: not simple, consisting of many parts; complicated intricate. Ex.: Temo, ideo komplexa. Komplexa nombro, questiono. Ant.: simpla. — DEFIRS
  • komplexion-o (med.) complexion: constitution, natural disposition of body; (cf. konstituciono); (N.B. not color of skin).
  • komplez-ar (intr.) to please, gratify, humor; to be complaisant, obliging (ad ulu); -o, -em-eso: complaisance, disposition to oblige; readiness to serve; -ach-ema: obsequious; -ez: have the goodness, kindness; ne-komplez-anta: disobliging. Def. Konformigar su a la sentimenti, a la humoro di altru. Ex.: Esas elua studio komplezar ad sua spozulo. Montrar su komplezema ad ulu. Me facis to nur por ke me komplezez il. Mis-uzar la komplezemeso di ulu. V. exp. vid. voluntar. — EFIS
  • komplic-a (jur.) party (to), privy (to); accessory (to); -(ul)o: accomplice (in a crime, in an ill-design); -eso: complicity. V. exp.: Indikas la neegaleso (etikal e legala) la precipua kulpanto e di lua komplico o complici. — DEFIS
  • komplik-ar (tr.) to complicate: render complex, make intricate; ca afero komplik-at-eskas: this affair is getting complicated. — DEFIS
  • kompliment-ar (tr.) to compliment: to address with expressions of civility: (cf. gratular). Ex.: La generalo komplimentis la soldato pri lua kurajo. Il sendis la donacajo kun sua komplimenti. — DEFIRS
  • komplot-ar (tr.) to complot: to plot (ulo, kontre ulu). V. exp.: Komploto esas plu generala; konspiro esas komploto politikala, kontre la stato o statestri, por revoluciono o por atento. — DEFRS
  • kompost-ar (tr.) to set up in type; -isto: (print.) compositor; -ilo: composing - stick; -eroro: printer’s error, wrong letter; -mashino: composing machine. — EFIS
  • kompot-o compote: stewed fruit; -uyo: comport, dish for compote. — DEFS
  • kompoz-ar (tr.) to compose: to compound; to form (by uniting two or more things); (N.B. not to set up in type; cf. kompostar); to constitute; to invent and set in order; to fashion, adjust; -uro, -ajo: component, compound, ingredient; -isto, -ero: composer (as of music); -ita: composite, composed (da); -ito: compound; -achar: to scribble; Ex.: Omna parti qui kompozas ca mashino. La vorti esas kompozata da literi. Kompozar libro, diskurso, opero. Kompozita vizajo. — DEFIS
  • kompr-ar (tr.) to buy, purchase. — IS
  • kompren-ar (tr.) to comprehend: to understand, apprehend by the senses; (cf. intelektar, konceptar, konocar, savar; kontenar, inkluzar); -ebla, -iva: comprehensible, intelligible, conceivable; -ende: of course; mis- -ar: to misunderstand. — EFIS
  • kompres-ar (tr.) to compress: press or squeeze together. — DEFIRS
  • kompromis-ar (tr.) to compromise: to imperil or injure (the reputation, credit, etc. of a person); -anta, -iva: compromising. — DEFIRS
  • kompuncion-o compunction: reproach of conscience; contrition, remorse. — EFIS
  • kompund-a (mashino) compound (-engine).
  • *komputer-o, *komputor-o, komputator-o computer. — FS
  • komt-o (on continent) count or countess; (England) earl or countess — EFIS
  • komun-a common: pertaining to, connected with, or participated in by two or more persons or things; joint, general; -eso: community (of goods, of interests, etc.); -igar: to communize; -ismo: communism; -isto: communist; -a raciono: common sense; -a eskalero: a c. staircase; interesti -a: co-interests; -a uzo: c. use; -a nomo: a common name; (gram.) a common noun; -igar la havaji di richi: to communize the property of the rich. — DEFIRS
  • komuni-ar (intr., rel.) to communicate: to receive the sacrament; -igar: to administer the sacrament to (ulu). — DEFIS
  • komunik-ar (intr.) to communicate; have communication (by intercourse), be connected by passage; (tr.) to communicate; impart, transmit, acquaint with; -o, -ajo: communication; -igar: to put (uli) into communication; to make a connection between (buildings, etc.); -ema: (tendency) communicative; -o-pordo: communicating door; inter- -ar: to be in mutual communication. Ex.: Komunikar kun altra personi. Ca pordo komunikas a koridoro. La magneto-petro komunikigas sua qualeso a la fero. Li komunikigas sua projeto a me. — DEFIS
  • komunion-o communion: religious fellowship; a denomination. Def.: Uniono en komuna kredo (religiala). Ex.: La protestanta komunioni. — EFIS
  • komut-ar (tr., elec., math.) to commute, commutate (a current); -ilo: commutator. — DEFIS
  • kon-o (geom., bot., and fig.) cone; -a, -ala, -atra: conical; -o-trunko: frustum of a c., truncated c.; lum- -o: (opt.) cone of rays. — DEFIRS
  • koncentr-ar (tr.) to concentrate: to draw or converge to or toward a common center (troops, rays of light, the mind, the affections, etc.); (chem.) to concentrate: free from extraneous matter; (cf. pludens-igar). — DEFIRS
  • koncept-ar (tr. physiol. and psychol.) to conceive (a child, an idea); (cf. gravid-eskar); -(ad)o, -uro: conceiving, conception, concept; -ebla: conceivable. — DEFIRS
  • koncern-ar (tr.) to concern: relate or belong to (ulu, ulo); -o: concern: affair: -ant-a, -e: concerning, relating to, regarding, (jur.) appertaining to (cf. aparten-ante); me parolas pri to quo -as vu: I am speaking about that which concerns you; to ne -as vu: that is not your business. — EFIS
  • koncert-ar (intr., mus.) to give a concert; -o: concert; -o-peco: concerto. — DEFIRS
  • konces-ar (tr.) to concede (a point in argument). Def.: Grantar ulo por obtenar konkordo. — DEFIRS
  • koncesion-ar (tr., intr.) to grant a (public) concession to, to enter into (public) contract (with); -ario: grantee; -o perpetua: concession in perpetuity. V. exp.: Koncesiono esas specala kontrato por l’exekuto di publika labori. Ol esas karakterizita per ke l’entraprezisto esas pagata ne da la koncesionanto (stato, urbo, e.c.) ma da l’uzanti dum tempo determinita. Exemple: ula urbo deziras posedar elektrala fili por la lumizado di la stradi e di la privata domi. Ol povas procedar per koncesiono, t.e. l’entraprezisto konstruktros la reto, e recevos su pago, de l’aboni dum x yari e pos tempo donos l’instaluro a la koncesioninto. Simila afero eventas pri fervoyi, pri ponti, pri distributi di gaso, aquo, e.c. — DEFIS
  • konci-ar (tr.) to be conscious of (ulo); -o: consciousness: the knowlegde or perception of what passes in one’s own mind. — EFIS
  • koncienc-o conscience; -oze: conscientiously. — EFIS
  • koncil-o council (of the church); (cf. konsilo). — DEFIRS
  • koncili-ar (tr.) to conciliate: bring to a state of friendship, gain, win by moral influence; to reconcile: make consistent or suitable; (cf. ri-konciliar); -ebla: reconcilable, consistent, accommodable, compatible; -ema: conciliatory, accommodating, compliant, easy to get along, tractable; la multeso di nia reciproka interesiti devas konciliar ni: the great number of mutual interests should overcome any feeling of hostility; elua dolca manieri konciliis la favoro di elua nova familio: her gentle manners gained the affection of her new family; ne esas facila konciliar la historio profana e la historio sakra: it is not easy to reconcile (make consistent) profane history with sacred history. — DEFIRS
  • konciz-a concise, succinct (style, etc.). — DEFIS
  • kondamn-ar (tr.) to condemn: to sentence, doom; to censure; to judge to be unfit for service. Ex.: Kondamnar ulu a morto. Kondamnar libro. Il kondamnis ca entraprezaji: (E. he has condemned (censured) these undertakings). Kondamnar navo, furnisaji. Ant. : absolvar. — EFIS
  • kondens-ar (tr., phys.) to condense; -ilo: condenser. Ex.: Koldeso kondensas la aquo-vaporo. Ant.: vapor-igar. — DEFIS
  • kondensator-o (elec.) condenser. — DEFIRS
  • kondicion-ar (tr.) to stipulate, make conditions about; (cf. stipular); -o: condition, stipulation, limitation, restriction; -ala, -ita: conditioned: subject to conditions; -izar: to place conditions, restrictions on; -alo: (gram.) conditional, -e ke: on condition that, provinding that; sen- -a, ne- -ala: unconditioned. — EFIS
  • kondil-o (anat.) the head of humerus (upper arm).
  • kondiment-o condiment; -izar: to season, flavor; (fig.) to give a relish to; (cf. saporar). V. exp.: Kondimento havas senco tre generala, plu larja kam spici, pikli, e.c. Omno quo servas por kondimentizar. — DEFIS
  • kondol-ar (tr.) to condole with (ulu): to express or feel sympathetic sorrow; -o-letro: letter of c.. — DEFS
  • kondomini-o condominium: joint dominion or sovereignty; (Rom. law) joint ownership; -ar: to have c. Def.: Kunposedar e komune dominacar.
  • kondor-o (orni.) condor (Sarcorhamphus gryphus). — DEFIRS
  • kondukt-ar (tr., phys.) to conduct, transmit, convey (by tubes, wires, etc.) gas, electricity, heat, etc.; -ivo, -ilo: conductor, conduit, transmitter; -iv-eso: conductibility; gas -ilo: gas-conduit, tube. — EFIRS
  • konduktor-o (on trains, trams, omnibuses, etc.) (Europe) guard; (U.S.) conductor. — DEFRS
  • kondut-ar (intr.) to conduct onself, behave, demean oneself; ca muliero sempre kondutas bone: this women always conducts herself well. — EFIS
  • konekt-ar (tr.) to connect (ulo kun ulo). Def.: Juntar du organi qui servas por transmiso di energio, sive elektrala, sive mekanikal (la energio esas una). — DEFIRS
  • konestabl-o constable: a former title of commander-in-chief of French armies. — DEFIS
  • konfecion-ar (tr.) to make, manufacture clothing (for); -uro: clothing (ready-made). — DF
  • konfekt-o confection, sugar-plum. Def.: Diversa-speca sukraji generale mola. — DEIS
  • konfer-ar (intr.) to confer: discourse with any one on some subject; (cf. grantar). — DEFIRS
  • konferv-o (bot.) conferva: any of the threadlike green algae that form in scum in ponds and ditches. — DEFISL
  • konfes-ar (tr.) to confess, own up, avow (ulo); -igar: to receive the confesion of (ulu); -o: confession; -anto: one who c.; -ig-anto, -ero, -ario: (father) confessor; -eyo: confessional (cabinet): irar por -ar: to go to confession; arachar -o: to extort a confession. Ex.: On konfesas kulpo od irga fakto celita, sekreta e desfavoroza. — EFIS
  • konfesion-o (theol.) confession: a formulary of articles of a religious creed, profession of faith; creed; -o di Augsburg: Augsburg Confession. — DEFIS
  • konfet-o confetti. — DEFRS
  • konfid-ar (tr.) to confide: entrust, commit, to the care of; (cf. fidar, konfidencar). Def.: Livrar ula kozo (su, ulu, ulo) a la sorgo, a la fideleso, a la habileso o la kapableso di ulu, di ulo. Ex.: Me konfidas a vu la maxim kara e maxim precosa kozi quin me posedas. — EFIS
  • konfidenc-ar (tr.) to tell in confidence (ulo, ad ulu); -o: disclosure; -ajo: that which is confided: the information; -a, -ala: confidential; -e: in c. — DEFIRS
  • konfirm-ar (tr.) to confirm: assure by added proof, corroborate, verify; add firmness to, to strenghten; (jur.) to ratify, sanction; (rel.) to receive into the church by confirmation; l’experienco -as ke ...: esperience corroborates that; recenta informi -as me en mea opiniono: recent information confirms my opinion; la korto -is la verdikto: the court has confirmed the sentence; la sakramento di -o: the sacrament of confirmation; -anta, -iva evidentajo: confirmatory, corroborative evidence . — DEFIRS
  • konfisk-ar (tr.) to confiscate (ulo, de ulu). — DEFIRS
  • konfit-ar (tr.) to preserve (fruits, in sugar); -ajo: jam, preserve, conserve. — DFIS
  • konflikt-ar (intr.) to (be in) conflict (kun). Ex.: Nia interesti konfliktas. Konflikto di armei. — DEFIRS
  • konform-a conformable: that conforms, like, similar; -e: in conformity; -igar: to (make) conform (ulo, su, ad ulo). Ex.: Kopiuro konforma a la originalo. Vua interesti konform-esas a nii. Konformeso a la volo di altru. Konform-igar su a la manieri di vua tempo. — DEFIS
  • konfront-ar (tr.) to confront. Ex.: Konfrontar la testo ad akuzato. — DEFIS
  • konfund-ar (tr.) to confound: to make a muddle of several things in not distinguishing them properly (with kun); to confuse the indentity of something with something else (with ad). V. exp.: Kunfundar kun ..., kunfundar ad ...: Se ek plura kozi on facas pelmelo per mala o nesuficanta disitingo mentala, qua mixas iti kun ici, lore la prepoziciono uzenda esas kun. Ex. : «Nun il konfundas omno en sua odio, la kulpozi kun l’inoncenti, la boni kun la mali.» Se la spirito transportas erore la qualesi od individueso di ulu od ulo ad altra, lore la prepoziciono uzenda esas ad. Ex.: «Vu konfundis manekino ad homo. — Ne konfundez lampiro a lanterno.» En l’unesma kazo (kun) la konfundo esas reciproka; en la duesma, ol ne esas reciproka. Ant.: dicernar. — DEFIS
  • konfuz-a (physical and mental) confused: jumbled together, indistinct. Ex.: Bruiso konfuza. Nepreciza e konfuza idei. La multa intrucioni konfuzigas mea mento. La konfuzeso di la tempo. Ant. klara, preciza. — DEFIRS
  • konglomerat-o (geol.) conglomerate; pudding-stone. — DEFIRS
  • Kongo-land-o Congo; -ano: Congolese.
  • kongr-o (ich.) conger-eel (Conger). — EFIS
  • kongregacion-o (rel.) congregation: -ano: member of a c. — DEFIRS
  • kongres-ar (intr.) to hold a congress; -ano, -anto, -ero: congressman, member of a c. — DEFIRS
  • kongru-ar (intr.) to be congruous: -eso: congruity; -anta: congruous, congruent, proper. — DEFIS
  • koni-o wedge, quoin (arch. print.); -agar: to wedge; -umar*: to shape like (or, form into) an angle. — F
  • konifer-a, -o (bot.) conifer(ous). — DEFIS
  • konik-o (math.) conic section. — DEFIRS
  • konivenc-ar (intr.) to connive (kun): to feign ignorance; (fam.) to wink at — DEFIRS
  • konjed-ar (tr.) to give leave or holiday to; to furlough. Def.: Donar tempala libreso. — FI
  • konjekt-ar (tr.) to conjecture: to surmise, presume, guess, suppose; (cf. divinar). — DEFIRS
  • konjel-ar (tr., intr.) to congeal; to freeze; (cf. koagular, glaci-igar, frost-igar). Def.: Transformar liquido a solido per la ago di koldeso. Ex.: Temperaturo di 130° C konjelas alkoholo. V. exp.: Frosto povas aplikesar nur a vetero, a la meteorologiala stando, di qua konjelo di l’aquo esas nur elemento o signo. — EFIS
  • konjestion-ar (tr., med.) to congest; -o: congestion. Def.: Akumulo morbala di sango en parto limitizita di la korpo. — DEFIS
  • konjug-ar (tr., gram.) to conjugate: to inflect (a verb). — DEFIRS
  • konjuncion-o (gram.) conjunction; -a expresuro: conjunctive phrase. — DEFIRS
  • konjuntiv-o (anat.) conjunctiva. — DEFIS
  • konjuntivit-o (med.) conjunctivitis. — DEFIS
  • konjuntur-o concurrence, combination of events and circumstantces, conjuncture. Ex.: Me nultempe trovis plus desfortunoza konjunturo. — DEFIRS
  • konjur-ar (tr.) to conjure, raise, call up (spirits). — EFIRS
  • konk-o conch, sea-shell (of a mollusc). — EFIRS
  • konkav-a concave; -eso: concaveness; -ajo, -ig-uro: concavity; -igar: to make c., scoop or hollow out. — DEFIS
  • konklav-o conclave: assembly of cardinals. — DEFIS
  • konkluz-ar (tr.) to conclude: to bring to a conclusion, settle, to come to a decision about; (cf. inferar); -iva: conclusive, final, decisive; (cf. pruv-iva); -e: in conclusion. Ex.: Konkluzar kontrato, pakto, mariajo, diskurso. La konkluzo di la kontrato prizentis poka desfacilaji. Konkluziva pruvo. Konkluze me volas dicar. — EFIRS
  • konkoid-o (geom.) conchoid. — DEFIS
  • konkologi-o conchology. — EFIS
  • konkord-ar (intr.) to agree, be in harmony, concord, concordance, (kun); -igar: to bring into concord, to reconcile; -o kordiala: cordial agreeement (F. entente); ne- -anta: (moral) discordant, disagreeing. Def.: Havar sama opiniono kam altru; (ol expresas stando duriva, (eventuale) permananta); tendencar a sama skopo; harmoniar; (kp. akordar, konsentar). Ex.: La konkordo di du gespozi. La konkordo regnas en ica familio. Lia atesturi ne konkordas. — DEFIRS
  • konkordat-o (rel.) concordat; (com.) bankrupt’s certificate; -ala: certified (of bankrupts); -ario: certified bankrupt. Def.: (Kormercala) Konkordo di faliinto kun sua kreditanti por pago di sua debi. — DEFIRS
  • konkrecion-o (med.) concretion: calculus (cf. kalkolo). — DEFIS
  • konkret-a concrete (number, term). Ant.: abstrakta-a, ala. — DEFIRS
  • konkub-ino concubine; -ulo: man who lives in concubinage. — DEFIS
  • konkubinat-o (legal) concubinage (applies to men and women). — DEFIS
  • konkupicenc-o concupiscence. Def.: Inklineso juar la bonaji di la mondo, particulare la kozi sensual. — DEFIS
  • konkurenc-ar (tr.) to compete (in business, for personal profit); (cf. emul-esar); -(ad)o: competition, natural rivalry, common striving for the same object. V. exp.: Konkurenco esas la naturala, spontana e konstanta rivaleso, qua existas inter praktikanti di la sama profesiono, komerco, industrio, qui penas ecelar por sua personal profito e prospero. Konkurso esas quaze lukto institucata da autoritato, en definita kondicionni tempala ed altra, por ganar premii od adminime recevar rangi atribuata da judikanti. Konkurso similesas do samtempe exameno e judiko. La sama komercisti od industriisti, qui konkurencas sur la nacional e mondala merkato, konkursas exemple en l’universala expozi, en qui on distributas a li premii de diversa rangi. Li konkursas anke por obtenar ula lur niso, prizentante specimeni (kun inkiko di preco), quin ula experti specale komisita examenas, komparas e rangizas. — DFIRS
  • konkurs-ar (intr.) to go into a competition, match (for prizes); -anto, -kandidato: competitor. V. exp.: vid. konkurencar. — DFIRS
  • konkusion-ar (intr., jur.) to peculate, practice extortion, graft. Def.: (konkusiono): Prevariko o pekuniala extorso facita da publika funcionero. — DFIS
  • konoc-ar (tr.) to know: be aware of, be acquainted with; (through the senses); -igar: to make known (ulo da ulu); -(ad)o: acquaintance, knowing, cognition, cognizance; -eskar: to become acquainted; -ato: acquaintance; -ebla: cognizable; -ala, -iva: (philos.) cognitive; ri-konocar: to recognize: know again; (cf. agnoskar). Ex.: Konocar ulu per la nomo, per la reputo, per la vido. Me ne konocas lua skribado. Me bone konocas omna parti di ca edifico. Me ne konocas la nomo di la strado. La autoro ne esas konocata. Konocar lo bona de lo mala. La hundo bone konocas sua mastro. Il atingis la evo di konoco (E. discretion). Havar bona konoco di aferi. La konoco di krimino. V. exp.: vid. savar. — FIS
  • konoid-o (geom.) conoid. — DEFIRS
  • konosment-o (com., nav.) bill lading. Def.: Dokumento signatata da kapitano o navestro, deklaranta la naturo e quanto di la vari transportata e la kondicioni di transporto. — DFRS
  • konquas-ar (med.) concussion (brain, etc.). — DEFIRS
  • konquest-ar (tr.) to conquer (by force of arms); (fig.) to subdue, vanquish (ulu); (cf. vinkar;) -o: conquest (act); -ajo: object won, acquisition; -anto: conqueror. Ex.: Caesar konquestis Gallia. La konquesto di Algeria da la Franci. — EFIS
  • konsakr-ar (tr.) to dedicate, consecrate (a church, one’s life, etc.); (cf. sakr-igar). — EFIS
  • konsekrac-ar (tr., Cath. lit.) to consecrate: to convert the bread and wine into the proper substance of Christ. — DEFIS
  • konsent-ar (intr.) to consent, give consent, accede, agree, acquiesce; agar konsente kun: to act in concert with; inter-konsente: by mutual agreement; ne- -ar: to dissent. Def.: Adherar a l’opiniono, propozo di altru; implikas chanjo, mental ago e quaze movo. Ex.: Kad vu venos kun ni? Me konsentas (t.e. me volas la samo kam vi, o me voluntas sequar vi; ico dependas nur de la volado, ne de l’intelekto). Lua gepatri ne konsentus a lua mariajo. V. exp.: vid. asentar. — DEFIRS
  • konsequ-ar (intr.) to follow, result, ensue (de ulo); -o: (relation) consequence; -ant-ajo: consequent (event, thing, issue), consequence; -e: consistently, consequently; therefore; -anta: consequent; -ema: consistent; to ne konsequas de: that does not follow from; ica kozi esas di granda konsequo: these things are of great consequence; la konsequentajo di ilua ago: the consequence of his act; il ne esas konsequema en lua aserti: he is not consistent in his statements. — DEFIRS
  • konserv-ar (tr.) to conserve: keep in a safe and sound state; (of fruits, etc.) to preserve; -o: conservation, preservation; -ajo: thing conserved; preserve; -ema, -emo: (also polit.) conservative (person); -em-eso: conservatism; -ar sua saneso: to c. one’s health; instinto di (su-) konserv-(ad)o: the instinct of self-preservation. — DEFIRS
  • konservatori-o (institution) conservatory (of music). — DEFIS
  • konsider-ar (tr.) to consider; (cf. egardar, regardar, atencar, pensar, judikar, evaluar, reflektar, deliberar, meditar); la soldati konsideris il quale patro: the soldiers looked upon him a father; ol esas projeto bone konsiderita: it is a well-considered plan; ol meritas konsidero: it merits consideration; il agas ne-konsider-ante: he acts inconsiderately; konsider-ante vua laborado: in consideration (or, out of consideration) of your work; esas temo konsider-inda: it is a subject worthy of consideration. — DEFIS
  • konsign-ar (tr.) to consign (goods); -ajo, -o di komercaji, di vari: consignment; -ario: consignee. Def.: Sendar vari por vendo segun posibleso. — DEFIRS
  • konsil-ar (tr.) to advise, offer counsel to (ulo ad ulu); -ant-aro, -ist-aro: council (cf. koncilo). — EFIRS
  • konsist-ar (intr.) to consist: have as its foundation, essence, be composed, be made up of. Ex.: Feliceso konsistas en moderemeso e vertuo. Ca armeo konsistas ek infantrio ed ek kavalrio (kp. kompozar). — EFIS
  • konsistori-o (rel.) consistory. — DEFIRS
  • konskript-ar (tr.) to conscript: to enlist by compulsion; -ito: a conscript. — DEFIRS
  • konsol-o (arch., furnit.) console. — DEF
  • konsolac-ar (tr.) to console: comfort (a person) in grief. — EFIS
  • konsold-o (bot.) comfrey, consound (genus: Symphytum).
  • konsolid-ar (tr., fin.) to fund; -ito: consol. — DEFIRS
  • konsome-o (soup, broth) consommé. — DEFIRS
  • konsonanc-ar (intr.) to be agreeable or uniform in sound; -o: consonance, accord (of sounds). — DEFIRS
  • konsonant-o (gram.) consonant. — DEFIRS
  • konsort-o (jur.) consort, associate, partner. — DEFIRS
  • konspir-ar (intr.) to conspire: to hatch a treason against a government; li -is kontre la rejo: they conspired against the king; pulvero- -o: gunpowder plot (Eng. Hist.). V.exp.: vid. komplotar. — DEFIS
  • konsput-ar (tr.) to treat (publically) most contemptuously, scorn, spurn, flout (cf. mok-egar). V. exp.: To esas nek desestimar, nek abominar, ma expresar extere, per paroli, gesti, agi, la desestimo od abomino (etimologie: kovrar per sputaji). — F
  • konstant-a (all senses) constant; (cf. sen-cesa, perman-anta, persist-anta); -o: (math. phys.) a constant (quantity); -eso: constancy; -e: constantly. Ex.: Job esis konstanta (E., steadfast) (od, ferma) en desfortuno. Konstanta en amikeso. (math.) Konstanta quanto (od, konstanto). Konstanta (od, sen-cesa) venti. Konstante bona. Konstanteso di valoro. — DEFIS
  • Konstantinoplo Constantinople.
  • konstat-ar (tr.) to establish, substantiate (for oneself by observation or experiment), to attest, state (after investigation, to other people). (Note: This word applies to serious even scientific observation and proof, rather than to the perceptions of everyday life). La mediko konstatis la prezenteso di...: the physician observed (verified, proved, established) the presence of...; -o: establishing, authentication, verification; postular, donar, recevar (oficala) konstato: to demand, give, receive an (official) acknowledgement (or, certificate) (pri ulo); -ebla: ascertainable, able to be verified or determined. Def.: Certeskar pri la vereso di ula fakto, generale per percepto, observo. Vidar tote certe, explorar tale, ke la fakto esez por vu tote nedubitebla. Ex.: Fakto konstatita (E. established fact). Me verifikis la fakti per exameno di la konstati (E. statements) en la protokolo (od, me konstatis la fakti per exameno di la protokolo). — DF
  • konstern-ar (tr.) to dismay, to strike with, or throw into consternation; ni esis konstern-ata da ilua vorti: we were dismayed by his words. — DEFIS
  • konstip-ar (tr.) to constipate; render costive, bind (the intestines). — EFIRS
  • konstituc-ar (tr.) to constitute: to form, compose, make a thing what it is, make up; -o, -eso: (also polit.) constitution; -anta, -iva: constituting: component, composing, constituent (N.B. not elector; cf. elektanto); -ala: (polit.) constitutional (cf. konstitutionala); -al-eso: constitutionality. Ex.: La psiko e la korpo konstitucas la homo. Ca agi ne konstitucas delikto. La konstitucanti (E. elements) di ulo. La parti konstituc-anta, -iva di korpo. — DEFIRS
  • konstitucion-o (physiol.) constitution; -ala morbo: constitutional disease. Def.: Generala stando di l’organismo rezultanta del anatomiala stando e de la funcionado di omna organi. — DEFIRS
  • konstrikt-ar (tr.) to constrict; to draw together, bind, cramp. Def.: (Konstrikto) La diminuto di ampleso di kavajo (stomako) o truo (ex. La natural aperturi di la korpo esas cirkondita da muskuli konstriktiva). — DEFIRS
  • konstrukt-ar (tr.) to construct: to put the parts of anything together in their proper order, to build. — DEFIRS
  • konsul-o (Roman, modern) consul; -ala: consular; -eso: (function, time) consulate; -eyo: (residence) consulate. — DEFIRS
  • konsult-ar (tr.) to consult (ulu, ulo, pri ulo); (cf. konferar, deliberar); -(ad)o: consultation (also med.). Ex.: Konsultar advokato, vortaro, historio, sua interesti. Konsultanta mediko. Havar konsultanta voco (E. to have the right of discussion without the right of voting). — DEFIRS
  • konsum-ar (tr.) to consume, destroy, use up, wear out, expend. Ex.: La rusto konsumas la fero. La fairo konsumas la domo (kombustante ol). Maladeso konsumas la energio. On konsumas vino, karno, karbono, petrolo, papero, aquo, e energio en la vapor-mashini e mem la mashini ipsa, uzante li. — DEFIRS
  • kont-ar (tr.) to count, reckon (money, trees, people, hours, etc.); to take a census; (cf. kalkular, enumerar); -o: account, reckoning; havar privata konto:to have a private account (at a merchant’s, etc.); kalular la konto (di ulu): to make up the account; kontado di la habit-ant-aro: census of the inhabitants; -isto: accountant; verifikar la kontado: to verify the accounts, the book-keeping; -o kuranta: current account; -ar dekeduope: to count by the dozens; -ilo: counter (machine); (tech.) meter; -o-marko: counter (as in play); -o-yaro: financial year. — DEFIRS
  • kontagi-ar (tr., lit. and fig.) to communicate a contageous disease to (ulu); -o: contagion, pestilence. Def.: Transmisar morbo per kontakto mediata od nemediata kun ulu; (fig.) transmisar etikala malajo per frequento, per imitado nevolata. Ex.: La kontagio di morbo, di vicio. Rido kontagiiva. — DEFIS
  • kontakt-ar (intr.) to be in touch, have contact (kun); -eskar: to come into c.; -igar: to place in c. (ulo, kun ulo); -o-punto: point of c.; -e kun: in c. with; -o ne-mediata: direct contact. — DEFIRS
  • kontamin-ar (tr.) to contaminate, defile; (cf. polutar, koruptar, sordid-igar). — DEFIS
  • kontant-a (of money) ready; (of payments) cash; -o: ready cash or money; -a pago: cash payment; -a kompro: buying for cash. — DEFIS
  • kontempl-ar (tr.) to contemplate. Def.: Regardar longe, ma aktive, kun reflekto o fervoro por studiar o admirar l’objekto. Ex.: Kontemplar la belaji di naturo. Kontemplado di la boneso di Deo. — EFIS
  • konten-ar (tr.) to contain, hold; -o, -eso: containing, capacity; -ajo: content(s); (log.) content; -ant-ajo, -ilo: container; -ema, -oza, -iva: comprehensive. Ex.: Ca tanko kontenas duacent litri. La kontenajo di libro. Donar kontenoza deskripto di ula afero. — EFIS
  • kontent-a content(ed), satisfied; -igar: to content, satisfy. Ex.: Kontenta mieno. Havar kontenteso esas plu bona kam havar richaji. V. exp.: vid. saci-ar. — EFIS
  • kontest-ar (tr.) to contest, dispute, call into question. Ex. Kontestar la yuro di ulu. Kontestar debajo, heredajo. Il havas ne-kontestebla yuro facar to. — EFIS
  • kontigu-a contiguous, adjoining; meeting at the surface or border, touching; -a chambro: adjoining room; (cf. apuda). — DEFIS
  • kontinenc-ar (intr.) to be continent; -o: continence: forbearance of lawful pleasure, restraint of passion for sexual enjoyment. — EFIS
  • kontinent-o (geog.) continent. — DEFIRS
  • kontingent-a (philos.) contingent: happening by chance, casual, accidental; -o: (milit., fin.) contingent, share, quota; -eso, -ajo: (philos.) contingency. Ex.: Kontingent evento; Singlu de la federiti furnisos sua kontingento de trupi e pekunio. Ni agos segun la kontingentajo. — DEFIRS
  • kontinu-a continuous: uninterrupted, unbroken, which goes on without intermittance or break; joined without intervening space; -o, -ajo: (philos.) that which is indivisible (matter, body, space); (cf. sen-cesa, perpetua, dur-anta; prolong-uro, sequ-ant-ajo); -a proporciono: (math.) c. proportion; -a febro: continuous, uninterrupted fever; la lego di -o: the law of continuity. Ant.: intermit-anta, ces-anta, ne-dur-anta. — DEFIS
  • kontor-o counting-house, (business) office, (administrative) bureau; -isto: office clerk, -ist-aro: office force. — DEFR
  • kontraband-ar (tr.) to smuggle (in); -ajo: a contraband article. — DEFIRS
  • kontrabas-o contrabasso: the largest kind of bass-viol, violone, double-bass. — DEFIRS
  • kontradans-o contradance, country dance, old fashioned quadrille. — DEFIS
  • kontrafakt-ar (tr.) to counterfeit (money), to forge (a signature); -uro: counterfeit, forgery (made). — FI
  • kontrafort-o (arch.) counterfort: a buttress, spur or pillar serving to support a wall. — EFIRS
  • kontrakt-ar (tr., phys., anat., gram.) to contract: to draw into a smaller compass, draw together or nearer; to shrink (together); (cf. konstriktar, astriktar, plu-kurt-igar). Def.: Diminuto di longeso, di larjeso o di volumino. Ex.: La maxim multa korpi kontraktesas da la frigoro; muskolo aganta kontraktesas. — DEFIS
  • kontraktur-o (med.) rigidity, stiffness of muscles. Def.: Rigideso duranta, ma nevolita, di muskolo. Ex.: Tetano efektigas grandega kontrakt-uro. — DF
  • kontralt-o (voice or person) contralto, counter-tenor. — DEFIRS
  • kontrapoz-ar (tr., log.) to contrapose. — DEFR
  • kontrapunt-o (mus.) counterpoint. — DEFS
  • kontrast-ar (intr.) to contrast: stand, be in contrast; -igar: to (put in) contrast (ulo, ad ulo). Ex.: Kontrastigar to quon on facas a to quon on intencas facar. Kontrasto di ombro e di lumo. — DEFIRS
  • kontrat-ar (tr., intr.) to make a contract (kun); -o: contract: agreement or covenant between two or more persons; bargain; (cf. paktar). Ex.: Kontratar facar ulo. Kontratar kun la stato facar ulo laboro. Donar vendo-kontrato (E. to give a deed of sale). — DEFIRS
  • kontravenc-ar (tr., intr.) to contravene: transgress, infringe on (regulations, orders, the law, etc.). Ex.: Kontravencar la dekalogo. V. exp.: vid. krimino. — DEFIS
  • kontre (prep.) against: in opposition to, with; in contradiction to, contrary to; in an opposite direction; opposite; (law term) versus; -mea volo: opposite my wish; marchar - la enemiko: to march against the enemy; luktar - des-fortuno: to struggle with adversity; irit-igar - : be exasperated with; agar - sua koncienco: to act against one’s conscience; irar - la fluo: to go against the current; -e: by way of compensation, as a set off, per contra; on the contrary, on the other hand; -ajo: the contrary, opposite (object); -esar: to be opposed (ad); -(ul)o: adversary; -eso: opposition; - ke: (conj.) while (in contrast). In composition kontre has the sense of: counter, contra; (cf. anti-). — DEFIRS
  • kontre-agar (tr.) to act contrary or in opposition to (ulu, ulo), to thwart; -ag-anta, -ema: opposing (fig.) provoking; -ag-em-eso: spirit of contrariety.
  • kontre-asekur-ar (tr.) to insure against.
  • kontre-demand-ar (tr.) to counter-question.
  • kontre-dic-ar (tr.) to gainsay, contradict; inter-kontre-dic-anta: mutually contradictory; su-kontre-dic-anta: self-contradictory.
  • kontre-etik-a immoral.
  • kontre-febr-a antifebrile
  • kontre-fluo counter-flow, -current.
  • kontre-frapo, -shoko counter-blow.
  • kontre-imper-o counter-order.
  • kontre-indik-o contra-indication (chiefly med.).
  • kontre-jud-a anti-Semitic; -o: anti-Semite.
  • kontre-klerik-a anticlerical; -ismo: anticlericalism.
  • kontre-konstituc-a anti-constitutional.
  • kontre-march-ar to counter-march.
  • kontre-min-ar (tr.) to countermine.
  • kontre-monarki-a anti-monarchical.
  • kontre-nacion-a anti-national.
  • kontre-natur-a unnatural.
  • kontre-pap-o antipope.
  • kontre-parol-ar (tr.) to speak against, rejoin to.
  • kontre-pez-ajo counter-poise, -balance, -weight.
  • kontre-pled-o counter-plea, opposition speech.
  • kontre-propoz-o counter-proposal.
  • kontre-putr-a antiseptic: preventing putrefaction; (cf. asepta).
  • kontre-religi-a anti-religious.
  • kontre-reproch-ar to recriminate.
  • kontre-revolucion-o counter-revolution.
  • kontre-senc-o contrary sense, meaning.
  • kontre-signat-ar to countersign; -o, -uro: countersign(ing).
  • kontre-sins-a in the opposite direction, backwards.
  • kontre-skarp-o (fort.) counterscarp. — DEFIS
  • kontre-skorbut-a anti-scorbitic, scurvy.
  • kontre-soci-a anti-social.
  • kontre-spasm-a anti-spasmodic.
  • kontre-torpedo-navo torpedo-boat destroyer.
  • kontre-venen-o counter-poison, antidote.
  • kontre-verm-a, -o vermifuge.
  • kontre-vol-a reluctant, -e: unwillingly.
  • kontribut-ar (tr., intr.) to contribute (ulo, ad ulo). Ex.: Kontributar duimo di la sumo. Kontributajo a la suceso di la afero. To esos kontributiva a vua feliceso (E. that will be conducive to your happiness). — DEFIRS
  • kontric-ar (intr., rel.) to feel deep sorrow for sin; -o: contrition, remorse, repentance; -anta: contrite. — DEFIS
  • kontrol-ar (tr.) to control by checking, verification, entering into a counter-register or counter-roll; -o: checking, verification; -isto: controller, comptroller; -eyo: comptroller’s office; -o-libro: register kept to correct another register; (milit.) muster-roll; -o-marko: check-mark; hall-mark; -mark-izar: to counter-check, mark; -o-bilieto: (theat-.) check; -expertizo: counter-survey; -inquesto: counter-inquiry; -voko: second roll-call, check-roll-call. — DEFIRS
  • kontrovers-ar (tr.) to controvert, dispute, discuss. Def.: (kontroverso) Debato pri questiono, opiniono, e.c., precipue pri temi religiala, filozofiala. — DEFIS
  • kontumac-a (jur.) contumacious: disobedient to a lawful summons; non-appearing; defaulting; -(ul)o: a c. person; -eso: contumacy, default; judiciar kom -o: to default, declare to be contumacious. — DEFIS
  • kontur-o contour, outline: the line that bounds a figure; -izar: to outline, give proper contour. — DEFIRS
  • kontuz-ar (tr., med.) to contuse, bruise (by blow or fall). — DEFIRS
  • konvalec-ar (intr.) to be convalescent. — DEFIS
  • konvekt-ar (tr., phys.) to transfer (heat, electricity) by means of currents in liquids or gases; -o: convection. Def.: Modo di transporto di la koloro, dil elektro. — DEFIRS
  • konven-ar (intr.) to suit: be suitable, be fitting, be congruous, be proper, fit in, match; (cf. decar); (impers.) to be expedient, be advisable, be convenient; -o: fitness, suitableness, pertinence; (pl.) good manners, decorum, proprieties; -anta: suitable, proper, expedient, pertinent, convenient; ne- -ajo: inconvenience; ca loko konvenas bone ad il: this place will well suit him; tala laudo ne konvenas a me: such praise does not suit me; konvenas facar: it is advisable to be silent; ne konvenas a me dicar: it does not beseem me to say; obediar la konveni: to observe the rules of decorum; la konveno di mariajo: the suitableness of marriage; domo kun multa nekonvenaji: a house with many inconveniences. — EFIS
  • konvencion-ar (intr.) to make an agreement, come to a (written) understanding; -o: agreement, covenant, convention, pact; -ala: conventional: stipulated; tacitly understood, arising out of custom; -ala linguo (od, parolado): conventional language; parola -o: verbal agreement; skribita -o: written agreement; la historiisti ne -as pri la dato: the historians do not agree as to the date; la testi konvencionis dicar: the witnesses agreed to say. — DEFIRS
  • konvent-o convention, assembly; conventicle: assembly, usually secret, as of freemasons; nacionala -o: national convention. — DEFIS
  • konverg-ar (intr.) to converge: tend to a point. Ant.: divergar. — DEFIS
  • konvers-ar (intr.) to converse (kun); -etar: to chat. — DEFIRS
  • konversion-o (milit.) a change of front, wheeling.
  • konvert-ar (tr., rel., fin.) to convert; -ar pagani, pek-anti: to convert heathen, sinners (cf. transformar). — DEFIRS
  • konvex-a convex. Ant.: konkava. — DEFIRS
  • konvink-ar (tr.) to convince (ulu, pri ulo); me konvinkesas ke il mentias: I am convinced that he is lying; -anta, -iva pruvo: convincing proof. — EFIS
  • konvolvul-o (bot.) convolvulus, bind-weed, morning-glory (genus: Convolvulus). — EFIS
  • konvoy-ar (tr.) to convoy: transport, convey troops, munitions, etc. (usually under armed escort); -o: convoy(ing), transport(ing); -o-navo: transport (ship); -al eskort-navo: escort ship to a convoy. Def.: Transportar soldati, municioni, e.c. per serio de veturi o navi. V. exp.: Konvoyo esas la transporto e, per extenso, la serio de veturi (o navi) ipsa. Konvoyar ne esas sinomimo di akompanar, eskortizar: on eskortizas konvoyo. — DEFIS
  • konvuls-ar (intr.) to have a violent and involuntary contraction of the muscles; -igar: to convulse; -o: convulsion, fit; -ala, -atra: convulsive. V. exp.: Konvulso (konvulsi) esas general e duranta kontrakti di la muskuli, ne volita, ma pro nerval influo. Spasmo esas kontrakto lokala (di un muskulo aparta), generale bruska e neduranta. Krampo esas kontrakto partala e doloroza di un muskulo (ex. En la suro). — DEFIRS
  • konyak-o cognac (French) brandy. — DEFIRS
  • kooper-ar (intr.) to cooperate ( in a co-operative institution); (cf. kunlaborar, kontributar (ad); -ala, -anta societo: cooperative society. — DEFIRS
  • kooperativ-o cooperative. — EFIRS
  • koopt-ar (tr.) to co-opt: to choose or elect a fellow member. Def.: Adjuntar a su membro per interna elekto. Ex.: La elektita komisitaro havis la yuro di koopto, e kooptis Sro. X. pro la specala autoritato. — DEF
  • koordin-ar (tr.) to co-ordinate: dispose, adjust; -iti: (geom.) coordinates. Def.: Kombinar en la ordino asignita da la formo o la naturo di l’elementi. Ex.: Koordinodi la muskuli. — DEFIRS
  • kopaiv-o copaiba, copaiva (balsam); -iero: c. tree (genus: Copaiba). — DEFISL
  • kopal-o copal, a resin. — DEFIRS
  • kopernici-o (chem.) copernicium.
  • kopi-ar (tr.) to copy: write, print, engrave, or paint, alter an original; (cf. imitar); -o: copying; -uro: a copy; -anto, -ero, -isto: copyist; -o-pres-ilo: copying-press; -o-registro: copying register (for letters, etc.); -o atestita: a certified copy; -inko: copying ink; -uro korektigita, emendita: corrected copy; -o neta: a clean copy. — DEFIRS
  • kopr-o copra. — DEFIRS
  • koprolit-o (paleon.) coprolite. — DEF
  • kops-o copse, coppice. — E
  • kopul-o copula. — DEFIS
  • kopulac-ar (intr.) to copulate: unite in sexual intercourse (kun); -igar: to pair (animals for breeding). — DEFIS
  • koqu-ar (tr.) to cook (food) by baking, boiling, broiling, roasting, etc.; (cf. bakar, stufar, boli-igar, grilar, rostar); -ajo: something cooked; -isto: cook; -art-ala: culinary; -il-aro: cooking utensils; -ey-estro: chief cook. — EFIRS
  • korali-o coral; -ala, -atra: coralline, coralline-like. — DEFIRS
  • koram (prep.) in the presence of; -me: in my presence; -la rejo: in the presence of the king. — L
  • koran-o Koran. — DEFIRS
  • korb-o basket; -o-botelo: demi-john, carboy; (cf. damijano). — DF
  • korbel-o (arch.) corbel. — EF
  • kord-o line, cord, rope; (geom.) chord; (of an arch.) span, chord; -ego: large rope, hawser (cf. kablo); -aro: cordage; -eto: small rope, string, twine; -igar: to twist, twine (like a rope); -ifar: to make ropes; -if-eyo, -erio: rope-walk; -(et) izar, -ligar: to cord, bind; -o-dans-isto: rope-dancer; -o-skalo: rope-ladder. — EFIS
  • kordi-o (anat., fig. of affections and cards) heart; -ala: cardiac; (fig.) cordial; -al-eso: cordiality; -ika, -iko: heart-diseased (person); -o-lacer-anta: poignant; heart-rending, harrowing. — DEFIS
  • Kordilier-i Cordilleras.
  • kordit-o cordite. — DEFIRS
  • kordon-o a short cord or ribbon; as: klosh-(et)- -o: bell-cord, -pull; tir- -o: check-string for doors, carriages, etc.); zon- -o: girdle (as of monks); shu- -o: shoe-string, lachet; chapel- -o: hat-band, -string; umbilik-ala -o: umbilical cord, navel string; (honor-) -o: cord or ribbon worn as a decoration; milit-ala, epidemi-ala -o: (fig.) military, sanitary cordon: a line of sentinels, guards. — EFIRS
  • Kore-a Korea; -ano: Korean.
  • kore-o (med.) chorea, St. Vitus’s dance. — DEFS
  • korekt-a correct: conforming to the rules or the conventional standard, accurate, exact, right, faultless; -igar: to correct (cf. emendar, punisar); -ig-uro: (result) correction; -ig-ebla: corrigible. Ex. Korekta frazo, konduto. Korektigar la mori di ula naciono. V.exp.: vid. emendar. — DEFIRS
  • korelat-ar (intr.) to be in correlation; -anta, -iva: -ivo: correlative: standing in reciprocal relation; -iva termini: correlative terms. — DEFIRS
  • korespond-ar (intr.) to correspond: to hold communication by letters, (kun ulu); to answer in character, function, etc., be adequate (ad ulo); (cf. konform-esar, konkordar). — DEFIRS
  • koriandr-o (bot.) coriander (Coriandrum sativum). — DEFIS
  • koribant-o (antiq.) Corybant: a priest of Cybele. — DEFIRS
  • koridor-o corridor, passage-way. — DEFIRS
  • korife-o (antiq.) coryphæus (ballet) coryphee; (fig.) one distinguished in his profession or in a society. — DEFIRS
  • korimb-o (bot.) corymb. — EFIS
  • korint-o, -i (dried or shop) currant(s). — DFRS
  • korion-o chorion, the outside membrane of the foetus. — DEFIS
  • kork-o cork(-bark); -o-querko: c. tree; -izar: to cork (a bottle), to lay c. on (a floor, etc.); -o-flotac-ero: c. float; c. belt; -o-tir-ilo: corkscrew. — DE
  • kormoran-o (orni.) cormorant (genus: Phalacrocorax). — DEFI
  • korn-o horn (of animals, as material or as used in wind instrument); -a, -oza, -atra: corneous, horned, horny; -izar: to put horns on; -agar: to horn, gore; -eskar: to become h.; -isto, -ero: horn-blower; -e anuncar, proklamar: to blare out, trumpet; -o-plear: to blow or wind the h.; -o-brancho: antler; abundo- -o: horn of plenty, cornucopia; tri-korna chapelo: three cornered hat; -o-kofio: cornet: head-dress worn by sisters of charity. — EFIS
  • kornaj-ar (med.) to be short of breath. — DEFIRS
  • kornak-o cornac: elephant driver, mahout. — DEFIS
  • kornalin-o (min.) cornelian, carnelian. — DEFIS
  • kornamuz-o bagpipe; -o-plear: (intr.) to play the bagpipe. — FIS
  • korne-o (anat.) cornea. — DEFIS
  • kornel-o (bot.) cornel-berry, dog-berry; -iero: cornel (genus:Cornus). — DEFIRS
  • kornet-o (instr.) horn, kind of trumpet; papera -o: paper cone (as for holding candy); valvo- -o: cornet: cornet-a-pistons; (valvo-) -isto: cornetist. — DEFIS
  • kornic-o (arch.) cornice. — EFIRS
  • kornik-o (orni.) crow; (cf. korvo, frugilego). — FIS
  • Kornwal Cornwall.
  • korod-ar (tr.) to corrode; -anta, -iva: corrosive. Ex.: La rusto korodas la fero. — DEFIS
  • koroid-o (anat.) choroid coat of the eye.
  • kor-o, -kant-aro choir, quire, chorus (the singers); -ala: choral; -kanto: chorus (song); -ano, -(kant)isto: chorister; -ista puero: choir boy; -estro: choir leader; kantar kor-e, -atre: to sing in chorus. — DEFIRS
  • korol-o (bot.) corolla. — DEFIS
  • korolari-o (log., math.) corollary. — DEFIRS
  • *koroner-o coroner. Def.: Oficisto charjita pri determinar la kauzi di morto. — E
  • korp-o body: total organised substance of a person, animal or plant; the principal part of anything; (milit.) corps; -ala: corporal, corporeal, bodily; -eskar: to become body, materialize; -exerc-(ad)o: bodily exercise; -o-gard-isto: bodyguard. — DEFIRS
  • korporacion-o corporation (cf. gildo). — DEFIRS
  • korporal-o (Cath. lit.) corporal: communion cloth. — DEFIS
  • korpulent-a corpulent, stout (cf. obeza, repleta). Def.: Ta qua havas la tota korpo (anke la membri) grosa, dika; lu esas muskuloza, do generale forta e sana. — DEFIS
  • korpuskul-o corpuscle. — DEFIS
  • kors-o public-drive, -walk. Def.: Speco di promeneyo en urbo. — DFI
  • korsaj-o corsage, bodice. — EF
  • korsar-o corsair: privateer; (fig.) pirate; (cf. pirato); -navo: privateer. — DEFIRS
  • korset-o corset, stays; -izar: to corset (ulu); -kovr-ilo: corset cover. — DEFRS
  • Korsik-a Corsica; -ano: Corsican.
  • kort-o (of justice, of sovereign) court: (of a house) court(-yard); -ana: courtly (person); -ano: courtier, member of a court; -an-eso: courtliness; -o supera, eceptala: highest court, court of appeals. — EFIS
  • kortic-o (also anat.) cortex: bark (of trees); sen-kortic-igar: to strip trees of bark. — EFIS
  • kortizon-o cortisone. — DEFIRS
  • korund-o (min.) corundum. — DEFIRS
  • korupt-ar (tr., phys., moral) to corrupt: taint, spoil; deprave, demoralize. Ex.: La kaloro balde koruptas karno en la somero. Koruptar linguo, texto, judiciisto, la mori di ulu. — DEFIRS
  • korv-o (orni.) raven (Corvus corax); (astron.) Corvus. — L
  • korve-ar (intr.) to do corvee; to do compulsory (or, statute-) labo(u)r (on highways, etc.); (milit.) to do fatigue duty. — EF
  • korvet-o (nav.) corvette; sloop of war. — DEFIRS
  • ko-sek-ant-o (geom.) cosecant.
  • Koshinchini-a Cochin-China; -ano: Cochin-Chinese.
  • koshmar-o nightmare. — FR
  • ko-sinus-o (geom.) cosine.
  • kosm-o cosmos, -ala: cosmic. — DEFIRS
  • kosmetik-o (art of using) cosmetics; -ajo: cosmetic article; -ala: cosmetic. — DEFIRS
  • kosmogoni-o cosmogony. — DEFIRS
  • kosmografi-o cosmography. — DEFIRS
  • kosmologi-o cosmology. — DEFIRS
  • kosmonaut-o cosmonaut. — DEFIRS
  • kosmopolit-a, -o cosmopolitan. — DEFIRS
  • kost-o (anat.) rib; (tech.) any curved timber, or curved protubertance shaped or used like a rib; -ala: costal — EFIS
  • Kostarik-a Costa-Rica.
  • kostum-o costume, garb, dres; (cf. vest-aro); -isto, -vend-isto, -lugisto: costumier. — DEFIR
  • kot-o (com., fin.) quotation: current price for stocks and shares; letter (A, B, C, etc.), number (1,2,3, etc.), used in classifying papers; -izar: to put a quotation on; give a number, a letter to; (cf. quoto, kurso). — F
  • ko-tangent-o (trig.) co-tangent.
  • koten-o (pathol.) buffy coat (of the skin). — I
  • kotiledon-o (bot.) cotyledon. — DEFIS
  • kotilion-o (dance) cotillion. — DEFIS
  • kotiloid-o, -a kavajo (anat.) cotyloid.
  • kotlet-o cutlet, chop. — DEFIR
  • koton-o cotton; -a: (of) c. -ajo: c. stuff, c. goods; -fabrik-isto: c. weaver; -satino: satinette; -veluro: velveteen, corduroy; pulvero- -o, nitro- -o: gun-cotton. — EFIS
  • koturn-o buskin (shoe). — DFIS
  • kov-ar (tr.) to hatch, incubate, brood over, sit on (eggs); -ajo: nest of eggs (for hatching, incubating); -yun-aro: brood (of chickens); -er-ino, -ant-ino: brooding hen; -aparato: incubator. — FI
  • kovr-ar (tr.) to cover (ulu, ulo, per ulo); -ilo: lid — EFIS
  • koxalgi-o coxalgia: pain in the hip. — DEF
  • koyot-o coyote. — DEFIRS
  • koz-o thing. — FIS
  • kozak-o Cossack. — DEFIRS
  • krab-o crab (Cancer); (cf. kankro). — DEFR
  • krag-o (clergyman’s or lawyer’s) band. V. exp.: Ne kolumo, ma stofo-peco qua pendas de la kolumo avane. — D
  • krak-ar (intr.) to crack, (of something breaking, also of voice and financial sense); -(ad)o: cracking, creaking, snapping (as of fire, boughs); (fin.) crash; -etar: to crackle (as a dish). Ex.: La glacio krakis sub nia pedi. Ruptanta trabo krakas. La bisquito kraketas inter nia denti. V. exp.: vid. klakar. — DEF
  • krak ! crack! bang! crash! pop!
  • kraknel-o cracknel: a hard, brittle biscuit. — EF
  • kramp-o cramp (in a muscle); skribo- -o: writer’s c. V. exp.: vid. konvulso. — DEF
  • krampon-o (tech.) cramp-iron: a piece of iron bent at the ends for fastening things together; (print.) bracket ([ ]). — DEFIS
  • kran-o crane, derrick: machine for lifting and moving heavy loads; (cf. argano). — DER
  • krani-o skull, cranium. — EFIS
  • krapul-ar (intr.) to live or indulge in gross debauchery, crapulence. V. exp.: vid. debochar. — DEFIS
  • kras-o layer of dirt, smut which gathers on skin, linen, firearms, etc., -oza: filthy, nasty, squalid; -izar: to foul, dirty. Def.: Desnetajo di la pelo, ed, analoge, sur la surfaco di ula kozi. — FS
  • krateg-o (bot.) hawthorn, whitethorn (Crataegus). — L
  • krater-o (geo.) crater; (antiq.) crater: a wine bowl. — DEFIRS
  • kravach-o riding-whip; (cf. flog-ilo). — DF
  • kravat-o cravat, necktie: -ego: muffler, comforter (for neck). — DEFI
  • krayon-o crayon (of chalk, etc.), (lead-)pencil; -tali-ilo: pencil sharpener. — EF
  • kraz-o (gram.) crasis. — DEFIS
  • kre-ar (tr.) to create; (cf. produktar, fondar, institucar); -(ad)o: creation (act); -it-aro: creation: all creatures; -uro: creation (result); -ito, -ajo: creature. Ex.: Deo kreis la cielo e la tero. Krear vorti. Cuvier kreis la paleontologio. La kreuri dil industrio. Vivanta kreiti. — EFIS
  • krecent-o crescent; (fig., cook.) a crescent-shaped roll. — EFIS
  • kred-ar (tr.) to believe (ulu, ulo); me tote ne -as to: I do not believe it at all; -ar historio: to believe (in) history; -ar ulu kom richa: to believe someone to be rich; kred-igar ulo da ulu (igar ulu kredar ulo): to cause someone to believe something; -o: faith, belief, believing; -end-ajo, -formulo, -artiklo, -i: creed; -ema: credulous; -ebla, -inda: credible; -o-deklaro: declaration of faith; -ar rumoro: to credit a rumo(u)r. — EFIRS
  • kredenc-o (in church) credence (-table); (in house) sideboard, buffet. — DEFIS
  • kredit-ar (tr., com.) to credit: to enter upon the credit side of an account; to give trust or credit to (ulu) (cf. kredar); -o: credit: reputation for solvency; delay in payment (cf. estimo); -ajo: a c. entry; -anto, -ero: creditor; -o-letro: letter of c.; -o-konto: a c. account; -e vendar: to sell on c.; sen- -igar, des- -izar: to discredit; to deprive of (commercial) c.; (fig.) to bring into disrepute; (cf. kredar). Ant.: debet-igar. — DEFIRS
  • krem-o cream; (fig.) the best part of anything; -ea, -eo: cream-color(ed); -uyo: c. holder, c. jug; -o quirlita: whipped-c.; -jeleo: blancmange. — DEFIRS
  • kremac-ar (tr.) to cremate; -eyo, -forno: crematorium. — EFIS
  • kremon-o window-fastening (vertical, as in car windows). Def.: Stango qua restas vertikala, e qua, sive rotacante cirkum sua axo, sive per shovo-movo (komandata per maneto) engajas su (o sua hoki) en trui supre ed infre en la fenestro; (kp. spanyoleto). — F
  • krenel-o crenelle: loop-hole, embrasure (in a battlement); -izo, -iz-uro: crenellation, indentation; (coins) milling. — EF
  • kreol-a; -o, -ulo, -ino: creole. — DEFIRS
  • kreozot-o (chem.) creosote. — DEFIRS
  • krep-o (crepe) crape; -izar: to cover with crape. — DEFR
  • krepis-ar (tr.) to rough-cast, rough-coat, parget, give a coat of plaster to (a wall). — F
  • krepit-ar (intr.) to crepitate; to make a crackling sound (also surg. of noise of fractured bones). — DEFIS
  • krepon-o (fabris) crepon: a thick crape. — DEFIRS
  • krepuskul-o crepuscule: twilight (in evening or morning). — EFIS
  • kres-o (bot.) (water-)cress. — DEFIR
  • kresk-ar (intr.) to grow (esp. of living things; cf. augmentar, plu-grand-igar, divenar); -igar: to cause (ulo, ulu) to grow; -eskar: to start growing; -ante: (mus.) crescendo. Ex.: Herbi, hari, homi kreskas. La pluvo kreskigas la frumento. — FIS
  • kresp-o pancake. — F
  • krest-o (all senses) crest, top, ridge; han(ul)o- -o: cock’s comb; monto- -o: top of a mountain; -o di ondo: crest of a wave; -o di suceso: crest of success. — EFIS
  • krestomati-o chrestomathy: select passages to be used in learning a language. — DEFIRS
  • kret-o chalk; -oza, -atra: chalky, cretaceous; -krayono: chalk-crayon. — DEFIS
  • kretin-o, -ulo, -ino cretin. — DEFIRS
  • kreton-o (fabric) cretonne. — DEFRS
  • krev-ar (tr., intr.) to burst, break suddenly, fly open. Ex.: Se vu tro plenigus la sako, ol krevos. La abceso krevis. Krevar pro rido. — FI
  • krevet-o shrimp (Crangon vulgaris). — F
  • krevis-ar (tr., intr.) to crack, chap, chink (surface only, as in china, hands). V. exp.: Expresas surfacala fendeto, qua eventas ex. en la sulo, en la muri, en la glacio, en la pelo, e.c. To esas altro kam fendeto: nam ex. vazo krevisita nule esas fendita. — EFI
  • kri-ar (intr.) to scream, cry out: make inarticulate noise (men and animals); -etar: to whine, whimper; -achar: to bawl (cf. plor-achar). V. exp.: vid. klamar. — EFIRS
  • kribl-o screen: a coarse sieve for separating stones from earth, dust from coals, etc.; (cf. sivo); -o-reziduo: siftings. — FIS
  • krik-o lifting-jack, screw-jack, hand-screw. — FIS
  • kriket-o (game) cricket; -bat-ilo: cricket bat; -agro, -eyo: cricket ground; -lud-anto, -ero, -isto: cricketer. — DEFIRS
  • krik-krak (onom.) crick-crack.
  • krimin-ar (intr.) to commit a crime; -o: crime (such as treason, murder, arson, etc.); -ala: criminal (law, etc.); -anta, -inta, -oza: criminal (person); -anto: criminal, malefactor, -al-igar: to make a criminal out of (ulu); -al-isto: criminal law specialist; -oz-eso: criminality; -o morte punis-ebla: a capital crime. V.exp.: Segun la Franca yuro, la ofensi kontre la lego, segun la grado di graveso, esas: krimino (E. crime), delikto (E. misdemeano(u)r), kontravenco (E. trespass). — DEFIRS
  • krin-o hair (of animal’s mane or tail); -aro: (horse’s) mane; kaval- -o: horse-hair; -kamiz-eto: hair-shirt. — FIS
  • krinolin-o (fabric or dress) crinoline. — DEFIRS
  • kriofor-o (phys.) cryophorus. — DEFIS
  • kriolit-o cryolite. — DEFIRS
  • kriometr-o cryometer. — DEFIS
  • krioskop-o cryoscope. — DFIS
  • krioskopi-o (phys., med.) cryoscopy. — DEFIS
  • krip-o crib: manger, feeding-trough; (cf. bers-ilo). — DEFI
  • kripl-a maimed, crippled; (cf. infirma); -igar: to cripple, maim. Def.: Qua perdis membro, o lua uzebleso per deformo. V. exp.: On povas esar infirma sen esar kripla: multa oldi esas infirma (blinda, surda, nekapabla marchar, e.c.) nam li ankore konservas omna sua membri e korpala integreso, sen esar kripla. Ed on povas esar kripla sen esar infirma (ex. ulu a qua mankas nur un fingro o falango esas kripla, ma ne remarkeble infirma: segun la legala termino, lua labor-kapableso ne diminutesis). — DE
  • kript-o crypt. — DEFIRS
  • kriptogam-o, -a (bot.) cryptogam(ous). — DEFIS
  • kriptograf-ar (tr.) to write (ulo) in cryptogram (secret characters). — DEFIRS
  • kripton-o krypton. — DEFIRS
  • krism-o (Cath. and Gr. lit.) chrism, holy-oil. — DEFIS
  • krisp-a (of hair) crisp: woolly (as on negroes). — EL
  • Krist-o Christ; -ana, -ano: Christian; -an-aro, -mondo: Christendom; -an-eso: Christianity (quality); -an-ismo: Christianity (doctrine); -o-teologio: Christology; ante Kristo (a K.): before Christ (B.C.); pos kristo (p. K.): after Christ, anno domini (A.D.); -o-nask-o, -ala: Christmas. — DEFIRS
  • kristal-o crystal; -igar, -eskar: to crystallize; -a glaso: cut glass; (cf. quarco). — DEFIRS
  • kristalin-o (anat.) crystalline lens (of the eye). — DEFIRS
  • kristalografi-o crystallography. — DEFIRS
  • kristaloid-o (chem.) crystalloid.
  • kriteri-o criterion. — DEFIRS
  • kritic-ismo critical philosophy: the metaphysical system of Kant.
  • kritik-ar (tr.) to criticise (ulu, ulo); to examine and judge critically; (cf. blamar); -achar: to make unjust criticism of, to carp at. — DEFIRS
  • kriz-o crisis, decisive moment, critical time, turning point; -ala: critical: relating to a crisis. — DEFIRS
  • krizalid-o (ent.) chrysalis, nymph, pupa, grub. — DEFIS
  • krizantem-o (bot.) chrysanthemum (genus: Chrysanthemum). — DEFIRSL
  • krizokalk-o pinch-beck: an alloy of copper and zinc resembling gold. — DFIS
  • kroas-ar (intr.) (of crows) to caw; (of frogs) to croak. — F
  • Kroati-a Croatia; -ano: Croatian.
  • kroch-ar (tr.) to crochet. — EFR
  • krok-ar (tr.) to craunch, crunch (with the teeth and fig.). Def.: Mastikar ulo harda qua ruptesas bruise. — F
  • kroket-o (game) croquet. — DEFIRS
  • krokodil-o crocodile. — DEFIRS
  • krom-o chrome, chromium. — DEFIRS
  • kromatik-a (mus., opt.) chromatic. — DEFIS
  • kromatografi-o chromatography. — DEFIRS
  • kromolitograf-ar (intr.) to make chromolithographs. — DEFIRS
  • kromosom-o (biol.) chromosome.
  • kromotip-ar (tr.) to chromotype: print in colo(u)rs. — DEFR
  • kromotipograf-ar to print in chromotypography.
  • kron-o crown (also fig. as of teeth); -izar: to crown; -izo: crowning, coronation; (fig.) crowning (as of a career); -iz-uro: (arch.) crown-piece, coping; sen- -igar, des- -izar: to uncrown. — DEFIRS
  • kronglas-o crown glass. — DEFIRS
  • kronik-o chronicle; -isto: chronicler. — DEFIRS
  • kronik-a (med.) chronic: of long duration; -eso: chronic state; -eskar: to become chronic. — DEFIRS
  • kronologi-o chronology. — DEFIRS
  • kronometr-o chronometer. — DEFIRS
  • kronometri-o chronometry: the art of measuring time. — DEFIRS
  • krop-o (of birds) crop; -umo: dewlap (as of oxen). — DE
  • kros-o (gen.) any long object with a hook-like end; (of bishop) crozier, pastoral staff; (in hockey) hockey-bat; (of a pistol or musket) butt-end. Def.: Senco generala: kurvigita extremajo. — F
  • krotal-o (zool.) rattlesnake (genus: Crotalus). — FISL
  • kroton-o (bot.) croton (genus: Croton). — DEFIRS
  • kroz-ar (intr., nav.) to cruise; -navo: cruiser. — DEFIRS
  • kru-o crew. — E
  • kruc-o cross; -e: crossways; -umar: (tr.) to c. (roads, etc.); -igar: to make a c. of (ulo); -forma: cruciform; -voyo: cross-way, cross-road; -sign-izar su: to c. oneself; facar kruco-signo: to make the sign of the c.; -agar: to crucify (ulu); -ag-ito: crucified person; -eto di fenestro: sash-bar; -o-kapo: cross-head (of a piston); -o-milito: crusade; -o-milit-anto: crusader; -o-port-isto: cross-bearer. — DEFIRS
  • kruch-o pitcher, jug; -edo: pitcherful. Def.: Tera o porcelana vazo kun larja ventro e streta kolo, kun anso e kun varsilo. — DFR
  • krucifer-o, -a (bot.) crucifer(ous). — DEFIS
  • krucifix-o crucifix. — DEFIRS
  • krud-a crude: not changed from its natural state; (of foods) uncooked; unwrought; (fig.) lacking finish, polish; -a petro: rough ashlar, rough building stone; -a karno: raw, uncooked meat; -a ledro: crust leather; -a silko: raw silk; -a metalo: crude metal, unwrought metal; (fig.) -a penso: crude thought; -a koloro: crude colo(u)r. — EFIS
  • kruel-a cruel (tyrant, law, war, etc.); -eg-ajo: an atrocity. — EFIS
  • krug-o (wooden or metal) mug, pot (as used for carrying or measuring liquids). — D
  • krul-ar (intr.) to fall in, collapse, tumble down (in pieces with noise); (fig.) to sink in ruin; la domo -a: the house is falling; (fig.) la tota sistemo -as: the whole system is sinking into ruin. V. exp.: To ne esas simple falar, ma falar kun bruiso, rupteskante e dispeceskante; anke rulante sur inklineso. — FI
  • krum-o soft part of bread; (cf. pano-pec-eto). Def.: Parto interna e mola di pano. — DE
  • krumpl-ar (tr.) to rumple, crumple, (rough) crease. Ex.: Krumplar robo, papero. — DE
  • krup-o (med.) croup. — DEFIRS
  • krupier-o croupier (at gaming table). — DEFI
  • krur-o thigh; -ala: crural, femoral. — DEFIS
  • krust-o crust (of bread, of earth, etc.); (of a sore) scab; -izar: to encrust (ulo); -o-peco: crouton, piece of crust. — DEFIS
  • krustace-o crustacean. — DEFIS
  • kruzel-o crucible: melting-pot; -agar: (tr.) to assay, refine (with a crucible). — EFIS
  • kuaf-ar (tr.) to dress the hair of (ulu); -isto: hair-dresser, coiffeur. Def.: Aranjar la hararo di ulu. — DEF
  • Kub-a Cuba; -ano: Cuban.
  • kub-o (geom., arith.) cube; -igar: to c.; radiko: c. root; metro- -o: cubic meter (metre). — DEFIRS
  • kubeb-o cubeb (-pepper). — DEFIRS
  • kubit-o (anat.) cubitus: ulna (bone). — EFIS
  • kuboid-o (anat.) cuboid. — EF
  • kud-o elbow, knee; -igar, -izar: to make an e. out of (ulo); (fig.) to bend (ulo) in the form of an e.; -pulsar: (od, shokar, frapar per la kudi): to elbow, jostle (with elbows); -mezuro: cubit (-measure); -apogar: to lean on the e., -apog-ilo: e. rest; inter-tushar la kudi: to be e. to e. — FIS
  • kugl-o bullet, musket-ball; -ego: cannon-ball; -eto: (small-) shot; -espruva: bullet-proof. V. exp.: vid. balono. — D
  • kuk-o cake; -ajo: a pastry; -(if)isto: pastry-cook; -vend-erio: a pastry-selling establishment. — DE
  • kukombr-o cucumber. — DEFS
  • kukul-o (orni.) cuckoo (genus: Cuculus); -horlojo: cuckoo clock. — DEFIRS
  • kukurbit-o (bot.) pumpkin; (chem.) cucurbit. — EFIS
  • kukurbitace-o cucurbitaceous plant (as cucumber, melon, squash, pumpkin, gourd). — EFIS
  • kul-o bottom (of objects); arse, buttocks (of persons); -o di botelo, di lampo: bottom of a bottle, a lamp. V. exp.: vid. sedo. — FIS
  • kulat-o breech (of a cannon, musket, etc.); -izar: to cover the breech of. — FIS
  • kulbut-ar (intr.) -igar: (tr.) to somersault, turn upside down; (nav.) to capsize; -e: head over heels; (cf. renversar). — F
  • kulc-o (ent.) gnat, midge (Culex).
  • kulebrin-o (ancient cannon) culverin. — EFIS
  • «kuli» coolie, cooly: cheap laborer in the Orient.
  • kulier-o spoon; -ego: ladle; -edo: spoonful; kafe- -o: teaspoon. — F
  • kulis-o coulisse: (tech.) a groove in which something glides; (theat.) side scene, wing; (finan.) outside stock-exchange, or ‘curb market’; -isto: stock-jobber, outside-broker; green-room frequenter (theat.). — DEFR
  • kulmin-ar (intr.) culminate: to reach its highest altitude or meridian; to reach the highest point, as of rank, number, size, glory, power, etc. — DEFIRS
  • kulp-ar (intr.) to commit a fault, to err; -o: fault, blunder: deviation from duty, propriety through human weakness; deviation from rule through indolence or ignorance; (cf. pekar); -anta, -inta, -oza: culpable; sen- -a: faultless, (fig.) guiltless; -eto: petty fault, peccadillo. — EFIS
  • kult-ar (tr.) to worship; -o: cult; worship. — DEFIRS
  • kultel-o knife; -ego: large knife; cutlass. — FI
  • kultiv-ar (tr.) to cultivate: till (land); raise, as plant or crop, by tillage; (of arts, letters, the mind, etc.) to improve and develop by study and training; (of friendship, acquaintance, etc.) to pay assiduous attention to, to foster; -(ad)o, -eso: cultivation, tillage, husbandry; -ebla: cultivable, arable. Ex.: Kultivar agro, viti, flori. Kultivar sua spirito, sua memoro, mem sua korpo (on parolas pri korpala kultivado). Instruktisto, edukisto, anke kultivas la spirito di sua dicipuli, lia atenciveso, lia kurajo, ed altra fakultati e vertui. Individui o populi povas kultivar ca or ta cienco, arto, mestiero; ed on povas anke dicar, pri individuo o populo, ke ol esas plu o min ‘kultivita’. Vu devas kultivar amikeso kun ta bona homulo. — DEFIRS
  • kultur-o culture; -ala, -ema: cultural; -oza: cultured. Def.: Etikala, intelektala e sociala parto di civilizeso (kontraste a progreso en la cienci, l’arti: la civilizo). Ex.: On povus dicar, ke Rusia esis kulturlando, pro ke tanta rusa autori, muzikisti, e.c. pruvis la alta stando di la maxim progresinta Rusi, ma ke Rusia esis apene civilizita, quale aparas per la sistemo di guverno e per la nesavo di la amasi. — DEFIRS
  • kumin-o (bot.) cumin; caraway.
  • «kumis» kumiss, koumiss: a fermented (or distilled) liquor made from milk.
  • kumpres-o (surg.) compress. — DEFIRS
  • kumul-ar (tr.) to hold a plurality of (offices). V. exp: Kumular havas specala, quaze teknikal senco: to esas akumular sur su (akaparar) plura ofici, funcioni ... e salarii. — F
  • kumulus-o cumulus. — DEFIS
  • kun (prep.) with, in company with, in connection with; -e: together (with); both. Ex.: La matro arivis kun la filiino. Lu drinkas teo kun lakto. Me kompris ca domo kun la gardeno. La matro e la filiino arivas kune. La infanti dormas kune en la lito. El esas kune (E. both) bela e bona. Ant.: sen. — ISL
  • kun-akuz-ato, -ito fellow-prisoner.
  • kun-aquir-anto, -into joint-obtainer, co-purchaser.
  • kun-asoci-ito co-partner.
  • kun-deb-anto joint-debtor.
  • kun-dorm-anto bed-fellow.
  • kuneiform-a cuneiform (writing); (anat.) cuneate (bones in the foot). — DEFIS
  • kun-exist-ar (intr.) to co-exist.
  • kun-feder-ar (tr.) to confederate; -ito: an ally.
  • kun-flu-ar (intr.) to be confluent.
  • kun-frat-o colleague, brother-member, sister-member.
  • kun-fuz-ar to blend, fuse together.
  • kun-habit-ar, -viv-ar (intr.) to live together; (quale spozulo e spoz-ino): to cohabit; (cf. koitar).
  • kun-hered-ar (intr.) to inherit conjointly; -anto: co-heir.
  • kunikl-o rabbit. — ISL
  • kun-kapt-ito fellow-prisoner.
  • kun-labor-ar (intr.) to work together, to co-operate (kun ulu; kp. kooperar).
  • kun-lern-anto school-fellow.
  • kun-lig-ar (tr.) to tie together.
  • kun-mezur-ebla (math.) commensurable.
  • kun-propriet-ero joint-owner.
  • kun-sid-ar (intr.) to be seated together; to hold a sitting (meeting); -o: meeting; (fig.) recital; klozar la kun-sido: to close the meeting. V. exp.: vid. sesiono.
  • kun-substanc-a consubstantial.
  • kun-tara (pezo) gross (weight).
  • kun-texto context.
  • kun-trompo collusion (cheating).
  • kun-tutel-anto, -ero joint-guardian.
  • kun-ven-ar (intr.) to meet, come together; -o: meeting, reunion.
  • kun-viv-anto one who lives with another; chum.
  • kun-vok-ar (tr.) to summon (together), convoke, convene.
  • kun-volv-ar (tr.) to roll together.
  • kup-o (wine-)glass, vase (as for prize). Def.: Vazo antiqua e ceremoniala, kun pedo, e plu larja kam profunda (on drinkas ex. champano en kupi). — EFIS
  • kupe-o (carriage) coupe, brougham. — DEFIRS
  • kupel-o (chem., tech.) cupel: a small dish made of bone earth used in assaying. — DEFIRS
  • kuperos-o (med.) rosy-drop, pimple, grog-blossom; -ika: blotched and pimpled. Def.: Specala dermatoso di la nazala regiono. — FIS
  • kupl-ar (tr., mechan.) to couple, link together. V. exp.: Kuplar implikas fixa, konstanta ligo di la peci, exemple per skrubi, per kelo, per stango artikizita, e.c. tale ke li nultempe povas movar nedependante (tam longe kam on ne desmuntas la mashino). Ex.: on parolas pri lokomotivi kun 2 o 3 axi ‘kuplita’; e l’organo di la kuplo esas ‘kuplo-stango’. — DEFI
  • kuplet-o couplet, stave, stanza (in song). Def.: Strofo di kansono. — EFIRS
  • kupol-o (arch.) cupola, dome. — DEFIRS
  • kupon-o coupon, dividend, warrant. — DEFIRS
  • kupr-a, -o copper; -oza: coppery: full of c.; -ea: c. colo(u)red; -izar: to cover with c.; (fig) to copper-plate; -a moneto: a copper (money); -o-oxo: copper acetate, verdigris (cf. verdigriso); -o-kloro: cupreous chloride; -i-kloro: cupric chloride. — DEFIS
  • kupul-o (bot.) cupule, cup (of acorn). — DEFIS
  • kur-ar (intr.) to run, to race; (cf. fluar, vehar); -agro, -eyo: running ground, race-course; -e (od, per kuro): by the run; -ajila: swift-running; -kavalo: race-horse; for- -ar: to run away. — FIS
  • kurac-ar (tr.) to treat (a patient); (cf. ri-san-igar, remediar); -iva, -ivo: curative; -ato: a patient; -arto: therapeutics; -isto: healer (whether by medicine or not; cf. mediko). — DEFIRS
  • kuraca-o (liquor) curaçoa. — DEFIRS
  • kuraj-ar (intr.) to be courageous, have courage; -igar: to encourage (ulu); -e: courageously; (interj.) buck up! — DEFIRS
  • kurar-o curare: arrow poison. — DEFIS
  • kuras-o cuirass: breastplate; (ships) armo(u)r-plate; (turtles) carapace; -izar: to put armo(u)r-plate on; to put a breast-plate on; -iero: cuirassier; -navo: armo(u)red ship, iron-clad. — DEFIRS
  • kurat-o (jur.) guardianship over an orphan, minor, etc.); trusteeship (of a property); -anto, -ero, -isto: curator: trustee; (cf. tutel-anto). — DEFIRS
  • kurbatur-ar (intr.) to over-fatigue, become stiff all over, be knocked up; (vet.) to founder. Def.: Indikas la specala doloro quan on sentas en la muskuli pro granda fatigeso. — F
  • kurbet-ar (intr., of horses) to curvet; (cf. kabrar). Def.: (kurbeto) Galopo per kurta salti en qua la kavalo levas la avana pedi e preske samtempe kontraktas la dopa gambi. — DEFIRS
  • kure-ar (tr., hunt. and fig.) to set (on): to precipitate in a mass on something (as dogs on a quarry); to grab one’s part while quarreling or fighting; -ajo: quarry; the part of the beast given to the hounds (to encourage them). Def.: Precipitar su amase sur ulo por arachar, raptar sua parto interlukante e disputante, de qua derivos ‘kureo’ kom ago di la chashundi, o, metafore, di homi os altra animali;. — F
  • kurent-o current. — ES
  • kuri-o curia: papal court. — DEFIRS
  • kurier-o courier, (express) messenger. — DEFIRS
  • kurioz-a (of persons) inquisitive, curious; (cf. vid-inda, stranja, rara, remark-inda); -acha: prying; -eso: inquisitiveness. — DEFIRS
  • kurkulion-o (ent.) weevil (family Curculionidae). — ISL
  • kurkum-o (bot.) curcuma, tumeric (genus: Curcuma). — DEFIRS
  • Kurland-o Kurland.
  • kurli-o (orni.) curlew (genus: Numenius). — EFIS
  • kurs-o course (of lessons, of lectures, of study, etc.); (fin.) rate (of exchange), current price, market price, ruling price; -o-listo: price-list (commercial exchange); la kursi falis: prices have gone down; kurso di kambio: rate of exchange; komprar ye, segun la kurso: to buy at the market price; lasta kurso: closing price; (cf. koto). — DEFIRS
  • kursiv-a (skribado): cursive, running (writing or hand). — DEFIS
  • kursor-o (instr.) cursor; (tech.) slide-weight (on scale). Def.: Indikas irga peco shovebla segun lineo, e quan on povas fixigar en ula punti (ex. Sur vekto di balanco). — EFIS
  • kurt-a short; -igar: to shorten; -e: in short, briefly. Ex.: Kurta homo, kolo, tempo, vivo, parolado. Ant.: longa. — DEFIS
  • kurtaj-ar (intr.) to carry on the business of a broker; -o: brokers’ business; -isto, -ero: broker; -taxo: pecentage paid to a broker. — FRS
  • kurten-o curtain (as of a window, a bed); (fig.) screen (as of trees); (fort.) rideau. — EFIS
  • kurtez-ar (tr.) to pay court to (a king, etc.), to woo (a woman); -anto: suitor, wooer, lover; -isto, -ero: courtier. — DEFIS
  • kurv-a curved, bent, crooked, arched; -o: curve; -eso: (condition) curvature; -o-linea: curvilineal; -a-gamba: bandy-, bow-legged. — DEFIS
  • kurvimetr-o curvimeter. — DEFIS
  • kusen-o cushion, pillow; -eto: pad. Def.: Stofo mola quan on pozas sur lito, divano, irga sidilo. — EFIS
  • kush-ar (tr.) to put (ulu) to bed; (su) to go to bed; to lie (su) down on (the ground, etc., to sleep); (cf. jacar, sternar). — F
  • kuskus-o couscous. — DEFIRS
  • kuskut-o (bot.) dodder (genus: Cuscuta). — FISL
  • kuspid-o (geom.) point of retrogression (of a curve).
  • kust-ar (tr.) to cost, to be bought for (nulo, cher-ege, e.c.); -o: cost, expense, charge (cf. preco); -oza: costly, expensive (cf. chera); -o-preco: cost-price; co kustas 10 fr.: this costs 10 francs; quante to kustis de vu: how much did that cost — to kustis de lu la vivo: that cost his life. — DEFIS
  • kustum-ar (intr.) to be accustomed to, to be in the habit of, to be wont to (followed by infinitive); -o: custom, habit; -ala: customary, habitual; -ata: accustomed (kozo, e.c.); -igar: to accustom (su, ulu); -ale: customarily. — EFIS
  • kut-o long coat of a peasant; mash-kuto: coat of mail. — DF
  • kuti-o (fabric) ticking (as for a bed), drilling, duck (as for tents, trousers). — FS
  • kutikul-o (anat., bot.) cuticle; (cf. epidermo).
  • kutr-o (nav.) cutter: small armed vessel with one mast. — DEFIS
  • kuv-o tub; -ego: vat. V. exp.: vid. tanko. — FS
  • kuvent-o convent. — EFIS
  • kuvert-o (letter-) envelope. — DR
  • Kuwait Kuwait. — DEFIRS
  • kuz-o, -ulo, -ino cousin; -eso: (relation) cousinship; -o primara: first cousin, -o sekundara: second cousin. — DEFIR


L

  • la (def. article) the; (cf. le). When the following word begins with a vowel, the «a» may be omitted; as: l’infanto. (mus.) la: sixth note diatonic scale. — FIS
  • labar-o labarum: a Roman standard. — DEFIS
  • labi-o (anat. and fig.) lip; -ala: relating to the lip; (gram.) labial; -oza: full-lipped; (bot.) labiate; -(ach)oza, groslabia: blubber-lipped, thick-lipped; -o-barbo: moustache; -o-pilo: whisker (of an animal). — DEFIS
  • labirint-o labyrinth; (fig.) maze. — DEFIRS
  • labirintodont-o (paleont.) labyrinthodon(t).
  • labor-ar (intr.) to work, labo(u)r (pri ulo); (tr.) to work (the earth, iron, wood, etc.); -ego: hard work, toil; -uro: piece of work (performed); -eso: workmanship, manner in which work is executed; -anta: working; -oza: laborious (task); -ema: industrious, hard-working; -anto, -ero, -isto: worker, workman, artisan; -dio: working day; -jorno: day’s work, day-labo(u)r; -benko: work-bench; -eskar: to start work; -ista klaso, labor-ist-aro: working class; -divido: division of labo(u)r; par- -ar: to work through to the end, to finish a work, elaborate. — EFIS
  • laboratori-o laboratory. — DEFIRS
  • labr-o (ich.) wrass(e), (genus: Labrus).
  • lac-o lace: a plaited string to fasten something through eyelet holes; shoelace, etc; -agar: (tr.) to lace (shoes, corsets, etc.); -izar: to put laces on (ulo); (cf. dentelo). — EFIS
  • lacer-ar (tr.) to lacerate, tear, rend, to fray out (by rubbing). — EFIS
  • lacert-o lizard; -ala, -atra: relating to lizards; (zool.) lacertian. — EFIS
  • laciv-a lascivious, libidinous, lewd, lustful, wanton, lecherous. — DEFIS
  • lad-o tin (-plate). — IS
  • ladan-o la(b)danum. — DEFIRS
  • lag-o lake; -eto: pond; -ala, -ana, -o-habit-anta: lacustrine; L. di Quar Kantoni: Lake of Lucerne. — EFIS
  • Lagos Lagos.
  • lagun-o lagoon. — DEFIRS
  • laik-a lay, laic, laical; -(ul)o: layman; (cf. lea); -eso: lay-character, non-religious character; -igar: to laicize; (cf. sekular-igar). — DEFIS
  • lak-o lac, lacquer; gum-lako: gum-lac; -verniso: lac varnish, lacquer, japan; shel- -o: shellac. — DEFIRS
  • lake-o lackey, footman, flunkey. — DEFIRS
  • lakonik-a laconic. — DEFIRS
  • lakrim-o tear; -ala: lachrymal; -oza, -ema: lachrymose, tearful; -ifar: (intr.), -igar: (tr.) to produce tears, to cause to shed tears; -o-vazo: lachrymatory, tear-vase. V. exp.: Lakrimifar nule esas neutila duaplajo di plorar; ol havas per su senco kelka diversa; on ploras pro psikologiala kauzo, on lakrimifas pro fiziologial od extera kauzo (kataro, fumuro, sablo, onyono). — EFIS
  • lakt-o milk; -oza, -atra: milky, lacteal, lactic; -ajo: a m. preparation; -ea: milk-colo(u)red; -eyo, -erio: dairy; -o-portisto, -vend-isto: milkman; -ifar: to secrete or yield m.; (cf. melkar): -ifo: lactation; -o-bovino: milch cow; -o-poto: m. jug; -o-voyo: (astron.) Milky-Way; -umo: (ich.) milt, soft roe. — EFIS
  • laktaz-o (chem.) lactase. — DEFIRS
  • laktometr-o lactometer. — DEFIRS
  • lakun-o lacuna, blank space, gap. Def.: Mi-teknikala vorto uzata en diversa faki: indikas generale manko o vakuajo en loko, qua devus esar normale plena (lakuno di texto; lakuno un ula organal texuri). — EFIS
  • lam-o thin plate, sheet (-metal); blade (of sword, knife, etc.); -iz-ita: laminated. — EFIS
  • lama-o lama (priest); (zool.) llama (Auchenia Lama). — DEFIRS
  • lamantin-o (zool.) lamantin: manatee, sea-cow (genus: Manatus). — DEFI
  • lamel-o lamella: flake, scale (tech., bot., anat.). — DEFIS
  • lament-ar (intr.) to lament, bewail, mourn (pri); -ala, -atra: woeful: relating to lamenting; -inda: lamentable: worth lamenting. V. exp.: Lamento esas expreso vocala di doloro, ne nur per paroli, ma per krii, jemi, sospiri; plendo esas expreso vortala di des-kontenteso. — DEFIS
  • lamin-ar (tr.) to laminate: to flatten out, roll flat; -eyo, -erio: rolling-mill; -ilo: rolling instrument; -ar voyo: to roll a road. — EFIS
  • lamp-o lamp. — DEFIRS
  • lampas-o lampas: ornamental fabric for furniture. — DEFIS
  • lampion-o cup or small pot filled with tallow or oil with a wick, for illumination. — FI
  • lampir-o (ent.) lampyris: glow-worm. — EF
  • lampred-o lamprey (Petromyzon). — DEFIS
  • lan-o wool; -ajo, -a stofo: woolen goods, worsted; -atra: fleecy: wool-like; -felo: fleece: entire coat of animal; -o-graso: grease from sheep’s wool. — FIS
  • lanc-o lance, spear; -eto: small spear; (surg.) lancet. — DEFIRS
  • lancin-ar (intr.) to shoot, dart, twinge (of pain); -anta: shooting (pain). — FIS
  • land-o land, country; -ano: a native inhabitant; dopa -o: hinterland. — DE
  • «landau» landau.
  • «landaulet» landaulet.
  • landgrav-o (title) landgrave: a German count.
  • «landsturm» landsturm.
  • «landwehr» landwehr.
  • lang-o (anat.) tongue; -(et)o: (fig.) any object shaped like a tongue: language, speech; -eroro: an error of the t.; extensar la -o: to put out the t.; retenar la -o: hold the t.; mea -o faliis: my t. slipped, tripped; tera -(et)o: neck of land; faira -o: t. of fire; -o di seruro: bolt of a lock; resorto- -o: spring bolt. — FIS
  • langor-ar (intr.) to languish, pine away, droop (from hunger, love, etc.); to be languid. Def.: Deperisar pokope pro maladeso od afekto qua deprenas la vigoro. Esar komplete senenergia. Ex.: To esas morbo en qua on langoras longatempe ante mortar. Langorar en karcero. La ardoroza suno langorigas la flori. Depos la milito esas granda langoro en komerco. Langor-anta, -oza, -ema spirito. — EFIS
  • langust-o spring (or spiny) lobster, sea crayfish (Palinurus vulgaris); (cf. homardo). — FS
  • lani-o (orni.) shrike, butcher-bird (Lanius). — IL
  • lanj-o swaddling cloth, clout, baby’s diaper. — F
  • lanolin-o lanolin(e). — DEFS
  • lans-ar (tr., pr. and fig.) to fling, hurl, throw out or forward, cast, lance, dart (stones, darts,etc.) to shoot (an arrow); throw, cast (a look); throw in (an epigram, a word); to send forth (a book, a pamphlet); to cast (a beam of light); to launch (a ship); (cf. jetar, spricar, impulsar, iniciar). — DEFIS
  • lantan-o (chem.) lanthanum; (bot.) lantana (genus: Lantana). — DEFIS
  • lantern-o lantern; eklipso- -o: dark lantern. — DEFIS
  • lanug-o fine soft hair or hairlike growth; down (of birds); (anat.) lanugo; (of fruit) wool; (of cloth) soft nap (cf. pilo). — EFI
  • Laos Laos. — DEFIRS
  • lap-ar (tr.) to lap (up): take into the mouth with the tongue; (cf. lekar). — DEF
  • laparoskopi-o laparoscopy. — DEFIRS
  • laparotomi-o laparotomy. — DEFIRS
  • lapid-o precious stone, gem; -isto, -tali-isto: lapidary. — DEFS
  • lapislazul-o (min.) lapis-lazuli. — DEFIRS
  • Lapon-a Lapp, Lappish; -o: Lapp, Laplander; -ia: Lapland.
  • lard-o bacon, (cf. saimo); (of whales, etc.) blubber; -o-fum-iz-ita: smoked bacon; -o-plako: rasher; -o-spiso: larding needle or pin; -o-filo, -kordono: strip, slice of bacon. — FIS
  • laric-o (bot.) larch (-tree) (genus: Larix). — DEFISL
  • laring-o (anat.) larynx: -ala: larynge-an, -al. — DEFIS
  • laringit-o (med.) laryngitis. — DEFIS
  • laringoskop-o laryngoscope. — DEFS
  • laringotomi-o laryngotomy. — DEFIS
  • larj-a broad, wide; (N.B. not ‘large’; cf. grosa, granda); -eso: width, breadth, wideness, broadness; (plu-) larj-igar: to widen, broaden; du larj-esi: two breadths (of cloth); long-ese e larj-ese: in length and width; ica agro esas larja de duadek metri: this field is 20 meters (metres) wide. Def.: Qua havas la un dimensiono de dextre a sinistre (opozita a longa). Ex.: Larja shultri, nazo, facio, rivero. Ant.: streta. — FI
  • larv-o (ent.) larva; (antiq.) a ghost, spector (spectre); -o di batrako: the young of the frog or other batrachians; ran- -o: tadpole. — DEFIS
  • las-ar (tr.) to let, give leave, permit, allow: not to hinder to have, to do; to let alone; (pos) to leave behind; -ar su: to allow, suffer oneself (to), -ar ulu repozar: to let someone rest, let anyone alone; me -as vu imaginar: I let you think; me -as il parolar: I let him speak. Ex.: Il volabus, se on lasabus lu agar, ke on demandas de lu permiso pri omno. Me lasis il tranquila. Ni opinionas ne vivar vane quankam nia verki apene lasas traci. Yen pomi, prenez le bone e lasez le mala. — DFI
  • lash-o (surg.) splint; (R.R.) fish-plate; (tech.) butt joint. — D
  • laskar-o lascar: East-Indian sailor. — DEFIS
  • last-a last (in time and space); -e: lastly (of time) lately (cf. recente). Ex.: La lasta horo di la dio. Lasta yaro. La lasta domo en la strado. Laste naskinta. En lasta instanco. Laste, me parolis pri. — DE
  • lat-o lath; -izar: to lath; -aro, -o-greto: lattice work (cf. treliso); -ego: batten, thin scantling. — DEFS
  • latani-o (bot.) latania (-tree), fan-palm (Latania); -bero: fruit of latania. — EFI
  • latent-a latent. Def.: Qua ne aparas extere. Ex.: Defekto latenta (en mashino, en animalo). Latenta kaloro. — DEFIS
  • later-o (geom. arch.) side; -ala: lateral, side (cf. flanko, bordo). — EFIS
  • latex-o (bot.) latex. — DEF
  • laticifer-a (bot.) laticerous. — DEF
  • Latin-a Latin; -(ul)o: a Latin; -ajo: a Latin idiom; -eso: Latinity; -isto: Latinist; -igar: to Latinize; la Latina: (linguo); the Latin. — DEFIRS
  • latir-o (bot.) sweet-pea (Lathyrus). — L
  • latitud-o latitude. — EFIRS
  • latrin-o water-closet, latrine, privy. — DEFIS
  • latug-o (bot.) lettuce. — IS
  • latun-o brass; -a filo: brass wire. — DFRS
  • Latva Latva (people); -ia: Latvia.
  • laub-o (green) arbor, bower. — D
  • laud-ar (tr.) to praise, laud, commend; -o-diskurso: eulogy, panegyric. Ant.: blamar. — EFIS
  • laudan-o laudanum. — DEFIS
  • laur-o (bot.) laurel (genus: Laurus); (fig.) glory, hono(u)r; -iz-ar: to deck, crown with laurel; ceriz- -o: cherry-laurel; bay-laurel; roz- -o: common oleander, rose-bay. — DEFIRS
  • laureat-o laureate. — DEFIRS
  • laus-o louse; -oz(ul)o: lousy person. — DE
  • laut-a loud (voice, sound). — DE
  • lav-ar (tr.) to wash, wash off or up, lave; (of clothes) to launder: (fig.) cleanse (cf. net-igar, skurar); -ist-ino: washerwoman; (di linjo) laundress; -ajo: laundry; (linj-) -erio: laundry; -moblo: wash-stand. — DEFIS
  • lava-o lava; -o-flu-ajo: lava flow. — DEFIRS
  • lavend-o (bot.) lavender (Lavandula). — DEFIR
  • lax-a loose, slack, lax, not tense, not tight, not close; (med.) flaccid; (cf. mola); -igar: to slacken, loosen, relax; -ig-iva, -ivo: laxative. — DEFIS
  • laz-o lasso. — DEFIS
  • lazaret-o lazaretto: pest-, quarantine-house for sailors. — DEFIS
  • «lazarone» lazzaroni: the poor class in Naples.
  • le-a (frato): (R.C. Ch.) lay brother (cf. laika).
  • le (pl. of def. article la) the: only to be used when there is no other sign of plural, e.g. ‘the ayes and the nayes’: le yes e le no.
  • lecion-o (teacher’s) lesson; (professor’s) lecture. — DEFIRS
  • lecitin-o (chem.) lecithin. — DEFIRS
  • led-a ugly; offensive to the eye, ill-favo(u)red, unsightly; -ega: hideous; plu-led-igar: to make ugly, to disfigure. Def.: Des-bela. Ant.: bela. — FI
  • ledr-o leather; -o-prepar-isto: leather-dresser, currier. — DE
  • leg-o (natural, moral, social, parl., legislative) law (cf. yuro); -isto: one skilled in law; -ala, segun-lega: legal, lawful; -al-eso, lego-konform-eso: legality; -al-igar: to legalize; -ifar: to legislate; -aro: laws (collect.), legislation; -if-ala: legislative, relating to legislation; -if-anta: legislative, law-giving (body); -if-ant-aro: legislature; -if-anto, -ero, -isto: law-maker, legislator. — DEFIRS
  • legac-ar (tr.) to bequeath (ulo ad ulu); -ajo: legacy, bequest; -ario: legatee. V.exp.: Legacar diferas de testamentar, per ke ol koncernas specale la kozi, havaji donata per testamento, e konseque havas sempre ta kozi kom rekta komplemento. On povas testamentar sen legacar ulo. — DEFIS
  • legat-o (pope’s) legate. — DEFIRS
  • legend-o legend. — DEFIRS
  • legion-o legion; (fig.) a multitude; Honor-Legiono: Legion of Hono(u)r; me nom-esas -o: my name is legion (Bib.). — DEFIRS
  • legitim-a legitimate; having the sanction of law, custom or logic; (of a child) born in wedlock; (of a king) hereditary; -igar: to legitimize; (cf. yur-izar: yust-igar, justifikar). Ex.: Legitima infanto, autoritato, pretendo, plendo. — DEFIRS
  • legum-o vegetable. — DEFIS
  • legumin-o (chem.) legumin. — DEFIS
  • leguminos-o (bot.) leguminous plant. — DEFIS
  • lejer-o light (in weight, force); (fig.) not burdensome or severe (of food, clothing, work, punishment, etc.); -igar: to lighten (cf. alejar). Ant.: grava, opres-anta, pez-oza, facila. — FIS
  • lek-ar (tr.) to lick; (cf. lapar); -ar sua fingri: to lick one’s fingers. — DEFI
  • lekt-ar (tr.) to read, peruse; -ajo: what is read; -ebla: readable: legible; -inda: readable: worth reading; ri- -ar: to read over again. — FIRS
  • lektor-o (university) lecturer; (eccl.) lector. — DEFIS
  • lem-o (log., math.) lemma; loam (as used for founding).
  • Leman-a, -o Lake of Geneva.
  • leming-o (zool.) lemming (genus: Lemmus). — DEFI
  • lemniskat-o (geom.) lemniscate. — DEFI
  • lemurian-o (zool.) lemur (sub-order: Lemuroidea). — DEFIS
  • leng-o (ich.) ling. (Lota molva).
  • leni-o (firewood) block, log; -eto: billet, block; (cf. ligno-bloko). — IS
  • lens-o (opt.) lens; (bot.) lentil (Lentilla lens); -atra, -forma: lenticular.
  • lent-a slow: not acting, moving promptly, sluggish, lagging; (cf. tarda); -acha: dawdling; (plu-) -igar: to cause (ulo, ulu) to slow down. Ex.: Lenta treno, mento, exekuto, veneno, morto. Ant.: rapida, ajila. — FIS
  • lentigin-o freckle; -oza: lentiginous, freckly. — EFIS
  • lentisk-o (bot.) lentiscus: mastic-tree (Pistacia lentiscus). — EFIS
  • leon-o -ulo, -ino lion; (astr.) Leo; (fig.) object of interest and curiosity; -yuno: young lion, lion’s cub; -ala: leonine; -ala parto: (fig.) the lion’s share; -dento: (bot.) dandelion (Leontodon taraxacum). — EFIS
  • leopard-o (zool.) leopard (Felis Leopardus). — DEFIRS
  • lepidodendr-o (paleon.) lepidodendron. — DEFIRS
  • lepidopter-o (ent.) lepidopter(an). — DEFIS
  • lepor-o hare (genus: Lepus); -raguto: jugged hare; -labio: hare lip. — FIS
  • lepr-o (med.) leprosy. — DEFIS
  • lern-ar (tr.) to learn (ulo); (cf. instruktar, docar, studiar, saveskar); -o-libro: text-book, manual. V. exp.: La gepatri docas ulo a la infanto, a la puero. La infanto, la puero lernas ol.
  • lesiv-ar (tr.) to wash (clothes, etc. in lye); (chem.) lixiviate; -aquo: lye-water; lixiviation; -ajo: linen or object to be washed, the laundry. — FI
  • letargi-o (med.) lethargy: morbid sleepiness; (cf. torporo). — DEFIRS
  • letr-o (in correspendence) letter; -o-kapo: letter-head; -ponder-ilo: letter-scale. — EFIS
  • leucin-o (physiol. chem.) leucine. — DEFIRS
  • leucit-o (min.) leucite; (bot.) leucite: leucoplast. — DEFIRS
  • leukocit-o (anat.) leucocite: white blood corpuscle. — DEFIRS
  • leukocitos-o (physiol. and med.) leukocytosis. — DEFIRS
  • leukom-o (anat.) leucoma. — DEFIRS
  • leukoplast-o (bot.) leucoplast. — DEFIRS
  • lev-ar (tr.) to lift (up); to raise (from below); -ar su: to arise, get up; -ilo: lifting instrument; -o-skrubo: screw-jack; -ar la shultri: to shrug the shoulders; -ponto: lifting-bridge. Ex.: Levar la pedo, la manuo, la ankro. V.exp.: vid. elevar. — EFIS
  • lever-o (mechan.) lever, handspike; fer- -o: crowbar. — EFI
  • leviatan-o (pr. and fig.) leviathan. — DEFIRS
  • levistik-o lovage. — FI
  • levit-o Levite. — DEFIRS
  • levrier-o, -ulo, -ino greyhound. — FIS
  • lexik-o lexicon, dictionary (esp. of Greek, Latin, Hebrew); (cf. vort-aro, vorto-libro). — DEFIRS
  • lexikograf-o lexicographer. — DEFIS
  • lexikografi-o lexicography. — DEFIS
  • lexikologi-o lexicology; -isto: lexicologist. — DEFIS
  • lez-ar (tr., physiol., jur.) to injure, hurt, wrong; -o, -uro: (jur.) wrong, injury; (med.) lesion. — DEFIS
  • li they (in general); (cf. il); -a, -i: (adj.) their(s). — IS
  • lian-o (bot.) liana, bind-weed, creeper; any woody, climbing and twining plant. — DEFIRS
  • lias-o (geol.) Lias. — DEFIS
  • libacion-ar (intr.) to offer up libations; -o: libation, potation. — DEFIS
  • Liban-o Lebanon.
  • libel-o libella: an instrument which measures levels: (water-) level.
  • libelul-o (ent.) libellulid: dragon-fly; (Libellula). — DEFIS
  • liber-a free; -e: freely; -o, -ulo, -ino: a free person; -ala: (of books, arts, education, principles, political parties, etc.) liberal; -alo: a liberal, liberalist; -al-eso, -ismo: liberalism; -es-ana, -ano: libertarian; -igar: to discharge, liberate, free; -igo: deliverance, liberation; -ig-anta: liberating, freeing, rescuing; -tempo: leisure, spare time; (cf. ocio); tempal hom-ulo: a man of leisure; en -a aero: in the open air; ne- -a balon-ego: a captive baloon; ne- -eso: captivity (cf. kapt-it-eso); -kambio: free-trade; -kambi-isto: free-trader; -pens-ado: free-thinking, free-thought. — EFIS
  • Liberi-a Liberia.
  • libertin-a (esp. of the imagination, mind) unrestrained, wayward, flighty (to an excessive degree); -(ul)o: one characterized by excessive freedom in thought, manners, habits, morals; (N.B. not E. libertine: cf: debocho); -eso: libertinism (obs. sense), -esar: to be free from restraint, to go to excess. V. exp.: Libertineso signifikas troa libereso di penso e di ago, aparte pri mori. Ne sinonima di debocho: on povas esar libertina per penso e per paroli. La primitiva senco (konforma a l’etimologio) esas liber-pensanto. — DEFIS
  • Libi-a Libya; -ano: Libyan.
  • libr-o book, volume (cf. tomo); -eto: booklet; (mus.) libretto; -et-isto: (mus.) librettist; -isto, -vend-isto: book seller, -aro: collection of books, a library (books alone; cf. biblioteko). — EFIS
  • librac-o (astron.) libration: an apparent oscillatory motion (as of moon). — DEFI
  • lic-o (ancient) lists; (modern) track, race course. Def.: Voyo preparita specala (ed enklozita) per konkursala kuri (sive di kavali, sive di homi, sive bicikli, automobili, e.c.). V. exp.: vid. areno. — EFIS
  • licenc-ar (tr.) to grant a license, give (official) permission (to sell spirits, to teach, etc.); -o: license, licensing; (poetic) license; deviation from strict fact, form or rule (by artist or writer); licentiate: a European university degree between that of bachelor and doctor; M.A. degree (= L licentia docendi ), -iero: (univ.) licentiate, an M.A.; -oza, -ema: uncurbed. — DEFIRS
  • lichi-o lychee, litchi (fruit). — DEFIRS
  • Lici-a Lycia; -ano: Lycian.
  • Lidi-a Lydia; -ano: Lydian.
  • lienteri-o (med.) lientery: a kind of diarrhoea.
  • lietnant-o lieutenant; -eso: (rank) lieutenancy; -kolonelo: lieutenant-colonel. — DEFIRS
  • lig-ar (tr.) to bind (down), tie (up), fasten, attach; -(ad)o, -eso, -uro: (act, state, result) binding, fastening; league (association; cf. federo); (anat.) ligature; -ajo: something bound together, a bundle; -ilo: lash, band, strap (for tying); (fig.) bond (as of matrimony); hund-lig-ilo: dog leash; kun- -ar: to tie together. — EFIRS
  • ligament-o (anat.) ligament. — DEFIS
  • lign-o wood (the material); -a, -ala, -oza, -atra: woody, ligneous; -o-mort-inta: dead wood; -o-shuo: wooden shoe, sabot; -o-bloko: block of wood, log; -o-paneli: wainscotting; -o-trepano: auger; -o-martelo: mallet; -inkrust-ado, -uro: marquetry. — EFIS
  • lignin-o lignin. — DEFIS
  • lignit-o lignite. — DEFIRS
  • Liguri-a Liguria; -ano: Ligurian.
  • ligustr-o (bot.) privet (genus: Ligustrum). — DISL
  • lik-ar (tr., intr.) to leak. Def.: (1) (aquo) enirar navo; (2) (liquido o gaso) ekirar vazo, e.c.; (3) (navo) enlasar aquo tra truo, fenduro; (4) (vazo) eklasar liquido o gaso. — DE
  • likantrop-a, -o (med.) (person) afflicted with lycanthropy; -eso: lycanthropy. — DEFIS
  • Likaoni-a Lycaonia.
  • liken-o (bot.) lichen; (cf. musko); -o Islandana: Iceland moss. — DEFIS
  • likenin-o lichenin: a starch derived from Icelandic moss.
  • likopodi-o (bot.) lycopod(ium), club-moss , (genus: Lycopodium). — DEFIS
  • liktor-o (Rom. hist.) lictor. — DEFIS
  • lilac-o (bot.) lily (genus: Syringa); -ea: lilac-colo(u)red. — DEFIRS
  • lili-o (bot.) lily (genus: Lillium); -floro: lilly flower. — DEFIRS
  • liliace-o a lileaceous plant (family: Liliaceae). — DEFIS
  • Liliput-ala, -ana, -atra Lilliputian.
  • limak-o (zool.) slug, naked snail (genus: Limax); -ala, -atra: limacine, snail-like. — EF
  • limand-o (ich.) dab (Pleuronectes limanda). — FIL
  • limar (tr.) to file; (cf. raspar); -ilo triangula: a three-cornered file. — FS
  • limb-o (tech.) limb; an edge or border, as of a disk. — EFIRS
  • limet-o (fruit) lime; -iero: lime tree (Citrus limetta). — DEFISL
  • limf-o (anat.) lymph; -ala: lymphatic (duct, gland, etc.); -oza: lymphatic (temperament; of persons). — DEFIRS
  • limfatism-o (med.) lymphatism. — DEFIRS
  • limit-o limit, boundary, bound; -izar: to set bounds to, to bound (a field, a country; cf. restriktar); -iz, -uro: limitation; -iz-anta: limiting; sen- -a, ne- -iz-ita: unlimited, boundless. — DEFIS
  • limnologi-o limnology. — DEFIRS
  • limon-o (fruit) lemon; -iero: lemon tree (Citrus limonum). — DEFIRS
  • limonad-o lemonade. — DEFIS
  • limpid-a limpid, clear (liquid, glass); -igar liquido per filtrado: to clear water by filtering. Ant.: konfuza. — EFIS
  • lin-o (bot.) flax (linum usitatissimum); -ajo: (fabric) flax; semin-o, -i: flaxseed, linseed; -oleo: linseed oil. — DEFIRS
  • linc-o (zool.) lynx (Felis Lynx); -okulo: (lit., and fig.) eye of a lynx, lynx-eye. — EFISL
  • linch-ar (tr.) to lynch (ulu). — DEFIRS
  • line-o (telegraphic, R.R., genealogical, military, writing, printing) line; (cf. streko); -ala: lineal: relating to lines; in a direct line (as line succession; cf. lineara); -izar: to rule (paper, etc.); -iz-ilo: ruler; (cf. linealo); -e, rekto-linee: in line, in a straight line; -o direta: a direct line, -ajo: line (geneal., biol.). — DEFIRS
  • lineal-o ruler (for drawing lines); kalkul- -o: slide-rule. — DIR
  • linear-a (math.) linear; of the first degree; -mezuro: lineal measure. — DEFIS
  • lingot-o ingot; ora -o: bullion; gis-fera -o: iron in pigs. Def.: Pecego di neformizita fuzita metalo, precipue oro. — EFIS
  • lingu-o language; -ala: linguistic: relating to a language (cf. linguistik-ala); -isto: linguist; -o matr-ala: mother tongue; la doto di lingui: the gift of languages. — DEFIRS
  • linguistik-o linguistics: science of language; -ala: linguistical; relating to l.; (cf. lingu-ala). — DEFIRS
  • liniment-o liniment, embrocation; (cf. embrokar). — DEFIS
  • linj-o (lit. and fig.) linen: a piece of washable wearing apparel or household goods, made from flax , muslin, cotton; -aro korp-ala: underclothing, lingerie; -aro dom-ala: house linen (table-cloths, sheets, etc.); -o lav-ist-ino: laundress. — F
  • linoleum-o linoleum (as for floors). — DEFIRS
  • linon-o lawn: a fine linen. — DFIS
  • lintel-o (carp.) lintel: head-piece of a door-frame or window-frame. — EFS
  • lipid-o lipid. — DEFIRS
  • lipom-o (med.) lipoma: a fatty tumor. — DEFIRS
  • liquac-ar (intr., metal) to liquate. — EFIS
  • liquid-a (also gram.) liquid; -o, -ajo: a liquid; -eso: liquidity; -igar: to liquefy. V. exp.: Liquidaji referas kozi qui havas, mem instantale, la qualeso liquideskar; ex.: (liquida) metalo. Fluido nultempe asumas formo solid; aero esas fluido; (kp. fluido). — EFIS
  • liquidac-ar (tr., com.) to liquidate, settle, wind up (property, debts, businesses). — DEFIRS
  • liquor-o liqueur, cordial; (cf. akloholaji). — DEFIRS
  • lir-o (mus.) lyre; (astron., anat.) lyra. — DEFIRS
  • lirik-a lyric. — DEFIRS
  • list-o list (of persons, of things); (parl., milit.) roll; -o di elekt-eri: list of electors; -o di juri-ani: panel of jurymen; -o-voto: vote by ticket. — DEFIRS
  • listel-o (arch.) listel, fillet. — DEFIRS
  • lit-o bed ((for sleeping, also fig. as bed of river), -ala kozi: bedding; -o-framo: bedstead; -o-doselo, -cielo: b. canopy, -o-tuko: b. sheet; -kovr-ilo: b. cover; porto- -o: litter. — FI
  • litani-o litany; (fig.) endless enumeration. — DEFIRS
  • litargir-o (min.) litharge. — DEFIRS
  • liter-o letter (of alphabet); -eto: small letter; (cf. miniskulo, mayuskulo); -ala: relating to letters; literal: following the letter of exact meaning, not figurative; (cf. vort-opa); -ope: letter by letter. — DEFIRS
  • literatur-o literature: the collective body of literary productions, belles-lettres; -isto: (professional) literary man; -oza: literary, scholarly, lettered (of persons); -ozi: the literati, literary people. Def.: La artiste skribita verki, la ‘bela literaturo’. V. exp.: Literaturo ne esas sinonima di verk-aro qua indikas omnaspeca verki. — DEFIRS
  • liti-o (chem.) lithium.
  • litier-o litter: straw, hay, etc. used for bedding of animals. — EFI
  • litij-o litigation: suit at law; -punto: point at issue; -ala, -oza: litigious, contentious. — DEFIS
  • litograf-ar (tr.) to lithograph; -uro: a lithograph. — DEFIS
  • litologi-o lithology. — DEFIRS
  • litor-o littoral: coastal region, seaboard. Def.: La tota regiono plu o min larja, kontigua a la rivo; cf. plajo. Exp.: Litorala voyo o fervoyo ne sequas ne sequas sempre la rivo. — DEFIS
  • litot-o (rhet.) litotes. — DEFIS
  • litotomi-o (surg.) lithotomy; -ar: to lithotomize. — DEFIRS
  • litotrici-o (surg.) lithotrity; -ar: to perform l. — DEFIRS
  • litotripsi-o (surg.) lithotripsy, lithority; -ar: to perform l. — DEFIRS
  • litr-o liter, litre (1.0567 quarts). — DEFIRS
  • Lituani-a Lithuania; -ano: Lithuanian.
  • liturgi-o liturgy. — DEFIRS
  • liut-o (mus.) lute. — DEFIRS
  • liv-ar (tr.) to leave or depart; to leave behind; to quit (a place or position). V.exp.: vid. abandonar. — E
  • livermori-o (chem.) livermorium.
  • livid-a livid: black and blue, leaden-colo(u)red. V.exp.: Pal-ega tote ne esas exakta: livida esas plu juste plombo-kolora. — DEFIS
  • Livoni-a Livonia; -ano: Livonian.
  • livr-ar (tr.) to deliver (goods, culprits, manuscripts, etc.); -ar su: to deliver oneself up, give oneself up, surrender; -isto: delivery-man. V. exp.: La furnisanto ne livras la vari, nam il havas nula livristo. — EFS
  • livre-o livery (worn by servants). — DEFIRS
  • liz-o lees, dregs; grounds (of wine, beer); (fig.) dregs of the people. — EF
  • lizimaki-o (bot.) loose-strife (genus: Lysimachia).
  • lo it (referring to the contents of a previous sentence, i.e. a fact, rather than a definite object; cf. ol); prenez ica pomo, me volas lo: take this apple I desire it (= I desire you to do so; me volas ol would mean I desire it, i.e. the apple); nia amiko ja arivis, kad vu savas lo? ... lo joyigas me: our friend has already arrived, do you know it? ... it affords me joy. Lo is also used with adjectives to mark an indeterminate sense: lo bona, lo vera, lo bela: the good, the true, the beautiful; lo sama, lo duesma: the same, the second (where it refers to an indeterminate object or statement). Def.: Pronomo ed artiklo indikanta kozo nedeterminita (antea frazo integra).
  • lob-o (anat., bot.) lobe. — EFIS
  • lobeli-o (bot.) lobelia (genus: Lobelia). — DEFS
  • loch-o (ich.) loach (Cobitis barbatula). — EFIS
  • locion-ar (tr., med.) to wash with a lotion (ulu, ulo); -o: lotion. — DEFIS
  • log-o (nav.) log; -tabelo, -libro: log-book. Def.: Instrumento por mezurar la rapideso di navo. — DEFIR
  • logaritm-o (math.) logarithm; -o-tabelo: table of logarithms. — DEFIRS
  • logik-o logic; -isto: logician; -ala: relating to logic; -ema, -oza: logical (proposition, person); -oz-eso, -em-eso: logicality; ne- -ala, kontre- -a: illogical. — DEFIRS
  • logogrif-o logogriph: word riddle. — DEFIRS
  • logomaki-o logomacy: war of words. — DEFIRS
  • loj-ar (intr.) to lodge, live, dwell for a limited time (che ulu, ulo); -igar: to lodge, put up (ulu); -eskar: to take one’s abode, settle oneself; (fig.) to lodge itself, fix itself; -eyo: lodging place, dwelling; -anto: a lodger; -ig-anto: lodging house keeper; -bilieto: billet (for troops). V. exp.: vid. habitar. — DEFIRS
  • loji-o (theat.) box, loge; (actor’s) dressing-room; (house-porter’s) lodge; (masonic, etc.) lodge; (arch.) loggia. — DEFR
  • lok-o place, spot, locality; (cf. placo); -ala: local; -e, -ale: locally; -aro: premises, quarters, general locality; -izar: to localize; (cf. en-fak-igar, rang-izar, situar); omna-loke: everywhere; komuna loko: public place. — DEFIRS
  • lokac-ar (tr.) to hire, rent, lease (ulo, de ulu); (cf. lugar); -o-kontrato: lease (document); -anto, -ero: one who hires, rents, lessee, tenant; -ajo: what is hired, leased (house, vehicle, etc.); -o-preco: cost of hiring; -o-kontoro: box-office; domo lokac-ebla: house to let.
  • lokativ-o (gram.) locative case. — DEFIS
  • lokl-o, -eto lock of hair, curl, ringlet; -igar, -ifar: (tr., intr.) to curl (hair); -oza: curly. — DER
  • lokomobil-o (agri., manu.) traction engine; (portable) steam engine. — DEFIRS
  • lokomoc-o locomotion; -ar: (intr.) to move from place to place. Ex.: Lokomoco divenis plu rapida depos la kreo di fervoyo. Muskuli lokomocala. — DEFIS
  • lokomotiv-o (R.R.) locomotive. — DEFIRS
  • lokust-o (ent.) locust; (cf. akrido). — EFIS
  • loli-o (genus) lolium: rye-grass, darnel, tear. — EIL
  • lombard-o pawnshop; -isto: pawnbroker. — DEF
  • Lombardi-a Lombardy; -ano: Lombard.
  • lombrik-o lumbric; earthworm, dew-worm. — EFIS
  • lonch-o slice, chop (of bread, meat, etc.); pan- -o butr-izita: slice of bread and butter. — S
  • London London; -ano: Londoner.
  • long-a (of time, space) long; -eso: length; -ajo: a long object; -eta: longish, pretty long; -es-ala: longitudinal; -e, -ese, -es-ale: in length, lengthwise, longitudinally; -e, longa-tempe: (for) a long time, a great while; (plu-) longigar: to lengthen, elongate, prolong; -eskar: to grow longer, stretch out; de longe: long since, long ago; ica agro esas longa de cent metri (od, havas cent metri de longeso): this field is 100 meters (metres) long. Ant.: kurta (cf. oblonga). — DEFI
  • longitud-o longitude. — EFIRS
  • lor (prep.) at the time of (a definite event), at the same time as; -e: then, at that time, by then; -a: at that time (cf. dum); lore ... lore: now ... then; til lore: until then; ja lore, de lore: thenceforth; since then; lor la milito: at the time of the war; lor elua mariajo: at the time of her marriage; la lora ministraro: the then ministry, the ministry of that time. Def.: En la tempo di (samtempe kam). — FI
  • «lord» (title) Lord; (cf. sinioro).
  • lorn-o (small) telescope, spy-glass; a single-barrelled field glass; -eto: small spy-glass, lorgnette; (cf. teleskopo, bi-lorn-eto); -agar: (tr.) to look through a spy-glass at (ulu, ulo). — FR
  • lot-o lot: portion, share; (things for sale) lot; -o di komercaji: a portion of goods; (in a lottery) share; (fig.) prize; ganar la granda (od la maxima) loto: to win the highest prize; (N.B. not in sense of fate: destino); -igar: to divide into lots, to portion off: (cf. porcion-igar: parcel-igar); -izar: to put a share, a lot into something; me havas (ya) bela loto: I have made a good choice; loto-ludo: lotto; a game of chance. — EF
  • lota-o (ich.) lote: burbot, eel-pout (genus: Lota [vulgaris]). — EFSL
  • lotri-ar (tr.) to cast lots for (ulo); to raffle for; to draw (lots, in a lottery); -o: lottery, raffle. — DEFIRS
  • Lotring-a Lorraine; -ano: man of Lorraine.
  • lotus-o (bot.) lotus. — DEFIRS
  • loxodrom-o (geom., nav.) loxodromic curve or line. — DEFIS
  • loyal-a loyal: faithful in any relation implying trust or confidence; straight-forward, fair-dealing; bearing true allegiance. Ex.: Loyala a la rejo, a sua patrio, a sua promiso, en amikeso. Ant.: ne-sincera; hipokrita. — DEFIRS
  • lu (pron.) he, she, it (common gender form); -a: his her(s), its; (when desirable to indicate gender, the forms: ilua, olua, elua are used ); V. exp.: su, lu: il lavas su (E. he washes himself); il lavis lu: (E. he washed him, or her, or it). Petro deziras pruntar de Karlo lua parapluvo (E. Peter desires to borrow from Charles his umbrella); lua indikas ke la parapluvo esas la proprajo di Karlo; se sua esis uzata vice lua, ol (sua) indikus ka la parapluvo esas la proprajo di Petro, qua esas la subjekto di pruntar; pluse kp. su e lu.
  • lubrifik-ar (tr.) to lubricate: to oil; grease (part of a machinme); -isto: oiler. — EFIS
  • luci-o (ich.) pike (Esox lucius). — ISL
  • lucid-a (of mind) lucid, clear, sane. Ex.: Homo di lucida mento. Instanti lucida. — EFIS
  • luciol-o (ent.) lightning-bug, fire-fly. (Luciola italica). — FIS
  • lud-ar (intr. of games, sports) to play (per); (cf. plear); -riskar: to gamble; -o: playing, game; -(risko): gambling; -anto, ero: a player; -era, -ema: playful (child, animal); -emo: playful person; (fig.) gamester, gambler; -ilo: plaything, toy; -kub-o, -aro: dice; -o-disko: (in games) a quoit; -o-splinto: spilikin; jackstaw; peg (as for cribbage); -sonalio: toy bell; vorto-ludo: play upon words; esprit-ludo: play of wit; ludo-tablo: a table for play; ludo di pacienteso: patience. Ex.: On ludas per kegli, per buli, per biliardo, per karti, per shako, e.c. — L
  • ludion-o ‘ludion’; (toy) Cartesian devil, bottle-imp. Def.: Aparato fizikala uzata por studiar la diferanta efiki sur korpo plunjita en l’aquo, anke uzebla kom ludilo. — FIS
  • lug-ar (tr.) to let (out), rent (out); hire (out), lease (out) (ulo, ad ulu); (cf. lokocar); -o: letting, renting, leasing (by the proprietor); -o-kontrato: lease.
  • lugr-o (vessel) lugger. — DEFIS
  • luk-o sky-light; dormer-window; (nav.) hatchway. — DER
  • lukan-o (ent.) stag-beetle (family: Lucanus). — FL
  • lukt-ar (intr.) to wrestle: contend by grappling (kun) and striving to throw; to scuffle, tussle; (fig.) to strive, struggle (kontre). — FIS
  • lul-ar (tr.) to lull (ulu) to sleep, to soothe, compose, quiet; -kanto: lullaby (cf. berso-kanto). — DE
  • lum-ar (intr. also fig.) to shine: emit rays of light, give light; (cf. brilar); -o: light; -eto, esko: glimmer, gleam; -ala: relating to light; -oza: full of light; -igar: to cause (ulo) to shine; -ifar: to produce light; -izar: to light (a room, etc.) throw light upon; (fig.) to elucidate (a subject); -iz-ilo: a light(ing instrument), luminary; -if-anta: luminous: light producing; -iz-ata: luminous (from light received); -oz-eso: luminosity; -rango: (theat.) foot-lights; -truo: (nav.) porthole; (in gen.) scuttle. — EFIS
  • lumbag-o (med.) lumbago. — EFIS
  • lumb-o, -i lumbar region, loin(s); -ala: lumbar; -oza: thick-backed (person); -o-peco (di bovo); sirloin; -o-ruptar: to break the back of. — EFIS
  • lump-o (min.) nodule: kidney-shaped ore, lump (of sugar). — E
  • lun (abbr. accus. form of ilun, elun, olun, without gender).
  • lun-o moon; -ala: lunar; -ala periodo: lunation, lunar month; -sun-ala: luni-solar; -o-lumo: moonlight; -o plena: full moon; -o-nova: new moon; -eto: (geom.) lune. — DEFIRS
  • lunatik-a, -o moon-struck, insane; fantastic, whimsical. — DEFIRS
  • lundi-o Monday. — FIS
  • lunoid-a (osto) semilunar bone of the wrist.
  • lup-o (simple) magnifying glass, reading glass, pocket lens. Def.: Optikal aparato, qua servas por ‘grandigar’ l’objekti (ye mikra raporto), e qua esas nek sempre simpla lenso, nek mikroskopo. On nomizas ol anke ‘mikroskopo simpla’. — DF
  • lupanar-o (antiq.) lupanar, brothel. — L
  • lupi-o (med.) wen. Def.: Speco di tumoro sub la pelo. — FIS
  • lupin-o (bot.) lupine (genus: Lupinus). — DEFIRS
  • lupul-o (bot.) hop (-vine) (Humulus lupulus); -eyo, -agro: hop-garden, -field. — ISL
  • lupus-o (med.) lupus. — DEFIS
  • lur-ar (tr.) to lure, allure, entice; (fig.) wheedle, cajole (cf. seduktar); -ilo, -iz-ilo: a lure; decoy, bait; -il-izar: to bait (a trap); -sifl-ilo: call-whistle (for animals, birds); -ucelo: decoy-bird. — E
  • lustr-o chandelier (cf. kandel-iero); (antiq.) lustrum: space of five years. — DEFIRS
  • lustrac-ar (tr., antiq.) to lustrate: make clear or pure by propitiatory offering. — DEFIRS
  • lustrin-o (fabric) lustring. — DEFIS
  • lut-o lute: a clayish cement. — EFIS
  • Luteran-ismo Lutheranism; -an-a, -o: Lutheran. — DEFIRS
  • lutr-o (zool.) otter (genus: Lutra). — FIS
  • lux-o luxury; -aji: luxuries, fancy goods, articles de luxe, -ala: sumptuary: relating to luxury; -oza: luxuriant; -oz-eso: sumptuousness, luxuriousness; (cf. abund-anta, rich-ega). — DEFIS
  • luxac-ar (tr., surg.) to luxate, dislocate, put out of joint (cf. dislokar). — DEFIS
  • Luxemburg Luxemburg (town); -ia: Luxemburg (Duchy of); -iano: man of L.
  • luxuri-o lust, lewdness, lechery, unchastity; -oza: lustful, lewd. — FIS
  • luzern-o lucern (-grass); alfalfa, purple medick (Medicago sativa). — DEFIR


M

  • ma (conj.) but. — FIS
  • macedoni-o macedoine: a dish consisting of a medley of fruit and vegetables; (fig.) medley, hodgepodge. — EFIS
  • Macedoni-a Macedonia; -ano: Macedonian.
  • macer-ar (tr., intr.) to macerate: soften by steeping. — DEFIS
  • «macfarlane» macfarlane: a kind of overcoat without sleeves and with a mantle.
  • «mackintosh» mackintosh: a watertight overcoat.
  • Madagaskar Madagascar.
  • «madapolam» (fabric) madapollam.
  • Madeir-a Madeira.
  • madelen-o madeline: a small rich cake. — DEFIS
  • madon-o madonna: a picture or statue of the Virgin Mary. — DEFIRS
  • «madras» bandana handkerchief.
  • madrepor-o madrepore, stony coral (genus: Madrepora). — DEFIS
  • madrigal-o madrigal: a part song or glee; a little amorous poem. — DEFIRS
  • Madyar-o Magyar.
  • maestr-o, -ulo, -ino maestro: a teacher of eminence, or one eminently skilled in some art or science; -verko: master-piece. — DEFIRS
  • mafi-o Mafia. — DEFIRS
  • magazin-o (com.) warehouse, storehouse; (nav.) storeroom; (milit.) magazine. — DEFIR
  • magi-ar (intr.) to practise magic; -ala kanto, dicajo: incantation; (cf. eskamotar, sorcar, divinar, nekromanciar). — DEFIS
  • magnat-o magnate: a nobleman of Poland or Hungary. — DEFIRS
  • magnet-o magnet; -o-petro: loadstone; -igar: to magnetize; -a agulo: magnetic needle; -eso: (property) magnetism. — DEFIRS
  • magnetiz-ar (tr.) to mesmerize (ulu); -(ad)o: mesmerizing; animal magnetism; -ala: mesmeric; (cf. hipnotar). — DEFIRS
  • magnez-o (chem.) magnesium. — DEFIRS
  • magnezi-o (chem.) magnesia: magnesium oxide. — DEFIRS
  • magnoli-o (bot.) magnolia (-tree) (genus: Magnolia). — DEFIS
  • mag-o, -i (biblical) magian, magi. — DEFIS
  • magr-a lean, meager, lank, spare; (of things) poor, sorry, scant, meager; -(ul)o: a lean person; (la) -ajo: the lean (of meat); -igar, -eskar: to make, become lean; -ega, -acha: emaciated. Ex.: Magra Homo, vizajo, bovo, karno. (fig.) Magra burso, repasto, sulo, amuzo. Ant.: grasa. — DEFIS
  • mahagon-o (wood) mahogany; -iero: m. tree; (Swietenia mahagoni); -a lito-framo: m. bedstead. — DEI
  • maiflor-o (bot.) lily of the valley (Convallaria majalis). — D
  • maiz-o maize: (U.S.) corn; (England) Indian corn; (Zea mais). — DEFRS
  • majest-o majesty, supreme grandeur, august dignity, stateliness; (cf. Sinioro, la rejo, e.c.); -oza: majestic; -o-lezo: lesé majeste. — DEFIS
  • major-a of full age; (mus.) major; -o, -ulo, -ino: one who has attained his majority; (mus. and logic) major; -eso: majority: legal age. Ant.: minora. — DEFIS
  • majoran-o (bot.) (sweet) marjoram (Origanum Majorana). — DEFIS
  • majorat-o majorat; (in France) landed property attached to a title and descending with it; entailed estate. — DEFIS
  • majordom-o majordomo, head steward. — DEFIRS
  • majoritat-o majority: more than half of a given number or group; (cf. plu-mult-o). — DEFIS
  • makadam-o macadam; -izar: to macadamize: cover a road with small broken stones. — DEFIRS
  • makak-o (zool.) macaque: a genus (Macaca) of short-tailed monkeys. — DEFIS
  • makaron-o macaroon: a kind of cake. — DEFR
  • makaroni-o macaroni. — DEFIRS
  • makaronik-o macaronic. Def.: Dicesas pri verki kompozita en Latino barbara e burleska. — DEFIRS
  • maki-o (zool.) maki (Lemur). — DEFIRS
  • Makiavel-ala, -atra, -ismo machiavelli-an, -ism. — DEFIRS
  • makl-o (min.) macle, chiastolite. — EFIS
  • makrel-o (ich.) mackeral (genus: Scomber). — DEFR
  • makrospor-o (bot.) macrospore, megaspore. — DEF
  • makrosporangi-o (bot.) macrosporangium. — DEF
  • makul-o (also fig.) macula: spot, blotch, stain; -izar: to blot, stain, daub, smear; -oza, -iz-ita: spotted, speckled; -et-izar: to spot, speckle, fleck; sen- -a: spotless; -ole, fango-mak-ulo: oil-, mud-stain; kavalo kun ronda -i: dappled horse; -o sur lua honoro, sur la bona reputo: stain, blot upon his hono(u)r, reputation. — DEFIS
  • makulatur-o (print.) maculature: waste or spoiled paper. — DEFIRS
  • mal-a bad, evil, ill (quality, acts, writing, condition, weather, news, sense, etc.); -e: badly, wrongly, amiss, poorly; -ajo: (gen. sense) bad object, act, event; hardship, misfortune; mischief; plu -a: worse; plu-mal-igar: to make worse; la maxima malajo, lo maxim mala: the worst (thing); mal-agar, -facar: to act, do wrong, evil, mischief; mal-fac-ema: malevolent, mischievous; -augur-oza: inauspicious, sinister, unlucky; mala chanco: ill-luck, mischance; -chanc-oza: unlucky, unfortunate; -efik-anta: malevolent, malignant; male traktar: to maltreat, ill-use, abuse, bully; mal-fam-oza: ill-famed; mal-eduk-ita: badly brought up, ill-bred, unmannerly; mal-formac-ita: malformed, gawky, ill-shaped; mal-digesto: indigestion; mal-humor-oza: bad homo(u)red, ill-tempered; mal-intenc-anta, -oza: evil-minded, badly-disposed; mal-odoro: bad smell, stink; mala morto: tragic death, bad end; mal-pekt-ita: unkempt; mala pesto!: egad! plague on it! mal-vol-anta: malevolent, ill-disposed, spiteful; mal-vol-eg-anta: malignant. Ant.: bona. — EFIS
  • malad-a sick, ill (person); -eta, -ema: poorly, sickly, somewhat unwell, ailing, indisposed; -(ul)o: a sick person; -eso: (condition) illness, sickness (cf. morbo); -et-eso: indisposition; igar malad-eta: to indispose. V. exp.: vid. morbo. Ant.: sana. — EFI
  • malakit-o (min.) malachite. — DEFIRS
  • malari-o (med.) malaria. — DEFIRS
  • Malawi Malawi. — DEFIRS
  • Malay-o Malay.
  • maldicens-ar (intr., tr.) to speak ill (pri ulo), to disparage, decry (ulu, ulo); (cf. denigrar, difamar, kalumniar). Def.: Dicar malajo pri ulu, ulo, pro mala intenco. V. exp.: La civila lego punisas la difamo, na la maldicenso; ica resortisas nur a la etikal lego. — FIS
  • male-ar (tr.) to cold-forge. Def.: Form-izar per martelo (en kolda stando). V. exp.: Forjar esas la sama ago, en varma stando. Martel-agar esas nejusta o nesuficanta, nam on povas martel-agar irga kozo, sen malear ol; la kozo povas rezistar, o ruptesar, o deformesar altramaniere. — EFIS
  • maledik-ar (tr.) to curse, imprecate, damn (ulu, ulo); (cf. blasfemar, imprekar); -o: malediction, curse. — DEFIS
  • maleol-o (anat.) malleolus: ankle-bone, ankle. — EFIS
  • malgre (prep.) in spite of, despite, notwithstanding, against the will of; -ke: (conj.) notwithstanding that (followed by verb; cf. tamen); - sua volo: against one’s will; -to: in spite of that, nevertheless; ni iris malgre la pluvo: we went notwithstanding the rain; ni iris malgre ke il interdiktis lo: we went notwithstanding he forbade it; el mariajis su kun il malgre sua matro: she married him contrary to her mother’s wish. — FI
  • mali-o a mallet or mall used in play; -o-ludo: mall (a game); -o-placo: a place for playing mall. — EFIS
  • Mali Mali. — DEFIRS
  • malic-o malice, spite; mischievousness; smartness; -oza, -ema: malicious, spiteful, mischievous; -ajo: malicious or mischievous act. N.B. The sense of this word is by no means always ‘malice’. It is something between evil intention and keen wit with a tinge of each in it, sometimes having more of the one, sometimes more of the other. — EF
  • malign-a malicious, pernicious, evil, ill-disposed, malign, baleful. (N.B. Maligna is used in a somewhat less strong sense than the E. ‘malignant’; and properly means: disposed to take pleasure in the misfortune or suffering of others; malign-ega, mal-vol-eg-anta); -a muliero: a malicious woman; -a spirito: an evil spirit; -a tumoro: a malignant tumo(u)r. — EFIS
  • malt-o malt. — DEFIS
  • Malt-a Malta; -ano: Maltese.
  • Malta-kruco Maltese cross.
  • malv-o (bot.) mallow (genus: Malva); -ea: mauve-colo(u)red. — DEFIRS
  • malvaroz-o (bot.) rose-mallow, hollyhock (Althaea rosea). — IS
  • malvavisk-o (bot.) marshmallow (Althaea officinalis). — IS
  • malyot-o bathing-tights, -dress; (tights as for acrobats, cf. kalz-ego).
  • mam-o breast (of woman); udder (of animal); -oza: full-breasted; -ala: mammary; -atra: mammilary; -pinto: nipple, teat, dug (of animals). — EFI
  • mamifer-o mammal; (class) mammalia. — EFIS
  • mamil-o (anat.) mammilla: nipple (cf. mam-pinto).
  • mamut-o mammoth. — DEFIRS
  • man-i (antiq.) manes, ancestral spirits, shades. — DEFIRS
  • mana-o manna. — DEFIRS
  • manch-o (long) handle, hilt, haft; neck (of musical instr.); -o di balay-ilo: broom-stick; guvern-il- -o: rudder, helm. — FIS
  • mandaren-o mandarin. — DEFIRS
  • mandarin-o mandarin orange; tangerine orange. — DEFIRS
  • mandat-o money order (as P.O.; cf. cheko). — DFIRS
  • Mande-a, -o mandæan.
  • mandel-o almond; -iero: a. tree (Prunus Amygdalus); -lakto: milk of a.; -atra okuli: a. eyed; -siropo: a. syrup, orgeat (cf. orjato). — DFIRS
  • mandibul-o mandible; (zool.) either the upper or lower, part of the beak of a bird; (anat.) lower jaw; (cf. maxilo); -ala: mandibular. — DEFIS
  • Mandjuri-a Manchuria.
  • mandolin-o (mus.) mandolin. — DEFIRS
  • mandor-o (mus.) mandore: a kind of stringed lute. — DEFI
  • mandragor-o (bot.) mandragora; European mandrake (Atropa mandragora). — EFIS
  • mandrel-o (tech.) mandril, mandrel. Def.: Utensilo por kurvigar plaki, dilatar tubi, e.c.. — EFIS
  • mandrin-o (tech.) drill-chuck. — FIS
  • manej-o manege: riding-school; -academy. — DEFIRS
  • manekin-o manikin, lay figure, dummy. Def.: Figuro imitanta la formo di homo o di animalo; ofte artikizita. — DEFRS
  • manet-o (tech.) hand-lever, movable handle or knob. — FI
  • mang-o (fruit) mango; -iero: mango tree (Mangifera). — DEFIS
  • mangan-o (min.) manganese. — DEFIRS
  • mangl-o (fruit) mangrove; -iero: mangrove tree (Rhizophora Mangle). — DEFIS
  • mangust-o (zool.) mongoose (Herpestes). — DEFIS
  • mani-o mania, monomania: derangement of the mind especially upon a single subject; -eto: hobby, fancy; -ika, -oza; -iko, -ozo: maniac(al); (cf. monomani-iko). Ex.: Il havas mani(et)o skribar, kompozar. Mani(et)o pri kultivado di tulipi. — DEFIRS
  • manier-o manner, way of doing anything; or acting; method; mannerism; (pl.) behavio(u)r, deportment, (cf. kustumo, modo); omna laboristo laboras segun sua maniero: every workman has his own way of doing a thing; parol- (od, -modo) mode, manner of speech; il havas tre agreabla manieri: he has very pleasing manners. — DEFIRS
  • manifest-ar (tr.) to manifest, make to appear, make known; -a: manifest, no longer concealed (cf. evidenta, vid-ebla, notora, publika). Ex.: Deo manifestas su per sua laboruri. Manifesta eroro. — DEFIRS
  • manik-o sleeve (of a garment, or any sleeve-like object); -o buf-anta: puffed or bulging s.; sur- -o: over-s., s. guard. — FIS
  • manikur-ar to manicure. — DEFIRS
  • maniok-o (bot.) manioc, manihot, cassava (genus: Manihot). — DEFIS
  • manipl-o (Rom. antiq., eccl.) maniple. — DEFIRS
  • manipul-ar (tr.) to manipulate; to treat, work or operate with the hand. — DEFIRS
  • manipulator-o sounding-key; apparatus used to send messages (telegraphic, etc.) by breaks in the current. — EFIRS
  • manivel-o crooked handle, crank; -e plear ario: to grind out a tune (as on a hand organ); -arboro: crank-shaft; -drilo: breast-drill. — FIS
  • manj-ar (tr.) to eat: chew and swallow; (fig.) to eat away; consume; -etar: to nibble, to eat little; -o, -ado: a meal, eating; -ajo: something eaten or to be eaten; food, victuals (cf. nutr-iva, disho); -il-aro: eating utensils; -eg-ero: glutton; -o-trogo: manger, crib, eating tough; -eyo, -o-chambro: eating place, dining chamber, refectory; -o-sako: nosebag (for horses). — FIS
  • mank-ar to be lacking, wanting, missing; (cf. indijar); -o: want, lack, absence, deficiency, shortcoming, need; to mankas a me: I miss it (lit.) that is missing to me; manko di respekto, di pekunio: lack of respect, of money; mankas multa libri (od, multa libri mankas): many books are missing. — FIS
  • manometr-o manometer: a pressure or vacuum gauge; steam gauge. — DEFIRS
  • manot-o handcuff; -izar, -ligar: to handcuff. — FIS
  • manovr-ar (tr., intr.) to maneuver (manœuvre) (troops, ships); (fig.) to manage, or bring about, with skill (an affair, etc.). — DEFIRS
  • mansard-o garret; story or room under a sloping roof (cf. atiko). — DFIR
  • manshet-o cuff (detachable or not, of shirts, gowns); (cf. ponyeto, paramento). Def.: Parto (ordinare starchita) qua finis maniko di kamizo e cirkondas la karpo. — DFIR
  • mante-ar (tr.) to toss (ulu) in a blanket. — S
  • mantel-o (garment) mantle, cloak; (arch.) mantel (as over a fire-place); -eto: short cloak; (R.C. ch.) mantelletta; -sako: portmanteau; clothes-bag; (cf. valizo). — DEFIRS
  • manten-ar to keep fast, hold fast, sustain (in a state of stability); -ar karpenturo per fero: to uphold timberwork with iron; to maintain, preserve: keep in the same state; -ar ordino, familio: to maintain order, a family; la -o di la legi: the maintaining of the laws. Def.: Tenar en la sama pozeso o stando. — EFIS
  • mantili-o mantilla. — DEFIRS
  • mantis-o the decimal part of a logarithm.
  • manu-o hand; -ala: manual; -laboro: hand (or, manual) labo(u)r; -libro: hand-book, manual: -skrib-ita: hand-written (cf. manuskripto); -agar: (tr.) to handle, wield; (fig.) to manage; -ag-ebla: which can be handled, workable; (fig.) manageable; -fabrikar: (tr.) to make (ulo) by hand; (cf. fabrikar); -edo: handful; -edope: by handfuls; -frapo: blow, cuff, thump; -dorso: back of hand; -preso: hand-pressure; handshake; -veturo: hand-truck, barrow; -vish-ilo: hand-towel; -apog-ilo: hand-rest; -sako: hand-bag, reticule. — EFIS
  • manufaktur-o (establ.) manufactory, factory (cf. fabrik-erio); -ala: relating to factories; -isto, -estro: manufacturer; oza: full of factories. — DEFRS
  • manuskript-o manuscript. — DEFIRS
  • manzanil-o (bot.) manchineel (-tree) (Hippomane mancinella.). — DEFIS
  • map-o map; reliefa -o: relief map. — E
  • mar-o sea (cf. oceano); -a, -ala: of or relating to the sea, marine, maritime (cf. nav-ala); -isto: seaman, sailor; -o meza (od, plena): main sea, high sea; -portuo: sea-port; -ala nauzeo: sea-sickness; -kolo, stret-ajo: arm of the sea, strait; -fish-aro: sea-fish; -o-aglo: (orni.) white-tailed sea-eagle (Haliaetus albicilla); -hundo: (mam.) seal (Phoca); -o-spumo: sea-foam; (fig.) meerschaum; -o-spuma pipo: meerschaum pipe. — DEFIRS
  • marabut-o Marabout. Def.: Mohamedista kleriko od ermito. — DEFIRS
  • maraskin-o maraschino: a kind of liquor. — DEFIRS
  • marasm-o (med.) marasmus: progressive emaciation. — DEFIRS
  • maraton-o marathon. — DEFIRS
  • march-ar (intr.) to walk, step, tread; (of soldiers) to march; -(ad)o: walk(ing), march(ing); -ar granda-paze: to stride; -o aceler-ata: forced-, quick-, hurried-march or walk; -o-modo, -maniero: way of walking, gait (cf. pazo); -anto, -ero: pedestrian, walker, marcher; -ario: march-music, -tune; -etar: to trip along (of children). Def.: Facar pazi, pozar alterne la pedi sur la sulo, irge qua esas la direciono o la skopo di ta ago (ne rezervata a la militala marcho, o la militala komandi). — DEFIRS
  • marchand-ar (tr.) to bargain for, beat down the price of, haggle about; -(ad)o: bargaining; il longa-tempe marchandis ta domo: he was a long time bargaining for that house. — F
  • marcipan-o marzipan, marchpane: a kind of sweetmeat. — DEFIRS
  • mardi-o Tuesday. — FIS
  • mare-o tide, ebb and flow (cf. fluxo, refluxo); -ego: bore, eagre: rush of water up an estuary; wave caused by meeting of two tides. — FIS
  • mareograf-o marigraph: tide-gauge register.
  • mareometr-o tide-gauge.
  • margarin-o (chem.) margarin; (com.) oleomargarine, artificial butter. — DEFIS
  • margrav-o (title) margrave. — DEFIS
  • margrit-o (bot.) marguerite, ox-eye daisy (Chrysanthemum leucanthemum); -eto: English daisy (Bellis perennis). — EF
  • maria-balno (chem.) water-bath; (cook.) double-boiler. — DFIS
  • mariaj-ar (tr.) to marry; legally unite in wedlock (by an official, priest, minister); (cf. spoz-igar, aliancar); la komonestro mariajis li: the mayor married them; -ar su: to get married (kun ulu); -o, -eso: marriage, matrimony, wedlock; -o leg-ala: civil marriage; -anto, -ero: person officiating at a marriage, match-maker; -ebla: marriageable; -at-ulo: married man, (nova) bridegroom; -festo: wedding, nuptials; -fest-anti, -gasti: wedding-party, -guests; -anunco: banns. V. exp.: L’ago mariajar implikas 3 personi; la homulo e la homino mariajata, e la legal (o religial) oficisto, qua mariajas (unionas) li. Do, segun rigoro, la verbo mariajar povas havar quale subjekto nur l’oficisto. Per extenso, on povas dicar ke la homulo e la homino mariajas su, pro ke lia volo esas ya la kauzo di la mariajo. La sacerdoto mariajas Maria e me. La patro di Maria grantis Maria e me kom spozino. Maria spozuligis me. Me spozinigis Maria, od, me mariajis me kun Maria. — EFI
  • Marian-i Mariana (islands).
  • marihuan-o marijuana. — DEFIRS
  • marin-ar (tr.) to marinate: to salt or pickle, as fish, and then preserve in oil or vinegar; -ajo: marinade; (cf. sal-izar). — DEFIRS
  • marionet-o (also fig.) marionette, puppet; filo- -o: dancing jack. — DEFIRS
  • marjin-o margin (of book, of paper); (fig.) border, edge (of anything); not-izar en -o: to note or write in the margin. — DEFIS
  • mark-o mark: token by which anything is known; stamp; -izar: to mark; -ifar: to produce a mark, leave a trace; -o-signo: distinctive mark or sign; (cf. indiko, signo, atesto); marko sur mutono, sur boko-tuko: mark on a sheep, on a napkin; doganala -o: stamp of the Customs. — DEFIRS
  • «mark» (money) mark; (weight) mark; an old weight: 8 oz. (ounces).
  • markez-o marquis or marchioness, -ino: marchioness; -ulo: m. — DEFIRS
  • markot-ar (tr., hort.) to layer: bend a shoot or branch to the ground and cover with earth so as to take root; -ajo: branch or shoot thus layered. — FI
  • marmelad-o marmelade. — DEFIRS
  • marmit-o pot (for boiling); porridge-pot. — FIS
  • marmor-o marble; -a: of marble (statuo, e.c.); -ala, -atra: relating to marble; marble-like, marmoreal; -umar: to stain or vein like marble. — DEFIRS
  • marmot-o (zool.) marmot (Arctomys Marmota); (U.S.) woodchuck, groundhog. — EFIS
  • marn-o marl. — FI
  • marod-ar (intr.) to maraud: rove in quest of plunder; (tr.) to plunder. — DEFRS
  • Marok-o Morocca; -ano: Moroccan.
  • marokin-a, -o morocco (leather). — DFIS
  • maron-o (fruit) marron: horse-chestnut (Aesculus Hippocastanum); -ea, -bruna: chestnut-colo(u)red; (cf. kastano). — EF
  • Marquesas Marquesas (islands).
  • marquiz-o marquee: a large field tent; an ornamental verander or penthouse overhanging a balcony, window or door. — DEFIS
  • Mars-o (myth., astron.) Mars.
  • marshal-o marshal, field-marshal. — DEFIRS
  • marsh-o, -lando marsh, morass, bog, fen, swamp. — E
  • marsuin-o porpoise (Phocaena communis). — FIS
  • marsupial-o (zool.) marsupial. — EFIS
  • mart-o (month of) March. — DEFIRS
  • martel-o hammer; -agar: to hammer (cf. malear); -ag-(ad)o: hammering; ligno- -o: mallet, pestle, beetle; (cf. malio); vapor- -ego: steam-, forge-hammer. — FIS
  • Martinik Martinique.
  • Martin-pesk-aro (orni.) kingfisher (Alceda hispida); (cf. alcedo).
  • Martin-somero St. Martin’s summer: warm, damp season in England and southern Europe from November to about Christmas.
  • martir-o, -ulo, -ino (also fig.) martyr; -igar: martyrize (ulu). — DEFIS
  • martr-o (zool.) marten (Mustela Martes). — DEFIS
  • marvel-o wonder, marvel, prodigy. Def.: Ulo qua efikas astoneso od admiro per aparta beleso, grandeso o stranjeso, mem per superhomeso o supernatureso. — EFIS
  • mas-o mass: body of matter cohering in one body, usually of considerable size; (cf. amaso, bloko, turbo). — DEFIRS
  • masaj-ar (tr.) to massage (ulu). — DEFIRS
  • masakr-o (tr.) to massacre. Def.: Mortigar un (od, plu generale) plura personi kruele o senbezone. — DEFIS
  • mash-o mesh, link (as in knitting, etc.); -kuraso, -kuto, -tuniko: coat of mail. — DE
  • mashin-o machine, engine; -i, -aro: engines, machinery; -isto: machinist: one who runs or constructs m.s; -ala: mechanical; relating to machinery (cf. makanik-ala); -agar: to use or operate a m.; -izar: to furnish m.s to; -ifar: to produce, make m.s; exploz- -o: infernal machine; milit- -o: engine of war; sut- -o: sewing m.; vapor- -o: steam-engine; -skrib-ar: (tr.) to write with a m., to typewrite (ulo); (cf. skrib- -o, -isto, -ero: typist). — DEFIRS
  • mashinac-ar (tr.) to machinate: plan or contrive in secret with evil purpose. — DEFIS
  • masiv-a massive, bulky; -o: a large solid mass (as of masonry); a block (of flowers, trees, etc.); bulk (of a mountain or hill). — DEFIRS
  • mask-ar (tr.) to mask (to cover the face with a mask, not travestiar); -ilo: a mask; -ita, -ito: masked (person); -o-festo, -it-aro: masquerade; -it-eso: (fig.) a disguise. — DEFIRS
  • maskaron-o (arch.) carved or moulded face (or figure). V exp.: To ne esas masko, ma vizajo plu o min groteska, skultita. — DFRS
  • maskul-a, -ala, -atra male, masculine; -o: a male; -a genro: gender; -eso: masculinity. — DEFIS
  • masokist-o masochist. — DEFIRS
  • mason-ar (tr.) to do mason’s work on: to build (with stone, brick, etc.); to wall up, seal up (a door, etc.); -isto: mason, bricklayer. — EF
  • mast-o mast; -eto: small m., spar, pole; ye mi-masto: at half-mast; -i, -aro: masts (of a ship, etc.); -izar: to put m.s on, in (a ship, etc.); -iz-ilo: sheer legs. — DEFRS
  • mastektomi-o mastectomy. — DEFIRS
  • mastic-o mastic: a resin from the mastic tree; any of the pasty cements, esp. putty; -izar: to putty. — DEFI
  • mastik-ar (tr.) to chew, masticate; -ajo: something to chew; cud; -endo: (med.) masticatory; -achar: to munch. — EFIS
  • mastodont-o mastodon. — DEFIRS
  • mastr-o master: person having authority; -ino: mistress; -eso: mastery; su- -eso: self-mastery, self-control; sub- -o: foreman, overseer. — DEFIS
  • mat-o mat, matting (of straw or other materials). — DE
  • matador-o matador. — DEFIRS
  • mate-o maté (tree, drink). — DEFIRS
  • matematik-o mathematics. — DEFIRS
  • materi-o (also fig. as of discourse, book, etc.) material, matter (out of which something is made); -ajo: material object, substance; -ala: material: relating to matter; -oza: substantial, not formal; -atra: material (analogous to); -al-isto, -ista: materialist(ic); -al-ismo: materialism; -al-eso: materiality; -o prima, kruda: raw material; -igar: to materialize: to make (a spirit) visible in or as a material form; -al-igar: to invest with material characteristics, to substantialize. — DEFIRS
  • matid-a dull, hollow (of sound); mat(t), dead, dull, not shiny, glossy (of colo(u)rs, etc.). Ant.: sonora, bril-anta. — FS
  • matin-o morning, forenoon: time from dawn to midday; -ala: m., f.; matutinal; ca- -e: on (or in) this m., f.; morga -o: tomorrow m., f.; (esas) fru-matine: (it was) early in the m. — EFIS
  • matlot-o matelot: a kind of fish-stew; a kind of sailor’s dance, hornpipe. — F
  • matr-o mother; -ala: maternal; -eto: little mother; (fig.) mamma; -eso: maternity: motherliness; -ala linguo: mother-tongue; -aquo: (chem.) mother-liquor.
  • matrac-o mattress. — DEFIR
  • matras-o (chem. instr.) matrass. — EFIS
  • matric-o (tech.) matrix. — DEFIRS
  • matrikul-o matricula: register in which names are entered consecutively, as for a hospital, prison, society, etc.; -eskar, -izar: to matriculate. — DEFIRS
  • matron-o matron. — DEFIRS
  • matur-a (also fig.) ripe, mature: having become completely developed; -igar: to cause to ripen or come to maturity; -a frukti: ripe fruits; -a evo: mature age; -a abceso: ripe (suppurating) abcess; -a delibero: mature deliberation. — EFIS
  • matutin-o (R.C. Ch.) matins. Def.: ‘Ofico’ di la matino. — EFIS
  • Mauric-o Mauritius.
  • Mauritani-a Mauritania.
  • mauzole-o mausoleum. — DEFIRS
  • maxil-o maxilla: upper jaw bone (cf. mandibulo); -ala: maxillary. — EFI
  • maxim(e) (adv. of comparison) most; -a: highest; -o: maximum; -multo: the generality, majority, the most; -multe posible: the most possible; -granda posibla: the greatest possible; -bona: the best; -a sorgo: the greatest care; lu laboris maxime: he works most; la maxim granda asno ek la tri: the biggest ass of the three; -alta: highest; -a valoro: highest value; (fig.) highest price; -ala: relating to the maximum; -klara posible: as clear as possible, the clearest possible. Ant.: minim. — DEFIRS
  • may-o (month) May. — DEFIRS
  • mayolik-o majolica. — DEFIRS
  • mayonez-o (cook.) maayonnaise (-sauce). — DEFIRS
  • mayor-o (milit. title) major. — DEFIRS
  • Mayork-a Majorca.
  • mayuskul-o capital or uncial letter, majuscule. Ant.: miniskulo. — DEFIS
  • maz-o mace. Def.: Baston(ego) plu grosa ye un extremajo kam ye l’altra; ica servas kom mancho, e l’enesma havas nodi, o klovi o saliaji. La mazo moderna esas uzata quale ceremoniala insigno, ex.: en parlamento. — EFIS
  • mazurk-o mazurka (dance and music). — DEFIRS
  • me I, me; (acc. me, or in case of necessity men); -a, -i: (sing. and pl.) my, mine; la me-ajo e la tu-ajo: mine and thine. Ex.: Me amas mea frati. Vua servisti ne frequentas mei, e mei ne frequentas vui. — DEFIRS
  • mecen-o Maecenas; (fig.) patron of art and science. — DEFIRS
  • mech-o wick (of lamp, of candle); tinder; (artil.) quick-match; -o-fusilo: match-lock. — FS
  • Med-i Medes.
  • medali-o medal. — DEFIRS
  • medalion-o medallion; (fig.) locket. — DEFIRS
  • medi-o (also nat. sciences) environment, surroundings; (of people) circle, set; (cf. cirkum-aji); en la intelektala, etikala e sociala medio: in the intellectual, moral and social environment; -a: ambient, surrounding.
  • Medi-a Media.
  • mediac-ar (tr.) to mediate: to intervene, interpose between people or in something to harmonize or reconcile; -o: mediation, intervention; -anto, -ero: mediator; intermediate; agent; middleman, go-between; -anta: intermediate; (cf. mediata). — DEFIS
  • median-a, -o (geom., and fig. in zool., anat., bot.) median (middle), mesial. Def.: Rekto qua juntas somito di triangulo a la mezo dil latero opozita. — DEFI
  • mediat-a mediate: intermediate, not direct or immediate, indirect; -igar: to mediatize: to make intermediate, render mediate; -e: intermediately, indirect; ne- -a: immediate: without intervention of another object, cause or agency; (cf. quik); -ajo: something intermediate, intermediary (object; cf. mediac-anto). — DEFIS
  • medicin-o (art, profession) medicine; (cf. medikamento); -ala: medical; -ist-o, -ulo, -ino: one who occupies himself with medicine, even theoretically (cf. mediko); -doktoro: doctor of m., -student(ul)o: student of m. — DEFIRS
  • medik-o, -ulo, -ino physician, doctor; -ala: medical; -acho: quack. V. exp.: Per mediko on devas komprenar medicinisto praktikanta, kontre ke medicinisto (segun l’etimologio) esas irgu qua okupas su profesione pri medicino (mem nur teoriale). Profesoro di medicino, exemple, esas medicinisto, ma povas ne esar mediko. Kuracisto signifikas ta qua (profesione) kuracas, sive mediko, sive ne. — DEFIS
  • medikament-o medicine, medicament; -a, -ala, -atra: medicinal; -izar: to apply, give medicine to (ulu). — DEFIS
  • medit-ar (tr., intr.) to meditate, think over, ponder (cf. projetar); Ex.: Meditar (pri) ula verajo, la paroli di evangelio-libri. Il pasas sua tempo en meditado. Meno meditema. — DEFIS
  • Mediterane-a, -o Mediterranean (sea).
  • medium-o (spiritistic) medium. — DEFIRS
  • medul-o medulla: (bone) marrow; (of plants) pith. — EFIS
  • meduz-o (zool.) medusa: jelly-fish, sea-nettle; Meduzo: (myth.) Medusa. — DEFIRS
  • Mefistofel-ala, -atra Mephistophelean. — DEFI
  • mefit-o mephitis: noxious or foul exhalation, especially from earth; (mines) choke-damp. — DEFIS
  • mega- mega- (million-fold). — DEFIRS
  • megafon-o megaphone: (large) speaking trumpet. — DEFIRS
  • megalit-a megalithic: consisting of large stone; -o: megalith (monument). — DEFIRS
  • megalomani-o megalomania. — DEFIRS
  • megaspor-o (bot.) megaspore. — DEFIS
  • megasporangi-o (bot.) megasporangium. — DEFIS
  • megateri-o (paleon.) megathere. — DEFIRS
  • meger-o shrew, vixen, termagent. — DFI
  • meitneri-o (chem.) meitnerium.
  • mejis-ar (tr.) to taw (skins). Def.: Specala maniero preparar la peli, precipue la mikra peli: mikra bovyuno, mutono, mutonyuno, kapro-yuno, por fabrikar ganti, delikata shui, e.c. La mejisado esas specala karakterizata per to ke la tanago di la peli, vice facesar per tanoza extrakturi, quale la tanago propre dicita, esas facata per specala mixuro blankatra kompozita de aluno, vitelo e marala salo. — F
  • mekanik-o (science of) mechanics; -ala: mechanical; relative to mechanics or the laws of motion (cf. mashin-ala); -isto: mechanician: one learned in the theories of mechanics (cf. mashin-(if)isto). Ex.: omna movi di korpi esas mekanikal, la libera falo di korpo, same kam la falo di vapor-martelo. — DEFIRS
  • mekanism-o (philos., mechan, and fig.) mechanism, machinery; structure; mechanical parts. Def.: Ensemblo di la mekanikal relati, kun egardo a la dispozeso di la parti. Ex.: La mekanismo do horlojo od altra mashino. La mekanismo esas ulo abstraktita, la strukturo, la dispozeso di la parti di la aparato. — DEFIS
  • mekanist-o (philos.) representative of mechanism.
  • mekanomorfos-o mechanomorphosis.
  • melanin-o melanin. — DEFIRS
  • melanism-o (biol.) melanism.
  • melankoli-o (of persons) melancholy; (med.) melancholia; -oza: melancholy, dispirited, gloomy (of mind); (cf. trista). Ant.: gayeso. — DEFIRS
  • melanom-o melanoma. — DEFIRS
  • melas-o molasses, treacle. — DEFIS
  • mele-o melee; a general had to hand fight. — EF
  • melilot-o melilot. — EFIS
  • melinit-o melinite (-powder). — DEFIRS
  • melis-o (bot.) balm, balm-mint (Melissa officinalis). — DEFIS
  • melk-ar (tr.) to milk (an animal). — DE
  • melodi-o melody; -a, -ala, -oza, -atra: melodious, musical, sweet, tuneful. — DEFIRS
  • melodram-o melodrama. — DEFIRS
  • melolont-o maybeetle, cockchafer (Melolontha vulgaris). — IL
  • melon-o melon, muskmelon (Cucumis Melo); aquo- -o: watermelon (Cucumis Citrulis); kantalupo- -o: cantaloup. — DEFS
  • melope-o (mus.) melopoeia. — EFIRS
  • mem (adv.) even, still, (in comparson); (emphasis) really, indeed (cf. ya); mem se: even if; mem plu bona: still better, better yet; yes, me konfesas, ke mea manui esas mem tre sordida: yes, I admit that my hands are really very dirty; ica pano esas bona, ma ita esas mem plu bona: that bread is good but that is even better; il meritas estimo, mem amo: he merits esteem, even love. — F
  • membr-o member (of society, community, party, parliament, of an equation); limb (of body); -o (di frazo): clause (cf. klauzo); -i, -aro: members, limbs; -oza: limbered, membered. — EFIS
  • membran-o (anat., bot.) membrane. — DEFIS
  • «memento» (R.C. ch.) memento: prayers for living and dead.
  • memor-ar (tr.) to remember, recollect, have a memory of; (cf. merkar); -igar: to cause (ulu) to remember, remind, bring to mind, commemorate; -(ad)o: (act, faculty) memory, remembrance; -ajo: what is rembered, recollection; -ig-ilo: reminder, souvenir, keepsake; -e: by heart; -inda: memorable; -igo: commemoration, remembrance; -ig-iva, -ala: commemorative; -noto: note of reminder, memorandum; -libro: memo. book; ri- -o: reminiscence, recollection. — EFIRS
  • memorand-o memorandum; (of societies, academies); (dipl.) memorial: a note or informal state paper used in diplomacy. — DEF
  • memorial-o memoir. Def.: Historiala verko, en qua l’autoro naracas l’eventi di sua vivo o di sua tempo. — DEFIS
  • menaj-o housekeeping: administration, cleaning and general management of a house, especially apart from mere cooking arrangements; -isto, -ulo, -ino, -estro: housekeeper. Def.: Domal (hemala) ekonomio o servado. — F
  • menajeri-o menagerie. Def.: Kolekturo de animali rara o sovaja por expozo. — DEF
  • mencion-ar (tr.) to mention, make mention of; honor-oza, -iz-anta -o: honorable mention. V. exp.: vid. citar. — EFIS
  • mendik-ar (tr.) to beg (for alms); -anto, -ero, -isto: beggar, mendicant. — EFIS
  • menhir-o menhir: standing stone. — DEF
  • meningit-o (med.) meningitis; -o cerebro-spinala: cerebro-spinal m. — EFIS
  • mening-o, -i (anat.) meninx, meninges. — EFIS
  • menisk-o (opt., phys.) meniscus. — DEFIS
  • menopauz-o menopause. — DEFIRS
  • mens-o (of abbeys) revenue; (fig.) table-money, allowance for table. — F
  • menstru-ar (intr., physiol.) to menstruate, have the monthly flow; -o: menses. — DEFIRS
  • ment-o mind: seat of consciousness, thought, volition and feeling; mentality: cast or habit of mind (cf. spirito, psiko, intelekto); -ala: mental; -o milit-ist-ala: a military mind: an intelligence which looks at all matters from a soldier’s viewpoint; -o partis-ala: a partisan mind or spirit; -o publika: public spirit or mind; -o-mediko: physician of the mind, alienist. — EFIS
  • menti-ar (intr.) to lie, tell a falsehood (pri, per); -etar: to fib. — FIS
  • mentol-o menthol. — DEFIRS
  • menton-o chin; -o sali-anta: prominent c.; -o du-pada: double c.; -barbo: c. beard; (cf. infra labio-barbo); -bandajo: c. bandage; -kateno: (horses) curb-chain; menton-umo: c.piece, c.-band, -strap. Def.: (menton-umo): Bendo ek stofo, ledro o metalo por renar kapvesto sur la kapo; anke kuseneto od utensilo por violino fixa dum ke on pleas. — FI
  • mentor-o mentor (counselor). — DEFIRS
  • menu-o menu, bill of fare. — DEFS
  • menuet-o minuet (dance or air). — DEFIRS
  • menuz-ar (intr.) to do fine carpenter’s or joiner’s work; -isto: cabinet-worker, joiner (cf. eben-isto). V. exp.: vid. karpentar. — F
  • mercenari-o (milit.) mercenery (soldier) — EFIS
  • mercer-o (Eng.) mercer’s business, haberdasher’s trade. (U.S.) dry-goods business; -isto: mercer, haberdasher: a dealer in textile fabrics, trimmings, and small articles of dress. — EFIS
  • meridian-a lineo, meridiano meridian. — DEFIRS
  • merin-o merino (-sheep); -lano: merino wool. — DEFIRS
  • mering-o (cook.) meringue: a kind of icing and cake made of it. — DEFIS
  • meristem-o (bot.) meristem. — DEFIS
  • merit-ar (tr.) to deserve, merit (ulo de ulu); -o: merit, worth, desert. Ex.: Meritar laudo, puniso, rekompenso. — EFIS
  • meriz-o wild cherry; -iero: wild cherry tree (Prunus avium). — F
  • merk-ar (tr.) to mark, to impress (ulo) on one’s memory, to retain or remember) a thing, keep in mind, (cf. memorar); vorti facile merk-ebla: words easy to keep in mind; merkez mea paroli: mark my words; me merkos to: I will bear that in mind; -o-vorto: catch-word, cue-word, key-word. V. exp.: Merkar expresas ideo simila a lernar, tamen min konsideranta la peno e l’intenco. — DE
  • merkat-o (aslo fig. as in polit. econ.) market: public place for selling. Def.: Vendeyo publika. Stando di la ofro e demando di vari en un urbo o loko. — DEFIS
  • merkurdi-o Wednesday. — FIS
  • merkuri-o (chem.) mercury, quicksilver. — EFIS
  • merl-o (orni.) blackbird (Turdus merula). — DFIS
  • merlan-o (ich.) whiting (Gadus Merlangus). — FR
  • merlon-o (fort.) merlon. Def.: Parto (solida) di muro inter du kreneli. — DEFIS
  • merluch-o (ich.) merluce: the European hake (Merlucius vulgaris). — EFIRS
  • merogoni-o (embryol.) merogony. — DEFIS
  • meromorf-a (math.) meromorphic. — DEFIS
  • merotomi-o merotomy: division into parts. — DEFIS
  • mes-o (R.C. Ch.) mass; -libro: missal, prayer-book; -o sen-kanta: low mass — DEFIRS
  • mesaj-o message: official communication, diplomatic, parliamentary; (cf. letro, send-ajo). — EFIS
  • mesi-o (also fig.) Messiah; -an-a, -ala: Messianic. — DEFIRS
  • meskalin-o mescaline. — DEFIRS
  • meskin-a mean, paltry (person, act); narrow, illiberal (ideas, policy); stingy, niggardly (persons, policy); shabby (room, person); -ajo: mean or paltry thing or act, shabby trick. Def.: Qua indijas larjeso, alteso (precipue etikala). — FIS
  • mestic-a, -o (of persons, animals) half-breed, mixed-breed; mestizo: a peson of mixed Spanish and American Indian blood; (cf. mulato, hibrido). — DEFIS
  • mestier-o trade, handicraft: occupation or business in which manual or mechanical labo(u)r is necessary, as that of a carpenter or mason; -ala: technical, craft; -isto: artisan, mechanic; il esas mestiere torn-isto: he is a turner (or lathe-worker) by trade. — FIR
  • met-ar to put on , don (clothing, ornaments); (cf. vest-izar); -ar frako: to put on a dress-coat; -o: donning, dressing; -ebla: wearable: which can be put on. — FI
  • metaboli-o (biol.) metabolism. — DEFIS
  • metacentr-o (hydros. and shipbuilding) metacenter (metacentre) — DEFIRS
  • metacinez-o (biol.) metakinesis. — DEFIS
  • metadon-o methadone. — DEFIRS
  • metafaz-o (biol.) metaphase. — DEFIS
  • metafizik-o metaphysics. — DEFIRS
  • metafor-o (rhet.) metaphor. — DEFIRS
  • metafraz-o metaphrase: literal translation. Def.: Expliko qua konsistas en tradukar loko (frazo) en plura klara, simpla e vulgara vorti. — DEFIRS
  • metageometri-o metageometry.
  • metakarp-o (anat.) metacarpus. — EFIS
  • metal-o metal; -a, -ala, -oza: metallic: of m., relaing to m., full of m.; -ajo: m. object; -izar: to metallize; to coat or impregnate with m.; -ifo: metallurgy; ore production (cf. metalurgio); -if-isto: metallurgist; -filo: wire; -laboristo: m.worker; -vaz-aro, -aj-aro: ironmongery, hardware. — DEFIRS
  • metalografi-o metallography. — DEFS
  • metaloid-o (chem.) metalloid. — DEFS
  • metalurgi-o metallurgy: science and art of preparing metals from the ores (not the extracting of ores; cf. metal-ifo). — DEFIS
  • metamer-o (zool.) metamere. — DEFIS
  • metamorfos-ar (tr.) to metamorphose. — DEFIRS
  • metan-o (chem.) methane, marsh-gas. — DEFIS
  • metastabil-a (physical chem.) metastable. — DEF
  • metatars-o (anat.) metatarsus. — EFIS
  • metatez-o (gram.) metathesis. — DEFIRS
  • metempsikos-o metempsychosis, transmigration of souls. — DEFIRS
  • meteor-o meteor. — DEFIRS
  • meteorologi-o meteorology; -isto: meteorologist. — DEFIRS
  • metil-o (chem.) methyl. — DEFIS
  • metod-o method: special or definite system of procedure; (of things) -ala: methodical; (of persons) -oza: methodical; -ale, -oze: methodically. Ex.: Il facas omno segun metodo (od, metodoze). Metodala aranjo. — DEFIRS
  • metod-ismo (rel.) methodism: doctrine of methodists; -isto: methodist (member of a religious sect).
  • metodologi-o methodology. — DEFIS
  • metol-o (chem.) metol. — DEFIS
  • metonimi-o (rhet.) metonymy. — DEFIRS
  • metonomazi-o metonomatosis. Def.: Chanjo di propra nomo per traduko, qua celas ol. — DEFIRS
  • metop-o (arch.) metope. — DEFIRS
  • metr-o (metric) meter (metre): 1.093 yards; (poet.) meter; -o-quadrato: square meter: 1.196 square yards; -o kubo: cubic meter: 35 cubic feet; -ala: (measure or verse) metrical. — DEFIRS
  • metrik-o (science of) versification, prosody, scansion.
  • metrologi-o metrology.
  • metronom-o metronome. — DEFIRS
  • metropol-o metropolis: a chief or capital city. — DEFIRS
  • metropolit-o (eccl.) metropolitan (bishop). — DEFIRS
  • Mexik-o Mexico City; -ano: Mexican; -ia: Mexico (country); -iano: Mexican.
  • mez-a, -o middle, midst; -e di: in the middle of; -a, -ala: middle, medial, median; -grada, -valora: (of quantities) average; (math.) mean; (gen.) middling, mediocre, tolerable (cf. pasabla); -grado, -valoro: average, mean, mediocrity; -valore: moderately, indifferently; -epoko: the Middle Ages; -epok-ala: medieval; -eva: of middle age; -a stando: (od, situ-eso): moderate circumstances; -a fosto (di fenestro): mullion; -o-soprano: mezzo-soprano; -a proporcion-alo: (geom.) mean proportional. — I
  • mezenter-o (anat.) mesentery. — DEFIS
  • mezoderm-o (embryol., zool.) mesoderm. — DEFIS
  • mezolab-o (instr.) mesolabe. — DEFIRS
  • Mezopotami-a Mesopotamia; -ano: Mesopotamian
  • mezotint-o mezzotint(o). — DEFI
  • mezur-ar (tr.) to measure (with an instrument), to survey (land); -(ad)o: measure, measurement, measuring; (mus.) time, measure; bar; -ilo: an instrument for measuring; -ebla: measurable; sen- -a: immeasurable, immoderate; excessive, exorbitant; super- -o: over-measure; agro- -isto: land (or, field) surveyor. V. exp.: vid. evaluar. — EFI
  • mi- half; partly, semi-, demi-, in the sense of less than is usual, full and normal: mi-cirklo, half-circle; mi-horo, half an hour; mi-fratulo, half-brother; mi-lumo, half-light, twilight; mi-ombro, half-shade, partial shadow; mi-mortinta: half-dead (cf. quaz-a, -e); mi-mond-umo: demi-monde.
  • mi mi, third note of diatonic scale.
  • miasm-o miasma: noxious exhalation. — DEFIRS
  • miaul-ar (intr.) to mew: to cry as a cat, to caterwaul, miaou. — DEFIS
  • mi-cirkl-o hemicycle, half-circle.
  • mi-de-o demigod.
  • mi-dek-e-du-o half-dozen.
  • miel-o honey; (fig.) sweetness; -ala, -oza, -atra: honeyed, melliferous; -ifar: to produce honey; -aquo: hydromel, mead; -kuko: gingerbread; -mixuro: oxymel: a mixture of vinegar and honey; -tempo: honeymoon. — FIS
  • mien-o (of the face) look(s), mien, countenance, -acho: affected, lackadaisical, simpering look; -o superba: haughty look; facar mien-i, -achi: to put on airs, mince, simper, smirk; ne judikez homo segun lua mieno: do not judge a person by his looks. — DEFR
  • mi-faci-o (photog.) pose between face and profile; (cf. mi-profilo).
  • mi-farm-ajo metairie: land (or implements) leased for half-share of produce; -ado: metayage; -isto, -ero: metayer.
  • mi-frat-ulo half-brother.
  • migr-ar (intr.) to migrate; -anta, -ema: migrating; (fig.) itinerant; -anta uceli: migrating birds. — EFIS
  • migren-o megrim: a kind of sick or nervous pain affecting one side of the head, hemicrania. — DEFIR
  • migrenin-o (med.) a kind of remedy for megrim or hemicrania.
  • mika-o (min.) mica. — DEFIS
  • mikoriz-o (biol.) mycorrhiza. — DEFIS
  • mikr-a little, small; (cf. poka); -eta, -acha: tiny, wee; -ope: little by little, bit by bit; -igar: to make small, belittle; (cf. min-grand-igar, diminutar), -o-kosmo: microcosm. Ex.: Mikra spaco, chambro, homo, sumo, nombro, merito. Ant.: granda. — DEFIRS
  • mikrob-o microbe. — DEFIRS
  • mikrofilm-o microfilm. — DEFIRS
  • mikrofon-o microphone. — DEFIRS
  • mikrograf-o micrographer: one versed in micrography.
  • mikrografi-o micrography: description of microscopic objects. — DEFIRS
  • mikrometr-o micrometer. — DEFIRS
  • mikron-o micron: 1/1000 of a millimeter (millimetre). — DEFIRS
  • mikropil-o (bot., zool.) micropyle. — DEFIS
  • mikroskop-o microscope. — DEFIRS
  • mikrosom-o (biol.) microsome. — DEFIS
  • mikrospor-o (bot.) microspore. — DEFIS
  • mikrosporangi-o (bot.) microsporangium. — DEFIS
  • mikrozo-o microzoa: animals of microscopic smallness. — DEFIRS
  • mil thousand; -o: a (one) thousand; -esma: (ordinal) 1000th; -imo: (fraction) 1/1000 (part); -yara: millenary; (cf. cent, du for derivatives). — FIS
  • milan-o (orni.) kite (Milvus ictinus). — FS
  • mild-a mild, gentle. — DE
  • mili-o mile: 5280 feet; 1609.35 meters (metres).
  • miliard-o billion; 1000 millions; -iero: billionaire. — DEFIRS
  • milic-o militia; -ano: militiaman. — DEFIRS
  • miliet-o (bot.) millet (Panicum miliaceum). Def.: Gramino qua produktas mikra grano, ye qua su nutras la uceli.
  • miligram-o milligram: 0.015 grain. — DEFIRS
  • milimetr-o millimeter (millimetre): 0.039 inch. — DEFIRS
  • milion-o million; -iero: millionaire. — DEFIRS
  • milit-ar (intr.) to (make) war; (fig.) to militate; (por, kontre); -igar: to cause to make war; -anto, -isto: fighter, combatant, warrior; -ala: military: relating to war; -ist-ala: military: relating to warriors; -ema: combative, pugnacious, bellicose; -arto: art of war; -ruzo: stratagem (of war); -ist-aro: armed force of a country (cf. armeo); -judicio: court-martial; -ala kapt-ito: prisoner of war; -navo: warship; -nava: naval. — DEFIS
  • militar-ismo militarism; -isto: militarist: a believer in militarism; -igar: to militarize: to bring into a condition of (or imbue with) militarism. Ex.: On dicas, ke la maxim bona metodo kuracar militaristo esas igar lu militisto.
  • mi-lum-o half-light, twilight, subdued light.
  • mi-lun-o half-moon.
  • mim-ar (tr.) to mimic: express by dumb show, as for ridicule; -anto, -isto: mimic, mime. — DEFIRS
  • mimetik-a (zool.) a mimicking (animal); -eso: mimicry; imitative resemblance of one animal to another or to some inanimate object.
  • mi-mond-umo demi-monde.
  • mimos-o (bot.) mimosa, sensitive plant (genus: Mimosa). — DEFIRS
  • min(e) (adv.) less (Note: The short form: min is used when followed by adjective or verb; as, min granda: smaller; the longer form: mine is used when not followed by word which it modifies, as at the end of a sentence; il laboris mine: he worked less; min bela: less beautiful; parolez min multe: speak less; min multo: the lesser; min kam ul-tempe: less than ever; min multa pekunio: less money; sempre min: less and less. V. exp.: Min esas diminutala; minus esas sustracionala. Ex.: Esante min durstanta kam me, il drinkis un glaso minuse. Ant.: plu. Note: In distinction from E. usage where ‘less’ is used adjectivally, min is always an adverb, therefore : min multa homi, not min homi. — FIRS
  • min-ar (tr.) to undermine, to mine: extract ores, etc.; (cf. sub-destruktar) (milit.) to sap; -eyo: a mine; -ey-ala: pertaining to mines: la rivero minis la rivo: the river undermined the bank. — DEFIRS
  • minac-ar (tr.) to menace, to threaten (ulu, per ulo). Ex.: Il minacis mortigar me. La muro minacis krular (E. the wall totters). Kolero esas minaco. — EFIS
  • minaret-o minaret. — DEFIRS
  • mineral-o mineral; -igar: to mineralize: transform into a mineral; -izar: to mineralize: to cover or impregnate with mineral. — DEFIRS
  • mineralogi-o mineralogy; -isto: mineralogist. — DEFIRS
  • minestrel-o minstrel: poet, singer of the Middle Ages. — DEFIR
  • min-grand-igar to lessen, make smaller; (cf. mikr-igar, min-gros-igar, diminutar).
  • min-gros-igar to reduce in size; (cf. tenu-igar).
  • miniatur-o miniature; a small and delicate painting, as a portrait; a representation on a much reduced scale. — DEFIRS
  • minim(e), -a (superlative of min) least, lowest, minimum; -o: minimum; -a nombro (necesa por valideso di voti): quorum; minim bona, minim kurajoza: least good, least courageous; minim multa bruiso posibla: least possible noise: minim chera: least dear, the cheapest; la minim alta monto: the lowest mountain; skribar pri kozi quin on komprenas minime: to write things about which one understands least; (cf. note on form in min(e). — DEFIRS
  • minion-a small and dainty, daintily pretty; -ino: a daintily pretty girl or woman; (fig.) darling, pet; -a boko: a pretty (and small) mouth; -a pedo: a dainty foot. — F
  • ministeri-o administrative or executive department of a government of which a ministro is the head; la ministraro demisionis, ma la ministerii ankore funcionis: the ministers have resigned but the ‘ministries’ (administrative departments) still carried on their work.
  • ministr-o (state functionary) minister; -aro: cabinet, ministry (collective); -ala: ministerial; -eyo: government office; dum la ministr-eso di Sro. X: during the ministry of Mr. X; chef- -o: premier, prime minister. — DEFIRS
  • minium-o minium: red oxide of lead; (paint) red-lead. — DEFIRS
  • minor-a (jur.) minor: under age; (logic, music, eccl.) minor; -eso: (of age) minority; -a modo: minor key. Ant.: majora. — DEFIS
  • minoritat-o minority: the smaller number. Ant.: majoritato. — DEFIS
  • Minork-a Minorca.
  • minotaur-o (myth.) Minotaur. — DEFIRS
  • mint-o (bot.) mint (genus: Mentha); -o krispa: curly mint (Mentha crispa); pipro-minto: peppermint (Mentha piperita). — DEFIRS
  • minuci-o minutia, trifle, minor detail: -i: minutiae; -ema: (person) particular; attentive to detail, fastidious, hairsplitter; -em-acho: fuss-budget, busybody. — DEFIS
  • minus (arith., alg.) minus; di plus tri minus un facas (od, esas) quar: two plus three minus one makes four; il pagis a me un dollar minuse: he paid me one dollar less (i.e. he took one dollar from the price); un glaso minuse: one glass less. V. exp.: vid. min. — DEIRS
  • minuskul-o (print.) small letter; (in manuscripts) miniscule. Ant.: mayuskulo. — DEFIS
  • minut-o (of time: astron., geom. of degree) minute. — DEFIRS
  • min-valor-igar to depreciate: to lessen the value of; to undervalue, underrate; disparage; la abundo de pekunio minvalorigas la valoro: the abundance of money depreciates its value; komercaji minvaloreskas: goods are beginning to depreciate; minvalorigar persono: to depreciate a person.
  • miocen-o (geol.) miocene. — DEFIS
  • miologi-o myology. — DEFIS
  • mi-ombr-o half-shade, partial shadow; (astron.) penumbra; (cf. mi-lumo).
  • miop-a, -o near-sighted, myopic (person); -eso: myopia. — DEFIS
  • miozot-o (bot.) myosotis: forget-me-not (genus: Myosotis). — EFISL
  • mi-profil-o (photog.) half-profile (taken from the back; cf. mi-facio).
  • mir-o myrrh. — DEFIS
  • mirabel-o ‘mirabelle’: a small yellow plum (European). — DEFIRS
  • miraj-o mirage; (fig.) delusion. — EFIR
  • mirakl-o miracle; -a: miraculous: truly supernatural; -ala: miraculous: relating to miracles; -atra: miraculous: mervelous,wonderful; -if-anta: wonder-working, working miracles. — DEFIR
  • miriad-o myriad: an immense number; (antiq.) ten thousand. — DEFIRS
  • miriametr-o myriameter: ten thousand meters (metres); 6.2 miles. — DEFIRS
  • miriapod-o (zool.) myriapod; milliped. (class. Myriapoda). — DEFIS
  • mirmekofag-o (zool.) ant-eater, ant-bear (Myrmecophaga). — IL
  • mirmekofil-a (zool.) myrmecophilous. — DEFIS
  • mirmekoleon-o (ent.) ant-lion (genus: Myrmecoleon). — IL
  • mirt-o (bot.) myrtle (genus: Myrtus). — DEFIRS
  • mirtel-o (fruit) bilberry; -iero: bilberry plant: European whortleberry plant (Vacinium Myrtillus). — FIL
  • mis- dentoes erroneous, wrong action; used with verbal roots: mis-komprenar, to misunderstand; mis-pronuncar, to mispronounce; mis-prezentar, to misrepresent; mis-uzo, misuse.
  • mis-alianc-ar (su) to contract a misalliance; to marry beneath one; -o: misalliance, a bad match.
  • mis-aplik-ar (tr.) to misapply (ulo, ad, sur).
  • mis-deskript-ar (tr.) to misrepresent, wrongfully describe (cf. mis-prezentar).
  • mis-(dis)donar (tr.) to misdeal (cards).
  • mis-dukt-ar (tr.) to mislead (ulu).
  • mis-event-ar (intr.) to come to any harm, to happen unluckily, to turn out ill; -o: mischance, mishap, misadventure.
  • mi-sfer-o hemisphere.
  • mis-formac-ar (tr.) to misform, misshape; -o, -uro: malformation.
  • mis-interpret-ar (tr.) to misinterpret.
  • mision-o (religious, scientific, etc.) mission; -isto, -ero: missionary. — DEFIRS
  • mis-ir-ar (intr.) to go astray, lose one’s way.
  • mis-judici-o (jur.) erroneous judgement.
  • mis-judik-ar (tr.) to misjudge (not legal).
  • mis-kalkul-ar (tr., math.) to miscalculate.
  • mis-kompren-ar (tr.) to misunderstand, misapprehend.
  • mis-koncept-ar (tr.) to misconceive.
  • mis-konoc-ar (tr.) to misunderstand (something perceptible to the senses), to mistake; (cf. konocar).
  • mis-kont-ar (tr.) to miscount.
  • mis-nom-ar, -izar to misname, give a wrong name to (cf. nom-ar).
  • mis-paf-ar (intr.) to miss fire.
  • mis-paz-o (lit. and fig.) false step, mis-step; blunder, slip; faux pas; -pazar: to make, take a false step, stumble (cf. ped-butar).
  • mispel-o (fruit) medlar; -iero: medlar tree (Mespilus). — DISL
  • mis-poz-ar (tr.) to put in the wrong place. V. exp.: vid. egarar.
  • mis-prezent-ar (tr.) to present wrongly, misrepresent. Ex.: Il misprezentis (od, mis-deskriptis) la stando di la afero, la fakti di la kazo.
  • mis-pronunc-ar (tr.) to mispronounce.
  • mis-rezon-o wrong reasoning, a fallacy.
  • «Miss» (title) miss.
  • mis-selekt-ar (tr.) to mischoose.
  • mis-send-ar (tr.) to missend (ulo); to misdirect (a letter, etc.).
  • mis-tax-ar (tr.) to mistax, wrongfully assess.
  • mistel-o (bot.) mistletoe (Viscum); -bero: berry of mistletoe. — DE
  • misteri-o (also antiq., eccl.) mystery; -ala: relating to mysteries; -oza, -atra: mysterious. — DEFIRS
  • mistifik-ar (tr.) to hoax, mystify: mischievously deceive someone in sport; -o: hoax, mystify (for sport); (cf. perplex-igar, konfuz-igar). — DEFIR
  • mistik-a, -o mystic; -eso, -ismo: mysticism. — DEFIRS
  • mis-traduk-ar (tr.) to mistranslate, to translate wrongly.
  • mis-uz-ar (tr.) to misuse, make bad use of, waste.
  • mit-o myth. — DEFIRS
  • mi-tambur-o tambourine. V. exp.: Pro ke tamburo (ed anke tamburino) havas du feli, esas naturala indikar per ‘mitamburo’ la instrumento, qua havas un felo.
  • miten-o mitten; mi- -o: a mitten which leaves the fingers bare. Def.: Ganto en qua nur la grosa fingro esas separita e la qua ceteri unionita. — EFS
  • mitologi-o mythology; -isto: mythologist. — DEFIRS
  • mitr-o (eccl.) miter (mitre). — DEFIRS
  • mitrali-o grape-shot, canister, shrapnel; -agar, -o-pafar: (tr.) to fire grapeshot, shrapnel at or on. — EFIS
  • mitralios-o machine-gun; (ancient) mitrailleuse. — DEFR
  • mix-ar (tr.) to mix, mingle, blend (ulo kun ulo); inter- -ar: to intermix (uli); -ar su: to intervene in, meddle; -ar karti: shuffle cards; -o, -uro: mixture, blend, medly; -ajo: miscellanea, miscellany; -o-linea: (geom.) mixtilineal; -ach-eso: promiscuousness. Ex.: Mixar l’aquo kun la vino. Mixar (E. blend) kolori. Mixar diversa flori en buketo. Mixar su en l’aferi di altru. Me mixas klor-acido kun nitrat-acido (e me intermixas la du acido). — EFI
  • mizantrop-o misanthrope: hater of mankind. — DEFIS
  • mizer-ar (intr.) to be in misery (because of poverty, destitution, or unhappiness or pain); -o: misery, wretchedness, want, sore need, distress. — DEFIRS
  • mizerikordi-o mercy, mercifulness; -oza, -ema: merciful, compassionate, clement; sen- -a: unmerciful. Def.: Kompato (di Deo) qua pardonas a pekanto. Ex. Deala mizerikordio. Klamar mizerikordio ad ulu. Ta homo esas senmizerikordia. — FIS
  • Mizi-a Mysia.
  • mnemonik-o mnemonics: art or system for developing the memory. — DEFIRS
  • mobiliz-ar (tr., milit.) to mobilize (troops). — DEFIRS
  • mobl-o a piece of furniture: any movable object serviceable or use or decoration of an apartment; -aro: (set, collection) furniture; -izar: to furnish (a house, room, etc. with furniture); -iz-ita-domo, chambro, lojeyo: furnished house, room, lodging; -ifar: to make furniture. — DFIRS
  • mod-o mode: a passing usage which depends upon taste, caprice; fashion, style; (gram.) mood (indicative, imperative, etc.); (philos., mus.) mode; (jur.) modus; -ala: (log.) modal; -al-eso: (log.) modality; segun la modo, segun-moda: according to the mode, in the fashion, fashionable; vestizar ulu segun la modo; to dress someone in the fashion: -o anciena: old fashion. — DEFIRS
  • model-o model (of a machine, etc.): copy or standard to be followed; -atra: standard, exemplary; Solomon konstruktis la templo segun la modelo di la tabernaklo: Solomon built the temple according to the model of the tabernacle; el posturas kom modelo por skultisto: she acts as a model for a sculptor; -o skribita: a written copy; ilua vivo esas modelo di vertuo: his life is a pattern of virtue; (cf. shablono, imit-ajo, mod-uro, -ajo). — DEFIRS
  • modem-o modem. — DEFIRS
  • moder-ar (tr.) to moderate: keep within bonds (passions, zeal, ardour, etc.); to abate (a price), reduce (one’s expenses); mitigate (a sentence); -ema: temperate; -ilo: governor, regulator (of speed); -e: moderately; sen-moder-eso: immoderation. Ant.: acelerar, augmentar. — DEFIS
  • modern-a modern; -igar: to modernize. — DEFIS
  • modest-a modest: not bold or presumptuous; not boastful or obtrusive; (N.B. ‘modest’ in the sense of observing sex proprieties is translated by pudor-oza, chasta, dec-anta). V. exp.: vid. diskreta. Ant.: Superba, pretend-ema, arog-ema, vanitat-oza, fatua. — EFIS
  • modifik-ar (tr.) to modify: make partial changes in (cf. chanjar); -ivo: (gram.) a modifying or qualifying word. Ex.: Modifikar lego, frazo, puniso. — DEFIRS
  • modilion-o (arch.) modillion. — DEFIS
  • modl-ar (tr., sculpt.) to make a model (in clay, wax) of something from which a statue or other work is to be executed or enlarged. — DEFIRS
  • modul-o (arch.) module; (math.) modulus. — DEFIRS
  • modulac-ar (tr.) to modulate: pass from one key to another without break in melody; to inflect, vary ( the voice in speaking). — DEFIRS
  • mofet-o skunk. — FIS
  • «mogul» (oriental title) mogul.
  • Mohamed-ana, -ano Mahometan, Mohammedan, Musselman; -an-ismo: Mahometanism, Islamism. — DEFIRS
  • moher-o (fabric) mohair. — DEF
  • mok-ar to laugh at: ridicule, deride, mock, rally, gibe, scoff; -etar: to banter, chaff; -(ad)o: mockery, derision, jeer; -o-klamo: hue and cry. — DEFR
  • mokasin-o moccasin: an Indian shoe. — DEFRS
  • mol-a soft: easily yielding to pressure, not hard; (cf. dolca); (of muscles) flabby (cf. laxa); (of meat) tender; (of fruits) mellow; -acha: flimsy, flabby; -igar: to soften; (fig.) to mollify; -ig-iva: emollient; ovi mole koqu-ita: soft-cooked eggs. Ant.: harda. — FI
  • molar-a (dento) molar, grinder (tooth). — DEFIS
  • mold-ar (intr.) to turn, grow mouldy. — DE
  • Moldavi-a Moldavia; -ano: Moldavian.
  • molekul-o molecule. — DEFIRS
  • moleskin-o (fabric) moleskin. — DEFI
  • molest-ar (tr.) to molest, pester, annoy, bother. V. exp.: Molestar signifikas volata tedado per tormenteti o persekuteti. La vorto bone tradukas la F. brimer (E. to play jokes on), qua esas molestado impozita kom probo a la novici en armeo, lerneyo. Anke on povas dicar: ‘la dogano esas konstanta molestado por la voyajanti’. — DEFIS
  • moli-o mole, jetty (used as a harbor (harbour) breakwater). — DEFIRS
  • molibd-o (chem.) molybdenum. — DEFIRS
  • molos-o a species of watch-dog (Canis familiaris molossus); (pros.) Molosian metre.
  • molton-o (fabric) molleton: swanskin, canton flannel. — DEFIS
  • molusk-o mollusk. — DEFIRS
  • moment-o momentum. — DEFIS
  • monad-o (philos., zool.) monad. — DEFIS
  • Monak-o Monaco; -ano: (man) of Monaco.
  • monak-o monk, friar, nun; -ino: nun; -ulo: monk, friar; -ala, -atra: monastic, monachal, monkish; -eso: (condition, state) monasticism, monkhood; -ismo: (system, doctrine) monasticism; -eyo: monastery, convent. — DEFIRS
  • monark-o monarch; -ala: monarchal: relating to monarchs. — DEFIRS
  • monarki-o monarchy; -ala: monarchal: relating to monarchies; (cf. monark-ala). — DEFIRS
  • monat-o month; -salario: month;s pay; omna-monat-e, -a: every month, monthly; ca-monate: (during, in) this month; po monato, singla monate: by the month, so much a month; mi- -a: half-monthly, twice a month. — DE
  • mond-o (general sense) the world (cf. tero); -umo: the world: society, people; -umo eleganta, alta: world of fashion, smart set, high-life; -ala: mundane; -um-ema: worldly-minded; -um-ala: relating to society; relating to good manners; -um-ajo: a worldly thing, vanity; -um-an-ulo: man of the world; um-an-eso: worldliness. — EFIS
  • moner-o (zool.) moner(on). — DEFIS
  • monet-o (of gold, silver, copper) coin, cash, change, specie; (fig.) currency; (cf. pekunio); -o-peco: a coin; -papero: paper money: which takes the place of coin (cf. bankobilieto); -ala: monetary; -igar: to monetize: put into circulation, give a standard value to in currency; -ifar: to coin, mint into money; to raise money; -if-isto: coiner; -if-eyo, -erio: mint; -uyo: a purse. — EFIRS
  • Mongoli-a Mongolia.
  • monism-o (philos.) monism. — DEFIRS
  • monist-o monist. — DEFIRS
  • monitor-o (nav.) monitor. — DEFIRS
  • mono- mono-. Def.: Prefixo ciencala = un.
  • monodrom-a (math.) monodromic. — EFIS
  • monofiletik-a (bot.) monophyletic. — DEFIS
  • monoftong-o (gram.) monophthong: a single vowel sound; a combination of two vowels pronounced as one. — DEFIS
  • monogam-a monogamic; -(ul)o: monogamist. — DEFIRS
  • monogen-a (math.) monogenic, monogenetic. — DEFIS
  • monografi-o monograph. — DEFIRS
  • monogram-o monogram. — DEFIRS
  • monoik-a (bot.) monoecious.
  • monokl-o monocle, single eye-glass. Def.: Unika aparta okulvitro. — DEFIRS
  • monoklin-a (bot.) monoclinous; (cryst.) monoclinic.
  • mono-kord-o (mus. and acous.) mono-chord. — DEFIRS
  • mono-kotiledon-a, -o (bot.) monocotyledon(ous). — DEFIS
  • monokrom-a monochrome; -ajo: (paint) monochrome picture; camaieu. Def.: (monokrom-ajo) Pikturo per un sola koloro, plu o min klara. — DEFIS
  • monolit-a, -o monolith(ic). — DEFIRS
  • monolog-o monologue, soliloquy. — DEFIRS
  • monomani-o (med.) monomania: insanity upon one particular subject (cf. manio); -ika, -iko: monomaniac(al). — DEFIRS
  • monomi-o, -ala (alg.) monomial. — DEFIS
  • monopol-o monopoly; -igar: to monopolize; -emo, -ig-anto, -ero, -isto: monopolist. — DEFIRS
  • mono-silab-a monosyllabic. — DEFIRS
  • mono-sperm-a (bot.) monospermous. — DEFIS
  • monoteism-o monotheism. — DEFIRS
  • monoteist-o monotheist. — DEFIRS
  • monoton-a monotonous; -eso: monotony. — DEFIRS
  • monotrop-o (math.) monotropa. — DEFIS
  • monstr-o (pr. and fig.) monster; -a, -ala, -atra: monstrous, enormous; -ajo: (object or act) monstrosity. — DEFIRS
  • mont-o mount, mountain; -eto: hill, hillock, knoll; -aro, -o-kateno: mountain range; -oza: mountainous; -et-oza: hilly; -o Etna: Mt. Etna; Venus-monto: (anat.) mons veneris; -o-pinto: mountain peak (the point); (cf. ad-monte). — EFIS
  • montant-o upright: piece of any framework, wood or iron; stanchion, beam, post, side-piece (of a ladder). — FIS
  • Montenegr-o Montenegro; -ano: Montenegrin.
  • montr-ar (tr.) to show, exhibit: make to see or know; -inda: worthy of showing, presentable; -isto: showman; -ar rara libro: to show a rare book; -ez a me ta homulo: show me that man; -ar kurajo: to show courage; (cf. manifestar, expozar, indikar, prizentar, aparar). — FIS
  • monument-o monument. — DEFIRS
  • mops-o pug-dog. — DRS
  • moquet-o moquette: a kind of velvet carpeting; Wilton carpeting. — DEFIS
  • mor-i manners, habits, conduct considered from the moral point of view; (cf. etiko); bona -i: good morals, habits or customs; -ala: habitual, customary: relating to mori (N.B. not conforming to the rules of right conduct, righteousness. A moral man = etikala homulo); moral-isto: one who studies the ‘mori’. Def.: Kustumi (di persono o lando), natural od aquirita, relate lia boneso o maledeso por la konduto di vivo. — FL
  • Moravi-a Moravia; -ano: Moravian.
  • morb-o disease, malady, distemper: the illness itself; (for state, condition, ill person, cf. malad-a, -eso); -oza: diseased; -ala: morbid: relating to the disease; -if-anta, -iva: morbific, pathogenic. Ex.: Kancero esas un de la maxim danjeroza morbi; Morbala simtomi. V .exp.: Me audas, ke Sro. X. esas malada (E. sick, ill). Yes, il havas la morbo (E. disease) di Bright. Nuntempe esas multe maladeso (E. sickness) en nia urbo. — EFISL
  • morbil-o (med.) measles. — IL
  • mord-ar (tr.) to bite (cf. rodar); -etar: to nibble; -anta, -ema: biting; (fig.) mordant, caustic, sarcastic, poignant. — EFIS
  • morel-o (bot.) morel: an edible fungus (Morchella esclenta). — DE
  • moren-o (geol.) moraine. — DEF
  • morfem-o morpheme. — DEFIRS
  • morfin-o morphia, morphine, — DEFIRS
  • morfogen-a (biol.) morphogenic. — DEFIS
  • morfogenez-o (biol.) morphogenesis. — DEFIS
  • morfologi-o morphology. — DEFIRS
  • morfos-o (biol.) morphosis. — DEFIS
  • morg-e tomorrow, (la) morga dio, morgo: the next day, day after; -e matine: tomorrow morning; pos-morge: (day) after tomorrow; til morge: until tomorrow; sep dii pos morge: a week from tomorrow. Ex.: li lektos la libro morge. Se me ne venos morge, takaze me venos posmorge. — DE
  • morganatik-a morganatic. — DEFIRS
  • morili-o andiron, fire-dog. — S
  • mors-o bit (of a bridle); (fig.) curb, check, restraint. — FI
  • mort-ar (intr., lit. and fig.) to die, cease to live, depart this life; (of fire) to go out; (of movement) to come to an end; -igar: to deprive of life; cause to die, kill, execute, put to death (by natural or artificial means); (cf. ocidar, asasinar, sen-kap-igar, masakrar); -eskar: to be dying, be on the point of death; -o: death, decease; -ado: mortality; -anto, -onto: dying person, moribund person; -inta: dead, defunct; Mortinta Maro: the Dead Sea; -o-punto: point of death; -o-puniso: death penalty; -ala: death; -iva: mortal: subject to death; -iv-eso: liability to death; -ig-ive malada: mortally sick; -igo: killing, execution; -ig-isto: executioner; -ig-anta, -iva: mortal, deadly: which causes death (as a disease, wound); stone -inta: stone dead; naske- -inta: born dead stillborn; -ar natur-ale: to die a natural death; -ale vund-ita: mortally wounded; -ig-ive -ala pal-eso: deathly pallor; esar (balde) mort-onta: to be at the point of death, at death’s door; -ar ye la mond-umo; to be dead to the world; -int-ala domo: mortuary; depoz-, expoz-eyo di mort-inti: morgue. — DEFIS
  • mortadel-o Bologna sausage. — DFIS
  • morter-o mortar: a building cement. — DFIS
  • mortez-o (carp.) mortise; -izar: to cut a mortise in. — EFS
  • mortifik-ar (tr., rel. and fig.) to subdue the passions and appetites by severe discipline; (N.B. for sense of ‘to humiliate’, cf. sham-igar, vexar). — EFIRS
  • moru-o (ich.) cod (-fish) (Gadus morrhua); sika -o: stockfish; dried (unsalted) cod; sika sal-moruo: dried salted cod; oleo ek moru-hepato: cod-liver oil. — FL
  • morus-o (bot.) mulberry; -iero: mulberry tree (genus: Morus). — SL
  • morv-o (vet.) glanders. — FS
  • mos-o cabin-boy, sea-apprentice, ship-boy. — FI
  • mosk-o (scent) musk; -iz-ita: m. scented; -anado: m. duck; (Anas moschata); -o-cervo: m. deer (Moschus moschiferus); -o-bovo: m. ox (Ovibus moschatus); -o-musareno: m. shrew, sondeli (Myogale moschata); -o-rato: m. rat (Fiber zibethicus); -o-skarabeo: m. beetle (Ceromby moschatus). — DEFIR
  • moske-o mosque. — DEFIRS
  • moskit-o (ent.) mosquito; para- -o: mosquito net. — DEFRS
  • moskovi-o (chem.) moscovium.
  • most-o must: unfermented grape-juice. — DEFIS
  • mot-o motto (of a book, a chapter). — DEIR
  • motacil-o (orni.) wagtail (Motacilla). — L
  • motet-o (mus.) motet. — DEFIRS
  • motif-o motif. — DEFIS
  • motiv-o motive, reason: that which excites to action, determines choice; -izar: to state the motive or grounds of (an opinion, act); (fig.) to justify; plendo- -o: reason for complaint, grievance; sen- -a: gratuitous: without proof or motive (cf. gratuita); sen- -a supozajo: gratuitous supposition; il motivizis sua refuzo: he stated the grounds for his refusal. — DEFIRS
  • motor-o (mechanical) motor: moving power, that which imparts motion; -veturo: motor vehicle; gazolin- -o: gasoline motor. — DEFIRS
  • mov-ar (tr., intr.) to move, set in motion, stir, propel; -(ad)o: movement, motion; -anta: moving; -iva: motive, propelling, driving; -ebla: movable; -ebl-eso: mobility; -o-povo: moving power, propelling force; -o altern-anta: alternating movement; ne- -ebla: immovable. — EFIS
  • moviment-o (mus.) tempo, movement, time.
  • moyen-o means, medium (through which a thing is done); instrumentality; -i: (material) means, resources; (math.) means; -acho: (poor) expedient; -i legitima: legitimate means; per la -o: by means (of); kontributar segun sua -i: contribute according to one’s means; vivo- -i: means of subsistence or existence; trovar la -o facar ulo: to find the means to do something. — F
  • mozaik-o mosaic (work). — DEFIRS
  • Mozambik Mozambique.
  • mu-ar (intr.) to moult, mew; shed or cast off hair (if dogs), feathers (of birds), horns (of deer), outer layer of skin (of serpents), and the like which are replaced by new growth; to break, change (voice at puberty); voco-muo: change of voice. Def.: Chanjar pelo, pili, plumi, ye determinita tempi o periodi. — EFIS
  • muar-o moire: a watered fabric, as watered silk. — DEFIRS
  • mucilaj-o (bot.) (plant-) mucilage; (N.B. for the adhesive substance, cf. gluo). Def.: Humoro vikoza qua trovesas en ula planti;. — EFIS
  • muel-ar (tr.) to grind, crush (in a mill); (cf. grindar); -eyo, -erio: mill; -disko, -petro: millstone; -isto: miller. — FIRS
  • muev-o (orni.) gull, sea-gull (genus: Larus). — DF
  • muf-o muff (for hands); (tech.) casing, box. — DER
  • mufl-o (chem.) muffle. Def.: Speco di vazo (ek argilo) en qua on pozas objekti submisenda nedirete a l’efiko di la fairo. — DEFIS
  • muflon-o (zool.) mouflon; species of wild sheep (Ovis Musimon). — DEFIS
  • «mufti» mufti: Mohammedan official.
  • muj-ar (intr.) to bellow, roar (winds, waves, thunder, cannon); (cf. bramar). — FIS
  • muk-o mucus; -ozo: mucus membrane (cf. pituito, mucilajo). Def.: Humoro normale sekretaca da la membrani dicata mukozi. — EFIS
  • mul-o, -ino, -ulo mule; -(dukt)isto: muleteer. — EFIRS
  • mulat-o, -ulo, -ino mulatto; (cf. mestico, hibrido). Def.: Genetito da blankulo e negrino (o negro e blankino). — DEFIRS
  • muld-ar (tr.) to form a mold (mould) of, as in sand, in which to make a casting; (fig.) -ar su: to mold, model oneself. V. exp.: En giserio, on unesme muldas: to esas ago donar justa formo ad la sablo o l’argilo en qua on varsos la fuzita metalo. Po la muldo on uzas la muld-ilo ek ligno, fero, e.c. Duesme on gisas la fuzita metalo en la mulduro. — EFIS
  • mulier-o woman (adult); (cf. viro, homino). — DEFL
  • mult-a (quantifying adjective) many, numerous; (of quantity) much; -o: a lot, a large quantity; -i: many (in number); -a homuli: many men; -a vino: much wine; -eso, -opl-eso: multiplicity; -opl-a, -o: manifold, multiple; (plu-) -igar: to multiply: make more numerous (for math. sense, cf. multiplikar); -igo: multiplication; -eskar: to become more numerous; -a-tempe: many a time; -a-forma: multiform; -a-flora: multiflorous: many-flowered; -e plu bone: much better, a great deal better; -a-sorta, -speca: many kinds of, many species of; -a-kolora: multi-colo(u)red, many colored; plu o min multe: more or less. Ant. Poka. — EFIR
  • multiform-a (math.) multiform. — DEFIS
  • multiplik-ar (tr., arith.) to multiply; -endo: multiplicand. — DEFIS
  • multipol-a (math.) multipolar.
  • mulur-o (arch.) moulding; (cf. kornico). — FS
  • mumi-o mummy; -igar: to mummify. — DEFIRS
  • mung-ar (su) to blow one’s nose, to wipe one’s nose. — L
  • municion-o, -i ammunition, munition (of war); -furgono: caisson. — DEFIRS
  • municip-o municipality; -estro: mayor (of a city); (cf. urb-estro). — DEFIRS
  • munt-ar (tr., tech.) to put together, assemble, set up, mount (a machine, a gem). V. exp.: On asemblas planki o peci, on ne muntas li. On muntas mashino o karpenturo, asemblante lua peci. — DEFIRS
  • mur-o wall; -ego: thick or large wall (as of a city, a fort); -ala: mural; -izar, -klozar: to wall up, immure; -armoro: cupboard (in a wall); -papero: wallpaper. — EFIS
  • muren-o (ich.) muraena, moray (Muraena helena). — EFIS
  • murmur-ar (intr.) to murmur: make a low, continued noise; (of water) to purl; (of wind) to breathe, whisper, rustle; (of bees) to hum; -(ach)ar: (tr.) to mumble, mutter: utter indistinctly; (N.B. for sense of ‘to whisper’ cf. susurar). — DEFIS
  • mus-o mouse; -ea, -griza: m. colo(u)red, m. gray (grey) (colored); -truo: m. hole; -eyo: m. nest; -kapt-ilo: m. trap. — DERL
  • musaren-o (zool.) shrew-mouse (genus: Sorex). — FI
  • mush-o (ent.) fly; -eto: small fly, midge; -kapt-ilo: f. catcher; para- -o: f. screen; -snaper-o*: (orni.) flycatcher (Muscicapa). — FIRS
  • musk-o (bot.) moss; -oza: mossy, moss-grown. — FI
  • muskad-o nutmeg; -iero: nutmeg tree (Myristica fragrans). — DFIRS
  • muskat-o muscat grape; -vino: muscatel (wine). — DEFIRS
  • musket-o matchlock (musket); -iero: musketeer, mousquetaire. — DEFIRS
  • musketon-o musketoon: an ancient musket.
  • muskul-o (anat.) muscle; -ala: muscular (system, etc.); -oza: muscular: brawny; -aro: musculature; -eso: muscularity. — DEFIRS
  • musl-o common (or, edible) mussel (Mytilus edulis): (cf. molusko). — DEF
  • muslin-o (fabric) muslin. — DEFIRS
  • muson-o monsoon. Def.: Vento qua suflas de esto a westo dum duimo di l’yaro, ed inverse dum l’altra duimo. — DEFIRS
  • must-ar (intr.) must, to have to, to be under the nesessity of, be obliged; (past tense) had to; me mustas ridar, vidante ta spektaklo: I had to laugh, seeing that spectacle (i.e., I could not do otherwise). V. exp.: Mustar expresas neceseso absoluta (sen-kondiciona) e nerezistebla; kp. darfar, oportar. Ex.: Sur ta glitiganta planko-sulo, me mustis falar. Quante richa il mustas esar. Me mustas facar equivalas: esas necesa ke me facez. Quon on mustas facar por enirar en la cielo? Il ne povas venar kun me, il mustas laborar. — DE
  • mustard-o (condiment) mustard; -uyo: mustard pot. — DEFIRS
  • mut-a, -o dumb, mute: destitute of the power of speech (cf. tac-anta); -ega, stone-muta: stone dumb. — EFIS
  • mutac-o (biol.) mutation. — DEFIS
  • mutac-ar to mutate. — DEFIRS
  • mutil-ar (tr.) to mutilate, maim. Ex.: Mutilar membro di la korpo. (fig.) Mutilar la verseso, la poemo. — EFIS
  • muton-o a sheep; -i: sheep; (fig.) small, compact masses of white fleecy clouds (which move across the sky like a flock of sheep); -ino: ewe; -ulo: ram; -karno: mutton; -atra: sheep-like; woolly, fleecy; -eyo, -stablo: sheep-fold; -felo: sheepskin; -shultro: shoulder of mutton; pastoro di -i: shepherd. — EFI
  • mutual-a mutual. Ex.: Societo di mutual sokurso (E. benefit society). Mutuala asekurerio. V. exp.: Mutuala, reciproka: Mutuala aplikesas nur a la sociala institucuri di ‘reciproka’ helpo, sokurso, e.c. — DEFIS
  • muz-o (myth., also fig.) Muse. — DEFIRS
  • muze-o museum, — DEFIRS
  • muzel-o (anat.) snout, muzzle (of animals); (fig.) pout, pouting; facar -o: to pout, stick out the lips; -ligar: to muzzle; -lig-ilo: a muzzle; -floro: (bot.) snapdragon (Antirrhinum). Def.: La nazo e la boko di bestii, en qui ta du parti esas salienta (hundo, porko, e.c.). — EFI
  • muzik-ar (intr.) to play music; -igar: to set to m.; -ajo: written music, score; -ala: musical, relating to m.; -ema: musical: fond of playing m.; -am-anta: m. loving; -isto, -ero: musician. — DEFIRS
  • muzikologi-o musicology. — DEFIRS
  • myel-o spinal-marrow, -cord. — G
  • myelin-o (anat.) myelin. — DEF
  • myelit-o (med.) myelitis: inflammation of spinal cord. — DEFIS
  • «mylord» my lord. — DE


N

  • nab-o nave; hub of a wheel
  • Nabate-a Nabatæan.
  • nabet-o (bot.) rape (Brassica rapa oleifera); -oleo: rape oil. — FS
  • nabob-o nabob. Def.: Princo di India; metafore, richega viro. — DEFIRS
  • nacion-o nation; -ala: national; -ano: a native, national; member of a nation; -al-igar: to nationalize (an industry, etc.); -an-igar: to naturalize (cf. civit-an-igar); -al-ismo: devotion to or advocacy of a nation; national interest or unity; -eso: nationality (of a nation as a whole); -al-eso, -an-eso: nationality (of an individual); -al-ista, -isto: nationalist(ic). — DEFIRS
  • nadir-o (astron.) nadir. — DEFIRS
  • naft-o naptha. — DEFIRS
  • naftalin-o napthaline. — DEFIRS
  • naiv-a naïve: unaffectedly simple: ingenuous; artless; -ajo: act of native simplicity; -acha: silly. — DEFR
  • nakarat-a, -o nacarat: orange-red colo(u)r. — DEFS
  • naktigal-o (orni.) nightingale (genus: Luscinia). — DE
  • nam (conj.) for (= because, but in a less immediate and explicit way than pro ke. Introduces a sentence or subordinate clause which adduces reason, proof or justification). Esas matino, nam la uceli kantas: it is morning for (not because: pro ke) the birds are singing. Ex.: Vu ne trovos il en la domo, nam me jus vidis il en la strado. Vu ne povas vidar il, nam il esas departinta de longe. Lavez vua manui, nam li esas sordida. Me ne povas amar ilu, nam il odias me. Ni irez lente adheme, nam balde esos nokto. V. exp.: Nam, pro ke: Pro ke introduktas dependanta propoziciono, qua kontenas motivo o pruvo por la chefa propoziciono prieranta o sequanta: nam introduktas chefa frazo, qua kontenas anke motivo o pruvo, ma nur por preiranta frazo, o tacita penso. Ex.: Pro ke pluvas, me ne ekiros. Me ne ekiros nam pluvas; cf. or. Ta du konjuncioni interdistingesas precize quale Angla for e because. La Angla linguisto Sweet skribas pri li tale: ‘La du precipua konjuncioni kauzala esas pro ke, qua konstatas nemediata e direte aganta kauzo, e nam, qua ajuntas expliko o motivo, ofte kom quaza posa penso; ex.: ni kunprenis nia parapluvi, pro ke ni timas ke pluvos; nam la barametro falis de kelka tempo. Konseque, nam uzesas libere pos pauzo ed esas do nur mi-konjunciono (konjunciono koordinanta). — L
  • Namibi-a Namibia. — DEFIRS
  • nan-o dwarf. — FIS
  • nankin-o (fabric) nankeen, nankin. — DEFIR
  • nano- nano- (thousand millionth part) — DEFIRS
  • nap-o turnip (Brassica Napus esculenta). — FIS
  • narac-ar (tr.) to narrate, relate, tell (something that happened, a true incident); -ar sua historio: to tell one’s history; -o pri batalio*: narrative of (or, about) a battle. V. exp.: Naracar ne esas samsenca kam rakontar; naraco esas prefere historiala, do vera; rakonto esas prefere imaginala, do desvera o fingita; ex.: ‘il naracis lua historio, qua semblas feala rakonto’. — EFIS
  • narcis-o (bot.) narcissus, daffodil; (genus: Narcissus); (cf. jonquilo). — DEFIRS
  • nard-o (bot.) spikenard (East Indian: Nardostachys Jatamansi); -o-unguento: nard (ointment). — DEFIS
  • narkot-ar (intr.) to be in a state of narcosis; -o: narcosis; -igar: to narcotize; -ig-iva, -ivo: narcotic. — DEFIS
  • narval-o narwhal (Monodon monoceros). — DEFIS
  • nas-o bownet, eel-trap (for fish); hoopnet (for birds). — FS
  • nask-ar (intr.) to be born; -o, -epoko: birth, nativity; -ala: natal; -igar: to give birth to (cf. genitar); -e blinda: blind from birth; -anta: nascent; -ala yuro (od, naskoyuro): birthright; -inta nove: new-born (child, etc.); -into un-esma: first-born child (cf. seniora); -e poeto: a poet by birth, a born poet; -o-lando: land of birth, fatherland (cf. patrio); -o-loko: birthplace; en-nask-into: a native; kun-nask-inta: congenital. — IS
  • nat-ar (intr.) to swim (of living beings); -erio: natatorium. — EFIS
  • Natal Natal.
  • natr-o (chem.) sodium; -o-kloro: chloride of sodium.
  • natur-o (all senses) nature; -ala: (also mus.) natural; -ale: naturally; -ala lego: natural law; -al-ismo: (philos., art) naturalism; -al-isto: (philos., art) naturalist; -cienc-isto: naturalist: one versed in natural history; -kolora: (of wood, etc.) not colored, of natural colo(u)r. — DEFIRS
  • naufraj-ar (intr.) to be shipwrecked; -o: (ship)wreck; -anto, -into: shipwrecked person, castaway. — FIS
  • nautil-o (zool.) nautilus. — DEFIS
  • nauze-ar (intr.) to feel nauseated, be sick to the stomach, be qualmish; -(ad)o: nausea, qualm, retching; -igar: to nauseate (cf. insipid-igar, repugnar, vomar); -ig-anta: nauseous; (fig.) loathsome, disgusting. — EFIS
  • nav-o (nav.) vessel: (merchant-) ship (cf. milit-navo); nave (of a church); -aro: shipping (collect.), fleet; -eto: (fig. eccl.) incense-box; (weaver’s) shuttle; -ala: nautical; -ano: member of a ship’s company; -ero, -isto: seaman, mariner, sailor; -estro: master of a (merchant-) ship; -o tri-ferdeka: a three decker (ship); komerc-navo, var-navo: merchant-man; vapor- -o: steamer; me iris nave (de Hamburg ad Bordeaux): I went by ship (from H. to B.); la kapitano restis en-nave: the captain (of a warship) remained on board; -atra osto: scaphoid bone (cf. tarso); -oida osto: scaphoid bone (of carpal bones). — EFIRS
  • Navar-a Navarre.
  • navig-ar (tr., intr.) to navigate, sail (on); -arto: (art of) navigation, seamanship; -anta viro: seafaring man; -ala: nautical: relating to navigation; -ebla: navigable; fora- -ado: foreign trade; rivo- -o: coasting;. — DEFIRS
  • nayad-o (myth.) naiad, water-nymph. — DEFIRS
  • naz-o nose; -ala: nasal; -alo: (gram.) a nasal (sound, letter); -al-igar: (gram.) to nasalize; -fetida: a stinking nose; (med.) affected with ozaena; -guto: a nose-drop, snot, snivel; -kataro: cold in the head; -peco: nose-piece (serving as protection); -parolar: to speak through the nose; -truo: nostril; (of whales) blow-hole; -tuko: handkerchief; -binoklo: nose glasses; facar longa nazo (ad, kontre) (fig.) to laugh at; -o kontre -o: nose to nose (fig.) face to face. — DEFIRS
  • ne (adv.) not; ne plus: no more; ne multo: not much; tote ne: not at all, by no means, not in the least; ne tam multe: not so much; me anke ne: nor I also; ne for: not far from; ne nur: not only; ne tante stupida: not so stupid; ne male: not badly; ne ja: not yet. Note: As distinguishable from des- in word composition, ne- carries a less forceful sense of negation, implying merely absence of the positive quality rather than the absolute negation; ex.: ne-facila: difficult = not easy; des-facila: difficult = arduous, laborious. — DEFIRS
  • ne-acent-iz-ita unaccented.
  • ne-acept-ebla unacceptable.
  • ne-aces-ebla (of persons, places) unapproachable, inaccessible.
  • ne-admis-ebla inadmissible.
  • ne-ago, -agemeso inactivity; -ag-anta: inactive; -ag-ema: (tendency) inactive; indolent, lazy.
  • ne-aktiv-a inactive.
  • ne-akurat-a unpunctual, not prompt.
  • ne-alien-ebla inalienable.
  • ne-alter-ebla unalterable: unmodified; unadulterated.
  • ne-amans-ita untamed.
  • ne-aplik-ebla inapplicable.
  • ne-aprob-ar (tr.) to disapprove: not to approve (ulo).
  • ne-apt-a inapt, unfit.
  • ne-atak-ebla unassailable; (fig.) unimpeachable, irreproachable.
  • ne-atenc-oza, -ema inattentive, unmindful.
  • ne-aud-ita unheard (of).
  • ne-blam-ebla blameless.
  • nebul-ar (impers.) to be foggy, misty, hazy; -oza, -atra: foggy, misty, nebulous (cf. nebuloza); (fig.) obscure, not intelligible; -izar: to cover with fog; -pluvar: to drizzle. — DEFIS
  • nebulos-o (astron.) nebula.
  • ne-cert-a uncertain.
  • neces-a necessary, indispensable requisite (cf. bezon-ata); -ajo: a necessary thing, the needful; -igar: necessitate. Ex.: Esas necesa konsequajo. Respirado esas necesa por la vivo. Ne esas necesa parolar pri to. Ant.: superflua, ne-utila. — EFIS
  • ne-ces-anta incessant (cf. sen-cesa).
  • ne-chanj-ebl-a unchangeable, unalterable, immutable.
  • ne-chast-a unchaste, lewd, immodest.
  • ne-cirkonciz-ita, -ito uncircumsized (person).
  • ne-civiliz-ita uncivilized.
  • ne-dechifr-ebla undecipherable.
  • ne-decid-ema, -iva irresolute, indecisive; -ita: undecided (of acts).
  • ne-defens-ebla indefensible, untenable.
  • ne-defin-ita undefined, indefinite.
  • ne-delikat-a indelicate.
  • ne-depend-o independence.
  • Nederland-o Netherlands; -ano: Dutch.
  • ne-deskript-ebla indescribable.
  • ne-destrukt-ebla indestructible.
  • ne-determin-ebla indeterminable.
  • ne-devoc-oza undevout, irreligious.
  • ne-dic-ebla unutterable, unspeakable.
  • ne-digest-ebla indigestible.
  • ne-diret-a indirect (cf. mediata).
  • ne-diskret-a indiscreet; -eso, -ajo: (quality, act) indiscretion.
  • ne-dispon-ebla indisposable, unavailable.
  • ne-disting-ita indistinct (voice, etc.); -ebla: undistinguishable; -ante, -ite: indifferently (without distinction).
  • ne-divid-ita undivided; -ebla: indivisible.
  • ne-docil-a intractable.
  • ne-domt-ebla indomitable, untamable, ungovernable.
  • ne-dorm-ado, -iveso sleeplessness, wakefulness, insomnia.
  • ne-dubit-ebla indubitable.
  • ne-dur-anta, -iva not lasting, transient, transitory.
  • ne-edit-ita, -ajo unpublished (book, paper).
  • ne-efac-ebla indelible, ineffaceable.
  • ne-efik-anta, -iva inefficacious, ineffective, unavailing, inefficient.
  • ne-egal-a unequal, (cf. ne-para).
  • ne-ego (philos.) the non-ego, the external world.
  • ne-elekt-ebla (polit.) ineligible.
  • ne-equitat-oza inequitable.
  • ne-eror-iva infallible (church, etc.); not capable of erring (cf. infalibla, ne-fali-iva).
  • ne-esper-ebla, -ita unhoped for, unlooked for; (cf. ne-expekt-ata).
  • ne-etik-al-a, -ajo immoral (act.) ; -(ul)o: immoral person.
  • ne-evalu-ebla invaluable, inappreciable.
  • ne-evit-ebla inevitable, unavoidable.
  • ne-exakt-a (of objects) inaccurate, incorrect, inexact (calculation, news, etc.); -ajo: an inaccuracy.
  • ne-exekut-ebla impracticable, unfeasible; -ita: unexecuted.
  • ne-exerc-ita unexercised, unpractised, unexerted, undrilled.
  • ne-exhaust-ebla inexhaustible.
  • ne-exist-o non-existence.
  • ne-exkuz-ebla inexcusable, unwarrantable; (cf. ne-justifikebla, ne-pardonebla).
  • ne-expekt-ata, -ita unexpected, unthought of, unlooked for; (cf. ne-esper-ita).
  • ne-expert-a inexperienced, inexpert, unpractised.
  • ne-explik-ebla unexplainable, inexplicable, unaccountable, singular; -ita: unexplained.
  • ne-explor-ita unexplored, uninvestigated; -ebla: inscrutable, unfathomable.
  • ne-explot-ata, -ita (of mines, etc.) unexploited, unworked; (land) untilled, uncultivated.
  • ne-expres-ebla inexpressible, ineffable, unutterable.
  • ne-exting-ebla inextinguishable, unquenchable.
  • ne-extirp-ebla ineradicable.
  • ne-fac-ebla impracticable (cf. ne-exekut-ebla).
  • ne-facil-a difficult: not easy (cf. Note under ne).
  • ne-fali-iva unfailing, unerring, infallible (cf. ne-eror-iva, infalibla).
  • ne-fatig-ebla indefatigable, untiring, unwearied.
  • ne-fekund-a (of living beings) infertile, barren, sterile (cf. ne-fertila).
  • ne-ferma unstable, not solid; weak.
  • ne-fertila (of ground, inanimate things) infertile, barren (cf. ne-fekunda).
  • ne-fidel-a unfaithful, untrue, disloyal.
  • ne-fin-ita unended, unfinished, indefinite (without end); (cf. ne-defin-ita, infinita).
  • ne-fix-a movable.
  • ne-flex-ebla (phys., moral) inflexible; inexorable, unbending.
  • nefrit-o (med.) nephritis. — DEFIS
  • neg-ar (tr.) to deny: declare untrue or non-existing; (cf. renegar); -(ad)o: denial, denying, negation; -ilo: (gram.) a negative (word); -ala: negative: relation to negation; -anta, -iva: denying; expressing negation, negatory; -ebla: deniable; kad vu negas ke vu dicis to: do you deny that you said that? Ant.: afirmar. — DEFIS
  • ne-gast-ig-ema inhospitable.
  • negativ-a, -o (math., photog., elec.) negative. — DEFIRS
  • neglij-ar (tr.) to neglect: to treat carelessly, slight, be remiss (in the performance of a duty, task, care of health, peson, etc.); -o: negligence; -ado: (habitual) neglect; -eso: (state of) neglect; -anta, -ema: negligent, neglectful, remiss, careless; -ebla: negligible, trifling, unimportant. Ant.: sorgar. — EFIS
  • neglije-o negligee, undress, dishabille: unceremonious attire. — DEFI
  • negoci-ar (tr.) to negotiate: to procure, or arrange for, by negotiating. Ex.: Negociar ligo atakala e defensala; Negociado pri ula afero grava, pri mariajo. — EFIRS
  • negr-a -(ul)o: negro; -ino: negress; -acha: nigger; -o-vend-ado: slave trade; -o-vend-isto: slaver. Ant.: (negr-(ul)o), blank-(ul)o: — DEFIS
  • ne-graci-oza ungraceful.
  • ne-gratitud-o unfratitude, thanklessness; -oza: unthankful, ingrate.
  • ne-guvern-ebla ungovernable.
  • ne-habil-a unskilful, inept, awkward.
  • ne-habit-ata uninhabited.
  • ne-hom-ala inhuman: non-human (cf. ne-humana).
  • ne-honest-a dishonest, unfair, underhand, discreditable.
  • ne-human-a inhuman: cruel.
  • ne-imit-ebla inimitable.
  • ne-inteligent-a unintelligent, stupid.
  • ne-inter-rupt-ita uninterrupted.
  • ne-inter-veno non-intervention
  • ne-jur-inta, -into unsworn (person).
  • ne-just-a improper, wrong; (cf. ne-yusta).
  • ne-justifik-ebla unjustifiable, unwarrantable.
  • nek ... nek neither ... nor; me povas nek enirar nek ekirar: I can get neither in nor out; il drinkas nek biro nek vino: he drinks neither beer nor wine. — FIRS
  • ne-kapt-ebla uncapturable, impregnable, unseizable.
  • ne-kare-ebla indispensable.
  • ne-kombat-ebla indisputable.
  • ne-kombust-ebla incombustible.
  • ne-komod-a inconvenient.
  • ne-kompar-ebla incomparable: (fig.) matchless, unequalled, peerless.
  • ne-komplet-a incomplete.
  • ne-kompren-ebla incomprehensible, unintelligible.
  • ne-koncept-ebla inconceivable.
  • ne-konci-anta unconscious.
  • ne-koncili-ebla incompatible, irreconcilable.
  • ne-konquest-ebla impregnable.
  • ne-konsequ-o (log.) incoherence, inconsequence, inconsistency.
  • ne-konstant-a inconstant, fickle, unsteady, flighty, changeable (cf. vari-ema).
  • ne-konstituc-ala unconstitutional.
  • ne-kont-ebla countless, innumerable.
  • ne-kontent-a dissatisfied.
  • ne-korp-ala incorporeal.
  • ne-korupt-ebla (phys., mor.) incorruptible.
  • ne-kred-ebla incredible, past belief; -anto, -ero: unbeliever, infidel.
  • nekrobios-o (biol.) necrobiosis. — DEFIS
  • nekrolog-o necrology: obituary review of (distinguished) persons who have died within a certain length of time. — DEFIRS
  • nekromanci-o necromancy: pretended divination by aid of spirits; black art; (fig.) magic; -ar: to practise necromancy. — DEFIRS
  • nekropol-o necropolis, city of the dead, large cemetery. — DEFIS
  • nekros-o (med.) necrosis. — DEFIS
  • nektar-o (myth., bot., fig.) nectar. — DEFIRS
  • nektari-o (bot.) nectary.
  • nektarin-o nectarine. — DEFIRS
  • ne-kun-mezur-ebla incommensurable.
  • ne-kustum-ala uncustomed, uwonted (hono(u)r, etc.) unusual, unfamiliar (object); -anta: (of persons) unaccustomed.
  • ne-lacer-ebla untearable.
  • ne-laut-a low (voice), under one’s breath.
  • ne-leg-ala illegal, unlawful.
  • ne-lekt-ebla unreadable, illegible.
  • ne-lez-ita unhurt, uninjured.
  • ne-logik-ala illogical.
  • ne-manj-ebla uneatable.
  • nematod-o nematode. — DEFIRS
  • ne-mediat-a immediate: proximate; direct (without intervention of another object, cause or agency); -e: directly (cf. quik, direta).
  • ne-merit-ata, -ita unmerited, undeserved, uncalled for.
  • ne-mezur-ebla immeasurable, inappreciable.
  • ne-modest-a immodest: not boastful (cf. ne-pudor-oza).
  • ne-mort-iva, -ivo everlasting, immortal; -iv-eso: immortality; -igar, ne-mort-iva: to immortalize.
  • ne-mov-anta motionless, immobile; -ebla: immovable; -ebl-eso: immobility.
  • ne-navig-ebla unnavigable, unseaworthy.
  • ne-neg-ebla undeniable.
  • neni-o nenia. Def.: Kanto o lamento funerala, en l’antiqua mori. — DEFI
  • ne-nobel-a plebean; -(ul)o: commoner.
  • ne-noc-iva innocuous, harmless.
  • ne-norm-ala anomalous, irregular (cf. anomala).
  • nenufar-o nenuphar: nenuphär: the great white water-lily of Europa (Nymphaea albl or, Nuphar). — EFIS
  • ne-obedi-ema not obedient, insubordinate.
  • ne-ofens-iva inoffensive.
  • neologism-o neologism. — DEFIS
  • neon-o (chem.) neon.
  • ne-oportun-a innoportune, unseasonable.
  • neopren-o neoprene. — DEFIRS
  • ne-ordinar-a uncommon, unusual (cf. extraordinara).
  • ne-organik-a inorganic.
  • neovitalism-o neovitalism. — DEFIRS
  • ne-pacient-a impatient; -eso: impatience; -igar, -eskar: to make, to become impatient.
  • ne-pac-ig-ebla implacable, inexorable.
  • Nepal Nepal. — DEFIRS
  • ne-palp-ebla impalpable.
  • ne-par-a not even, odd (of numbers)
  • ne-pardon-ebla unpardonable; -ema: unrelenting, implacable, pitiless; (cf. ne-exkuzebla).
  • ne-partis-ana unpartisan, impartial; -an-eso: impartiality.
  • ne-pek-iva impeccable.
  • ne-penetr-ebla impenetrable, impermeable, impervious (cf. ne-perme-ebla).
  • ne-percept-ebla imperceptible, undiscernible.
  • ne-perfekt-a imperfect; -ig-ebla: imperfectible.
  • ne-peris-iva imperishable, everlasting.
  • ne-perme-ebla impermeable (cf. ne-penetr-ebla).
  • ne-person-ala (gram., philos.) impersonal.
  • ne-pertur-ebla imperturbable.
  • ne-plan-a uneven: not level.
  • ne-polit-a impolite, uncourteous, uncivil.
  • ne-politik-a impolitic (in affairs of state).
  • ne-ponder-ebla imponderable.
  • ne-popular-a unpopular.
  • ne-posibl-a impossible; -eso, -ajo: (quality, act) impossibility.
  • nepot-o, -ulo, -ino grandchild; pos- -ulo: great-grandson. — IL
  • ne-potent-a impotent: powerless (cf. impotenta).
  • nepotism-o nepotism. — DEFIS
  • ne-pov-o, -eso inability, incapacity.
  • ne-pre-vid-o, -em-eso wanting foresight, improvidence; -anta, -ema: improvident (person); -ita: unforeseen, unlooked for (thing); -ite: unawares, napping.
  • ne-probabl-a improbable, unlikely (cf. ne-versimila).
  • ne-produkt-iva, -ema unproductive.
  • ne-profund-a shallow: (fig.) superficial.
  • ne-pronunc-ebla unpronounceable.
  • ne-prudent-a imprudent, foolhardy, indiscreet.
  • Neptun-ala (geol.) Neptunian.
  • ne-pudor-oza, -ema immodest (in sex proprieties; cf. ne-modesta).
  • ne-pura impure (cf. ne-chasta).
  • ne-racion-ala, -oza irrational, unreasonable.
  • ne-real-a unreal; -ig-ebla: unrealizeable.
  • ne-reflekt-ita (phys., mental) unreflected; thoughtless, unconsidered (act); -ema: thoughtless, heedless (person).
  • ne-refut-ebla irrefutable, irrefragable.
  • ne-regul-ala, -oza irregular (cf. ne-korekta); -oz-eso: irregularity (cf. ne-plan-ajo).
  • Nere-ido (myth.) Nereid. — DEFIRS
  • ne-rekuper-ebla irrecoverable.
  • ne-remedi-ebla incurable (disease) (cf. ne-sanig-ebla).
  • ne-repar-ebla (lit. and fig.) irreparable.
  • ne-repres-ebla irrepressible.
  • ne-reproch-ebla irreproachable.
  • ne-respekt-oza disrespectful (ad).
  • ne-respons-iva irresponsible.
  • ne-rezist-ebla irresistible.
  • nerv-o nerve; -aro: nervous system; -ala: nervous: relating to the nerves; -oza, -oz(ul)o: nervous (person); -oz-eso: nervousness; -oz-igar: to excite the nerves of (ulu); -oz-eskar: to grow, become nervous; sen- -igar: to unnerve. — DEFIRS
  • nervatur-o (bot., ent.) nervure. — IS
  • ne-san-ig-ebla (of persons) incurable (cf. ne-remedi-ebla).
  • ne-satur-ebla insatiable.
  • ne-sav-ar (tr.) to be ignorant of, not to know (ulo); -o: ignorance (of a fact; cf. nul-savo); -ante: unwittingly, unknowingly.
  • ne-sek-ebla indivisible.
  • ne-sekura insecure, unsafe.
  • ne-sent-iva insensitive, unfeeling, impassive; -eble: insensibly, imperceptibly.
  • ne-separ-ebla inseparable.
  • ne-serioz-a superficial (mind) not dangerous (wound, etc); (cf. ne-profunda, surfac-ala).
  • ne-shancel-ig-ebla (lit. and fig.) unshakable, immovable, resolute, steady, firm.
  • ne-shirm-ata unscreened, unsheltered, open.
  • ne-signifik-o insignificance (cf. sen-signifika, sen-importa, sen valora).
  • ne-skrupul-oza unscrupulous.
  • ne-sobr-a intemperate (in eating and drinking); (cf. ne-moderata, ne-diskreta).
  • ne-soci-ema unsociable.
  • ne-solv-ebla insoluble (problem, etc.).
  • ne-sond-ebla; (lit. and fig.) unfathomable.
  • ne-sonor-a dull, hollow, toneless, muffled (cf. matida).
  • ne-sorg-ema inattentive, heedless, unmindful, negligent.
  • nest-o (also fig.) (bird-) nest; -ifar: to build a nest. — DE
  • ne-submers-ebla unsinkable.
  • ne-submis-ita unsubdued.
  • ne-suces-o non-success, failure.
  • ne-suci-ema careless, unsolicitous.
  • ne-sufic-anta insufficient, inadequate.
  • ne-susten-ebla insupportable, indefensible, untenable.
  • net-a clean, spotless, neat, tidy, natty: without spot, stain, blot, impurity; (of price) net (cf. sen-tara); -igar: to clean, cleanse; -e kopiar: to make a fair copy of. Ex.: Neta aquo, plado, denti, manui, (fig.) koncienco. Ant.: sordida, ne-neta (cf. pura). — EFIS
  • ne-toler-anta, -ema intolerant; -ebla: intolerable, insupportable, unbearable, insufferable.
  • ne-traduk-ebla untranslatable.
  • ne-tra-ir-ebla impassable.
  • ne-tranquil-a (phys., mental) untranquil, unquiet, unagitated, uneasy, restless.
  • ne-transakt-ema intransigent, (esp. in politics: refusing compromise); irreconcilable, uncompromising.
  • ne-transit-iva (gram.) intransitive.
  • ne-tush-ita untouched, intact; -ebla: untouchable, intangible.
  • neuron-o (anat.) neurone.
  • ne-util-a useless, needless.
  • neutr-a (all senses) neutral, neuter; (la) -o: (gram.) a neuter; (la) -i: (polit.) the neutral powers; -eso: neutrality; -igar: to neutralize (cf. equalibrar, kompensar). Ex.: Neutra vorto, sexuo, naciono, persono, (chem.) salo. — DEFIRS
  • neutrin-o neutrino. — DEFIRS
  • neutron-o neutron. — DEFIRS
  • ne-uz-(ad)o disuse; -ata, -ita: unused, not in use, unutilized, obsolete.
  • nev-o, -ulo, -ino nephew, niece; po-nev-ulo: grandnephew.
  • ne-valid-a invalid; -igar: to invalidate, void, vitiate.
  • ne-vari-anta, -ebla, -iva invariable, unchangeable, unalterable.
  • neve-o neve (glacial snow). — EFIS
  • ne-vend-ebla unsaleable; -ita: unsold, la ne-vend-it-aji: goods unsold.
  • ne-ver-simil-a unlikely, improbable, not plausible (cf. ne-probabla).
  • ne-vid-ebla invisible; -ita: unseen, unpercieved.
  • ne-vink-ebla unconquerable, invincible, insuperable, insurmountable, overwhelming; -ita: unvanquished.
  • ne-violac-ebla inviolable; -ata, -ita: inviolate.
  • ne-vol-ata, -ita involuntary (cf. sen-vola), unwilled.
  • ne-volunt-a unwilling.
  • nevralgi-o neuralgia. — DEFIRS
  • nevrasteni-o (med.) neurasthenia. — DEF
  • nevrit-o (med.) neuritis. — DEF
  • nevrologi-o neurology. — DEFIS
  • nevropter-o (ent.) neuropteran. — DEFIS
  • nevros-o (med.) neurosis; -ika, -iko: neurotic (person). — DEFIRS
  • ne-vund-ebla invulnerable.
  • nevus-o nævus: pigmented place on skin, usually congenital; birthmark, mole; -o flamea: burnt mark, scar of burn. — DEF
  • ne-yust-a unjust, unlawful, unrighteous, unfair (cf. ne-justa).
  • ne-zel-oza lukewarm.
  • ni we, us (a ni, nin); -a: our(s) ‘Nia Patro’: the Lord’s Prayer, (cf. note under on). — FIS
  • nich-o (arch.) niche, nook: recess in a wall (as for a statue or a bed) — DEFIS
  • niel-o niello: a black enamel. — DEFIS
  • nigel-o (bot.) nigella: fennel-flower (genus: Nigella). — EFISL
  • Nigeri-a Nigeria.
  • nigr-a black (cf. obskura); -o: black, the colo(u)r itself (cf. negro); -eso: (quality) blackness; -igar: to blacken, smut; -eskar: to turn black; N. Maro: Black Sea. Ant.: blanka. — EFIS
  • nihil-o naught, nothing, something non-existent, nonenity (cf. nulo); -a: void; -eso: nothingness, inexistence, nihility; -ajo: a nullity; -igar; -eskar: (jur.) to annul, become void; to rescind, cancel; -ig-ebla: voidable; -ismo: nihilism; -ist-o, -a: nihilist(ic); -eso di grandeso homala: nothingness of human greatness. V. exp: Destruktar, nihil-igar: por la destrukto materiala e kontreyura di dokumento, ni havas la verbo: destruktar. Do ni darfas rezervar nihiligar a la yurala senco (igar tote ne-valida o sen-valora). Remarkez, ke propre dicite on povas nihiligar nulo materiale, pro ke la materio esas permananta; on povas nur destruktar (quaze des-konstruktar) la material objekti.
  • nihoni-o (chem.) nihonium.
  • Nikaragu-a Nicaragua.
  • nikel-o (metal.) nickel; -izar: to nickel-plate (ulo). — DE
  • nikelin-o nickeline; niccolite.
  • nikotin-o nicotine. — DEFIRS
  • niktalop-a (med.) nyctalopic: part blind by day; -eso: nyctalopia: day blindness. — DEFIRS
  • nimb-o (meteor.) nimbus: a large rain-cloud of uniform greyness (N.B. not halo; cf. aureolo). — DEFIS
  • nimf-o (myth.) nymph. — DEFIRS
  • nipel-o (tech.) nipple. Def.: Interna junto-tubeto kun filetoza extremaji. — DE
  • «nirvana» (Buddhism) Nirvana.
  • nitr-o (chem.) nitrogen, azote (cf. azoto); -ato: nitrate; -at-acido: nitric acid.
  • nitrat-o nitrate. — DEFIRS
  • nitrid-o nitride. — DER
  • nitrit-o nitrite. — DEFIRS
  • niv-ar (impers.) to snow; -eskar: to commence to snow; -oza, -atra, -ea: snowy; -o bulo: snowball; -floko: snowflake; -ea barbo: snow-white beard. — IS
  • nivel-o level: horizontal surface; (cf. plano, plata); -izar: to measure the level of, to find the height of (by a surveyor’s level); -iz-ilo: level instrument which shows the level. — DFIRS
  • niveol-o (bot.) snow-drop (Galanthus nivalis). — F
  • nix-o, -ulo, -ino (myth.) nix, water sprite, undine. — DE
  • no (interj.) no! Ant.: yes. — EFIS
  • nobel-a noble (by birth); -o, -ulo, -ino: a noble; -aro: nobility (collect.) -eso: (rank) nobility; -igar: to ennoble: raise to nobility (ulu). V. exp.: Nobela, nobla: La nobeli esas sociala klaso, qua formacesis per la reputeso heredita de la ancestri da la decendanti. Nobleso esas etikal traito. Nobelo tote ne bezonas esar nobla, ed inversa nobla homo ne bezonas esas nobela. — DEFIS
  • nobl-a noble (morally); -eso: nobility (of character); -igar: to ennoble: to make noble. V. exp.: vid. nobela. Ant.: abjekta, vulgara, infama. — DEFIS
  • noc-ar (tr.) to harm, injure, hurt, wrong, be injurious (ulu, ulo); -eso: (state) damage; -iva: noxious, nocive, harmful, detrimental. V.exp.: vid. detrimentar. — EFI
  • noch-o notch, nick, dent, indentation; -izar: to notch, dent. Def.: V-forma dentizuro (quale en flecho, dento-roto; l’intervalo o lakuno inter du denti di ingranajo, do l’inverso di dento. Mikra kavajo produktita per instrumento o frapo. — F
  • nocion-o notion. Def.: Ideo quan on havas pri ulo. Ex. La koncienco direte donas al homo nociono pri la bono e lo mala. Il donos a vu nociono pri ca afero. — DEFIS
  • nod-o knot (in thread, cord, rope, etc.); (nav.) knot: nautical mile: 6080.27 ft., 1852 meters (metres); -igar: to tie a knot in (ulo); -ifar: to knot: produce knots; -o Gordiala: Gordian knot. — FIS
  • nokt-ar (impers.) to be night; -as: it is night; -eskar: night is coming on; -ala: nocturnal. (ye) -esko: (at) nightfall; -o: night (cf. tenebro, obskuro); -o-mezo: midnight; -o-vag-anto, -ero: night prowler; -o-vazo: chamber-pot; -o-lampo, -bujio: night-light; nokto-marvelo: (bot.) marvel of Peru (Mirabilis). — DEFIRS
  • noktiluk-o (zool.) noctiluca (genus: Noctiluca). — EFISL
  • noktu-o (orni.) white owl, barn-owl (Noctua).
  • nokturn-o (mus.) nocturne. — DEFIRS
  • nom-ar (tr.) to name: call (ulu) by name, to say the name of (ulu); -esar: to be named, to be called; -o: name; (gram.) noun; -izar: to name: give a name to (ulo); -iz-o, -uro: naming; appelation; -izado: nomenclature (cf. nomenklaturo); -e: namely (viz.); bapto- -o: Christian name; pre- -o: first name; ye la -o di: in the name of; ye mea -o (vice me): in my name; propra -o: own name; proper noun; sen- -a: nameless. Def.: Dicar, lektar o pensar la nomo; ‘nom-izar’ esas donar nomo (nova). Ex.: Ka vu nomas ta persono? La persono nomesas S. X. Lua gepatri nomizis il Jean X. (gram.) Propra, komuna nomo; nomo-substantivo; nom-adjektivo. — DEFIS
  • nomad-(ulo), -a nomad(ic). — DEFIRS
  • nombr-o (cardinal) number, numeral (i.e. numbers used in simple counting: 1, 2, 3, etc. cf. numero); (gram.) number; -izar: to give numbers to; to count, take census of; -o prima: prime number; -ala: numerical; granda- -a: numerous; sen- -a: numberless (cf. ne-kont-ebla). — EFIS
  • nomenklatur-o nomenclature. — DEFIRS
  • nomin-ar (tr.) to nominate: to name as a canditate for election or appointment to an office or title; -o, -eso: (act, condition) nomination, appointment, designation; -ala: (of price, value) nominal; -anto, -ero: nominator, presenter; -ato, -ario: nominee; -al-ismo: (philos.) nominalism. — EFIS
  • nominativ-o (gram.) nominative. — DEFIS
  • nomografi-o nomography.
  • non nine; -o: the ninth; -esma, -esmo: (ordinal) ninth, (rel.) novena (nine days devotion); -imo: (fraction) a ninth part; -opla: ninefold; -a-dek-yara, -o: nonogenarian; -a-dek: ninety; (cf. du).
  • nona- nona-, nine-. Used in scientific terms.
  • nopal-o (bot.) nopal, Indian-fig, cochineal-tree (Opuntia coccinellifera). — DEFIRS
  • nord-o north; -ala: nothern; -e: northerly, in the north (with movement: ad -e); -esto: north-east. — DEFIRS
  • nori-o noria: a machine for raising water by buckets on an endless chain. — DEF
  • norm-o norm: authoritative standard or model; -a: of or constituting a norm, rule, or principle; -ala: ordinary, regular, normal: relating to an authoritative standard, as in speaking of health, etc.; (goem.) -ala, -alo: normal: perpendicular to a tangent; -igar: to establish (ulo) as a norm, to make a standard of (ulo); -izar: to furnish with a standard, norm; -al-igar: to standardize; to seal (weights, measures); pezo- -o: standard of weights. V. exp.: Regulo esas precepto o preskripto generala, enuncita per vorti. Normo esas kozo konkreta, qua servas quale modelo o tipo a qua on komparas la ceteri por evaluar lia justeso. — DEFIRS
  • Normand-a Norman; -o: a Norman; -ia: Normandy.
  • Norvegi-a Norway; -ano: Norwegian.
  • nostalgi-o nostalgia, homesickness. — EFIRS
  • nostok-o (bot.) nostoc: a plant of blue-green algæ (genus: Nostoc). — DEFS
  • not-ar (tr.) to note down, set down in writing, make memo of; (cf. remarkar); -izar: to annotate, make notes in (a book); (mus.) to write down the notes; (N.B. on notas remarki en libro; on notizas libro per remarki); -o: noting; note, mark, memo, minute (to assist the memory); (mus.) note (written or sounded); (diplom.) note; -iz(ad)o, -izuro: annotation, notation (musical, chemical, etc.); inventory; -iz-iva: annotative; -iz-anto, -ero: annotator; -libr-eto: memorandum book (cf. posh-kayero); -o-referi: reference marks (signs, numbers), etc.). — DEFIRS
  • notari-o notary (public); koram -o: in the presence of a notary. — DEFIRS
  • notic-o (short) notice, note, or account (instructive or informative as on bottle labels, or in a museum, etc.); -o biografiala: biographical sketch. Def.: Nelonga skribajo instruktiva o informiva pri partikulara temo od objektivo. V. exp.: avizo. — DEFIS
  • notifik-ar (tr.) to notify (formally), give notice of (ulo, ad ulu). V. exp.: sav-igar. — DEFIS
  • notor-a manifest, well-known, known generally, notorious (N.B. but not in a bad sense); -eso: notoriety, notoriousness. — DEFIRS
  • nov-a (of things) new, novel; (of persons) new (in service, office); -(ul)o: a newcomer; -ajo: a new thing, novelty; -e: newly , freshly (cf. recente); -e nask-into: a new-born child; -yaro, -a: New Year; -igar: to innovate (ulo) (intr.: enduktar novajo); -ig-anto, -ero: innovator; Nova Guinea: New Guinea; Nova Kaledoni-a: New Caledonia; Nova Skoti-a: Nova Scotia, cf. Akadi-o.; Nov-Land-o: Newfoundland; -ano: Newfoundlander; Nov-Sud-Wals: New South Wales; Nov-Zeland-o: New Zealand; V. exp.: vid. anciena. — DEFIRS
  • novel-o short story, novelette; -isto: short-story writer. V. exp.: Romano esas generale libro kontenanta fingita historio di un o plura personi. Novelo signifikas nur rakonto de kelka pagini, qua havas la naturo di romano, me esas romano tre kurta, tam per l’ampleso kam per la duro (generale on rakontas nur aventuro, epizodo, fakto). — DEFIRS
  • novembr-o November. — DEFIRS
  • novic-o novice, probationer, tyro, neophyte, apprentice; -a: (fig.) novice: inexperienced, green, raw (of persons); -eso: novitiate, probationship. — DEFIS
  • nu (interj.) well! now then! come now! well now! — DR
  • nuanc-o nuance: a slight shade, gradation, as of tone, colo(u)r, meaning, etc.; -oza: full of shades, tints, slight gradations or distinctions; -izar: to shade, variegate, express the nuances; la -i inter sinonimi: the shades of difference between synonyms. — DEFR
  • nub-o cloud; (fig.) gloom, darkness, shadow; -aro: (a mass of) clouds; -oza: cloudy, nubilous; -izar: to cloud, cover with clouds. — EIS
  • Nubi-a Nubia; -ano: Nubian.
  • nuc-o a walnut; (fig,) nut: any hard shell enclosing a kernel; -iero: (wal)nut tree; -ier-ligno: walnut (wood); -rupt-ilo: nut-cracker.
  • nud-a nude, naked, bare; -igar: to strip, undress, lay bare, denude; -kapa: bare-headed; -peda: bare-footed; lo -a: (abstract) the nude. — EFIS
  • nudl-i noodles, ribbon vemicelli, spaghetti. — DE
  • nugat-o nougat, a kind of almond cake. — EF
  • nuk-o nape of the neck; -umo, -kovr-ilo: neck-covering, -flap (as to protect against sun or rain); (fig.) muffler. Def.: Nuk-umo esas acesoro o peco di kasqueto. — FIS
  • nukle-o (biol.) nucleus. — EFS
  • nuklear-a nuclear. — EFIS
  • nuklein-o nuclein. — DEFIS
  • nul-a (indefinite adjective-pronoun) no, not any none; -e, -maniere: nowise, in no way, not at all; -o: nothing; (interj.) no use! no go! not a bit of it! -u: no one, nobody; -ajo: nullity (cf. nihilo); -o pluse: nothing more; -kaze: in no case; -loke: nowhere; -tempe: never; -ag-anta, -ema; -fac-anta, -emo: do-nothing, idle (person) (cf. indolenta); -savanta: ignorant; (cf. ne-savo); -valor-anta: of no value, worthless, invalid. Ant.: kelka: — EFI
  • numer-o (ordinal) number (i.e. indicative of order or succession; as 1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.); -ala: numerical (order); -izar: to give successive numbers (to houses, journals, etc.). — DEFIRS
  • numerator-o (arith.) numerator. — EFIS
  • numismatik-o numismatics. — DEFIRS
  • numulari-o (bot.) moneywort (Lysimachia Nummularia). — FIS
  • numulit-o (paleon.) nummulite. — DEFIS
  • nun (adv.) now, at present, at this time; -a: (time) present, actual, current, now occurring (cf. prezenta); -tempa: present day, time; -tempe: at the present time; -a stando: the existing condition, status quo; -a evento: a present, current event; nun kande: now when, now that (N.B. not nun ke). Ex.: Me lernas nun la internaciona linguo. Nun kande il venis, ni iros. — D
  • nunci-o (Pope’s) nuncio. — DEFIRS
  • nupcial-a (zool.) nuptial.
  • nur (adv.) only; -a: indicates exclusion (of all else) only, sole (cf. sola, unika); ne nur: not only; se nur: if only, providing that; nur ed unike: purely and simply. Ex.: Nur l’amo inspiras il. Il drinkas nur vino. Me donas ol a vu, se nur vu venos. Il nura (od, sola) esas kulpoza. — D
  • nutac-o (astron., plant physiol.) nutation. — DEFIS
  • nutr-ar (tr.) to nourish, feed, sustain (ulu), (cf. alimentar, alaktar); -(ad)o: nourishing, nutrition, sustenance; -anta, -iva: nourishing, nutritive, nutritious; -iv-aro; -iv-gan-ilo: (means of) subsistence, (fig.) livelihood, living. Ex.: Nutrar la familio. La sango nutras la korpo. Nutriva dieto. — EFIS


O

  • o(d) (The «d» is omitted before consonants) (conj.) or; o(d) ... o(d) either … or; il devos o submisar o demisar: he should either submit or resign (cf. sive). — DIS
  • oazis-o oasis. — DEFIRS
  • obcen-a obscene. — DEFIS
  • obedi-ar (tr.) to obey; -esar: to be obeyed; -(ad)o: obedience, obeying, observance (of a law, command, etc.); -ema: (tendency) obedient. Ex.: La soldato obedias sua chefo. — EFIS
  • obelisk-o obelisk. — DEFIRS
  • obez-a obese (cf. korpulenta, repleta); -eso: obesity. Def.: Qua havas tro abunta graso, precipue en la ventro: on qualifikas lu vulgare ‘ventroza’. L’obezeso esas maladeso e preske infirmeso. — EFIS
  • objecion-ar (tr.) to object: adduce as an objection. Ex.: On objecionis a Galileo ke, se la tero rotacas ... — EFIS
  • objekt-o object: anything that comes within the cognizance of the senses (cf. skopo, komplemento); -ala: objective (opp. to subjekt-ala); -alo: (opt.) object-glass; -al-eso: objectivity. — DEFIRS
  • oblat-o wafer. Def.: Dina tabuleto ek farinpasto (azimo) uzata por siglar letri. — DRS
  • oble-o wafer: a thin pastry. — FRS
  • oblig-ar (tr.) to oblige: put (ulu) under obligation to do or not to do something, to bind, constrain (by duty, hono(u)r, etc.) (cf. devar, koaktar); -o, -eso: obligation (imposed by conscience, law, etc.); -anta: obligatory (which obliges); -ata: (which is) obligatory, incumbent; reciproka -eso: joint liability, obligation; ne-oblig-ata: optional; obligesar ad ulu: to be beholden to someone; obligar ulu per juro: to bind a person by oath; me obligas me facar to: I assume the obligation, the responsibility to do this. — DEFIS
  • obligacion-o (fin.) debenture, bond: a legal obligation (bond) bearing interest; fervoyala -i: railway bonds; -iero: bond-, debenture-holder. — DEFIRS
  • obliqu-a (also anat., gram.) oblique, aslant, slanting; (fig.) indirect, not straightforward, insincere; -a angulo, lineo: oblique angle, line; -e tranchar stofo: to cut fabric slantingly, on the bias; ta aleo esas -a: that lane runs slantingly; (gram.) -a kazo: oblique case; (fig.) -a laudo: indirect praise; -a homulo: an insincere (not straightforward) man. — EFIS
  • obliter-ar (tr.) to obliterate, blot out (little by little or in a manner to leave traces). V. exp.: Nek efacar, nek nuligar, ma nuligar per signo, qua igas ulo neuzebla (ex. postal marko). Ex.: La censuristo obliteris la enskriburo. — DEFIS
  • oblivi-ar (tr.) to forget (cf. neglijar, omisar); -igar: to cause (ulu) to forget, to cause (ulo) to be forgotten (da ulu); -o: forgetting; -eso: forgetfulness, oblivion; su- -o: self-forgetfulness; -ema: forgetful, oblivious, unmindful; -o-karcero: oubliette: castle dungeon. — EFIS
  • oblong-a oblong. Def.: Qua esas plu longa kam larja. — DEFS
  • obol-o (Gr. coin) obol(us); any of several small European coins; mite, groat, farthing; a very small sum; -o di vidvino: widow’s mite. — DEFIS
  • obsed-ar (tr.) to beset: to haunt, importune; to obsess, to worry; to possess (by fixed ideas); (cf. persekutar, tedar); la kortani obsedas la princo: the courtiers beset the prince; la mento ofte obsedesas da sua propra erori: the mind is often beset with its own errors; ca viro obsedas me: that man worries me, or, importunes me. V. exp.: Obsedar esas, etimologie, ‘siejar’ persono, t.e. frequentar lu tedante por solicitar lu pri ula kozo, o por vidar lu nediskrete; figurale, to dicesas pri la pensi, imaji, pasioni qui okupas konstante la mento, e quin on ne povas repulsar (la remorso obsedas la kriminanto; teroriganta sonji obsedas lu). — EFIS
  • observ-ar (tr.) to observe: look at, watch (with attention and study); (cf. obediar, remarker); -o: observation (of an object); -anta, -ema: observing, observant; -anto, -ero, -isto: lookout, observer; -eyo, -posteno: place of observation, lookout post; -ebla: observable. Ex.: Observar naturo, la irado di la astri, la mori di la diferenta nacioni. Astronomiala observado. Mento observema. — DEFIRS
  • observatori-o (astron., meteorol.) observatory. — DEFIS
  • obsidian-o (min.) obsidian: volcanic glass. — DEFIRS
  • obskur-a (lit. and fig.) obscure: without sufficient light to enable one to see objects, gloomy, dim, somber (sombre); not easily understood; little known; (of colo(u)rs) dark; -igar: to obscure, dim, darken; nokto -a: a dark night; stilo -a: an unclear style; vivar -a vivo: to live an obscure life; -eso di lingui: obscurity of language; la nubi obskur-igas la jorno: the clouds intercept the daylight; longa frazi obskurigas la senco: long sentences obscure the meaning. Ant.: klara. — DEFIS
  • obskurant-ismo obscurantism; -isto: obscurantist: one who opposes enlightenment. — DEFIRS
  • obsolet-a obsolete (words, customs, etc.); -eskar: to become obsolete; -eso: obsoleteness, desuetude, disuse. Def.: Exter la uzado, la kustumo. — DEFIS
  • obstakl-o (lit. and fig.) obstacle, hindrance, obstruction, impediment, bar, clog: that which opposes; -o-kuro: obstacle-race; (kaval-) kuro kun -i: steeple-chase. — EFIS
  • obstetrik-o obstetrics. — EFIS
  • obstin-ar (intr.) to be obstinate (en, pri) to persist, be firmly bent (on); -(ad)o: obstinacy, perinacity, stubborness (cf. persistem-eso); -anta, -era, -ema: obstinate, self-willed, opiniated, headstrong, stubborn; -emo: an obstinate person; il obstinas en taco: he keeps obstinately silent; esar obstin-anta pri projeto nerealigebla: to persist in an impractical project. V. exp.: vid. insistar. — EFIS
  • obstrukt-ar (tr.) to obstruct, block up, choke up; be in the way of; -iva: obstructive. Ex.: Obstruktar voyo, tubo. V. exp.: inkombrar. — DEFIRS
  • obten-ar (tr.) to obtain, procure, get (ulo, de ulu). Ex.: Obtenar favoro de ulu. V. exp.: vid. recevar. — EFIS
  • obtur-ar (tr., tech.) to obturate: to stop or close, as an opening. — EFIS
  • obtuz-a obtuse: blunt, dull, (of edges, angles); (geom.) larger than a right angle; (fig.) dull (in sensibility, mentality); -igar: to blunt, dull (cf. sen-pint-igar); -angula: obtuse angular. Ex.: Hakilo obtuza. Il esas homo mente obtuza. Ant.: akuta. — EFIS
  • obus-o (artil.) shell; -kanono: howitzer (cf. bombard-ilo). — FI
  • ocean-o acean; (fig.) sea, flood, great quantity (cf. maro); -ido: (myth.) Oceanide, sea-nymph; -ia: Oceania. — DEFIRS
  • oceanografi-o oceanography. — DEFIRS
  • ocelot-o (zool.) ocelot (Felis pardalis). — DEFIRS
  • oci-ar (intr.) to be idle, be unoccupied; -o: (temporary) idleness, unoccupation; -ado: (pemanent, habitual) idleness, leisure; -oza: unoccupied; -oz-ega, -ema: lazy, slothful, indolent; -anto, -ero: idler, person of leisure; -emo: loafer, sluggard. Def.: Esar en stando di senlaboreso. Ociemeso esas la tendenco a ne laborar, a facar nulo; ocioza signifikas la fakto, ne tendenco. V. exp.: On povas laborar dum sua liber-tempi, ma ne dum periodo di ocio (cf. chomar, flanar). — FIS
  • ocid-ar (tr.) to slay, murder: kill with violence; -ar su: to commit suicide; hom- -o: homicide; (cf. rej-ocido, infant-ocido, su-ocido); Def.: Mortigar violente (intence o ne, krimine o ne). V. exp.: On ocidas anke bestii, ne nur en bucheyo (ube on buchas li), ma en chaso ed en mult altra okazioni. Ni havas asasinar por la ocido esence krimina; mortigar havas logikale la senco: igar mortar. ex.: ta yuno mortigis sua gepatri pro chagreno; ta acidento mortigis plura personi pro pavoro; on masakras plura personi kruele o senbezone. — I
  • ocident-o (literary term) occident (cf. westo). — DEFIS
  • ocil-ar (intr.) to oscillate: swing back and forwards (cf. vibrar, fluktuar); -ilo: swing (cf. baskul-ilo). — DEFIS
  • ocipit-o (anat.) occiput: back part of head or skull; -ala: occipital; -ala osto, -alo: occipital bone. — EFIS
  • ocit-ar (intr., of persons) to yawn (cf. bear). — L
  • od-o ode. — DEFIRS
  • od see o(d).
  • odalisk-o odalisque, odalisk. — DEFIRS
  • «odeon» (ancient) odeum, odeon; (theater in Paris) Odeon.
  • odi-ar (tr.) to hate (ulu, ulo); -esar: to be hated (da); -oz-eso: hatefulness; -ema, -iganta: invidious; -inda: odious; (cf. abominar). — EIS
  • odise-o (pr. and fig.) Odyssey. — DEFIRS
  • odontologi-o odontology. — DEFIRS
  • odor-ar (intr.) to have a smell or scent, smell (fragrant, etc.), exhale odo(u)r; (cf. flarar); -o: odor, scent, smell (cf. parfumo, flaro); -anta, -oza: odoriferous; sen- -a, ne- -oza: odorless; bon-odora: fragrant, sweet-smelling; mal- -o: bad odor. — EFIS
  • ofens-ar (tr.) to offend, give offense (offence) to, shock (the sensibilities); -esar: to be offended (da); -o: offense, affront (cf. insulto); -anta, -iva, -ema: offending, shocking, offensive, obnoxious. — EFIS
  • ofertori-o (R.C. rel.) offertory. — DEFIS
  • ofic-o (function, duty, assigned service) office, post (cf. oficio, employo); -ala: functionary relating to office, duty; (cf. oficiala); -isto: a (civil) official (cf. oficiro); -estro: head of (civil) office. Def.: Funciono administrala o direktala, sive en la stato, sive en societo o grand entraprezo. — EFIS
  • ofici-ar (intr., eccl.) to officiate: perform divine service; -anta, -anto: officiating (priest or clergyman); -o: office (divine service); -ala: relating to divine service (cf. oficala). — EFIS
  • oficir-o (milit. nav., of an order) officer (cf. ofic-isto); sub- -o: subordinate officer, non-commissioned officer. — DEFIRS
  • ofikleid-o (mus. instr.) ophicleide. — DEFIS
  • ofit-o ophite, green porphyry, serpentine. — DEF
  • ofr-ar (tr.) to offer, proffer, tender (ulo ad ulu), to offer (to do); to place at the service of (ulu); -ar su: to offer, propose (oneself); -o: offering (act), offer, tender, proposal, bid; -ajo: what is offered; -o: (polit. econ) supply: what is offered; Ex.: Ofrar helpo, sua brakio a siorino, sua manuo ad amiko, viktimo en sakrifiko, akompanar ulu. La lego di l’ofro e di la demando determinas la preco di la vari sur ula merkato. V. exp.: Il propozis a me irar kun il en la teatro, ma il ne ofris a me plaso. On povas ofrar la vari sen prizentar li: en la komercal borso, on ne prizentas la vari ipsa, same kam en la financal borso on ne prizentas la valori: tamen on ofras li. — DEFIS
  • ofset-o offset (printing method). — EFIRS
  • oft-e oft, often, oftentimes; -a: frequent; maxim ofte: most often, very often; ne- -e: rarely, seldom. Ex.: Ofte on mustas facar ulo quon on ne deziras facar. V. exp.: Ofta ne esas sinonima a frequa. Ofta dicesas pri ulo quo eventas ‘ofte’, t.e. multa foyi en ula intervalo. Frequa esas utila en tekniko: ex. on bezonas parolar pri flui (elektrala) di granda frequeso: on ne povas dicar: di granda ofteso: to semblus signifikar, ke on uzas li ofte. Ant.: rara. — DE
  • oftalmi-o ophthalmia. — DEFIS
  • oftalmologi-o ophthalmology.
  • oftalmoskop-o ophthalmoscope.
  • oganeson-o (chem.) oganesson.
  • ogiv-o (arch.) ogive. — DEFIS
  • ogl-ar (tr.) to ogle: view with side glances; to cast glances at slyly; -achar: to leer at (ulu). — E
  • ogr-o ogre. — DEFIS
  • -oid- -oid. Def.: Ciencal sufixo; qua havas la sama formo kam (o formo analoga).
  • ok eight; -esma: (ordinal) eighth; -opla, -oplo: eight-fold, octuple; -imo: one-eighth; -a-dek: eighty, fourscore; -a-dek-yar-a, -o: octogenarian; -ima negro: octoroon: person one-eighth black; (cf. du). — EFIS
  • okapi-o okapi. — DEFIRS
  • okarin-o (mus. instr.) ocarina. — DEF
  • okazion-o occasion, opportunity; -e: occasionally, at times; -e di: apropos (of); (cf. kauzo). Ex.: Me kaptis la okaziono por parolar ad il. Kande okaziono prizentos su, ni iros. — EFIRS
  • okr-o ochre; reda -o: red ochre. — DEFIRS
  • oktaedr-o (geom.) octahedron. — DEFIS
  • oktant-o octant: eighth of a circle; (astron. instr.) octant. — DEFIS
  • oktav-o (mus., ch. festival, verse) octave. — DEFIRS
  • oktilion-o (English notation) octillion (1,000,000⁸). — DEFS
  • okto- oct-, eight-. Used in scientific terms.
  • oktobr-o October. — DEFIRS
  • oktogon-o (geom.) octagon. — DEFIS
  • oktopod-o octopod (having eight legs); order Octopoda; (cf. polpo). — DEFIS
  • okul-o eye; -eto: small eye; (tech.) eyelet hole; -ala: ocular; -alo: eye-piece, eye-glass; -isto: oculist; -agar: (tr.) to eye (ulu, ulo); -o nuda: naked eye; -o po -o: eye for eye; -klapo, -shirm-ilo: eye-shade; (for horses) blinker; -o-skrubo: a staple, eyebolt: screw with ringed head. — DEFIRS
  • okult-a occult. V. exp.: vid. arkana. — DEFIS
  • okultac-o (astron.) occultation; -ar: (tr.) to occult. — DEFIS
  • okup-ar (tr.) to occupy (a place, time); -ar su: to occupy oneself, employ oneself, be busy (pri); -esar: to be occupied (da); -eso: occupancy (fact); -(ad)o: occupying; -ant-ajo, -ivo: (that which occupies) business, work, occupation; -anto, -ero: occupant; -ata: occupied, busy. Ex.: La lito okupas la tota spaco. La soldati okupis la urbo. La diskutado okupis la tempo. Ca laboro okupis dek yari di lua vivo. Il okupis su en (od, pri) sua gardeno. Esar sen okupeso. La okupo di la urbo da la trupi. La okup-antajo, -ivo di soldati, di komercisto. — DEFIS
  • ol (abbr. for olu; acus. olun) (neuter pronoun referring to a definite object; cf. lo, lu) it; -i: they (cf. li); -ua: its; -ia: their (cf. lia). Ex.: Ol esas tre bela. La afero semblas bona, ma forsan ol ne esas tala. La kavalo esas tro fatigita; ol(u) ne povus tirar la veturo, La viri e la bestii ne konkordas inter su, nam ili (la viri) tiris ad-dextre, dum ke oli (la bestii) tiris adsinistre.
  • old-a (of living beings) old, of advanced age; -o, -ulo, -ino: old person; -eso: oldness; -aro: (collect.) aged persons; -eskar: to grow old; (plu-) -igar: to age, make look old. Def.: Di evo avanc-inta. V. exp.: vid. anciena. Ant.: yuna. — E
  • ole-o oil; -oza, -atra: oleaginous; -izar: to oil (ulo); -ifar: to produce oil, give out oil; -uyo: oil-holder, oilcan; cruet; -lampo: Argand lamp: common oil lamp for illumination; -farbo: oil paint; -i santa: (eccl.) holy oils; brul- -o: lamp-oil, kerosene; ricin- -o: castor oil; oliv- -o: olive-oil. — DEFIS
  • olfakt-ar (tr.) to perceiveby sense of smell; -o: olfaction. -ala organo: olfactory organ. — EFIS
  • oliban-o olibanum: frankincense. — EFIS
  • oligark-o oligarch. — DEFIRS
  • oligarki-o oligarchy. — DEFIRS
  • oligocen-o (geol.) oligocene. — DEFIS
  • olim formerly, in former times, once upon a time; -a: former; -a tempo: in days of old. Ex.: Olim esis kustumo. La homi di olima tempo. Olim ula princo regnis. Olima kustumo. — L
  • Olimp-o Olympus; -ano: a dweller in Olympus.
  • olimpiad-o Olympiad: a period of four years. — DEFIRS
  • oliv-o (fruit) olive; -iero: olive tree. — DEFIRS
  • Oman Oman. — DEFIRS
  • omani-ar (intr.) to masturbate; -(ad)o: masturbation, onanism. — DEFIRS
  • ombr-o shadow, shade; -izar: to shade, over shade; put in, cover with shadows; -oza, -iz-anta: shadowy, shady, umbrageous. — EFIS
  • oment-o (anat.) omentum. — DEFIRS
  • omis-ar (tr.) to omit, leave out or undone, pass over; -o, -ajo: omission (cf. neglijar). Ex.: Omisar formalajo. Ne omisez facar to. Il omisis fakto importanta. — EFIS
  • omlet-o omelet. — DEFR
  • omn-a (quantifying adjective-pronoun, collective sense) all, every; -i: all, everybody (collect.) -o: everything; -u: every one; omna tri, omna quar: all three, all four; il havas du filiuli, qui omna esas soldati: he has two sons who are (both) soldiers; de omna loki: from every place; -a-di-e, -a: daily, every day; -o-fac-anto: factotum; -a-kaze: in any case, in any event; -a-foye: every time; -a-loke: every place; -o-manj-anta: omnivorous (cf. omnivora); -a-monata, -e: every month, monthly; -a-maniere: in every way; -o-povo: omnipotence; -o-pov-anta: omnipotent, all powerful; -o-savo: omniscience; -o-sav-anta: omniscient; -a-seman-a, -e: weekly, every week. -o-sufr-anto: (fig.) drudge; -a-sorta, -speca: every kind of; -o-tush-ero: (fig.) meddler, busy-body; -ube: wherever. V. exp.: vid. singla. — EIL
  • omnibus-o (vehicle) omnibus. — DEFIRS
  • omnivor-o ominvorous. — DEFIS
  • on one (indefinite pronoun): people, men, we, they (when used vaguely for society), for people in general; on dicas: people say, they say; on devas amar sua gepatri: we should love our parents; on ne povas manjar sua kuko e konservar ol: you cannot eat your cake and have it. (Note: Ni translates ‘we’ only when a limited number of persons is thought of with whom the speaker or writer is directly associated: ni qui kredas ke I.L. esas posibla). — EF
  • onagr-o (zool.) onager: a wild ass (Equus Onager); (hist.) onager: a stone-throwing machine. — DEFIS
  • ond-o (lit. and fig.) (small) wave, swell, surge (of water); undulation; -ego: billow, breaker; -ifar: to rise in billow form or produce waves; to undulate, wave; -igar, -izar: to cause waves on; to cover with waves; -ifo, -aro: undulation, waves; -oza, -atra, -ifanta, -izita: wavy, wavelike, undulating; -agit-ata: rough; -agit-eso: billowy. Ex.: Ondi di maro, di soni, di tero (sismala). La maro ondifas. La vento ond-igas, -izas la maro. Ondoza surfaco. — EFIS
  • onix-o (min.) onyx. — DEFIRS
  • onkl-o uncle or aunt; -ino: aunt; -ulo: uncle; -ala: avuncular; pre-onkl-ulo: great-uncle. — DEF
  • onomatope-o (gram.) onomatopoeia. — DEFIS
  • ontogenez-o (biol.) ontogenesis. — DEFIS
  • ontologi-o (philos.) ontology. — DEFIRS
  • onyon-o (plant and edible bulb) onion; -eyo: onion-bed; -shelo: onion-skin, -peel. — EF
  • oolit-o (geol.) oolite. — DEFIRS
  • -op- distributive: quar-ope, in fours, four at a time.
  • opak-a opaque. Def.: Qua ne esas diafana, ne permeebla per lumo. Ant.: diafana, translucida. — DEFIS
  • opal-o (min.) opal; -vitro: (fig.) opal (or, iridescent) glass. — DEFIRS
  • opalec-ar (intr.) to opalesce. — DEFIS
  • oper-o opera; -eto: operetta; -o-teatro: opera house. — DEFIRS
  • operac-ar (tr., surg., mil., math., finan.) to operate (upon); -ato, -ito: person operated upon; -ar malado, tumoro: to operate upon a sick person, a tumor. Ex.: Subisar operaco. Financalo operaco. Operaco en sustraciono. Militala operaco. — DEFIRS
  • operkul-o (bot., anat., zool.) operculum (cover, lid). — EFIS
  • opiat-o (med.) opiate. — DEFIS
  • opinion-ar (tr.) to opine, express one’s opinion, be of the opinion. Def.: Expresar judiko pri temo. Ex.: Me favore opinionas pri la projeto. Publika opiniono. — EFIS
  • opium-o opium; -oza: containing opium. — DEFIRS
  • -opl- multiplying suffix: du-opla, double; tri-ople kin esas dek-e-kin, three times five is fifteen; (cf. per). Where numbers are used in connection with the word ‘time’, the root foy(o) is used as a suffix: du-foye, two times, twice; quar-foye, four times; tri-foya eko, an echo repeated three times; (cf. foyo).
  • opodeldok-o (med.) opodeldoc. — DEFI
  • oport-ar, -as (intr., impersonal) it is required, it is necessary (ke); (cf. suffix: -end-); oportas levar ni fru morge: it is necessary to get up early to-morrow. V. exp.: Kande ica signifiko havas subjekto, on uzas mustar: oportas ke vu departez: vu mustas departar. — L
  • oportun-a (of things) opportune, seasonable, timely, convenient (cf. favor-oza); -eso: opportuneness (cf. okaziono); -ismo: (politics) opportunism; -isto: opportunist; (N.B. ‘opportunity’ is translated by okaziono or oportunajo); Ex.: Okaziono oportuna. Oportuneso di la sokurso. — DEFIS
  • opoz-ar (tr.) to oppose (ulu ad ulo, ulu, ad ulu), to put in opposition to, place (ulo) opposite; -(ad)o: opposition (resistance); -eso: opposition (contrast, state of); -anto, -ero: opponent; -ata, -ita: opposed, opposite (ad); -ant-aro: the opposition; -ato: the opposite; -ar spegulo a la fenestro: to set a glass opposite a window; -ar digo a la torento: to oppose a dike (dyke) to a torrent; -ar du motivi: to put two motives in contrast; la domo opozata: the house opposite. (N.B. the basic idea of this word implies putting in contrast, opposing an obstacle, rather than active opposition, therefore, ‘to oppose’: act in opposition, is translated ordinarily by kombatar, rezistar). — DEFIRS
  • opres-ar (tr., phys., mental, social) to oppress: to lie heavy on; deject, treat with hardship; (cf. charj-egar, pres-egar); Def.: Presar forte (fizike o etikale) kontre ulu. V. exp.: On esas fizike opresata, kande on respiras kun peno; on esas etikale opresata, kande on angoras pro desquieteso, en expekto di trista evento od informo. La richuli opresas la povruli. La konquestiti povas esar opresata da la konquestanti, la laboristi da la patroni, e.c. — EFIS
  • optativ-o (gram.) optative. — DEFIS
  • optik-o (science of) optics; -isto: optician: one skilled in optics (cf. okul-isto). — DEFIRS
  • optim-ismo optimism; -isto, -ista: optimist(ic). — DEFIRS
  • optometri-o optometry. — DEFIRS
  • or (conj.) now, but (in argument). V. exp.: Or expresas ne nur intersequo di du propozicioni, ma induktas nova argumento, plusa premiso, expliko, motivo. Ex.: Or, vua argumento semblas bona, ma ... Omno qua foligas esas veneno; or l’alkoholo foligas; do ... Kande la premiso (motivo) sequas la konkluzo, or vicesas da nam; ex.: L’alkoholo esas venono, nam ol foligas; kp. nam. — FIS
  • or-o gold; -a: (of gold thread, watch, etc.); -ea: golden (of hair, etc.); -oza: full of, rich in gold, auriferous; -min-eyo: gold mine; -izar: to gild, plate (ulo) with gold; -folio, -pelik-ulo: gold leaf; -iz-ita-arjento: silver-gilt; Ora Rivo: Gold Coast. — FIS
  • orakl-o oracle; -atra: oracular (tone, etc.); -ifar: to declare, utter an oracle. — DEFIRS
  • orangutan-o (zool.) orang-outang (Pithecus satyrus). — DEFIS
  • oranj-o orange; -iero: orange tree; -ier-eyo: orange grove: -ea: orange colo(u)red; -o-drink-ajo: orangeade; -ia: Orange River Colony. — DEFIRS
  • orator-o orator (cf. diskurs-isto, parol-isto. — EFIRS
  • oratori-o (mus.) oratorio. — DEFIRS
  • orbit-o (astron.) orbit; (anat.) eye-socket. — EFIRS
  • ord-i (la) (eccl.) holy-orders; -izo: conferring of holy-orders.
  • orden-o (eccl. and knighthood) order; -izar: to knight; -insigno: insignia, badge (of knighthood). — DEFIRS
  • ordin-ar (tr.) to order: put in, reduce to, dispose in, order (cf. rang-izar); -o, -eso: order: regular disposition, methodical arrangement; -ala, -alo: ordinal: indicating order or succession; as, first, second, etc.; -ema: orderly, tidy (person); -em-eso: orderliness; -ita, -oza: ordered, regulated, orderly. — DEFIS
  • ordinac-ar (tr., eccl.) to ordain (a priest, clergyman); (cf. ord-izar). — DEFIS
  • ordinar-a ordinary, common, usual; -e: commonly, ordinarily. Ex.: Vanitato esas kulpo tre ordinara. Ordinara manjajo, homo. Ant.: extraordinara. — EFIS
  • ordinat-o (geom.) ordinate. — DEIS
  • ordonanc-o (milit.) orderly; -oficiro: ordinance officer. Def.: Soldato qua exekutas o transmisas la komandi di oficiro; la ordinanc-oficiro ludas simila rolo apud supera oficiro. — DFIRS
  • oread-o (myth.) oread, mountain nymph. — DEFS
  • orel-o ear, auricle; (fig.) hearing; -ala: auricular; -kovr-ilo, -umo: ear-covering, ear-flap; -ringo: ear-ring; -fingro: little finger; -oza; grand-orela: big-eared; (horses) lop-eared; -kurac-isto: aurist; -zum-ado: buzzing, ringing in the ears; askoltar per omna -i: (fig.) to be all ears, to listen intently; havar -o justa (od, delikata): to have a good (or, delicate) ear (as for music); levar (od, tensar) la -i: to prick up the ears. — EFIS
  • orelion-o (med.) mumps; an infectious inflammation of various glands (cf. parotidito). — F
  • «oremus» oremus, orison, prayer (Let us pray).
  • orfan-a; -o, -ulo, -ino orphan; -ala: relating to orphans; -erio: orphanage, orphan asylum. — EFIS
  • organ-o organ (part of an organized body); (fig.) instrument, means; (cf. orgeno); -ala: organic: relative to organs or organized means; (cf. organika); -izar: to organize: furnish with organs; (cf. aranjar, institucar); -izo, -izeso, -izuro: organization (cf. ordino, konstituciono, organismo); -iz-anto: organizer. Ex.: L’okulo esas l’organo di vidado. Ca jurnalo esas l’organo di demokratio; (fig.) La judiciisto esas la organo di la lego. Organizar ministerio. Organizuro di la homala korpo. Muzikala organizuro. — DEFIRS
  • organdi-o (fabric) organdy. Def.: Speco di muslino. — DEFIS
  • organicism-o (med.) organicism.
  • organik-a (chem.) organic (substances, chemistry, etc.; cf. organ-ala). — DEFIRS
  • organism-o (lit. and fig.) organism. Def.: (lit.) Ensemblo di la organi (la organaro) qui konstitucas ento vivanta. Ex.: Homala organismo. (fig.) Politikala organismo. — DEFIRS
  • organzin-o organzine: a double-thrown silk used in weaving. — DEFI
  • orgen-o (mus.) organ; -(ple)isto: organist; turn- -o: barrel-, hand-organ. — EFIRS
  • orgi-o orgy. — DEFIRS
  • orient-o Orient, the east; -ala: oriental; -ano: an oriental; -al-isto: orientalist; -izar: (pr. and fig.) to orient: place or set toward the east; (fig.) to give the correct aspect, the right direction to; (nav.) to trim (sails); -izar: to adjust one’s bearings toward the east; (fig.) to ascertain one’s position, find out what one is about; -izar ulu en lua studiado: to guide, set someone in the right direction in his studies; esas nefacila orientizar su en la mezo di revoluciono: it is difficult to get one’s bearings, find out one’s true position, in the midst of revolution (cf. esto). — DEFIRS
  • orific-o orifice (cf. apert-uro, boko, truo). — EFIS
  • oriflam-o oriflamme: ancient French banner. — DEFIS
  • origan-o (bot.) origan: a majoram (genus: Origanum). — DEFIS
  • origin-o origin (cf. fonto); -ala: original: relating to origin; not copied; (cf. stranja); -al-eso: originality; -al-ajo: (of things) the original, first copy; -al(ul)o: eccentric person, odd fellow; -e, -ale: originally, primitively; in the beginning, by origin. Ex.: Origino di vorti, di la mondo. Originala edituro, penso, pikturo. La pikturo montras originaleso. Kopiuro konforma a la originalajo. — DEFIRS
  • orikalk-o (met.) orichalk. Def.: Anciena nomo di latuno. — DEFIS
  • orikterop-o aardvark, ant bear, giant anteater. — FI
  • oriol-o (orni.) oriole (European: Oriolus galbula: golden oriole). — EF
  • oripel-o tinsel; Dutch gold. Def.: Dina, oratra folieto, quan on uzas por orizar diversa objekti. V. exp.: Or-pelikulo (E. gold leaf) esas vera oro; oripelo imitas l’oro; (kp. flitro). — FI
  • orjat-o orgeat: an almond syrup. — DEFIS
  • Orkad-i Orkney Islands.
  • orkestr-o orchestra: a part in theater (theatre) nearest the stage; a company of instrumental performers. — DEFIRS
  • orkide-o (bot.) orchid — DEFIRS
  • orl-ar (tr., needle-work) to hem: turn down and sew the edge of (a garment, fabric); -uro: hem; (arch., herald.) orlet, orle; (cf. ri-fald-ar, -uro). — FIS
  • orn-ar (tr.) to adorn, embellish, bedeck (ulo, ulu, per ulo); (cf. dekorar, plu-bel-igar); -o: adorning; -ivo: adornment, ornament (cf. ornamento); -iva: decorative, ornamental. Ex.: La domi esas neta, komoda, ma li ne esas ornita. Ornar parko per statui. (fig.) Ca viri esas ornivi di nia yarcento. — EFIS
  • ornament-o ornament, embellishment; (mus.) grace-note; (cf. orn-ivo); -ala: ornamental; -izar: to ornament, decorate (cf. ornar, dekorar); -o ek diamanti: diamond ornament. — DEFIS
  • ornitologi-o ornithology. — DEFIRS
  • ornitopter-o ornithopter: a flying machine propelled by flapping wings. — DEFIRS
  • orografi-o orography: mountain physiography. — DEFIRS
  • orpiment-o orpiment: arsenic trisulphide. — DEFIS
  • orsel-o (bot.) archil, orchil, orseille.
  • ort-a right (angle); (cf. rekta); -o: a right angle; -e: at a right angle; -angula: orthogonal, rectangular.
  • ortocentr-o (geom.) orthocenter.
  • ortodox-a (rel. and fig.) orthodox; -eso: orthodoxy; -(ul)o: orthodox person. Ant.: heterodoxa. — DEFIRS
  • ortogenez-o (biol.) orthogenesis.
  • ortografi-o orthography (cf. espel-ado); kulpo -ala: mistake in spelling. — DEFIRS
  • ortografik-a (geom.) orthographic. — DEFI
  • ortokrom-a (photog.) orthocromatic.
  • ortolan-o (orni.) ortolan (Emberiza hortulana). — DEFIS
  • ortopedi-o (surg.) orthopedics. Def.: L’arto qua korektigas o preventas deformaji di la korpo. — DEFIRS
  • ortopter-o orthopterous insect. — DEFIS
  • orvet-o orvet: blind-worm, slow-worm (Anguis fragilis). — EF
  • orvietan-o orvietan: a pretended antidote or counter-poison. — DEFIS
  • osifrag-o (orni.) ossifrage, osprey, sea-eagle. (Falco ossifragus). — EFI
  • oskul-ar (tr., intr., geom.) to osculate.
  • osmi-o (chem.) osmium. — DEFIRS
  • osmos-o (physics) osmosis, osmose. — DEFS
  • ost-o bone; -eto: small bone, ossicle; -ala, -oza: osseous, bony; (fig.) large-boned; -aro: bony frame-work (cf. skeleto); -igar: to ossify; -eskar: to become ossified; -if-ado, -esko: ossification; -o-karbono: bone-black; ludar per osteti: to play at knuckle-bones. — EFIS
  • ostensori-o (R.C. rel.) ostensorium, monstrance. — DEFI
  • ostent-ar (tr., intr.) to do a thing out of ostentation, show off, make a show (pri), parade (ulo); (fig.) to swagger; -anta, -oza, -ema: ostentatious. V. exp.: vid. fanfaronar. — EFIS
  • osteologi-o osteology. — DEFIRS
  • osteom-o (med.) osteoma. — DE
  • osteopati-o osteopathy. — DEFIRS
  • osteoplasti-o osteoplasty. — DEFIRS
  • ostit-o (med.) ostitis. — DEF
  • ostr-o oyster; -o-strato, -eyo: oyster-bed; -kultiv(ad)o: oyster culture. — DEFIRS
  • ostracism-o ostracism: banishment (cf. exil-ar). — DEFIRS
  • ostrogot-o Ostrogoth.
  • otalgi-o (med.) otalgia: ear-ache.
  • otari-o otary: eared-seal. Def.: Speco di mar-hundo kun oreli. (Otariidae). — EFI
  • otit-o (med.) otitis; -o-interna: inflammation of the middle-ear. — EF
  • otolit-o (anat., zool.) otolith, ear-stone.
  • otologi-o otology. — DEFIRS
  • otoman-o ottoman. Def.: Speco di divano. — DEFIRS
  • otus-o (vulgara) common owl, long-eared owl (Otus); -o penachet-oza: short-eared owl (Otus brachyotus, Asio accipitrinus, Strix brachyotus, Brachotus palustris). Def.: Noktala ucelo di qua la kapo esas ornita per penacheti quaze ‘oreleti’. — L
  • ov-o egg; -i: eggs; (of fish) roe; -o-shelo: egg-shell; -uyo: egg-cup, -holder; -ajo: an egg preparation; -ifar: to lay eggs; -o (mole o harde o mi-mole) koquita: boiled egg; -o sur plado: fried egg; -o mixita: scrambled egg; -o dispersita: poached egg; -vend-isto: egg-seller; -o-planto: egg-plant (Solanum ovigerum) (cf. berenjeno). — DEFIRS
  • ovacion-ar (tr.) to give an ovation to, to receive in triumph (ulu); -o: ovation. — DEFIRS
  • oval-a, -o oval. — DEFIS
  • ovari-o (anat., bot.) ovary. — DEFIS
  • ovipar-a, -o oviparous (animal). — DEFIS
  • ovul-o (physiol., bot.) ovule; -if(ad)o: ovulation. — EFIS
  • ox-o oxygen (the scientific word; cf. oxigeno); -izar: to oxygenate.
  • oxal-o (bot.) sorrel (genus: Rumex); -at-acido: o. acid; -ato: oxalate, o. salt. — DEFIS
  • oxalik-o (chem.) oxalic.
  • oxid-o (chem.) oxide; -igar: to oxidate: convert into an oxide. — DEFIS
  • oxigen-o oxygen; -izar: oxygenize. V. exp.: Oxigeno esas la ordinara vorto; oxo nur la ciencala vorto, partikulare utila en kemiala terminaro. — DEFIS
  • oxikok-o (berry) cranberry; -iero: cranberry bush (genus: Oxucoccus). — L
  • -oz- denoting: full of, containing, ornamented with, having in itself: por-oza, porous; por-oz-eso, porosity (state); kuraj-oza, courageous; joy-oza, joyous. Note: The difference between -a and -oza: aqua voyo, a water-way (as a canal), aqu-oza voyo, a road full of water (puddles, etc.); (cf. note under -al-).
  • ozier-o (bot.) osier (Salix viminalis); -a korbo: wicker basket. — EF
  • ozon-o (chem.) ozone. — DEFIRS


P

  • pac-ar (intr.) to be at (or, in) peace; -igar: to pacify, appease; -eskar: to make peace (kun); -ifar: to make for peace; -o: peace; -ala: relating to peace; -ema: pacific: who likes peace; -oza: peaceful: which is at peace; -ifanta, -iganta: pacifying; -igo: pacification, peace-making, appeasement; -if-ismo: pacifism; -if-ist-a, -o: pacifist. — DEFIS
  • pachuli-o (perfume) patchouli. — DEFIS
  • pacient-a patient; -eso: patience, calm endurance or waiting, forbearance; -esar: to be patient, have patience, bide one’s time; ludo di -eso: (game) patience. Ex.: Il esas pacienta en doloro. Vartar paciente. La patro pacientesis pri sua filio. — EFIS
  • Pacifik-a, -o Pacific (ocean).
  • Pacifik-o Pacific Ocean.
  • pad-o pad, padding; listing (put around doors and windows to keep out cold); -izar: to pad, stuff (window, etc.); -o-chapelo: porter’s pad (for burdens); padded cap (worn by children); stulo- -o: chair-pad. Def.: Kusen(et)o (generale ronde e kun truo en mezo); polsteraji quin on pozas cirkum la pordi e fenestri por kalfatar l’aperturi. — E
  • padel-o frying-pan, skillet: metal vessel with long handle used for frying. — IS
  • «padishah» (title) padishah.
  • padlok-o padlock; -izar: to padlock, fasten with a padlock. — E
  • paf-ar (tr., intr.) to shoot (with firearms); -o: a shot (fired); -ado: firing, volley; -ilo: a fire-arm; -ajo: a charge, shot (for firing); -lineo: line of fire; -apert-uro: loop-hole; skop-pafado: target-firing. — F
  • Paflagoni-a Paphlagonia.
  • pag-ar (tr., lit. and fig.) to pay (ulu, ulo), to pay for (ulo); -(ad)o: (act) pay, payment; -enda: payable: which must be paid; -anto, -ero: one who pays; -isto: paymaster; -ajo: payment: sum paid; -o-dio: pay day; -o-por dio: a day’s pay; -o-dato, -limito: maturity (of a debt). Ex.: Pagar la domaji, la kusti, la perdo. Pagar la laboristi. (fig.) Pagar sua krimino per la vivo. — EFIS
  • pagan-a -o, -ulo, -ino pagan, heathen; -eso, -ismo: paganism. — DEFIS
  • pagay-o paddle (as for canoe); -agar: (tr., intr.) to paddle. — DFIS
  • pagin-o page (of a book); -igar: (tr., print.) to make up into pages, to folio; numerizar la -i: to number the pages (di); -o-numero: number of page. — DEFIRS
  • pagod-o pagoda. — DEFIRS
  • paj-o page (boy); (at cards) knave, jack. — DEFIRS
  • pak-o bundle, package, parcel; -eto: packet: small bundle; -ego: large bundle, bale; -igar: to bundle up, make (ulo) into a parcel; -ig-o, -uro: packing; -ig-anto, -isto: packer; -eto-posto: parcel post. — DEFIRS
  • paketbot-o packet-boat, mail-packet, liner. — DEFIRS
  • pakiderm-o (zool.) pachyderm. — DEFIS
  • pakotili-o (com., nav.) (seaman’s) venture. Def.: Diversa vari (mikra) quin la maristi daras embarkar sen pagar freto. — DFIS
  • pakt-ar (intr.) to covenant, enter into a compact (kun): (cf. kontratar); li paktis kun Satano kontre me: they entered into a compact with Satan against me; esas -o inter li: there is an agreement between them. — DEFIS
  • pal-a pallid, pale; -ega: ghastly, wan, sallow; -eso: paleness, pallor, wanness; -igar: to cause to turn pale; -eskar: to turn, grow, become pale, to blanch. — EFIS
  • palac-o palace. — DEFIRS
  • palad-o (chem.) palladium. — DEFIRS
  • paladi-o (statue and fig.) palladium. — DEFIRS
  • paladin-o paladin; (fig.) knight-errant. — DEFIRS
  • palankin-o palanquin. — DEFIS
  • palat-o (anat.) palate; -ala: (also gram.) palatal; -alo: (also gram.) palatal (-bone); -velo: velum: soft-palate. — EFIS
  • palaten-o a (count or countess) palatine. — DEFIRS
  • Palateni-o Palatinate.
  • palatin-o fur-tippet (for neck and shoulders). — DFIS
  • paleografi-o paleography; -isto: paleographer. Def.: Arto dechifrar la anciena skriburi. — DEFIRS
  • paleontologi-o paleontology; -isto: paleontologist. — DEFIRS
  • paleozoologi-o paleozoology. — DEFIS
  • Palestin-a Palestine.
  • palestr-o (antiq.) palestra. — DEFIRS
  • palet-o paddle-board (of a paddle-wheel); blade (of an oar). — F
  • pali-o straw (fig.) chaff; -ea: straw-colo(u)red; -o-fasko: truss of straw; -tapiso: straw matting; -o-matraco: straw mattress; -amaso: heap of straw; -izar: to cover with straw. — FIS
  • paliat-ar (tr. med. and gen.) to palliate; mitigate, alleviate, (a disease); to cloak, extenuate (a fault); -iva, -ivo: palliative. Def.: Alejar maladeso o malajo, sen remediar ol komplete; Kalmigar provizore. Ex.: Laudano paliatas kelka dolori. Paliatar eroro. — DEFIRS
  • palimpsest-a, -o palimpsest. (manuscript). — DEFIRS
  • palinodi-o palinode. Def.: Anciena verso en qua la poeto retraktis sua olima opinioni. — DEFIS
  • palis-o stake, pale, picket (as of a fence); -ego: pile, large post; -rango: row of stakes, paling (cf. palisado); -izar: to cover with stakes; to stake out, make with stakes. Def.: Longa peco ek ligno (ofte) akutigita ye un extremajo. — EFIS
  • palisad-o palisade, stockade (paling); (cf. palisaro); -eto: picket (as of a fence) (cf. paliso); -celulo: (biol.) p. cell. Def.: Obstaklo (precipue en militarto) ek serio di pintigita palisi o fosti. Anke uzata por la senco biologiala. — DEFIS
  • palisandr-o Palisander: rosewood. — DEFIRS
  • palium-o (ancient and eccl.) pallium. — DEFIS
  • palm-o (bot.) palm(-branch); (anat.) palm (of hand); -iero: palm tree; -eto: (arch.) palmette: carved palm-leaf ornament; -o-sundio: Palm Sunday. — DEFIRS
  • palmat-a (zool.) palmate: web-footed. — EFIS
  • palmiped-a, -o palmiped. Def.: Speci di uceli quale anadi, cigni, pinguini, qui havas pedi palmata. — EFIS
  • palp-ar (tr.) to feel (about); -(ad)o: feeling (by touch); (med.) palpation ( a method of exploration by touch and pressure); -ebla: palpable, tangible; (fig.) plain, obvious; -ilo: palp(us), feeler, tentacle; -ar su: to feel oneself. Def.: Tushar per la fingri o per altro por explorar. Ex.: Palpar la pulsado (di l’arterii) di ulu. — EFIS
  • palpebr-o eyelid; -agar: (intr.) to wink, blink. — FIS
  • palpit-ar (intr.) to palpitate, throb; (fig.) to tremble, flutter. Ex.: Kande la kordio palpitas, on ne esas mortinta. Palpitar pro pavoro. — DEFIS
  • paltot-o paletot: a loose coat or jacket worn by both sexes, an overcoat (cf. surtuto). — DEFRS
  • palumb-o (orni.) wood-pigeon, ring-dove (of the Pyranees) (Palumbus). — FIS
  • Pamfili-a Pamphylia.
  • pamflet-o pamphlet (N.B. this refers only to a pamphlet on a satirical or strongly controversial subject; cf. broshuro). — DEFIR
  • pampr-o vine-branch (with foliage and fruit). (arch.) pampre.
  • pan-o bread (leavened; cf. azimo); loaf (of b.; du -i: two loaves of bread); -o ne-fresha: stale b.; -o-peco: piece of b.; -igar, -ifar: (tr., intr.) to make, to bake b.; -if-erio: bakery; -o-peceto: small piece of bread, b.crumb (cf. krumo); -eyo: pantry (bread place); panloncho: slice of b. — FIS
  • panace-o panacea, universal remedy. — DEFIRS
  • Panam-a Panama.
  • panaris-o (med.) panaris: whitlow, felon. — EFIS
  • panch-o paunch (of animals); (fig.) belly, paunch (of persons). Def.: La unesma e maxim granda stomako di rumineri. — DEFIS
  • pand-o panda. — DEFIRS
  • pandur-o pandour; (fig.) marauder, brutal man. Def.: Speco di Hungariana soldati. — DEFIRS
  • pane-ar (intr., nav.) to lie to, be hove to; (fig. esp. automobiling) to be in a state of breakdown or halt (occasioned by accident, misfunction, trouble). V. exp.: Panear: esas en paneo. Paneo ne esas simpla halto, nek avario; ol esas halto koaktata pro avario o perturbo, misfunciono; ol esas verto teknikala di navigado, qua divenis vulgara ed internaciona per l’automobilismo. — DFI
  • panegir-o panegyric, encomium, eulogy (cf. laudo-diskurso). — DEFIRS
  • panel-o (arch.) panel, wainscot; (gen.) a flat section of considerable size of a garment, wall or other surface; -aro: waniscotting, panelling (collect.); -izar: to panel, wainscot; -spegulo: pier glass. — DEFR
  • pangenez-o pangenesis. — DEFIS
  • pangolin-o (zool.) pangolin, scaly anteater, (genus: Manis). — DEFIRS
  • pani-o waist-cloth, -clout, loin-cloth (of savages or negroes). — F
  • panik-ar to panic. — DEFIRS
  • panikl-o (anat.) panniculus. — EFIS
  • panikul-o (bot.) panicle. — EFIS
  • pankrac-o (antiq.) pancratium (an athletic contest). — DEFIS
  • pankreat-o (anat.) pancreas; (butch.) sweet-bread; -ala: pancreatic. — EFIS
  • pankreatit-o (med.) pancreatitis. Def.: Inflamuro di la pankreati. — EF
  • panmixi-o (biol.) panmixia. — DEFIS
  • Panoni-a Panonia.
  • panoram-o (lit. anf fig.) panorama. — DEFIRS
  • pans-ar (tr.) to dress (wounds, sores); -ilo: dressing (bandage, etc.). — F
  • panse-o (bot., flower, plant) pansy (Viola tricolor). — DEFIS
  • pantalon-o (long) trousers, a pair of pantaloons (cf. bracho); -fend-uro: t. flap. — EFIRS
  • panteism-o pantheism. — DEFIRS
  • panteist-o, -a pantheist(ic). — DEFIRS
  • panter-o (zool.) panther (Felis pardus). — DEFIRS
  • pantofl-o slipper (for foot). — DFS
  • pantograf-o (instr.) pantograph. — DEFIRS
  • pantometr-o (instr.) pantometer. — DEFIS
  • pantomim-o pantomime, dumb-show. Def.: La pleado di aktoro qua ne parolas e konseque expresas ‘omno’ (panto) per gesti parte konvencionala. — DEFIRS
  • pap-o pope; -ala: papal; -eso: (dignity, office) papacy; -ismo: papism, popery; -isto, -ista: papist; -ig-ebla: eligible to be pope. — DEFIRS
  • papagay-o (orni.) parrot. — DIRS
  • papaver-o (bot.) poppy (genus: Papaver); -eto: red (or, corn-) poppy (Papaver Rhoeas.). — EFIL
  • papay-o (fruit) papaya, papaw; -iero: papaya-tree (Carica Papaya). — DEFIRS
  • paper-o paper; (fig.) paper document, writing); -a: made of p.; -achi: old paper(s), waste p.; absorb-iva -o: blotting-p.; -i afer-ala: business papers; -fabrik-eyo: p. mill; -folio: sheet of p.; -o-bloko: block of p.; -vend-isto: stationer; -if-isto: p. manufacturer; -klovo: thumb-tack (for fastening papers), paper-fastener; -korbo: basket for p.; -korno: p. cone; -kultelo: p.-knife; -pres-ilo: p.-weight; -pasto: papier-mache; -o stri-iz-ita, -line-iz-ita: ruled p.; -o stat-ala: a state paper; -uyo: p. holder, portfolio; sen-skriba -o: blank p. — DEFS
  • papil-o (anat., bot.) papilla. — DEFIS
  • papilion-o (ent.) butterfly; -atra: papilionaceous. — EFL
  • papir-o papyrus; (bot.) paper-rush. Def.: Egiptiana arbusto sur la kortico di qua skribis la antiqua, e ta kortico ipsa. — DEFIRS
  • papl-o pap (for infants); pulp (for making paper); -atra: pulplike, pulpy. — EIS
  • paprik-o Cayenne pepper (Capsicum). N.B. ‘paprika’, the mildly pungent condiment might be translated by dolca pimento, dolca papriko.
  • papul-o papule, (solid) pimple (cf. veruko). V. exp.: Papulo esas normala saliajeto di la pelo o di la mukozi (sur la fingri, sur la lango, e.c.). Pustulo esas tumoreto pusifanta (de qua venas lua nomo) en eruptiva morbi (variolo, skarlatino, e.c.). — EFIS
  • par-a (arith.) even, equal; of equal footing, of a common level; -eso: parity; (fin.) par; -o: a pair, a couple (of animals, or objects of like nature), brace; -igar: to put in two’s, pair, couple, match (by two’s); ye par-eso: at par, on a par, on an equality; super par-a, -eso: above par; tri pari de perdriki: three brace of partridges.
  • par- (used especially with verbal roots) denoting perfection or thorough completion of an action: par-lernar, to learn thoroughly; par-plugar, to plow thoroughly; par-lektar, to read thoroughly or through to the very end; par-facar, to do thoroughly, to complete; par-irar, to go (through) to the end.
  • para- (with substantive roots) denoting protection against, something to ward off: para-fairo, a screen or protection against fire, a fire-guard; para-fulmino, some sort of protection against lightning, a lightning conductor; para-pluvo, a protection against rain, an umbrella; para-vento, a wind-shield.
  • parabol-o (bibl. etc.) parable; (geom.) parabola. — DEFIRS
  • paraboloid-o (geom.) paraboloid. — DEFIS
  • para-cintil-o a protection from sparks; fire-screen.
  • parad-ar (intr.) to parade (as troops, or like troops); Ex.: Trupi paradas tra la stradi. Parado di cirko. Parado-placo, -agro (E. paradeground). — DEFR
  • paradigm-o (gram.) paradigm. — DEFIRS
  • paradiz-o (lit. and fig.) paradise; -ucelo: bird of paradise. Ex.: La paradizo Mohamedala. (fig.) Ca loko esis terala paradizo. — DEFIRS
  • paradox-o paradox; -a, -ala, -atra: paradoxical (statement, opinion, etc.); -em(ul)o: person given to paradox. Def.: Aserto o propoziciono kontre vulgara o komuna opiniono. Ex.: La movado dila tero esis longa-tempe paradoxo. — DEFIRS
  • paraf-o crawled initials. paraph: flourish after a signature; -izar: to put one’s initials to (ulo) with an added flourish; -acho: — DEFI
  • para-fair-o screen or protection from fire; fire-guard, fire-screen.
  • para-fal-o parachute.
  • para-fang-o mud-guard.
  • parafin-o (chem.) paraffin(e). — DEFIRS
  • parafraz-ar (tr.) to paraphrase: freely translate, amplify (a text). V. exp.: Perifrazo esas frazo o frazeto uzata por expresar nedirete to quon on povus expresar per un simpla vorto. Ex.: ‘la flamifanta globo’, vice ‘la suno’. Parafrazo esas quaza traduko di frazo o texto en la sama linguo, por klarigar o developar olu. Ex.: La predikero citas verso ek la Biblio, e pose parafrazas olu. — DEFIRS
  • para-fulmin-o a protection against lightning; a lightning conductor.
  • paragraf-o paragraph. — DEFIRS
  • para-grel-o a protection against hail.
  • Paraguay Paraguay.
  • paralax-o (astron.) parallax. — DEFIRS
  • paralel-a, -o parallel (lines); -eso: parallelism; -a cirklo: (geog.) circle of latitude. — DEFIRS
  • paralelepiped-o (geom.) parallelopiped. — DEFIS
  • paralelogram-o (geom.) parallelogram. — DEFIRS
  • paraliz-ar (tr., lit. and fig.) to paralyse, palsy; render powerless, destroy energy; -esar: to be paralysed, have a paralytic stroke; -aceso: paralytic stroke; -ika, -iko: paralytic (person). Ex.: Pavoro paralizis omna lua fakultati. — DEFIRS
  • paralogism-o paralogism. V. exp.: Paralogismo esas rezonado nekoncie falsa o kande la premisi ne justifikas la dedukturo. Sofismo esas volata paralogismo o mis-rezonado. — DEFIS
  • para-lum-o a shade from light (as a shade for a lamp, a window blind, etc.).
  • parament-o cloth cuff, turned-up end of the sleeve of a coat or gown; (cf. mansheto, ponyeto). Def.: Parto (ek drapo o simila stofo) di la maniko di vesto, qua esas trusita. — FIS
  • parametr-o (geom.) parameter — DEFIS
  • paranimf-o (antiq.) paranymph. — DEFIS
  • paranoy-o paranoia. — DEFIRS
  • parapet-o parapet (-wall); (fort.) breast-work. — DEFIRS
  • paraplasm-o (biol.) paraplasm, paramitome. — DEFIS
  • para-pluv-o anything which protects from rain; an umbrella.
  • parashut-o parachute. — DEFIRS
  • para-sun-o any shade from the sun: a parasol.
  • para-vent-o wind-screen.
  • parazit-a, -ala, -atra (lit. and. fig.) parasitic(al); -o: of men, animals, plants, a parasite; -aro: vermin; -esar: to be a parasite; -eso: parasitism. — DEFIRS
  • parazitologi-o parasitology. — DEFIRS
  • Parc-o (myth.) Parca, one of the three Fates. — DEFIRS
  • parcel-o parcel, patch (of land): clearly defined and divided portion of gound etc.; -igar: to parcel out (ulo); (cf. pak(et)o). — DEFIS
  • pardon-ar (tr.) to forgive, condone, overlook, pardon (ulu, ulo); (cf. indulgar). V. exp.: vid. exkuzar. — EFIS
  • pare-ar (tr.) to parry, ward off (a blow); (cf. shirmar). — DEFIS
  • par-ebri-igar to make (ulu) dead-drunk.
  • parenkim-o (anat., bot.) parenchyma. — DEFIRS
  • parent-a of the same family, related, akin; -o, -ulo, -ino: a relative; (cf. patro); -aro: kinsfolk; -eso: relationship; -igar: to connect by marriage; bone parentigar la pueri: to marry the children into good families; -eskar kun nobelaro: to become connected by marriage with the nobility. — EFIS
  • parentez-o (sign and phrase) parenthesis; -e: in p.; by the way of (cf. incidente). — DEFIS
  • par-fac-ar (tr.) to do (ulo) thoroughly, complete, carry through to the end.
  • par-fend-ar (tr.) to split, cleave (ulo) through, asunder.
  • par-fin-ar (tr.) to finish (ulo) completely, to accomplish, fulfill (cf. plen-igar, real-igar); -o: (a complete, perfect) finish, consummation.
  • parfum-o (substance and odor) pefume, fragrance, agreeable odo(u)r (cf. odorizar); -izar: to perfume; -oza: fragrant (naturally); -iz-ita: perfumed (artificially); -aquo: scented water. — DEFIRS
  • parheli-o (astron.) parhelion. — DEFIS
  • pari-ar (tr.) to bet, lay a wager, stake (ulo, pri ulo); -ar por ulu: to bet on someone; (fig.) to back (the success) of someone; -ar kontre ulu: to bet with (against) someone; -o: bet, wager; -ajo: the stake; -ado mutuala: ‘pari mutual’. Ex.: Me parias 100 fr. kontre 50 fr. Pariar ke kavalo vinkos. — DFR
  • «paria» pariah, outcast.
  • pariet-o wall (serving as partition, as in a room); inner surface (of a vase, tube. etc.); (anat.) coat, wall (as of stomach); -i: walls, coatings; (anat., bot., zool.) paries, parietes; -ala: relating to a wall; parietal; -ala osto, -alo: parietal bone; -izar: to put a wall in; chamber off (ulo); -iz-ita: walled, chambered. — EFIS
  • parietari-o (bot.) wall-pellitory, parietary (genus: Parietaria). — DEFIRS
  • par-ir-ar (intr.) to go through (to end or destination).
  • Paris Paris; -ano: Parisian.
  • park-o park. — DEFIRS
  • par-kur-ar (intr.) to run through (to end or determined place); (fig.) to peruse (a book) quickly, to read cursorily; -o: the running over, passage; -ajo: line taken, road, course (of a river), trip (of auto, etc.); (surg.) course, direction (of a wound).
  • parlament-o parliament; -ano: member of p.; -eyo: house of p. — DEFIRS
  • parlement-ar (intr., milit.) to parley: confer with an enemy; -anto, -ero: negotiator (of terms), bearer of a flag or truce. — DEFIRS
  • parodi-ar (tr.) to parody, burlesque, travesty (ulo, ulu). — DEFIRS
  • parok-o parish priest, rector (cf. pastoro); -ala: priestly; -eso: rectorship, living; -eyo: rectory, parsonage; -io: parish; -i-ala: parish, parochial (church, school, etc.) -i-ano: parishioner. — DEFIS
  • parol-ar (intr.) to speak, talk (pri) (cf. konversar, diskursar); -igar: to cause someone to talk; -a: verbal, oral; -o: speaking, word; -ado: speech, talk; -e: by word of mouth, verbally; -oza, -ema: talkative, vebose, loquacious; -(ach)ad-ar: to be verbose; -talento: gift of speech; -manier-o: elocution (cf. diciono); -yuro: right to speak; -ajileso, rapideso: volubility, fluency; -tubo: speaking trumpet (cf. voco-kondukt-ilo); -ar la Franca (or, -ar France): to speak French; -ar segun la raciono: to talk sense, reason; amikala -i: friendly words. V. exp.: vid. dicar. — FIS
  • parom-o ferry (-boat); -isto: ferryman. — F
  • paronim-o, -a (gram.) paronym(ous). Def.: Vorti di simila formo od etimologio, ma di diferenta signifiki quale: abstraktar, distraktar. — DEFIRS
  • paronomazi-o (rhet.) resemblance between words of different languages.
  • parotid-a, -o (anat.) parotid (gland). — EFIS
  • parotidit-o (med.) parotitis (cf. oreliono). Def.: Inflameso neinfektala di la parotido. — DEFIRS
  • paroxism-o (med. and fig.) paroxysm, fit. — DEFIRS
  • parquet-o parquetry: inlaid flooring; -izar: to parquet (a floor). — DEFR
  • parsek-o parsec. — DEFIRS
  • part-o part, share, portion; part (in games, music, etc.); -igar: to divide into different shares, portions; -o-pren-ar: (tr.) to take a share (in), participate (in); -ig-ebla: divisible into parts or shares; -o-prenanto: sharer, partaker, participant; -ala: partial: affecting a part only, not total. Def.: Un porciono de de dividebla toto. Ex.: Dividar ulo en quar parti. Partoprenar ula afero. — DEFIS
  • Part-a Parthian; -o: a Parthian; -ia: Parthia.
  • partener-o partner (in a dance, in sports); (N.B. not in business; cf asoci-ito). Ant.: adverso. — DEFR
  • partenogenez-o (zool., bot.) parthenogenesis.
  • parti-o party: collection of people for amusement, play, hunting, fishing, etc. — DEFS
  • particion-o (mus.) partition: score. — DEFIRS
  • particip-o (gram.) participle. — DEFIS
  • partikul-o (gram.) particle, a subordinate word never inflected, a preposition, conjunction, interjection; an affix; (phys.) particle: minute portion of matter; (R.C. rel.) particle, fragment of consecrated bread. — DEFIS
  • partikular-a particular, peculiar, special; -eso, -ajo: peculiarity, particularity; -e: particularly, especially, peculiarly; -igar: to particularize, specify (cf. detal-izar); -ismo: (rel., polit.) particularism. Ex.: Planto partikulara ad klimato. Partikulara amiko. Partikularajo (od, singularajo) di parolado esas idiotismo. Partikularigar la mikra detali. Il laboris partikulare (od, specale) bone. V. exp.: Partikulara esas la kontreajo di generala od universala; aparta signifikas quaze separita, izolita, sola;. — DEFIRS
  • partis-o party, a number of persons united against others of contrary opinion; (in a law-suit) litigant, party; -eto: faction; -ano: party member; partisan; -an-eso; em-eso: partisanship; -ala, ema, -ana: party, partisan. — DEFIRS
  • partitiv-a, -o (gram.) partitive. — DEFIS
  • partizan-o partisan, a kind of halberd or pike. — DEFIS
  • parto-pren-ar see parto.
  • partur-ar (tr.) to bear (a child), bring forth, beget, give birth to; to calve, lamb; (fig.) to produce, create; (cf. gravid-igar); -o: childbirth, delivery, confinement, parturition (cf. akusho, genito); -ala: puerperal; -ajo: (of animals) a litter; -int-ino: woman in child-bed; -benediko: churching (of a woman after a childbirth). — EFIS
  • paru-o (orni.) tomtit, titmouse, (genus: Parus). — SL
  • parven-ar (intr.) to arrive (at destination), to attain (one’s aim, fortune, success in life); -into, -int-acho: (fig.) successful person; parvenu, upstart.
  • parvenu-o upstart, parvenu(e). — DEFIR
  • pas-ar (tr., intr.) to pass (tra, super ulo); to pass (one’s life, time, etc.); to pass away; -(ad)o: passing, passage (on land: cf pasajar); -anta, -ema: passing, transitory; -anto, -ero: passer-by, passenger (on land); -inta: past, gone; -into: one who has passed; (fig.) dead, vanished person; -ajo: anything which is passed, gone; -eyo: pass; passage (place); -igar: to cause to pass; to cause or allow (a boat, a vehicle) to pass (cf. preter-pasar); -permiso, -letro: pass: permit for transit; -vorto: password. Ex.: Il pasis avan nia pordo. Pasar de Anglia a Francia. Tempo pasas. Pasar de un temo ad altra. Me preter-pasis lua domo. Pasigez la salo, me pregas! — DEFIS
  • pasabl-a passable, tolerable, middling, fair; -e: tolerably, rather, fairly, passably, pretty, indifferently. Def.: Indikanta grado o valoro meza, la minim alta, quan on povas aceptar o tolerar. Ex.: Ico esas pasabla vino. La teatrajo esis pasable bona. Ta muliero esas pasable bela. Esas pasable varma en ca chambro, ma ne sat varma por mea olda patro. — DEFIS
  • pasaj-ar (intr.) to take passage (on a ship), be a passenger (on ship); to go by sea; -o: passage, crossing; -anto, -ero: passenger (on sea; cf. pas-anto). Ex.: Me pasajis de Calais ad Dover. Me havis bela veturo dum la pasajo. — DEFIRS
  • pasaman-o handrailing. — IS
  • paser-o (orni.) sparrow (Passer). — FIL
  • «pasha» (Turkish title) pasha.
  • pasiflor-o (bot.) passion-flower (genus: Passiflora). — DEFI
  • pasion-o passion: violent emotion; great love or fondness; vehement desire; -oza: passionate, impassioned; -izar, -eskar: (tr., intr.) to impassion. Ex.: Amoro ed odio esas la maxim forta pasioni. Il pasionoze amoris el. La muziko pasionizis me. Me pasioneskis pri muziko (E. I became passionately fond of music). — DEFIS
  • pasiv-a passive; -o: (gram.) passive (voice); (com.) debt (owed) liability; -eso: passiveness. Ant.: aktiva. — DEFIRS
  • pask-o (-festo) Easter, the Passover; -ala: paschal; -ala ovo: an Easter egg; komuniar ye pasko: to receive the sacrament at Easter. — EFIRS
  • pasment-o, -i passement(erie): trimmings of lace, gimp, braid of gold, silver, worsted, etc. for clothes an furniture. — DEFIRS
  • paspel-o edging, welt. Def.: Streta bendo de stofo (generale de diversa kolori), per qua on bordizas ula parti di vesto (kolumo, manchi; specale militistala). — DF
  • pasport-o passport (cf. pas-permiso). — EFIRS
  • past-o paste: any soft composition; (cook.) dough; (tech.) pâte; -atra: pasty, doughy. — DEFIS
  • pastel-o pastel; (colo(u)red) crayon; -piktar: to paint in pastel. — DEFIRS
  • pastern-o pastern (of a horse). — EFI
  • pastet-o pâte: pie, pasty (made of meat or fish); karno- -o: meat pie. — DEFIRS
  • pasteuris-ar (tr.) to pasteurize.
  • pastil-o pastil: aromatic lozenge for breath; a preparation to scent the air. — DEFIRS
  • pastinak-o (bot.) parsnip (Pastinaca sativa). — DIRSL
  • pastor-o pastor, minister, clergyman (cf. paroko); shepherd (of sheep); -ala: (all senses) pastoral; -dramato, -kanto: (poem, drama) a pastoral; -et-ulo: shepherd boy; -bastono: shepherd’s crook. — DEFIRS
  • pastur-ar (tr., intr.) to pasture (animals), graze, browse, feed (off grass while moving); -eyo: (place) pasture; -ajo: (the food) pasturage; -yuro: the right to pasture. — EFIRS
  • pat-ar (tr., intr.) to stalemate (at chess). — DF
  • Patagoni-a Patgonia; -ano: Patagonian.
  • patat-o batata, sweet potato (Ipomoea Batatas). — DEFIRSL
  • patel-o (anat.) patella, kneecap. — EL
  • paten-o (R.C. rel.) paten. — DEFIS
  • patent-o patent (of an invention); -izar: to patent (ulo). — DEFIRS
  • pater-o curtain-peg, -hook. — EFIS
  • «pater (noster)» pater(noster), Lord’s prayer.
  • pater-o (theat.) (Eng.) pit. (U.S.) parquet circle: part of ground floor under balcony. — DFIR
  • patetik-a pathetic, touching; -eso: pathos, patheticness (cf. patoso). — DEFIRS
  • patibul-o gallows (in the form: ⫪ ; cf. jibeto). — IS
  • patin-o patina, green film formed on metals. — DEFIS
  • patogen-a pathogenic.
  • patogenez-o pathogenesis.
  • patologi-o pathology; -isto: pathologist. — DEFIRS
  • patos-o pathos; -acho: bathos, bombast, fustian, rant (cf. patetik-eso). — DEFR
  • patr-o father; -eto: little father, papa; -ala, -atra: paternal, fatherly; -eso: paternity; -ocido: patricide. — EFIS
  • patri-o fatherland, (cf. nasko-lando). — FIS
  • patriark-o (lit.and fig.) patriarch; -eso: patriarchate. — DEFIRS
  • patric-a, -o patrician. — DEFIRS
  • patrimoni-o patrimony, inheritance. — DEFIRS
  • patriot-o patriot; -a, -ala: patriotic; -eso: (quality) patriotism; -ismo: (doctrine taught) patriotism. V. exp.: vid. civismo. — DEFIRS
  • patristik-o (theol.) patristics. V. exp.: Cienco pri la doktrino dil ekleziala patri.
  • patroli-ar (intr.) to go on patrol, go the rounds; -igar: to patrol (ulu). — DEFIRS
  • patrologi-o (theol.) patrology. V. exp.: Cienco pri la verki e la vivo dil ekleziala patri.
  • patron-o (antiq.) patron; (modern) patron, supporter, protector; employer; (eccl.) advowee; patron saint; -eso: patronage: authority or position of a patron; -esar: (tr., intr.) to be a patron (ulu, ulo), to patronize: support (ulu). — DEFIRS
  • pauperism-o pauperism. — DEFRS
  • pauz-ar (intr.) to pause: stop temporarily; (mus.) to make a rest. Ex.: Pauzar dum lektado, dum kantado. Pauzar plurfoye en voyo. — DEFIRS
  • pav-o paving stone, cobble-stone; -aro, -izuro: pavement; -izar: to pave. — EF
  • pavan-o pavan. Def.: Anciena danso (hispana origine). — DEFIS
  • pavilion-o pavilion: a large peaked tent; a building with a tent-like roof; (cf. tendo). — DEFRS
  • paviment-o floor (not storey). — I
  • pavon-o (orni.) peacock (genus: Pavo); -umar: (intr.) to strut (like a peacock), pose. — FIRS
  • pavor-ar (intr.) to be afraid, be in fear, be in a funk; -igar: to frighten (ulu); -eskar: to take fright, begin to be scared; -o: fear, fright; (cf. alarmo, paniko); -oza: fearful; -em-(ul)o: a timid person; sen- -a: intrepid, fearless. V. exp.: Timo esas sentimento intelektala, preske tote intelektala, ofte («me timas ne finor mea laboro»). Pavoro esas instantala sentimento, nereflektata e nerepresebla, ofte tote senmotiva ed absurda (pavor pri araneo, muso, e.c.) «La generalo ne pavoris, ma il timas, ke lua soldati pavoros». Teroro esas tre granda pavoro, qua igas tremar e qua supresas omna reflekto. Hororo esas sentimento di repulseso plu kam pavoro; etimologie ol signifikas heriso (di la hari e pili). Angoro esas propre fiziologial sento di konstrikto di la fauco e di quaza sufoko, pro desquieteso o pasionoza expekto. — FIS
  • paz-ar (intr.) to take steps, to stride, step (out), stalk (along); -etar: to trip along, take short steps; -o: step, pace, gait; -o granda: stride; -ope: step by step; -i silenc-oza: soft or stealthy steps; -o rapida: (milit.) quick time, quick march; trans-, super-pazar: to stride across, step over, straddle; -o kont-ilo: pedometer (cf. hodometro). — EFIS
  • pazigrafi-o pasigraphy. Def.: Irga sistemo di universala skribado, qua uzas signi, partikulare matematikala simboli, por reprezentar idei, ne vorti. — DEFIS
  • pean-o pean, pæan. Def.: Himno o kanto por honorizar ulu, ulo; militala kanto; vinkala kanto. — DEF
  • pec-o piece; lump (of sugar, of beef, etc.); (cf. fragmento, parto, porciono); -eto: morsel, small bit; -(et)igar: to break, cut, tear (ulo) into pieces; to crumble; -eskar: to fall to pieces; -et-eskar: to crumble; -ope: piece by piece, bit by bit, piecemeal; -i omnaspeca, -i diversa: odds and ends; -o pren-ebla: (in checkers, etc.) a piece which can be taken; un-pece: in one piece; monet-peco: a piece of money; -i de rupt-ita vazo: pieces of a broken vase. V. exp.: Peco signifikas: ‘parto di kontinua toto, qua konstitucas ipse unajo o toto; qua havas ula propra uneso’ (on pensez pri la peci di mashino). Do on povas bone parolar pri peco de drapo, pri monet-peco; e konseque pri parto di peco. Ne esas tre utila parolar pri pan-peco, fromajo-peco: suficas dicar pano, fromajo. — EFIS
  • «peccavi» peccavi (L. I have sinned).
  • pech-o pitch; -oza: pitchy; -atra: sticky; -izar: to pitch, cover with pitch. — DEFIRS
  • ped-o (anat. and fig.) foot; (of animals) paw; (of verse) foot; -ala: pedal, relating to the foot; -alo: (tech.) pedal; treadle; foot-board; -al-agar: (intr.) to pedal, work the pedal (of a bicycle, organ, etc.); -o-balno: foot-bath; -but-ar: to stumble; -frapar: (tr.) to kick (cf. kikar); -fingro: a toe; -irar: (intr.) to go on foot; -ir-ante: on foot; -irala, ir-anto, -ero: pedestrian; -kolo: instep; -o-kurac-ado: chiropody; -soldato: foot-soldier, infantryman; -vest-izar: to put boots, shoes, stockings on (ulu); -o-tabureto: foot-stool; marchar pe quar -i: to go on all fours; sen- -a: apodal, footless. — DEFIRS
  • pedagog-o pedagogue. — DEFIRS
  • pedagogi-o pedagogy. — DEFIRS
  • pedant-o pedant; -ino: (fig.) blue-stocking. — DEFIRS
  • pederast-o pederast. — DEFIRS
  • pediatri-o paediatrics. — DEFIRS
  • pedikul-o (bot., anat.) pedicel, stipe, stem, stalk. — EFIS
  • pedikulos-o pediculosis: a lousy state. — DEFIS
  • pedunkl-o (bot., zool., anat.) peduncle. — EFIS
  • peg-o (orni.) woodpecker (Picus).
  • pegaz-o (myth., astron.) Pegasus. — DEFIRS
  • peizaj-o (natural, artistic) landscape, scenery; -isto: landscape painter. — FIRS
  • pejorativ-a, -o pejorative, depreciative (word). — DEFI
  • pek-ar (intr.) to sin; (fig.) to transgress, offend; -o: sin (original, mortal, venial) ; -eto: slight offense, peccadillo; -oza: sinful, wicked; -o-konfeso: confession of sin; -anta, -ema, -iva: sinning peccable; -o-kapr(ul)o: scapegoat. Ex.: Pekar kontre la imperi di Deo. (fig.) Pekar kontre la komuna raciono. — EFIS
  • pekari-o (zool.) peccary (Dicotyles torquartus). — DEFIS
  • pekin-o (fabric) pekin.
  • pekt-ar (tr.) to comb (the hair); to card (wool, etc.); -ilo: a comb; -isto: comber, carder (in a factory); -o-hari, -rezidui: combings. — FIS
  • pektin-o (chem.) pectin. — DEFIRS
  • pektor-o chest, breast (cf. mamo, pulmono, sino); -ala: pectoral; -alo: (anat.) pectoral muscle; pectoral, any breast object; -vesto: (of women) bodice. — EFIS
  • pektos-o (chem.) pectose. — DEFIRS
  • pekuni-o (ready) money, cash; -ala: pecuniary; -o-quanto: sum of money; (cf. moneto). — DEFIRS
  • pel-o skin, hide (on the body; cf. felo); -ala: relating to the skin, hide; cutaneous (cf. epiderm-ala); sen- -igar: to skin. — DFIS
  • pelagik-a pelagic. — DEFIS
  • pelagr-o (med.) pellagra. — DEFIS
  • pelargoni-o (bot.) pelargonium. — DEFIS
  • pelerin-o pelerine, a kind of cape, tippet worn by ladies. — DEFIR
  • pelikan-o (orni.) pelican (genus: Pelicanus). — DEFIRS
  • pelikul-o pellicle. — EFIS
  • pelis-o (garment) pelisse. — EFIS
  • pelmel-o pell-mell, hurly-burly, hubbub, jumbled mass, medley, litter; -e: helter-skelter. — EF
  • pelori-o (biol.) peloria. — DEFIS
  • pelot-o ball (formed of thread, silk, etc. wound round); -igar: to make (ulo) into a ball; to wind. Def.: Bulo ek filo volvita. — FS
  • peloton-o (milit.) platoon. — DEFIS
  • pelv-o (anat.) pelvis. — EFIS
  • pemikan-o pemmican. — DEFIS
  • pen-ar (intr.) to take the trouble (to do something or to do something difficult of execution), to take pains; (cf. esforcar); -igar: to put (ulu) to trouble (to do something); -i: pains (taken); -e: with difficulty; -ege, per granda peno: with great trouble, with much difficulty; to ne valoras la peno: that is not worth the trouble; me penas facar ca laboro: I take pains in doing this work. — EFIS
  • penach-o panache, a plume or bunch of feathers, as on a helmet. — EFIS
  • penat-i (antiq.) penates, household gods. — DEFIRS
  • pend-ar (tr., intr.) to hang (up or down), suspend, dangle; -igar: to cause (ulu, ulo) to be hanged or hung; -ajo, -peco: something hung; pendant; -anto, -ero: one who hangs; a hangman; -inda: worthy of hanging. Ex.: La frukti pendas de la abori. Pendar animalo per la pedi. La judiciisto pendigas la trahizinti (E. the judge caused the traitors to be hung). Juvelo pendanta. — EFS
  • pendentiv-o (arch.) pendentive. — DEF
  • pendul-o pendulum; -horlojo: pendulum clock. — DEFIRS
  • penetr-ar (tr., intr.; lit. and fig.) to penetrate, pierce (cf. perforar, borar); -igar: to cause (ulo) to penetrate (en ulo); -anta, -iva, -ema: penetrating, piercing (fig.) sagacious, acute, keen; -em-eso: acuteness, shrewdness. Ex.: La kuglo penetris la korpo. (fig.) La trupi penetris la lando. La penso penetris lua mento. Penetranta okuli. Penetrema mento. — DEFIS
  • peninsul-o peninsula. — DEFIS
  • penis-o penis. — DEFIS
  • penitenc-ar (intr.) to do penance; (cf. repentar); -o, -eso: penance, penitence. — EFIS
  • pens-ar (tr., intr.) to think; -o, -ado: a thought, thinking, cogitation; -ema: thoughtful, pensive; -eskar: to have an idea; (cf. meditar, reflektar, rezonar, intelektar, imaginar, konceptar, memorar, sonjar, revar, kredar, judikar, opinionar). Def.: Formacar ideo pri ulu, ulo. Ex.: Me pensis (pri) ulo quo povas helpar vu. La homo qua pensas povas esar la mastro di qui ne pensas. Pensez ante ke vu facos to. — EFIS
  • pension-ar (tr.) to pension (soldiers, etc.) to pay a regular stipulated sum for board and lodging; -o: regular payment, board and lodging, regular charge. Def.: Pagar reguloze ula sumo por manteno. V. exp.: Pensiono esas sumo quan ulu pagas o recevas reguloze por lua manteno. Ica senco kontenas ta di pensiono (1) di oficero od oficisto en retreto; ol kontenas anke ta di la pensiono (2) di skolano ‘interna’, qua lojas e nutresas en edukerio, e ta di la pensiono (3) di gasto di hotelo, qua anke lojas e nutresas, o nur nutresas. Takaze ta qua recevas pensiono (1) esus pension-ato, -ario; qua pagas pension (2) o (3) esas pension-anto, -ero; la loko ipsa esas pension-eyo, -erio;. — DEFIRS
  • pent-o (downward) slope, incline, gradient, pitch, declivity; -a, -e: (downward) sloping, shelving. V. exp.: Rampo e pento esas esence sama, ma pento esas la inklinajo de supre ad infre, e rampo la sinso de infre ad supre; rampo acensas, pento decensas. — FIS
  • pentaedr-o (geom.) pentagedron. — DEFIS
  • pentagon-o (geom.) pentagon. — DEFIS
  • pentagram-o (geom.) pentagram. — DEF
  • pentametr-o (verse) pentameter. — DEFIRS
  • pentark-o pentarchos, one of five rulers; quinquivir. — DEFIRS
  • pentatl-o (antiq.) pentathlon. — DEFIS
  • pentekost-o Pentecost, Whitsunday. — EFIS
  • pen-valor-ar (intr.) to be worth while.
  • peoni-o (bot.) peony (genus: Pæonia). — DEFIS
  • pepit-o (min.) nugget (especially of silver or gold). — DFIS
  • pepsin-o (chem. pharm.) pepsin. — DEFIRS
  • peptid-o peptide. — DEFIRS
  • pepton-o (physiol. chem.) peptone. — DEFIRS
  • per-o peer (nobleman); -ino: peeress; -eso: peerage (rank or dignity); -aro: peerage (collect.); -o-chambro: Chamber of peers; (Eng.) House of Lords. — DEFIRS
  • per (prep.) by means of, through the help of, by, with (marks, instrument, means); (arith.) multiplied by (the sign); (cf. da); per ke: through the fact that. Ex.: Pruvar per exempli. Trapikar per poniardo. Sendar letro per posto. La substantivi finas per ‘o’ en la singularo. Lu sucesis vinkar, per ke lu uzis ruzo. Quar per du facas ok. — EFIS
  • percept-ar (tr.) to perceive: to receive impressions of external objects; to feel; discern; -(ad)o: perception; -iva: perceptive (faculty, etc.); -ebla: perceptible; ne- ebla: imperceptible. Def.: Komprenar per la sensi. Ex.: Perceptar ula bruiso. Materiaji esas sole perceptebla. — DEFIS
  • perch-ar (intr.) to perch; to roost (sur); -ilo: a roost; -eyo: perching place; (fig.) upper gallery in a theater (theatre). V.: exp.: Perchar aplikesas, ne nur a hani, ma ad omnaspeca uceli, e mem metafore ad animali e homi. — EFS
  • perd-ar (tr.) to lose (cf. egarar); -esar: to be lost, be a loser; -o: loss; -ajo: what is lost; -e vendar: to sell at a loss. Def.: Cesar havar to quon on posedis o proprietis. Ex.: Perdar sua burso, fundo, voyo, raciono, parento. Ant.: ganar. — FIS
  • perdrik-o (orni.) partridge; -yuno: a young partridge. — FIS
  • peren-a perennial. Def.: Qua duras plura yari. — DEFIS
  • perfekt-o (gram.) perfect. — DEFIS
  • perfekt-a perfect (cf. bon-ega, ecel-anta); -eso: perfection; -e: perfectly (cf. komplete, tote); -igar: to perfect, bring to perfection; -ig-ebla: perfectible. Def.: Qua havas omna sua qualesi sen inter-mixuro di defekti. Ex.: Perfekta baleso, vino, homo, boneso. — DEFIS
  • perfid-a, -(ulo) perfidious, felonious, false-hearted, treacherous (person); -ajo: act of perfidy. Ant.: loyala. — DEFIS
  • perfor-ar (tr.) to perforate, pierce through; (cf. borar, penetrar). Def.: Truifar sen rotaco. Ex.: Kuglo perforas korpo, muro. — DEFIS
  • pergamen-a, -o parchment; -atra: parchmentlike, pergamentaceous. — DEFIRS
  • periant-o (bot.) perianth. — DEFIS
  • periferi-o periphery, circumference. — DEFIRS
  • perifraz-ar (tr.) to periphrase; express in a roundabout way, by circumlocution. V. exp.: vid.: parafrazo. Exp.: ‘La rejo dil uceli’ esas perifrazo por l’aglo. — DEFIRS
  • perige-o (astron.) perigree. Ant.: apogeo. — DEFIRS
  • periheli-o (astron.) perihelion. — DEFIS
  • perikardi-o (anat.) pericardium. — DEFIS
  • perikarp-o (bot.) pericarp, seed-vessel. — DEFIS
  • perimetr-o perimeter. — DEFIRS
  • perine-o (anat.) perineum. — DEFIS
  • period-o (astron., chron.) period: term, portion of time (cf. ciklo, punto); -ala, -oza: periodical; -al-eso, -oz-eso: periodicity. — DEFIRS
  • periost-o (anat.) periosteum. — DEFIS
  • periostit-o (med.) periostitis. — DEFIS
  • peripatetik-a, -o peripatetic, Aristotelian. (N.B. not fig.). — DEFIRS
  • peripeci-o peripetia, sudden turn of fortune, vicissitude; (theat.) denouement. — DEFIRS
  • peripl-o (ancient geog.) periplus (a sailing round). Def.: Historiala nomo di ula specala cirkumnavigi, e naraco di li. — DEFIS
  • peris-ar (intr.) to perish: die; be destroyed, ruined; -iva, -ema: perishable. Ex.: Mili di soldati perisis en ta batalio. (fig.) Lua nomo ne povos perisar. Flori perisas. — EFIS
  • periskop-o periscope. — DEFIS
  • peristalt-a (physiol.) peristaltic. — DEFIS
  • peristil-o (arch.) peristyle. — DEFIRS
  • peritone-o (anat.) peritoneum. — EFIS
  • peritonit-o (med.) peritonitis. — EFIS
  • perjur-ar (intr.) to perjure: violate one’s oath, (fig.) to break one’s word. Def.: Violacar promiso facita per juro. — EFIS
  • perk-o (ich.) perch (genus: Perca). — EFIS
  • perkal-o (fabric) percale. — DEFIRS
  • perkalin-o (fabric) percaline. — DEFIRS
  • perkut-ar (tr., also med.) to percuss; -o: percussion: shock of one body against another; -ilo, instrumento: instrument of percussion; (of guns) hammer, bolt (which sets off the cartridge). Def.: Frapar forte. Ex.: La perkutilo perkutas la amorcilo. La cimbalisto perkutas la cimbali. La mediko exploras per perkutado. — DEFIS
  • perl-o pearl; artific-ala, falsa- -o: imitation pearl; vera -o: a real pearl; prizentar perli a porki: (fig.) to cast pearls before swine; -if-anta: pearl-bearing. — DEFIS
  • perlomatr-a, -o mother-of-pearl. — DEFIRS
  • permaloy-o permalloy. — DEFIRS
  • perman-ar (intr.) to be permanent; -o, -ant-eso: permanence; -anta armeo: standing army. — DEFIRS
  • perme-ar (tr.) to permeate, pervade; -ebl-igar: to render (ulo) permeable. Ex.: L’aquo permeas sulo. L’odoro permeas l’aero. — EFIS
  • permis-ar (tr.) to permit, allow, give leave to, authorize, give license to; (N.B. This verb is transitive in relation to the thing, but intransitive relative to the person). -o: permission, consent; -o-atesto: written authorization, a permit (cf. konjedo, licenco); -o parola: verbal permission; -ario: one granted a permit; -ez a me: allow me! may I be permitted! Def.: Donar libereso o yuro facar, dicar (ulo ad ulu). Ex.: Ka vu permisas ke me apertas la fenestro? Esas permisata a vu promenar en ca gardeno. — EFIS
  • permut-ar (tr.) to transpose, interchange, permute; -ite: vice versa. V. exp.: Permutar esas chanjar l’ordino di plura kozi, qui duras formacar kolekturo. Me chanjas mea vesti kande me desmetas uli e metas altri. Ma me permutas li, kande (sen metar li) me chanjas lia ordino en mea vesteyo. Kande on mixas ludkarti qui restas sempre sama, on facas nur permuti; on chanjas li kande on prenas altra paketo de karti vice l’unesma. — EFIS
  • peron-o perron, an out-of-door flight of steps; outside stair-case; front-door steps. — EFR
  • perone-o (anat.) perone, fibula, small bone of the leg. — EFS
  • peronospor-o peronospora: a genus of fungi.
  • peroracion-o (rhet.) peroration. Ant.: exordio. Def.: Lasta parto, konkluzo di diskurso. — DEFIS
  • peroxid-o peroxide. — DEFIRS
  • perpendikl-a perpendicular. — DEFIRS
  • perpetu-a perpetual, forever; (fig.) for life; -e: everlastingly; -eso: perpetuity; -igar: to perpetuate. Def.: Kontinua, qua ne cesas. Ex.: Perpetua fairo brulis sur la altaro di Vesta. Perpetua movado. Perpetua exilo. — DEFIS
  • perplex-a perplexed, puzzled; -eso: perplexity: embarrassment of mind; irresolution. Ex.: Perplexa pro desfacilaji neprevidita. Situeso perplexigiva. V. exp.: Perplexa expresas nociono komplexa, quaze meza inter embarasata e nequieta (kun nuanco di hezito). — DEFIS
  • perquizit-ar (tr.) to make (legal) search, inquiry (pri ulu, ulo); -o: perquisition; search; -o mandato: search-warrant. Def.: (Perquizito) Legala, judiciista serchado; figurale, tre severa ed exakta serchado, generale malvolanta o suspektema. Ex.: Perquizitar apartamento di persono suspektinda. — DEFIS
  • Pers-a Persian; -o: a Persian; -ia: Persia.
  • persekut-ar (tr.) to persecute: harass unjustly; (fig.) to importune, annoy. V. exp.: Persequar esas: proxime sequar persiste, por atingar ulu od obtenar ulo. Ex.: Persequar furtisto. Persequar cervo en chaso. Persequar la glorio, la plezuro, la suceso. Persequar ulu avan tribunalo. Persekutar esas: kruele traktar ulu persiste. Ex.: La mali persekutas la boni, pro ke li odias lo bona. La Kristani persekutesis dum la unesma yarcenti di l’eklezio. — EFIS
  • persequ-ar (tr.) to pursue (with a view to overtake); (jur.) to prosecute; -esar (da): to be pursued, prosecuted (by); -eskar: to start pursuit; to indict, sue. V. exp.: vid. persekutar. — EFIS
  • persever-ar (intr.) to persevere, pursue steadfastly: continue on a given course, esp. in the face of discouragement, obstacles; (cf. persistar). Ex.: Perseverar en ula entraprezo. Il esas persever-anta, -ema homo. — EFIS
  • persien-o persienne, (outside) Venetian shutter; the ordinary outside window-blinds with movable slats; (cf. jelozio). — DEFI
  • persik-o (fruit) a peach; -iero: peach tree (Amygdalus persica); -kerno: peach-stone; -liquoro: a persicot (a cordial). — DRL
  • persikari-o (bot.) persicaria, lady’s thumb (Polygonum persicaria). — EFIS
  • persist-ar (intr.) to persist: hold firm, continue steadfast (en, pri) (cf. perseverar). Ex.: La testo persistas negar. Il persistas en sua opiniono. Persistanta morbo. Persistema homo. V. exp.: vid. insistar. — EFIS
  • person-o person (man, woman, child); (theol., gram.) person; (cf. individuo); -ala: personal; -aro: personnel; -eso: personality, individuality: quality of being a person; -al-eso: quality of being personal (to someone); -al-ajo: personal peculiarity; personal remark; -e, -ale: in person, personally, in a personal manner; -ego: personage: a great person or person of distinction; -igar: to personify (ulo); -o-spegulo: cheval-glass: a full-length dressing-glass. — DEFIRS
  • perspektiv-a, -o perspective; -e: in perspective, in the distance. Ex.: Lineala perpektivo. Desegnuro perspektiva. — DEFIRS
  • persuad-ar (tr.) to persuade (ulu pri ulo, su); -o, -eso: persuading, persuasion, conviction; -iva, -ema: persuasive. Ex.: Il persuadis me venar. Me esas persuadita ke ... — EFIS
  • perturb-ar (tr., astron., social) to perturb, trouble, unsettle, throw into disorder; -anta, -iva: perturbing, disturbing. Ex.: Perturbo di la mento. Perturbi sociala, financala. — DEFIRS
  • Peru Peru; -ano: Peruvian.
  • peruch-o (orni.) parrakeet, parroquet. — FI
  • peruk-o wig, periwig, peruke; -isto: wig-maker. Def.: Kuafuro de falsa hararo. — DEFIRS
  • pervers-a perverse, obstinate in the wrong, wayward, depraved; -igar: to pervert. Def.: Qua havas nenormala o kontreetika tendenci (o gusto). — DEFIS
  • pervink-o (bot.) periwinkle (genus: Vinca). — EFS
  • pesari-o (surg.) pessary. — DEFIS
  • pesim-ismo pessimism; -isto, -a: pessimist(ic). — DEFIRS
  • pesk-ar (intr.) to fish, angle (por, per, ek); (tr.) to draw (ulo) out of the water, to catch (also refers to coral fishing, pearl fishing, etc.); -ala: piscatorial; -anto, -ero, -isto: fisher; -o-batelo: fishing-boat; -ajo: the catch (cf. fisho); -eyo: fishing-place, -ground; -ilo: a fishing instrument (rod, line, etc.); -bastono: fishing-rod; -yuro: licence, right to fish. Ex.: Peskar karpo. — EFIS
  • pest-o pestilence, pest, plague (cf. kontagio); (fig.) bane, scourge; -ala, -oza: pestiferous, pestilential; -iko, -ika: (person) infected; -izar: to infect; -iz-anta: pestilential, infectious, contageous; bubon- -o: bubonic plague; la pesto kaptez lu: may the plague take him. — DEFIS
  • petal-o (bot.) petal; sen- -a: apetalous. — EFIS
  • petard-o (mil.) petard; -eto: firecracker. — DEFIRS
  • peticion-ar (intr.) to petition: present a petition (ad ulu); -o, -ado: petition: written request; petitioning. — DEFIRS
  • petiol-o (bot.) petiole: leafstalk. — EFIS
  • petonkl-o (zool.) scallop: a shell-fish (genus: Pectunculus). — FI
  • petr-o stone (as a material substance; cf. roko, stono); -a: stony: (made) of stone; -oza: stony: full of stone; -epoko: stone age; -o-tali-isto: stone-cutter; -igar: to petrify; -izar: to cover with stone; -o-min-isto: quarryman; -o kruda: rough stone, quarry stone; -o-rupt-ilo: stone breaker; -o-konio: keystone; -o-plako: flagstone.
  • petrel-o (orni.) stormy petrel; Mother Carey’s chicken (Procellaria pelagica). — EFS
  • petris-ar (tr.) to knead: work into a uniform mass (dough, etc.). — F
  • petrografi-o petrography. — DEFIRS
  • petrol-o petroleum, rock-oil; (cf. benzino, keroseno, gazolino). — DEFIRS
  • petrologi-o petrology. — DEFS
  • petrosel-o (bot.) parsley (genus: Petroselinum sativum). — DRL
  • petul-ar (intr.) to be frisky, impetuous, boisterous, turbulent, unruly.
  • petuni-o (bot.) petunia (genus: Petunia). — DEFIS
  • pez-ar (intr.) to weigh (dek grami, e.c.) (cf. grav-esar, ponderar); -o: weight; -ajo: a heavy object; weight for weighing; -anta, -oza: heavy, weighty, ponderous; -o kun-tara: gross weight; -o neta: net weight; super- -o, pez-eceso: excess weight; -o viv-anta: live weight; -o ampla: good weight; -ajo falsa: a light weight (for weighing); po lua pezo ek oro: at its weight in gold; (fig.) extremely dear. — FIS
  • «pfennig» (German money) pfennig.
  • «pfund» (weight) pound: one-half kilogram; 1.1 pound.
  • pi-a pious, devout, godly; -eso: piety, devoutness (cf. devoco); -acho: a bigot. Def.: Qua reverencas Deo. — EFIS
  • piaf-ar (intr., of horses) to make a piaffer, to paw the ground. — DEFS
  • piamatr-o (anat.) pia mater.
  • pian-o piano, pianoforte; -pliar: (intr.) to play the piano; -o vertikala: upright piano; -o horizontala: grand-piano. — DEFIRS
  • pice-o (bot.) silver-leaved (spruce) fir (Picea excelsa). — FIL
  • *pich-o cock, penis.
  • pichpin-o (wood) pitch-pine. — DEFIR
  • piedestal-o pedestal (of a column, statue, vase, etc.); -eto: piedouche: small pedestal supporting a bust, etc. — DEFIRS
  • Piemont Piedmont; -ano: Piedmontese.
  • pietism-o (ch. hist.) pietism. — DEFIRS
  • pietist-o (ch. hist.) pietist. — DEFIRS
  • pig-o (orni.) magpie (genus: Pica); -ea: black and white colo(u)red. — IS
  • pigarg-o (orni.) pygarg, hen-harrier, -harm (Circus pygarus). — EF
  • pigme-o pigmy, dwarf; (fig.) a person without talent, or merit, or power. — DEFIRS
  • pigment-o (natural, physiol.) pigment (cf. farbo). Def.: Materio naturale koloroza, qua donas koloro ad altra kozi. Ex.: Okulala, harala, pelala pigmento. — DEFIRS
  • pijam-o pyjamas. — DEFIRS
  • pik-ar (tr., lit. and fig.) to prick; prod, goad, puncture; sting; -etar: to peck at; strike with the beak; -(ad)o: prick, prodding; -uro: a prick, puncture; sting (of insects); -anta, -ema: prickly, stinging, piquant, pungent; biting, piercing, sharp, nipping (of cold, liquids, words, etc.); -ilo: a pricking instrument; -bastono: a goad (as for oxen). Ex.: Pikar sua fingro. Pikar bovulo, kavalo, papero. Vorti pikanta. Pikanta mustardo. — DEFS
  • pikador-o picador. — DEFIRS
  • Pikardi-a Picardy.
  • pike-o (fabric) pique. — DEFIS
  • piket-o (mil.) picket; (card game) piquet. — DEFIRS
  • pikl-o something preserved in spice (cf. spico); -aji: pickles: vegetables, fruit or other food preserved in spice or vinegar pickle and used as a condiment; -o-sauco: ravigote: a sharp sauce.
  • piknik-ar (intr.) to picnic. — DEFRS
  • pikon-o oko o harda materii (ex. makadamo). La (one-pointed) pick, pickaxe (cf. piocho). Def.: Instrumento por exkavar roko o harda materii (ex. makadamo). La fera parto esas karakterizita per un pinto perpendikla a la mancho.
  • pikt-ar (tr.) to paint (pictures in oil or water colo(u)rs); (cf. indutar, farb-izar); -(ad)o, -uro: painting, picture; -inda, -ur-atra: pictureque. — FIS
  • pikverd-o (orni.) popinjay; green woodpecker (Picus viridis). — FIS
  • pil-o (of animals, also bot.) hair, bristle; (of persons) hair of all parts of body except top of head; (cf. haro); (of sheep, camels, etc.) wool; (of cloth, of hats) nap; -aro: (of one object) coat; -ala: relating to h.; -oza: hairy, shaggy, pilose; -o-bulbo: h. bulb, h. root; sen-pil-igar: to depilate; sen-pil-igivo: depilatory (substance); long-pila hundo: long-haired dog; reza-pila: short-haired. — EFIS
  • pilastr-o (arch.) pilaster, square column. — DEFIRS
  • pilgrim-ar (intr.) to go on a pilgrimage. — DEFIR
  • pili-o (elec.) pile, primary cell. Ex.: La pilio di Volta. — DEF
  • pilon-o (Egyp. arch.) pylon. — DEFIRS
  • pilor-o (anat.) pylorus. — EFIS
  • pilori-o pillory; -agar: to pillory, put (ulu) in a pillory. — EF
  • pilot-ar (tr.) to pilot. — DEFIS
  • pilul-o (pharm.) pill — DEFIRS
  • piment-o pimento, allspice. — DEFIS
  • pimpinel-o (bot.) pimpernell (genus: Pimpinella).
  • pin-o (bot.) pine-tree (genus: Pinus); -kono, -frukto: pine-cone. — EFIS
  • pinakl-o (arch.) pinnacle. — DEFIS
  • pinastr-o (bot.) pinaster, the cluster pine (Pinus pinaster). — EFIS
  • pinc-o nippers (without hinges); claw (of crabs, etc.); -eto: (surg.) forceps; tweezers; -ego: (fire-) tongs; clamp; sukro- -o: sugar-tongs. V. exp.: Tenalio esas utensilo kompozita de du peci ligita per charniro. Pinco esas utensilo sen charniro (la du peci o parti esas unionita per resorto o flezebla parto). — DEFIRS
  • pinch-ar (tr.) to pinch, nip (ulu, ulo); -uro: the mark of a pinch (as on the skin). — EF
  • pineal-a (glando) (anat.) pineal (gland). — DEFIS
  • pingl-o pin; -agar: to pin (ulo); -o-pikar: to prick (ulo, ulu) with a pin; -if-erio: pin-making establishment; -o-kuseno: pin-cushion. Def.: Mikra metal-filo akutigita por unionar kozi; ornamento en formo di pinglo, kun kapo ornita. — EF
  • pinguin-o (orni.) penguin (genus: Aptenodytes). — DEFIRS
  • pini-o (bot.) nut-, stone-pine (Pinus Pinea). — DF
  • pinion-o pinion: small cog-wheel geared to a larger wheel. — EFS
  • pinsel-o (artist’s or painter’s brush; -stroko, -ago: a stroke of the brush. — DFS
  • pint-o point, sharp end; -a, -atra: pointed, sharp, peaked, tapering; -oza: barbed; -igar, -izar: to put a point on (ulo); sen- -igar: to blunt, remove the point from; -o-frapar: to thrust, stab, lunge; -o di flogilo: whip-lash. — EFIS
  • pintad-o (orni.) pintado: guinea-fowl, -hen (Numida meleagris). — EFS
  • pioch-o (double-ended) pickaxe; mattock; (cf. pikono); -agar: to dig (ulo) with a pickaxe. Def.: Instrumento por exkavar harda materii, di qua la fera parto havas du extremaji opozita (relate la mancho). — F
  • pion-o (at chess) pawn; (at draughts) man. — FS
  • pionir-o (lit. and fig.) pioneer. — DEFIR
  • pip-o (tobacco-) pipe; (cf. tubo). — EFIS
  • pipet-o (chem.) pipette: tube to transfer liquids; dropping tube. — DEFI
  • pipi-ar (intr., of birds) to chirp. — DFS
  • pipit-o pipit. — DEFIS
  • pipr-o pepper (cf. papriko); -uyo, -buxo: pepperholder, pepper-box; -iz-ilo: pepper-shaker; — EFI
  • pips-ar (intr.) to have the pip; -o: pip, roup: disease of birds, poultry. — DEFIS
  • piqu-o (weapon) pike; (cards) spade.
  • pir-o (bot.) pear; (fig.) any pear-shaped instrument or object; e.g. an electric light bulb; -iero: pear tree. — EFIS
  • piramid-o (geom. monument) pyramid; -ifar: to form a pyramid, rise like a pyramid; -o-trunko: frustrum of a pyramid. — DEFIRS
  • pirat-o pirate, buccaneer, free-booter (cf. korsaro); -eso: piracy. — DEFIRS
  • Pirene-i Pyrenees.
  • piretr-o (bot.) pyrethrum, feverfew (genus: Pyrethrum); -o-pulvero: insect powder (made from p.). — EFI
  • pirik-o (Gr. antiq.) pyrrhic: a warlike dance. — DEFIS
  • pirit-o (min.) pyrite(s). — DEFIS
  • pirog-o (Indian or savage) canoe, pirogue. Def.: Kanoto di sovajo, facita ek arboro-trunko o kortico (quale uzata da la Malayi Nord-Amerikan Indiani, e.c.). — DEFIRS
  • pirogal-o (chem.) pyrogallol. — DEFIRS
  • pirograb-ar (tr.) to engrave on wood with a hot point; -o, -uro: pyrography. — EFIS
  • pirol-o (orni.) (golden-) oriole (genus: Oriolus galbula). — D
  • pirometr-o pyrometer. Def.: Instrumento por mezurar la maxim alta temperaturi. — DEFIRS
  • Piron-ism-o (antiq.) Pyrrhomism: an exaggerated skepticism. — DEFIRS
  • piros-o (med.) pyrosis; water-brash, heart-burn. — DEFIS
  • pirotekn-o pyrotechnics, fire-works. — DEFIS
  • piroxil-o pyroxylin(e): guncotton.
  • piruet-ar (intr.) to pirouette: turn, whirl on toes; (of horses) to whirl. — DEFIRS
  • *pis-ar (intr.) to piss. Def.: Urinifar.
  • pist-ar (tr.) to pound, bruise, crush (with a pestle); (cf. triturar); -ilo: pestle; (bot.) pistil; -uyo: (chemist’s, druggist’s) mortar. — EFI
  • pistach-o pistachio-nut; -iero: pistachio-tree (Pistacia vera). — DEFIRS
  • pistol-o (weapon) pistol. — DEFIRS
  • piston-o (tech.) piston; -stango: piston rod. — DEFIRS
  • piti-o (antiq.) the Pythia: priestess of Apollo. — DEFIS
  • piton-o (myth.) Python; (zool.) python (genus: Python). Def.: Serpento reala e mitologiala. — DEFIS
  • pitonis-o (antiq.) pythoness, witch; -o di Endor: witch of Endor. — DEFIS
  • pitoresk-a, -eso picturesque(ness); (cf. pikt-ur-atra). — DEFIS
  • pituit-o (med.) mucus, phlegm, pituite; -oza: full of mucus; -ala: pituitary; (cf. muko). Def.: Humoro viskoza sekrecata da ula mukozi (di la nazo, di la bronkii) en stando morbala. — EFIS
  • pivot-o pivot: (mechan.) pivot, journal: pin or short shaft on which anything turns: (milit.) the wing on which a troop turns; (fig.) main hinge, principal agent; turnar, rotacar sur (cirkum) pivoto: to turn on a pivot; pordo- -o: door-pivot, -hinge; l’interesto esas la pivoto di multi de nia agi: interest is the pivot of many of our acts. — EF
  • piz-o (bot.) pea (Pisum sativum); sen-shela -i: shelled peas; shelo- -i: peas in a pod. — EFI
  • plac-o place: open public space, as a square or circus in a town (cf. loko). — DEFIRS
  • placeb-o placebo (med.) — DEFIRS
  • placent-o (anat., bot.) placenta. — DEFIS
  • plad-o plate: small dish to eat off (cf. disho); -edo: plateful; -ego: platter; -moblo: buffet, side-board; -etajero (o tabulo): plate-shelf. — EFIS
  • plafon-o (arch.) ceiling, upper surface of a room; -izar: to put a ceiling on. — DFR
  • plag-o sore: break in soft part of body from disease; (fig.) plague, scourge (cf. pesto). Ex.: Ilua tota korpo esa kovrata da plagi. L’alkoholo esas plago di la publika saneso. Atilla nomizis su la plago di Deo. — DEFS
  • plaj-o beach, (sea-) shore, strand. V. exp.: Plajo esas la bendo plu o min larja di sulo, quan la maro alterne kovras e deskovras; existas plaji de sablo e plaji de rul-stoni. La rivo esas la limito inter la maro e la tale dicita ferme (sika) tero. La litoro esas la tota regiono adjacanta la rivo. La plaji esas nur aparta ed eceptala loki en la rivi: ne omna rivo esas plajo (ex.: rivo ek klifi od ek rokaji). — FIS
  • plaji-ar (tr., intr.) to plagiarize (words, ideas from another). — DEFIRS
  • plak-o plate, sheet, slab: flat piece of metal, etc.; tablet, plaque; -izar: to plate (over), sheathe, sheet over, veneer, overlay; -o grab-ita: engraved plate; -turn- -o: (R.R.) turn-table; petro- -o: stone slab, flagstone; -iz-ita ringo: (of gold) plated ring. — EFIR
  • plan-a plane: without elevations or depressions; level, flat (cf. plata); -o: (geom.) plane (surface, figure, angle); (aeron.) plane; -ajo: a flat thing or place; plain: level land; alta -ajo: table-land; -kanto: (fig.) plain-song, -chant; -igar: to make (ulo) smooth, level, even; -o inklinita: inclined plane. — DEFIRS
  • pland-o (anat.) sole (of the foot). — FIS
  • planet-o (astron.) planet; -aro, -o-sistemo: planetary system. — DEFIRS
  • planimetr-o planimeter. — DEFIRS
  • planimetri-o planimetry. — DEFIRS
  • planisfer-o planisphere. — DEFIRS
  • plank-o board, plank; -eto: small board; (painter’s) palette; -izar: to board up; -o-sulo: (board-) flooring. — DEFIS
  • «plankton» (biol.) plankton.
  • plant-o (bot.) plant; -aro: flora; -o-cizo: pruning shears; -o-lauso: plant louse (cf. afidio); -izar: to ornament, cover with plants (cf. plantacar). — DEFIS
  • plantac-ar (tr.) to plant: set in the ground for growth; -ajo: something planted, slip, set, crop, plant (cf. planto); -erio: plantation; -anto, -isto: one who plants, a planter; -ilo: planting instrument; dibble, setting stick. — DEFIS
  • plantag-o (bot.) plantain (genus: Plantago). — EFI
  • plantigrad-a, -o (zool.) plantigrade (animal). Ant.: digitigrada. — DEFIS
  • planton-o (milit.) orderly (soldier; cf. ordonanco); esar -o: to be on orderly duty. — F
  • plas-o place (for a person or thing); -izar: to place (ulu); to put (ulo, ulu) in a place (cf. pozar, lok-izar); -iz-anto, -isto: a person who places; usher (in a theater)(theatre). V exp.: Ta vorto esas necesa por signifikar la spaco okupata od okupebla da singla persono en irga loko (veturo, teatro, e.c.). Ol ne povas remplasesar da loko, mem min da sideyo; nam en omnibusi, tramveturi, urbala fervoyi, existas plasi sidanta e plasi stacanta. Ol povas signifikar anke la loko propra, rezervata o konvenanta por singla kozi: ‘Un plaso por omna kozo, ed omna kozo en sua plaso’. On povas dicar exemple: ‘Me havas bona plaso proxim la loko ube eventis l’inauguro di la statuo X. sur la placo Y.’ Restis nula plaso en la teatro, quankam esis ankore multa spaco inter la rangi e granda vakua loki avan la pordi. — DEF
  • plasm-o (physiol.) plasma. — DEFIS
  • plastid-o (biol.) plastid. — DEFIS
  • plastidul-o (biol.) plastidule. — DEFIS
  • plastik-a plastic; -arto: plastic art; -eso: plasticity. — DEFIRS
  • plastilin-o modelling clay.
  • plastr-o plaster, paste. Def.: Sorto di gipso per qua (l'aktoro qua pleas la rolo di Petreto) kovras sua vizajo en la pantomimi.
  • plastron-o plastron: breast-plate; breast-pad; shirt-bosom, -front. Def.: Tri senci: pectoral peco di kuraso; pektoral peco, polster-izita, di vesto di skermisto; pektorala parto di kamizo. — EFI
  • plat-a flat: having an even surface (cf. plana); (fig.) dull, insipid; -ajo: a flat object; plateau, upland, table-land; -a pedo: a flat foot; -eso: (quality) flatness; -a kalmeso: a flat calm; -e: flatwise; -igar: to flatten (cf. plan-igar); -naz-a, -(ul)o: flat, pug, snub-nosed (person). — DEFIR
  • platan-o (bot.) plane-tree, platane (genus: Platanus); -o ocident-ala: (N. American) sycamore (Platanus occidentalis). — DEFIS
  • platen-o (print.) platen.
  • platform-o platform; horizontal surface or structure (cf. programo). — DEFIRS
  • platin-o (met.) platinum. — DEFIS
  • Platon-ala, -isto, -ismo Platon-ic, -ist, -ism.
  • plaud-ar (tr., intr.) of liquids, waves: to break, beat against, splash; -etar: to ripple. — L
  • ple-ar (tr.) to play (a musical instrument, a role in a play; cf. ludar); -ach-ar: (tr.) to strum, thrum (a violin). Ex.: Plear valso. Violin-plear. Plear (rolo di) Athalie. — E
  • plebecit-o referendum: (hist.) plebescite, plebescitum. Def.: Voto pri ula lego o rezolvo da omna civitani di un stato (ex. en Suisa). — DEFIRS
  • plebey-o plebian — DEFIRS
  • pled-ar (intr., legal and gen.) to plead, argue (at the bar); to allege; -o: plea; -anto, -ero: pleader, litigant, suitor; -ach-anto, -ero: petifogger. — DEFS
  • plekt-ar, inter- -ar, en- -ar (tr.) to (inter-) lace, plait, twine, wreath, weave (straw, etc.; cf. tres-igar); -ajo: that which is intertwined. — EL
  • plektr-o (antiq. mus.) plectrum. — DEFIS
  • plen-a full, filled (de); -eso: fullness, plenitude; -e: fully, entirely; -igar: to fill; (fig.) to fulfill, accomplish; -a luno: full moon; -a de aquo: filled with water. Ant.: vakua. — EFIS
  • plend-ar (intr.) to complain; (jur.) lodge a complaint (che); -o: complaining, (law) accusation, charge; -anto: complainer; (law) plaintiff, complainant; -anta: complaining; -ema, -atra: plaintive, querulous. Ex.: Plendar pri kap-doloro. Il plendis, ke il esas frapita. V. exp.: vid. lamentar. — EFS
  • plenipotenc-o plenipotence, fullness or completeness of power; -iero, -iera: plenipotenciary. — DEFIS
  • pleonasm-o pleonasm, redundancy of words. — DEFIRS
  • plesiosaur-o (paleon.) plesiosaur(us). — DEFIS
  • plet-o tray, shallow receptacle for tea, pins, diamonds, etc. — F
  • pletor-o (med. and fig.) plethora; -ala, -ika: plethoric. Ex.: Pletoro de sango, de pekunio. — DEFIS
  • pleuronekt-o (ich.) brill, flounder: a flat fish of several species (Pleuronectes). — L
  • pleuronektoid-o (ich.) plaice (Pleuronectidæ). — L
  • plevr-o (anat.) pleura. — EFIRS
  • plevrit-o (med.) pleurisy. — DEFIRS
  • plex-o (anat.) plexus. — DEFIS
  • pleyad-o, -i (astron.) Pleiades; (fig.) a distinguished of authors, etc. Def.: Propra senco: ula stelaro (en signo di ‘Tauro’); metafora senco: grupo o skolo de autori, partikulare poeti (ex. la Franca pleyado en la 16a yarcento. — DEFIS
  • plez-ar (intr.) to be pleasing, be agreeable; (tr.) to please (ulu); -ar (ad) ulu: to please anyone; ta libro ne plezas (a) me: that book does not please me, is not to my taste, my fancy; facez to, quo plezas vu: do as you like (please); on ne povas plezar omni: one cannot please everybody. — EFI
  • plezur-o pleasure: delight, joy. Ex.: Facar ulo kun plezuro. Dansar esas plezuro. — DEFIS
  • plik-o (med.) plica, a disease of the hair. — EFI
  • plint-o (arch.) plinth. — DEFIS
  • pliocen-o (geol.) Pliocene. — DEFIRS
  • plis-ar (tr.) to plait; (fig.) to pucker, crease. Def.: Facar reguloza falduri en ulo; (kp. frunsar). — DF
  • plomb-o lead; -a: (made) of lead; -ea: lead-colo(u)red; -izar: to cover with lead; -siglar: (tr.) to seal or stamp with lead; -isto, -labor-isto: plumber; lead-worker. — DEFIRS
  • plor-ar (intr.) to cry, weep, shed tears (pri); -etar, -achar: to whimper, whine, snivel (cf. kri-achar); -igar: to cause (ulu) to cry; -anto, -ero: weeper; -isto: (fig.) hired mourner; -anta, -ema: weeping. V.exp.: vid. lakrim-ifar. — F
  • plovier-o (orni.) plover (genus: Charadrius). — EFI
  • plu (adv. of comparison) more, further; -e: moreover, besides; plu afabla: more amiable; plu bone, plu juste: better, preferable; plu multi: most (people); the generality, the majority; plu-mult-eso: (condition) plurality; plu multo: (the) more (used substantively); plu mal-e, -a: worse; tante plu ke: all the more that; dum plu kam: during more than; sempre plu: more and more; plu kam ul-tempe: more than ever; nek plu nek min: neither more nor less; quante plu granda la homo: the bigger the person; quante plu me manjas, tante plu me drinkas: the more I eat, the more I drink; demandar plu multo por obtenar min multo: to ask for more to obtain less; plu multa vino kam aquo: more wine than water; diferar per plu o min multo: to differ more or less; il esas plu kompat-inda kam blam-inda: he is more to be pitied than blamed; remedi-ilo plu mala kam la morbo: a remedy worse than the disease; Note: Plu can be used by itself before adjectives and adverbs, but with substantives and verbs mult-a, -e, grand-a, etc. should be added: lu plu multe, ofte ocias kam laboras; plu multa aquo. V exp.: Plu expresas augmento di ula quanto (qua restas o konsideresas identa a su ipsa); plus (quale la matematikal signo, quan ol tradukas) signifikas adiciono, do generale adjunto di ulo ad altro. Ant.: min.
  • plu-alt-igar to make higher, taller; -alt-eskar: to become higher. Note: Plu to such verbalized adjectives as above adds the idea of comparison: -alt-igar: to make higher, taller (i.e. it was high before, or relatively, to make something higher than something else).
  • plu-bel-igar to embellish, beautify.
  • plu-bon-igar to better, improve.
  • plu-cher-igar to make dearer (in price), raise the price of; -eskar: to become, grow dearer.
  • plu-dens-igar to condense (a liquid): make more dense, more compact.
  • plu-dolc-igar to soften, to render milder. Ex.: La pluvo pludolcigas la vetero. La vetero pludolceskas. Pludolcigar la voco.
  • plu-ferm-igar to make firm, stout, resolute. Ex.: Astriktivo plufermigas la pelo. Ruptita gambo plufermeskas diope. Lua autoritato plufermeskas.
  • plu-fort-igar to strengthen.
  • plu-fresh-igar to freshen; (fig.) to enliven, give a filip to. Ex.: La pluvo plufreshigas la aero. Plufreshigar la korpo, la trupi.
  • plug-ar (tr.) to plough; (fig.) to till; -ebla: arable: fit for tillage; -ilo: a plow. Def.: Sulkizar la sulo per plugilo. (fig.) Spadagar la tero por plantacar. — DR
  • plu-grand-igar (tr.) to make greater, enlarge, aggrandize.
  • plu-hard-igar to harden: to make (ulo) harder.
  • plu-kurt-igar to shorten, make (ulo) shorter; -eskar: to contract, shrink.
  • plu-lent-igar to slow down, abate (ulo); -eskar: to slacken, flag.
  • plu-long-igar (of time) to prolong, protract, lengthen. V. exp.: vid. prolongar.
  • plum-o (of birds) feather, plume; (for writing) quill, pen; -aro: plumage, feathers (cf. penacho); collection of pens; -edo: penful (of ink); -fasko: feather-broom, -duster; -iero: pen-holder; -uyo: pen-rack; -izar: to feather; -vish-ilo: pen-wiper; -pinselo: a small feather-brush; fonten- -o: a fountain-pen; ganso- -o: goose-quill. — EFIS
  • plump-a (of things) unwieldy, unmanageable from bulk or weight; (of persons) thick-skulled, dull-witted; -a mashino, navo: an unwieldy machine, ship; -(ul)o: a person who is doltish, clumsy, heavy-bodied, or heavy-witted; dullard, blockhead, dunce (cf. stult-(ul)o): Def.: Expresas l’ideo di ulu, ulo grosa, pezoza e (pro to) nehabila o groteska. — D
  • plump! thump! slap! bang! Def.: Indikanta falo, precipue di ulo grava, mola, inerta.
  • plunj-ar (intr.) to plunge, duck, dive, (en); -igar: to dip, plunge (ulo, en ulo); -o-klosho: diving bell; (cf. sinkar, submersar, imersar). Ex.: Plunjar en la maro. Plunjigar krucho en la aquo, dago en la korpo, sua manuo en la flami. — EF
  • plur-a (quantifying adjective-pronoun) several; -i: several people; -ala: relating to several; -ala, -alo: (gram.) plural; -foye: several times; -eso: two or more of the same kind; -kolora: of several colo(u)rs. — DEFIS
  • plur-senc-a having several senses or meanings; -eso: ambiguousness.
  • plur-silab-a polysillabic.
  • plus(e) (adv.) further, furthermore, more, over and above, an addition; (arith.) plus; -a: additional, surplus, extra; -ajo: a surplus, overplus; me ne plus kantos, me ne kantos pluse: I shall sing no more; me ne plus hungras: I am no longer hungry; me ne plus pagos: I will pay no more; ne plus lu audez tua voco: no more shall he hear thy voice; pluso sequos: to be continued; un glaso pluse od, un plusa glaso: one glass more; nulo pluse: nothing in addition; plus-pagar: (tr.) to overpay; -e taxar: (tr.) to surtax; du plus tri minus un: two plus three minus one. Ex.: Mil yari e pluse. Un tablo plus quar stuli. Un pazo pluse. Il ne plus vivas. Me dicos nulo pluse. Ne plus amoro, do ne plus joyo. Plusa pezo, taxo. Plusajo di pekunio. Plusa exempleri (E. additional copies). V. exp.: vid. plu. Ant.: minus.
  • plush-o (fabric) plush; -atra: plush-like, shaggy. Def.: Stofo simila a veluro e kun longa pili o lanugo sur un latero. — DEFR
  • plusquamperfekt-o (gram.) pluperfect (tense). — DFS
  • plutokrati-o plutacracy: rule and power of the rich. — DEFIRS
  • Pluton-ala (geol.) Plutonic. — DEFIRS
  • pluv-ar (intr.) to rain; -as: (impers.) it rains; -eskar: to start raining; -etar: to drizzle; -egar: to rain in torrents; -igar: to cause to rain; to shower down upon; -oza, -ema: rainy, wet, shower; -uro: rain (fallen); -aquo: rain water; -arko: rainbow; -o dina: a fine rain; -kanalo: gutter; -tubo: spout (descending to the ground); -tubulo: spout (which drips from above); -mantelo: rain-cloak. — FIS
  • pluvial-o pluvial: a priest’s cope. — DEFIS
  • pluviometr-o pluviometer, rain-gauge. — DEFIS
  • pneumatik-a pneumatic (machine, pump, etc.). — DEFIS
  • po for, at the price of, in exchange for (indicates value received or given); (fin.) per (cent.) as, kin po cento: (at the rate of) five percent (cf. procento); tanto po (un) semano: at so much a week; komprar ulo po triadek dollar-i: to buy something for thirty dollars (N.B. Ca kustas 1000 fr., not ca kustas po 1000 fr.). — R
  • pocion-o medicinal draught or potion.
  • podagr-o podagra: gout in the feet; -ika, -iko: gouty (person). Def.: Goto di pedi.
  • Podoli-a Podolia; -ano: Poldolian.
  • poem-o poem. — DEFIRS
  • poet-o poet, poetess; -ino: poetess; -ulo: p.; -eto, -acho: poetaster, rhymester. — DEFIRS
  • poetik-o poetics: art of poetry. — DEFIS
  • poezi-o (composition) poesy, poetry; -ajo: a piece of poetry, a poem; -ala, -atra, -oza: poetical; -izar: to poetize, versify. — DEFIRS
  • pogrom-o pogrom. — DEFIRS
  • poikiloterm-a poikilothermal. — DEFIRS
  • poinseti-o poinsettia. — DEFIS
  • pok-a (quantifying adjective-pronoun) few: not many; little: not much; -o: a little; -i: a few; -ope: by degrees, little by little, bit by bit; -a-foye: rarely, almost never; il parolis poke: he spoke but little. Def.: Mikra nombro o quanto. Ex.: Pos poka tempo. Poka homi esas kontenta pri sua posedaji. V. exp.: vid. kelka. Ant.: multa. — FIS
  • pol-o (geom., astron., geog., magnet.) pole; -ala: polar; -o-stelo: polar star. — DEFIRS
  • polar-a polar; -o: (math.) polar; -igar: to polarize; -igita: polarized; -eso: polarity. — DEFIRS
  • polarimetr-o (opt.) polarimeter.
  • polariz-ar to polarise (physics) — DEFIRS
  • polemik-ar (intr.) to carry on a controversy (kun ulu); -(ad)o: polemic(s); -ala: polemical. — DEFIRS
  • polen-o (bot.) pollen. — DEFIS
  • polex-o pollex: thumb; -uyo: thumbstall; -o-lig-ilo: thumb-manacles. — EIL
  • poli- poly-. Def.: Ciencala prefixo = multa-. — DEFIRS
  • poliandr-a polyandr-ian, -ous; -eso: polyandry; (bot.) polyandria. Def.: (Muliero) qua samtempe havas plura spozuli; (speco di planti) qua havas duadek o plu multa stamini. — DEFIRS
  • polic-o police administration or regulation; -ano, -isto: policeman; -ist-aro: (collect.) the police; -estro: the chief of police; -ala: relating to police regulations; -ista: relating to police; -an-acho: bobby, cop, peeler. Def.: Ensemblo di la regularo qua mantenas l’ordino e la sekureso publika. — DEFIRS
  • poliedr-o (geom.) polyhedron. — DEFIRS
  • poliester-o polyester. — DEFIRS
  • polifiletik-a (biol.) polyphyletic. — DEFIS
  • polifoni-o polyphony. Def.: Multeso de soni diferanta ma sam-tempa. — DEFIRS
  • poligam-a polygamous; (bot.) polygamian; -(ul)o: polygamist; -eso: polygamy. — DEFIRS
  • poliglot-a, -o polyglot. — DEFIRS
  • poligon-o (geom.) polygon; (bot.) polygonum: knot-grass, -weed (genus: Polygonum). — DEFIRS
  • poligraf-o multigraph, poylgraph: instrument for multiplying copies of a writing; -(ul)o: (fig.) an author who writes on several subjects. — DEFIS
  • poligrafi-o the art of operating a polygraph. — DEFIS
  • polikrom-a polychrome. — DEFIRS
  • polilem-o (philos.) polylemma, predicament. — DEFIRS
  • polimati-o polymathy: varied learning. — DEFIS
  • polimer-o polymer. — DEFIRS
  • polimorf-a polymorphous, multiform. — DEFIS
  • Polinezi-a Polynesia; -ano: Polynesian.
  • polinomi-o (alg.) polynome. — DEFIS
  • polip-o (zool.) polyp; (med.) polypus: a species of tumor. — DEFIRS
  • polipropilen-o polypropylene. — DEFIRS
  • polis-ar (tr.) to polish (marble, wood, steel, etc.) (fig.) to polish: refine (the mind, one’s style, manners, etc.) Def.: Igar ulo glata e brilanta per friciono; brunisar. — DEFIRS
  • polisperm-o polysperm. — DEFIRS
  • polistiren-o polystyrene. — EFIS
  • polit-a (of manners) polite, civil, courteous; -eso: politeness, civility, good breeding; -ajo: act of politeness; -eg-eso: urbanity; des-, ne- -a: discourteous, uncivil. V. exp.: vid. jentila. — EFS
  • politeism-o polytheism. — DEFIRS
  • politeist-o polytheist. — DEFIRS
  • politeknik-o polytechnics; -ala: polytechnic: relating to arts and sciences; -ano: (fig.) a student in a p. school; -o-skolo: a p. school. Def.: Cienco di la mekanikal arti. — DEFIRS
  • politik-o politics, public policy; -ala: political; -ero: one who dabbles in politics; -isto: (good sense) politician; -ist-acho: (bad sense) politician. Def.: La cienco di guvernado; l’adminstrado di publika afero. — DEFIRS
  • politrop-a (math.) polytropic. — DEFIRS
  • poliuretan-o polyurethane. — DEFIRS
  • polk-ar (intr.) to dance the polka. — DEFIRS
  • Polon-a Polish; -o: a Pole; -ia: Poland.
  • polonez-o polonaise: a kind of dance. — DEFRS
  • poloni-o polonium. — DEFIRS
  • polp-o octopus, devil-fish (genus: Octopus). — EFIS
  • polster-o stuffing, padding, wadding (of garments, etc.); -izar: to stuff, pad (ulo); -ajo: what stuffed, padded: bolster, pad, cushion, padded quilt, etc. — DEIR
  • poltron-a cowardly, dastardly, chicken-hearted; (cf. febl-anma); -(ul)o: coward, poltroon, skulker; -eso: cowardice; -ajo: cowardly action. Def.: Pavor-(eg)ema; sen-kuraj-(eg)-a. — DEFI
  • polut-ar (tr.) to pollute, defile (cf. kontaminar, profanacar); -esar: (fig.) to be polluted; to have seminal discharge or emission. — DEFIRS
  • polv-o dust (cf. pulvero, pudro); -oza, -atra: dusty; -ifar: to rise (of dust); to be dusty (of roads); -igar: to reduce (ulo) to d.; -eskar: to become dusty; -izar: to cover (ulu, ulo) with d.; -o-nubo: a cloud of d. — IS
  • pom-o an apple; -iero: apple tree; -ier-eyo: orchard. — FI
  • pomad-o pomade, pomatum; -izar: to apply p. to (hair or exterior of the body); har- -o: hair p. — DEFIRS
  • pomel-o pommel (of saddle); knob on the hilt of a sword or pistol. Def.: Mikra bulo ye l’extremajo di espado, di pistolo od avan solo. — EFIS
  • Pomerani-a Pomerania; -ano: Pomeranian.
  • pomp-o pomp, state, show; -acho: (bad sense) parade, display (cf. ostento); -oza: stately; -oz-acha: pompous (bad sense); kun granda pompo: with great pomp, in great state. — DEFIS
  • pompelmus-o (bot.) shaddock (Citrus decumana). — DFIS
  • pompon-o pompon, top-knot; tuft added to dress of a soldier, etc. — DEFS
  • ponder-ar (tr.) to weigh (ulu, per ulo); (cf. pezar); (fig.) to ponder (mentally); -o: weighing; -ebla: ponderable; -ilo: scale; -isto, -ero: weigher; -resorto: spring-balance, scale; -ar ample: to give good weight. Def.: Determinar la pezo di ulo per ponderilo; (fig.) explorar atencoze. — EFIS
  • pone-o pony: small horse. — DEF
  • poniard-o poniard, dagger; -agar, poniarde ocidar: to poniard, stab (ulu) with a dagger; (cf. dago). — EFIS
  • pons-a poppy-colo(u)red, flame colo(u)red, vivid scarlet. — DFIRS
  • pont-o bridge (over a river, etc.); -eto: foot-bridge; (R.R. culvert); (nav.) gangway; (tech.) trigger-guard (of a firearm); -o suspend-ita: suspension b.; -o turn-ebla: swing b.; -o tub-atra: tubular b.; batel- -o: b. of boats; lev- -o: lifting b. — FIS
  • pontifik-o pontiff; (Jewish) high priest; (Roman) pontifex; (cf. papo); -o supr-ega: the sovereign pontiff; the pope; -ala: pontifical; -eso: pontificate (cf. pap-eso); -e oficiar: to reign as pontiff. — DEFIRS
  • ponton-o pontoon: boat used as bridge; -isto: military pontonier. — DEFIRS
  • ponyet-o wrist-band. Def.: La finala parto di la maniko. Ex.: Kamizo ne-starchita, nokto-kamizo ne havas mansheti, ma nur ponyeti. — F
  • pop-o (Russian, Grecian) priest, (village) pope. Def.: Rusa (greka) sacerdoto.
  • popl-o (bot.) poplar (tree) (genus: Populus). — DEFI
  • poplin-o (fabric) poplin. — DEFIRS
  • poplit-o (anat.) ham: region back of the knee joint; (in quadrupeds) hock. — ISL
  • popul-o people, population (of a town, city, country; cf. habit-ant-aro); -ala: relating to the people (cf. populara); -oza: populous; -izar: to people, populate: furnish with inhabitants; -iz-ado, -iz-uro: peopling; -acho: the mob, rabble, riffraff (cf. plebey-aro); -acha: low, vulgar. — EFIS
  • popular-a popular: prevailing among and liked by the people; -eso: popularity; -igar: to make (ulo) popular, to popularize. — DEFIRS
  • popurit-o potpourri, medley, hotch-potch. — DEF
  • por-o (anat. and fig.) pore; oza: porous; -oz-eso: porosity. — DEFIRS
  • por (prep. indicating aim) for, in view of, in favo(u)r of; por ke: (conj., followed by imperative) in order that, so that; por quo: for what?; por ne: lest; omni por unu, unu por omni: all for one, one for all; pregar, votar por ulu: to pray, to vote for someone; kombatar por la patrio: to fight for the country; ol esas por vu: it is for you; por la formo: for the sake of form; por la venjo: for (the sake of) vengeance; le por e la kontre: the pros and the cons; dek franki por un semano: ten francs a week; me dicas to a vu nun, por ke vu esez preparita: I tell you now, (in order) that you may be prepared. — FIS
  • porcelan-a, -o porcelain, (fine) china (ware); (cf. fayenco). — DEFIS
  • porcion-o portion, ration, share, allowance; -eto, -acho: pittance; -izar: to put (ulu) on (short) allowance; -izo: rationing; -igar: to portion out (ulo). Def.: Parto de un toto; partikulare ula provizuro de pano, de karno, esanta dividita inter uli. — DEFIRS
  • pord-o door, doorway; gate; -ego: large door, portal (cf. portalo); (city-) gate; -(o-gard)isto: door-keeper; -o-tapeto: door-curtain, portiere; -alo: leaf of a folding d.; -frap-ilo: d. knocker; -o-framo, -kadro: d. frame; -o-veino: portal vein. — EFIS
  • porel-o (bot.) leek (Allium Porrum). — DFIRS
  • porfir-o (min.) porphyry. — DEFIS
  • porism-o (geom.) porism. — DEFI
  • pork-o pig, hog, swine, porker; -o-karno (fresha, sal-iz-ita, fum-igita): pork, pig meat (fresh, salted, smoked); -karn-ajo: piece of pork; -ino: sow; -ulo: boar; -o-pilo: hog;s bristle; -o-gard-isto: swineheard; -eyo, -o-stablo: pig-sty; -ala: porcine; -o-pelo: rind (of bacon); -o-felo: pigskin. — EFIS
  • porkespin-o (zool.) porcupine (European genus: Hystrix; N. American genus: Erethizon).
  • pornograf-a porngraphic; -(ul)o: a person who occupies himself with pornography. — DEFIS
  • pornografi-o pornography: art or literature of an obscene nature. — DEFIS
  • port-ar (tr.) to carry, bear, bring, take: convey in vehicles, by ship, hand, or person, also of wind, water, etc. (as agent) to wear (clothes, a sword, etc.); -(ad)o; (act.) carrying, carriage, conveyance, porterage; -ajo: that which is carried; load, burden; -anto, -ero, -isto: carrier, bearer, porter; -ebla: portable; -ar la vestaro: to wear clothes; for- -ar: to carry away; (cf. transportar). V. exp.: vid. suportar. — EFIS
  • porta veino (anat.) portal vein, gate-vein.
  • portal-o portal: grand and imposing door (as of a church, etc.). — DEFIRS
  • porte-o range: reach of a shot, bullet, of a voice, etc.
  • portfoli-o portfolio: a case in which to keep loose papers. — DEFI
  • portik-o portico: porch, covered space enclosed by columns at entrance of building. — DEFIRS
  • Porto-Riko Puerto Rico.
  • portret-o (pr. and fig.) portrait: personal representation by painting, drawing, photography; -(pikt)isto: portrait painter; facio-, profil-, statur-portreto: face, profile, full-length portrait; facar la -o di: to depict, make a portrait of. — DEFR
  • portu-o (sea-) port, harbo(u)r, haven; -o komercala: commercial port; -o milit-ala: naval harbor or station; -o dopa: inner harbor; salveo- -o: a saluting port; -pilot-isto: harbor pilot. — EFIRS
  • Portugal Portugal; -ano: Portuguese.
  • portulak-o (bot.) portulaca, purslane (genus: Portulaca). — DEIRL
  • pos (prep.) after (in time; cf. dop); -e: afterwards, next, later; - -ke: after that; -a: subsequent, later; -eso: posteriority; pos quar kloki: after four o’clock; pos quar hori: after four hours. Ex.: Pagenda pos triadek dii. Unesme on devas lernar e pose on darfas ludar. Pos ke vu esos parolinta, il parolos. (E. after you have (or, shall have) spoken, he will speak. To eventis pos ke me venis. Ant.: ante. — L
  • pos-dat-izar to postdate (a letter, etc.).
  • pos-dimez-e, -o (in) the afternoon.
  • pos-dine-e after dinner; -o: time after dinner (afternoon or evening, as the dinner is early or late).
  • posed-ar (tr.) possess, be in possession of, own, have the faculty or quality (cf. havar, proprietar); -eskar: to become possessor of, take possession of; -ajo: object (possessed); -anto: possessor; -ala: (gram.) possessive; -alo: possessive case; a possessive. Ex.: Posedar pekunio, domo, ula furio posedis il. Me pagos vu kande me posedos plu multa pekunio. Ka vu esas la posedanto di ta agro? Posedal pronomi. — EFIS
  • posh-o pocket; -libro: a book for the pocket (cf. burso); -ala pekunio: (fig.) pocket money, (spare) change; -horloj-o: watch; -furt-isto: pick-pocket; -kultelo: penknife; -kayero: note-book (cf. not-libreto). — F
  • posibl-a possible; -ajo, -eso: possibility; -igar: to render (ulo) p., to enable; maxim multe posible, tam multe kam posible: as much as p.; maxim bona posible: as good as p.; minim posible bruiso: least possible noise; vua helpo posibl-igis a me facar: your help made it possible for me to do it. — EFIS
  • pos-morg-e (on) the day after tomorrow. Ex.: Se me ne venos morge, takaze me venos posmorge.
  • pos-nask-ar (intr.) to be born after (ulu); -inta: younger.
  • Posni-a Posen; -ano: (man) of Posen.
  • pos-skrib-ajo postscript.
  • pos-supe-e after supper.
  • post-o mail, post: postal service, public conveyance and delivery, esp. of letters, packages; -e: by post; -ala karto, posto-karto: postal-card; -o-pakajo: a postal package; (fig.) parcel-post; -ala uniono: postal union; -o-kontoro: post office; -estro: postmaster; -isto: employee of postal service; letter-carrier; postman; -o-treno: mail train; -e restante: till called for; -o-marko: postage stamp; -o-stampo: post mark; -o-mandato: money order; -o-veturo: post-chaise; -e voyajar: to travel by post. — DEFIRS
  • posten-o post: a place to guard; beat (of a policeman, etc.); honor- -o: (fig.) post of hono(u)r; -izar: to post, station (uli, ulu, su) (cf. facionar); Ex.: Stacar en posteno. Gardar posteno. Livar, desertar posteno. — DEFIRS
  • postern-o (fort.) postern; small gate under a rampart. — DEFIS
  • postig-o small casement in a door or window; blind (of a carriage). Def.: (Mikra) parto (ordinare, vitro-plako) di la fenestro o pordo qua esas apertebla. — S
  • postilion-o postilion. — DEFIRS
  • postpozicion-o postposition: a word or particle placed after or at the end of a word.
  • postul-ar (tr.) to demand, exact, require (ulo, de ulu); -o, -em-eso: demand, requirement, exigency; -ajo: what is demanded, claimed; -ema: exacting. V.exp.: vid. demandar. — FL
  • postulat-o (philos.) postulate.
  • postum-a posthumous; -o: p. child; -ajo: p. work. — DEFIS
  • postur-ar (intr., lit. and fig.) to assume an attitude, to pose (as for a statue, a picture); to sit (for one’s picture); -o: posture, attitude, pose; -o koaktata: constrained attitude; -o di la guvernerio: attitude of the government. — DEFIS
  • pot-o pot, kettle, jug: earthenware or metal vessel used for cooking or merely holding something; -edo: potful; -if-eyo: a pottery; -if-isto: potter; lakto- -o: milk jug or can; floro- -o: flower p.; -o fera: iron p.; terakota -o: earthen p. — EFS
  • potas-o potash. — DEFIRS
  • potat-o potato. — E
  • potenc-o (math.) power; sis potenco quara: six to the fourth power (6⁴). Def.: Produkto qua rezultas de multiplikado di nombro per su. — DEFIR
  • potencial-a, -o (all senses) potential, possible. — DEFIS
  • potent-a powerful, potent, mighty; -(ul)o: potentate; -eso: potency, might (cf. povo, fort-eso, autoritato). — DEFIS
  • pov-ar (tr., intr.) to be able (to do), can (do), could, have the power to; -o: power, ability, force, means, might; (polit.) a power, powerful country. Ex.: Ni facas to quon ni povas. Me ne povis venar hiere. Me povabus manjar ol, ma me ne hungris. La povo di la mento. V. exp.: vid. darfar. — FIS
  • povr-a poor, needy; -o, -ulo, -ino: poor person (cf. indij-anto); -eso: poverty; -ajo: a sorry thing (cf. meskin-ajo); -igar: to impoverish; la mente povri: the poor in mind (in spirit). Ant.: richa. — EFIS
  • poz-ar (tr., lit and fig.) to place, set, lay (down), ground (cf. depozar); -eso: position (cf. situ-eso); -ar kom principo: to state, lay down a principle; super- -o: imposition: laying on. — FIS
  • pozicion-o (milit., or strategical) position.
  • pozitiv-a (math., elec., philos., gram.) positive; -em-ulo: a person of positive ideas; practical, matter-of-fact person; -ismo: (philos.) positivism; -ista, -isto: positivist. Ant.: negativa. — DEFIRS
  • pozolan-o pozzolana: a mortar made from volcanic ashes. — DEFIS
  • pragmat-o (philos.) matter-of-fact, reality; ‘fait accompli’; -ala: pragmatical: dealing with practical values or consequences; -ismo: pragmatism; -isto: pragmatist. — DEFIRS
  • pragmatik-o (hist.) pragmatic sanction.
  • praktik-ar (tr.) to practice, put into practice, exercise; to observe (a rule, etc.); -ala: pertaining to practice or action, practical (matter); -ema: pratical, experienced (person); -ebla: practicable, feasible, possible; (of roads) passable; -isto: practitioner; -anta: practising. Ex.: On praktikas la medicino, l’agro-kultivado. Esas necesa praktikar longatempe, ante ke on povas divenar habila. Praktikebla ideo, voyo. — DEFIS
  • pralin-o praline: burnt almond. — DEF
  • pram-o (nav.) pram(e): flat-bottomed boat used in the Baltic. Def.: Speco di navo (barko) kun plata fundo, nur un ponto, kun segli e remili.
  • prat-o meadow. — FIS
  • pre- pre-, before; replaces the preposition ante in composed words: pre-dat-izar, to antedate; pre-destinar, to predestine; pre-dicar, to predict; pre-hiere, (on the) day before yesterday; pre-avino, great-grandmother.
  • pre-aranj-ar (tr.) to prearange, to provide (for or against).
  • pre-av-ino great grandmother; -av-ulo: great grandfather.
  • prebend-o prebend: stipend granted to a prebendary; -iero: prebendary. — DEFIS
  • prec-o (lit. and fig.) price, charge; (fig.) expense; kusto-preco: cost price; -oza: costly, expensive, valuable, precious (in money value); -oza lapido: precious stone; -oz-eso: preciousness; -oz-ajo: a precious thing; fabrik- -o: cost of making, manufacturing cost; kozo super omna -o: a priceless thing; pro irga -o: at any price; (fig.) cost what it will. — DEFIS
  • preced-ar (tr.) to have, to take precedence of, to go before in rank, importance, etc.; (cf. pre-irar); -o: precedence: right or fact of precedency, priority; -anto: one who has or takes precedence; predecessor (in office); (pl.) predecessors, forefathers; -anta: antecedant, (cf. antea, antecedento). Def.: Esir en plaso, ofico nemediate avan; -e: pasar avan altru segun lego, regulo. Ex.: Grava aferi precedas la neimportanta. — EFIS
  • precedent-o a precedent: authoritative case, example or instance. — DEFIS
  • precept-o precept: authoritative rule of action. — EFIS
  • preceptor-o preceptor, tutor, instructor. — DEFIS
  • precesion-o (astron.) precession (of the equinoxes). — DEFIS
  • precipis-o precipice; (fig.) calamity. — EFIS
  • precipit-ar (tr., pr. and fig.) to precipitate, cause to fall, hurry along, throw down, hurl headlong, dash down, plunge; (chem.) to throw to the bottom of a vessel; -ar su: to rush (upon); -ajo: (chem.) precipitate. Ex.: Il precipitis su ek la fenestro. Precipitar naciono en milito. — DEFIS
  • precipu-a principal, main, leading, capital; -e: above all, especially; -ajo: the chief thing, essential part, main point; e precipue, esez prudenta: and above all be prudent. Def.: Qua esas maxim konsiderinda, importanta. — L
  • pre-cit-ar (tr.) to previously cite; -cit-ita: above mentioned, aforesaid.
  • preciz-a precise: having fixed limitation, not loose, vague or uncertain; definite, distinct, exact, formal, terse; (N.B. not used of persons); -e: precisely, just so; -eso: precision; -igar: to state precisely, to specify; -igo, -iguro: specification. Def.: Qua esas strikte definita o determinita. Ex.: Dio preciza. Horo preciza. Ordino preciza. V. exp.: vid. akurata, exakta. — DEFIRS
  • pre-dat-izar to antedate.
  • pre-destin-ar (tr.) to predestine, foredoom, preordain.
  • pre-determin-ar (tr.) to predetermine.
  • pre-dic-ar (tr.) to predict, prophesy, foretell (cf. augurar); -anta: prophetic.
  • predik-ar (tr., intr., lit. and fig.) to preach (ulo, ad ulu); (cf. exhortar); -anto, -ero, -isto: preacher; -ar per sua exemplo: to set an example, to practise what one preaches. — DEFIS
  • predikat-o (log., gram.) predicate. — DEFIS
  • pre-dis-poz-ar (tr., gen. and med.) to prepossess, predispose (cf. inklinar); -eso: predisposition, presumption, prejudice; -ita: prepossessed, biassed.
  • pre-dominac-ar (intr.) to predominate (cf. preponderar); -o: predominance, prevalence.
  • pre-establis-ar (tr.) to preestablish, establish beforehand.
  • pre-exist-ar (intr.) to pre-exist.
  • prefac-o preface (of a book); -izar: to insert, write a preface (for). — EFIS
  • prefekt-o (Rom. antiq. and chief administrator of each department in France) prefect. — DEFIRS
  • prefer-ar (tr.) to prefer, like better: give preference in mind to (ulo, kam); -esar: to be preferred; -o: preference, predilection; -ajo: what is preferred, choice; -e (kam): preferably (to), in preference (to), rather (than); -inda: preferable. Ex.: Preferar mortar kam vivar. Preferar la honoro kam la pekunio. — EFIS
  • prefix-o (gram.) prefix; -izar, -igar: to put at the beginning of a word. — DEFIRS
  • prefoliacion-o (bot.) prefoliation. — DEFIRS
  • preg-ar (tr.) to pray (to) (God); to beg, entreat, beseech (ulu, pri, por); (cf. suplikar); -o-stulo: praying-chair, -desk; -o-libro: prayer-book; facar (od dicar) prego: say a prayer; me pregas: I pray, I beg; if you please. — FI
  • pre-hier-e (on the) day before yesterday, two days ago.
  • pre-histori-o pre-history: history prior to written history; -a: prehistoric. Def.: Ensemblo di la konocata fakti pri la epoko antea a la tempi historiala.
  • pre-intenc-ar (tr.) to premeditate (cf. pre-meditar).
  • pre-ir-ar (tr.) to precede, go before, go first or in front of (cf. precedar).
  • pre-judici-a (jur.) interlocutory, not final or definative (judgement).
  • pre-judik-ar (tr.) to prejudge; -o: prejudgement, presumption, prejudice; -a: prejudicial, preconceived.
  • prekar-a (tr.) precarious: depending upon the will or pleasure of another; uncertain, unsettled. — DEFIS
  • prekoc-a precocious, early: ripe before the proper season; (of persons) ripe in understanding at an early age. Def.: Developita ante la normal evo. — EFIS
  • pre-kompr-ar (tr.) to buy (ulo) beforehand; (fig.) to preempt.
  • pre-koncept-ita preconceived.
  • pre-konoc-o (sav-o) foreknowledge, prescience.
  • prekursor-o precursor, forerunner. — EFIS
  • pre-last-a next to the last, last but one; (gram.) penultimate; -a silabo: penult.
  • prelat-o prelate. — DEFIRS
  • preliminar-a preliminary; -i: (the) preliminaries. — DEFIRS
  • prelud-ar (intr., mus.) to play a prelude. — DEFIS
  • pre-matur-a premature.
  • pre-medit-ar (tr., intr.) to premeditate; -o: premeditation; (jur.) malice aforethought, malice prepense; -e: designedly, wilfully; with malice aforethought.
  • premi-o (com., fin., insurance) premium, bounty, bonus; (in competitions) a prize; -izar: to give a premium or prize to. — DEFIRS
  • premic-o, -i first-fruits; (fig.) first mass (of a newly ordained priest). — FIS
  • premis-o (log.) premise. — DEFIS
  • pren-ar to take: lay hold of, by hand, etc.); -o: taking, prehension; (at cards) trick; -iva: prehensile; -ar per la dento: to take hold of with the teeth; -ar ulu ye la brakio: to take someone by the arm; -ar kozi inverse (od reverse): to take things the wrong way, amiss; de-, for- -ar: to take from, remove. — FI
  • pre-nom-o first name, Christian name; -izar: to christen, give a first name to (ulu).
  • pre-onkl-ulo great uncle.
  • pre-opinion-o prepossession, presumption.
  • pre-pag-ar (tr.) to prepay.
  • prepar-ar (tr., intr.) to prepare (su, ulu, ulo, por, kontre); -(ad)o: preparation, preparing; -ajo: (also chem.) preparation (made); -anta, -iva, -ala: preparatory, preparative. Def.: Aranjar antee; predispozar. Ex.: preparar dineo, diskurso, la mento, por voyajar. — DEFIRS
  • preponder-ar (intr.) to preponderate: have a superiority in weight or influence; -o: preponderance, sway; -anta: preponderant, prevailing; convincing (reason). — DEFIS
  • prepozicion-o (gram.) preposition. — DEFIRS
  • prepuc-o (anat.) prepuce, foreskin. — EFIS
  • prerogative-o prerogative: exclusive pivilege or right. — DEFIRS
  • pres-ar (tr.) to press: bear upon with force or weight; -eso alta, basa: high, low pressure; kun-presar la denti: to clinch (clench) the teeth. — DEFIRS
  • pre-sapor-o foretaste.
  • pre-sav-o foreknowledge, prescience.
  • presbit-a, -o far-sighted (person), presbyte, presbyopic. — DEFIS
  • presbiteri-o council of parish trustees; vestry council, presbytery (church elders); -ano: church warden. — DEFIRS
  • presbiter-ismo Presbyterianism; -ista, -isto: presbyterian. — DEFIRS
  • pre-sent-ar (tr.) to have a presentiment of (ulo). Def.: Havar sentimento nepreciza, instintatra pri ulo qua forsan eventos.
  • pre-sign-o presage, omen.
  • preske (adv.) almost, nearly, all but, scarcely. Ex.: Me vendis preske omno. Preske nulo restas. Laboro preske parfinita. Me preske nultempe vidis il. V. exp.: vid. quaze. — FI
  • pre-skis-ar (tr.) to make a preliminary sketch of.
  • preskript-ar (tr.) to prescribe: to set down authoritatively, to direct, order; (med.) to direct as a remedy; -o: (gen.) precept, direction; (med.) prescription (cf. recepto). — EFIS
  • presktir-ar (tr., jur.) to bar or be lost by statute of limitation. Def.: Preskrito: perdo od aboliso di yuro pos definita tempo. — FIS
  • pre-sorg-ar (tr., intr.) to take precautions, be cautious (pri, kontre); -ante, -ema: precautionary, cautious, wary; -o: precaution.
  • prest-ar (tr.) to lend, loan (ulo ad ulu); -o: lending, loan (act); -ajo: that which is loaned, a loan; -isto (po gajo): pawnbroker; -ar po interesto: to loan at interest. — FIS
  • prestacion-o (feudal law) prestation. Def.: Speco di kontributo per laboro o pekunio por la manteno di la publika voyi, e.c.. — DEFIS
  • prestij-o prestige. Def.: Speco di autoritato od influo, qua venas de l’extera aspekto ed efikas per l’opiniono ed imaginado. — DEFIRS
  • pre-supoz-ar (tr.) to presuppose; -o, -ajo: presupposition.
  • pretend-ar (tr.) to lay claim to (ulo); be a pretender to (a throne, etc.); -o: pretension, claim; -ema: pretentious; (cf. pretextar). — DEFIRS
  • preter (prep.) passing, past (by): indicates motion from one side to the other past a certain object; preter-irar: (tr., intr.) to pass (by), go beyond; (fig.) to overreach (cf. devancar); la kavaliero ne haltis apud la kirko ma kavalkadis preter ol: the knight did not stop at the church but rode past it; departinte ante ni, la amiki arivis pos ni; nam ni rajuntis li e preteriris li: having departed before us, our friends arrived after us; for we overtook them and passed them by. — L
  • preterit-o (gram.) preterit(e): a past tense. — DEFIS
  • preter-pas-ar (tr.) to pass by (ulu, ulo)
  • pretext-ar (tr.) to allege (as a pretext), pretend, feign, sham (ulo); -o: pretext, pretence: ostensible reason; -o falsa, versembl-anta: fake, specious, pretended; il pretextas nesavo: he pretends ignorance; pretextar ula afero urjanta: to allege pressing business; kun pretexto di maladeso: under pretence of illness. — EFIS
  • pretor-o (Rom. antiq.) pretor, prætor; -eyo: pretorium; -ano: a pretorian soldier. — DEFIRS
  • pre-urb-o suburb (= F. faubourg: district which is or was formerly outside the city walls; cf. sub-urbo); -ala: suburban; -ano: suburbanite.
  • pre-valor-ar (tr.) to prevail (cf. preponderar, vinkar). Ex.: Favoro ofte prevaloras super merito.
  • prevarik-ar (intr.) to betray one’s trust (N.B. not ‘to lie’; cf. mentiar); -o: breach of trust (esp. in public office). Def.: Faliar sua devo pro interesto o ne-sincereso. Ex.: Ministro, judiciisto, qua prevarikas en sua ofico. — FIS
  • prevent-ar (tr.) to prevent, ward off, forestall; -iva, -ivo: preventive. Def.: Impedar o remediar ula evento (mala) ante lua aparo. — EFIS
  • pre-vid-ar (tr.) to foresee, anticipate; -o: foresight, prevision; -ema: provident, prudent, careful; -ante: in anticipation of (ulo).
  • prevost-o provost. Def.: Titulo uzata en diversa faki: eklezio, militistaro, polico, etc. (La epiteti o la kuntexto specialigos olu). — EFI
  • prezent-a (in space) present: not absent; (in time) present: not past or future (cf. nuna); -e: at present, now; -o: (the) present (time); (gram.) present tense; -eso: presence: existence in a place. V. exp.: On parolas pri persono prezenta same kam evento prezenta. Ant.: absenta, pasinta. — DEFIS
  • prezerv-ar (tr.) to preserve, save: keep from injury (ulu, ulo, de, kontre); (cf. konfitar, konservar); -iva, -ivo, -ilo: peservative. Ex.: Preservar ulu de grande danjero. — DEFIRS
  • prezid-ar (tr., intr.) to preside over; to take the chair, be chairman; -o: presiding; -anto, -ero, -isto: president, chairman; -ant-eso: (function, duration) presidency; chairmanship; -ant-ala: presidential. — DEFIRS
  • Prezidi-i Presides (islands).
  • prezunt-ar (intr.) presumptuous, presuming; to have undue confidence in oneself; -o: presumption, excess of self-confidence; -ema, -oza: presuming, too confident, self-conceited; without proper basis in reason. V. exp.: vid. superba. Ex.: Yuneso esas prezuntoza. — EFIS
  • pri (prep.) about, concerning, relating to, in regard to, in reference to, as regards, re, apropos of; joyoza pri la bona informo: glad about the good news; diskurso pri ekonomio: lecture on economy; pri quo ve pensas nun? what are you thinking about now? me pensas pri mea gepatri: I am thinking about my parents; me ne savas pri to: I do not know about that.
  • prikl-ar (tr., intr.; of sensation) to prickle, tingle; sentar -eso di la gambi: to feel one’s legs asleep. — DE
  • prim-a primary: first in order of development, of time; not derived; -tipo: archetype; -avi (nia): (our) first parents; -a nombri, kolori: prime numbers, colo(u)rs; -o: (fig., fencing) prime; (R.C. Lit.) prime. — DEFIRS
  • primadon-o primadonna. — DEFIRS
  • primar-a primary, elementary: first or lowest in order; -a skolo: primary school; -a tereni: (geol.) strata earliest deposited. — DEFIS
  • primat-o (eccl.) primate. — DEFIS
  • primitiv-a primitive; -o: (hist. gram.) a primitive. Ex.: Primitiva naturo, eklezio, linguo. — DEFIRS
  • primordial-a primordial. — DEFIS
  • primroz-o (bot.) primrose (Primula grandiflora). — E
  • primul-o (bot.) cowslip (Primula officinalis). — DEFIS
  • princ-o prince or princess (cf. rej-ido); -ino: princess; -ulo: p.; -ala, -atra: princely; -eso: (dignity, rank) princedom; -o lando, -io: (territory) principality; -o-spoz-ulo: prince consort; -o salika: Salic prince; -et-acho: a petty prince, princeling. — DEFIRS
  • princip-o principle; supozo di -o: (log.) petitio principii, begging the question. Ex.: Extablisar principo. La principo di movo. Homo sen-principa. — DEFIRS
  • Principe (insulo) Principe (island).
  • printempo spring (-time); (fig.) prime, bloom of youth; -ala: spring, vernal. — EF
  • prior-o prior or prioress (in a convent); -ino: prioress; -ulo: p.; -eyo: priory, religious house. — DEFIRS
  • prior-a prior, before (cf. antea); (jur.) priority. Def.: Qua pasas avan irgu pri ula kozo. Ex.: La parento havas la yuro di prioreso (pro anteeso) dum un yaro. — DEFIS
  • prismat-o prism; -a, -atra: prismatic; triangula -o: triangular prism. — DEFIRS
  • pritane-o (Gr. antiq.) prytaneum. — DEFIRS
  • privac-ar (tr.) to deprive, take from, strip off; to bereave; -ar su: to deprive, stint, deny oneself (de); -o: (act) privation; -eso: (state) deprivation, loss, want, bereavement; -ala, -anta, -iva: (gram.) privative; (jur.) in severalty. Ex.: Privacar ulu de lua havajo, lua libereso. Privaco de vidado. — EFIS
  • privat-a private; -eso: privacy. Ant.: publika. — DEFIR
  • privilej-o privilege: peculiar advantage or benefit; -izar: to grant a privilege to a (ulu); -iz-ita, -ito: privileged (person). — DEFIRS
  • priz-ar (tr.) to appreciate, like, prize, value. Ex.: Prizar la bona qualesi, la meriti, la servado, la judiko, la opiniono, du ulu. — DEF
  • prizent-ar (tr.) to present: set or place before; (milit.) to present (arms); to introduce; (cf. ofrar, montrar, expozar). Ex.: Prizentar buketo. Prizentar akredito-letro ad ulu. Ca afero prizentas granda avantaji. Prizentar ulu a la rejo. — DEFIRS
  • pro (prep.) because of, on account of, out of, owing to, in consequence of; pro ke: (conj.) because, since, on the ground that, (cf. nam); pro quo? why? pro to: that is why; pro quo ne? why not? trista pro la desfortuno: sad because of misfortune; pro jaluzeso: out of jealousy; malada pro diabeto: sick with diabetes; sufrar pro dursto: to suffer from thirst; dispensita de ulo pro infirmajo (od pro ke il esis infirma): exempt from something on account of infirmity (or because he was too infirm). Ex.: El ne povis venar, pro ke el esis malada. Pro quo vu amas il? Pro ke il esas mea amiko. Pro quo vu ne volas venar kun me? Pro ke me ne havas sata tempo. Pro quo vu ne prestas la pekunio ad il? Me ne konocas il; pro to me ne prestos la pekunio. — L
  • prob-ar (tr.) to test, make trial of, put to test, prove by experiment; (cf. esforcar); (of ore metals) to assay; -e-metar: to try on (clothing); -o-temp-iero: probationer; -ero, -isto: tester, assayer; -o-stono: touchstone; -ar chanco, risko: to run a chance, to take a risk. Ex.: Probar paf-armo. Probar sua forteso. La febla ucelo probas sua ali. Probo di la oro. — DFIS
  • probabl-a probable: likely, having more evidence than the contrary; which is likely to happen; -e: probably; -ajo: probability: thing probable; -eso: (quality) likelihood, probability; -ismo: (theol.) probabilism; kalkulo (od teorio) di la probabl-esi: (math.) theory of probabilities, doctrine of chances. Ex.: La aventajo semblas apene probabla (od, semblas neprobabla). Existas nula probableso ke il venos. — EFIS
  • problem-o problem; -atra: problematical, doubtful. Ex.: Geometriala problemo. Ol esas problem solvenda. Pozar ulo kom problemo. — DEFIRS
  • proced-ar (intr.) to proceed, go on (ad ulo); to act, behave in a certain way; -o: proceeding, way of acting, behaviour, process. Ex.: Procedar a la exameno di kandidato. Procedar lente, cirkonspekte. Simpligar la procedo. Procedo kemiala. — EFIS
  • procedur-o (jur.) procedure: manner of proceeding; practice; proceedings: measures taken in the prosecution of an action; -ema: litigious. Ex.: Kodexo di civila proceduro. Spenso di proceduro. — DEFIR
  • procent-o percentage (N.B. does not refer to interest or rent of capital; cf. po). Def.: Raporto di la du nombri. Ex.: Il postulas kin po cento kom procento. Me kolokis 1000 fr. ye la procento di quar po cento. La procento di la naski, di la morti, di la mariaji en ula populo o habitantaro. — DEFIRS
  • proces-ar (intr., jur.) to bring action, go to law, institute proceedings, prosecute, proceed (kontre ulu); (law-) suit, action; trial; -ema: litigious; -anto: litigant. — DEFIRS
  • procesion-ar (intr.) to walk in procession, to make a procession (in the streets, in the church, etc.); -e, -atre: in procession. — DEFIRS
  • procesor-o processor (central processing unit). — DEFIRS
  • procid-o (theol.) spiration.
  • prod-a, -o valiant, gallant, doughty (person); -eso: prowess, valo(u)r; -ajo: a feat of valor, exploit. — FIS
  • prodig-ar (tr.) to lavish, be prodigal of, be unsparing of; -achar: to squander waste; -ado, -em-eso: prodigality, lavishness, extravagance; -ema filiulo: prodigal son. Def.: Spensar abundante ed ecese (en un sama okaziono). V. exp.: Prodigar povas havar laudanta senco. On prodigas sua havajo, sua sorgi, sua bonfaci a un o poka personi. ‘Deo prodigas sua graco a la pekanto’; kp. disipar.
  • prodrom-o (med.) prodrome: premonitory symptom of disease. — DEFIS
  • produkt-ar (tr.) to produce, engender, bring forth, bear, yield; (cf. genitar); -uro, -ajo: product; -anto, -ero: producer; -anta, -iva, -ema: producing, productive. Ex.: Ca lando produktas multa oro. La arbori produktas frukti. La autoro produktas verki. La milito produktas granda malaji. La produktaji di naturo. Sulo produktiva. — DEFIRS
  • profan-a profane: not sacred; related to secular affairs; proceeding from contempt of sacred things; -(ul)o: person uninitiated into any mystery or rite; person not conversant with any art or science; an outsider; -ajo: a profane thing or act (cf. profanacar); Ex.: Profana parolado, historio, konduto, ago, naturo. Mixar la profanaji kun la sakraji. — DEFIS
  • profanac-ar (tr.) to profane: treat sacred things with abuse, irreverence, contempt; to desecrate; (tr.) to degrade, debase; -(ad)o: profanation. Ex.: Profanacar templo. Profanado di sua talenti. — DEFIRS
  • profes-ar (tr.) to profess, make a profession of; -o: profession. Def.: Deklarar publike. Ex.: On profesas religio, kredo, doktrino, fido pri ulu od ulo. — EFIS
  • profesion-o (occupation) profession; -ala: professional; -ano: member of a profession; -e: professionally, by profession. Ant.: amatoro. — DEFIRS
  • profesor-o professor (in a university, college, seminary); -ala: professorial; -eso: professorship. — DEFIRS
  • profet-o prophet, seer; -ala: prophetic: relating to a prophet. (cf. pre-dic-anta). — DEFIS
  • profil-o profile, side-face, -view; -izar: to draw or show (ulu, ulo); in profile; -igar su: to appear, stand out in profile; -e posturar: (intr.) to pose in profile; mi- -e: (photog.) a pose between back and profile. — DEFIRS
  • profilaxi-o (med.) prophylaxis. — DEFIRS
  • profit-ar (tr.) to profit (pecuniarily or otherwise); (cf. ganar); -igar: to cause profit to (ulu). Def.: Avantajizar per ulo; ganar per ulo. Ex.: Profitar (ulo) per komercaji vendita, konsilo donita. — DEFIR
  • profund-a deep, profound: extending far below the surface; (fig.) abstruse, sagacious; -eso: (quality) depth, profundity; -ajo: depth (a place); -igar: to deepen; lago -a de kin metri: a lake five meters deep; des-, ne- -a: shallow; min-, ne- -ajo: shoal; min-, plu- -eskar: to shelve. Def.: Qua relatas la triesma dimensiono (generale vertikala) ed aplikesas a l’interna dimensiono di objekto kava. (Vazo esas alta, regardata de extere; ol esas profunda, se on konsideras lua kavajo.) Ex.: Profunda puteo, vunduro. Profunda dormo, doloro, nul-savo. Cienco, pensero, raskalo profunda. Studiar profunde. — EFIS
  • progesteron-o progesterone. — DEFIRS
  • prognoz-ar (tr., med.) to prognosticate: foretell (ulo) from present symptoms; to make a prognosis. — DEFIRS
  • program-o program: written outline of entertainment or ceremony; (of a theater) playbill; (of a political party) platform; (in a university) syllabus; (fig.) plan, project. — DEFIRS
  • progres-ar (intr.) to progress, make progress; -(ad)o: progressing, advancement; -anta, -iva, -ema: progressive; -emo: a progressive person; (fig.) a liberal, radical. Ex.: La atako kontre l’enemiko progresas. La progreso di incendio, di inundado, di studiado, di morbo. Ant.: retro-irar, regresar. — DEFIRS
  • progresion-o (math., biol.) progression. — DEFIRS
  • projekt-ar (tr., geom. opt.) to project; -o, -uro: projection; -ajo: that which is projected; -aparato: a projector. Ex.: Korpo qua projektas sua ombro sur altra. Projekto di Mercator. — DEFIRS
  • projektil-o (mechan., artil.) projectile. — DEFIS
  • projektor-o beam-thrower, projector (as of a searchlight).
  • projet-ar (tr.) to plan, scheme, purpose, to form a project; -o: project; -ata, -ita: projected, contemplated. Ex.: Projetar longa voyajo. Projetar facar ulo. Ca homo sen-cese projetas, ma ultempe parfinas ulo. — DEFIRS
  • proklam-ar (tr.) to proclaim, cry out, give out; -o, -ajo, -uro: proclamation. Ex.: Proklamar ulu kom rejo. Proklamar la bona agi di uli. Publikigar proklamajo. — DEFIRS
  • proklitik-o (gram.) proclitic. — DEFIS
  • prokonsul-o (Roman. antiq.) proconsul. — DEFIRS
  • prokur-ar (tr.) to procure, get, obtain; -isto di employi: keeper of an employment office. Ex.: Prokurar employeso por ulu. Prokurar manjajo por ulu. — EFIS
  • prokurac-o procuration: power to act for another, proxy; the instrument which empowers, warrant, letter of attorney; -iero: one who holds proxy, proxy-holder; -izar: to empower (ulu); agar per -iero: to act by proxy. — DEFIRS
  • prokurator-o (Rom. antiq.) procurator. — DEFIRS
  • prolegomen-o prolegomenon. — DEFIS
  • proleps-o (rhet., biol., medic.) prolepsis. — DEFIS
  • proletari-o proletarian, labo(u)rer, worker; -a, -ala: proletarian; -eso: (state, condition) proletariat; -aro: (collect.) proletariat, laboring class, non-possessing class. — DEFIRS
  • prolifer-ar (tr.) to proliferate.
  • prolix-a prolix, verbose, diffuse (style, discourse, narrative, etc.); -eso: prolixity. Ant.: lakonika, kurta. — DEFIS
  • prolog-o prologue. Ant.: epilogo. — DEFIRS
  • prolong-ar (tr.) to lengthen, extend (by addition, in space); -o, -uro: prolongation. Def.: Adjuntar ad ula kozo ulo suplementala, qua konstitucas integrajo kun ol, e qua nomesas prolonguro. V. exp.: Plu-long-igar relatas tempo, durado. On prolongas kayo, muro; ma on plulongigas vivo, voyajo, milito. — DEFIS
  • promen-ar (intr.) to go for a walk, promenade, walk, stroll (for pleasure); -igar: to take (ulu) out walking; -(ad)o: (act) walk(ing); -eyo: place for walking, promenade. — DEFR
  • promis-ar (tr.) to promise (ulu, ad ulu; facar ulo); (fig., of weather, etc.) to forebode; -o-lando: land of promise; -ar per sua honoro: to give his word (cf. honor-promiso); exekutar (od satisfacar) sua -o: to keep one’s promise; be as good as one’s word; violacar (od faliar) sua promiso: violate one’s promise, break his word. — DEFIS
  • promoc-ar (tr.) to promote: raise, advance (someone to a higher rank, grade); -o: promotion, preferment (of officers, learners, etc.). — DEFIS
  • promontori-o (geog.) promontory, headland. — DEFIS
  • promulg-ar (tr.) to promulgate (laws, etc.) — DEFIS
  • pron-ar (intr., R.C. ch.) ‘to pronate’. V. exp.: Prono esas nek prediko nek solena diskurso. Ol kontenas diversa prego-formuli, rekomendi, konsili, avizi e fine instrukto-diskurso familiara facata por la parokiani dum la meso. — F
  • pronac-ar (tr.) to pronate: turn the palm of the hand downward or backward; -anto, -anta muskulo: pronator muscle.
  • pronom-o pronoun; -ala: pronominal. — DEFIS
  • pront-a ready: prepared, in readiness; willing, disposed; -igar: to make (ulu, ulo) ready; -a ad departar: ready to go; -a por omno: ready for anything; la dineo esas -a: dinner is ready. — IS
  • pronukle-o (biol.) pronucleus.
  • pronunc-ar (tr.) to pronounce (words; cf. artikular); -o-defekto: impediment of speech. — EFIS
  • propag-ar to propagate: multiply or continue by generation; (fig.) to spread abroad, diffuse; -esar: to be propagated; -anto, -ero, -emo: propagator. Ex.: Esas necesa propagar la animali e la vejetantaro utila. Propagar lumo. — DEFIRS
  • propagand-ar to spread propaganda, to propagandise. Def.: Difuzar informi e/o opinioni por persuadar altri adoptar la sama kredi ed opinioni. — DEFIRS
  • proporcion-o (also arith.) proportion: relation, ratio; -igar, -izar: (tr.) to proportion: adjust relatively; -ala: proportional; -alo meza: mean proportional; -al-eso: proportionality; -e, -ale: in proportion (ad), pro rata, proportionately; -igita bone: well proportioned; sen- -a: disproportionate. Ex.: Proporcionigar la spensi a la recevaji. Proporcionigar la puniso a la kulpo. — DEFIRS
  • propoz-ar (tr.) to propose: to offer (ulo) for consideration; to propound; to move (a resolution or amendment); -o: (act) proposal, offer; (parl.) motion; -ajo: what is proposed, proposition; V. exp.: vid. ofrar. — DEFIRS
  • propozicion-o (log., gram., geom., theol.) proposition. — DEFIRS
  • propr-a own, belonging to, proper, peculiar to; -ajo: something which belongs to someone or something, peculiarity, characteristic, attribute, property, one’s own; (cf. singular-ajo, partikular-ajo); -eso: quality of being somebody’s own; -e: properly, strictly; -a dic-ita: properly so-called; -e parol-ante: strictly speaking; -igar: to appropriate: consign to a particular person; -igar a su: to appropriate: to one’s own use, make (ulo) one’s own; -amo: self-love, -esteem, -respect, conceit; ‘amour-propre’; raciono esas propra (od esas proprajo) di la homo: reason is peculiar to man; -a nomo: proper name or noun; la propra signifiko di vorto: the proper meaning of a word; me facis omno per mea propra manui: I did it all with my own hands; persono havas karakterizivi propra: a person has his own (or peculiar) characterisics; la proprajo di magneto: the property of a magnet; lua propra filiulo: his own son. — EFIS
  • propretor-o (Rom. hist.) propretor. — DEFIRS
  • propriet-ar (tr.) to own: have legitimate possesion of (cf. posedar); -o: ownership; -ajo: that which is owned, property; -anto, -ero: owner, proprietor; -o literatur-ala: copyright; -o nuda: bare ownership; (jur.) property without usufruct of it, revisionary interest. — EFIS
  • propuls-ar (tr.) to propel, drive forward; -ilo: propeller (cf. helico). — DEFIS
  • prorog-ar (tr.) to prorogue (parliament). — DEFIS
  • prosektor-o prosector: assistant disector or professor of anatomy.
  • prosenkim-o (bot.) prosenchyma.
  • prosilogism-o (log.) prosyllogism.
  • proskrib-ar (tr.) to proscribe, outlaw. V.exp.: vid. exilar. — DEFIRS
  • prospekt-o prospectus: preliminary statement of a plan, scheme, or literary work. — DEFIRS
  • prosper-ar (intr.) to prosper, be successful, thrive; -ema: propitious; havar prosperala mieno: have an air of prosperity, look successful. — DEFIS
  • prostat-o (anat.) prostate gland. — DEFIS
  • prostatit-o (med.) prostatis. — DEFIS
  • prostern-ar (intr.) to prostrate oneself (cf. prostracar); -igar: to cause someone to prostrate himself. Def.: Jetar su avan ulu, ulo, kom signo di adoro o humila respekto (ago o gesto ceremoniala). — EFIS
  • prostez-o (gram.) prosthesis. — DEFIS
  • prostituc-ar (tr.) to prostitute: make a prostitute of (ulu); (fig.) to degrade (su); put (ulu, ulo) to a base use; -eyo: house of prostitution; -at-ino: a prostitute. — DEFIRS
  • prostrac-ar (intr.) to be in a stare of prostration (extreme physical weakness) be prostrated; -o: (med. and gen.) prostration (cf. prosterno). Def.: Esar en stando di extrema depreso, mentala o korpala. — EFIS
  • protagonist-o protagonist: (theater) chief actor; (fig.) one who takes the lead in any great matter. — DEFS
  • protaktini-o protactinium. — DEFIRS
  • protal-o (bot.) prothallium.
  • protandr-a (zool.) protandric.
  • prote-o (myth.) Proteus; (fig.) a man who frequently changes his opinions; (zool.) proteida; -ala: protean. — DEFIRS
  • protecion-ismo (polit. econ.) protectionism; -isto: protectionist. — DEFIRS
  • protein-o protein. — DEFIS
  • protekt-ar (tr.) to protect, defend; -anta, -iva, -ema: protecting, protective, fostering; -ato: person protected; (fig.) protégé. Ex.: Protektar lo febla, la inocenti, la urbo. Protektata kontre la koldeso. — DEFIRS
  • protektorat-o protectorate. Def.: Autoritato asumita da plu-forta stato super inferiora o dependata stato, partikulare pri la relati exterlanda. — DEFIRS
  • protest-ar (intr.) to protest (publicly); (tr., com.) to protest (payment on a bill). Def.: Asertar forte, solene, publike. Ex.: Protestar kontre abrogo. Il protestas ke omno esis facata kontre lua volo. Protestar pago. — DEFIRS
  • protestant-a, -o protestant; -eso, -ismo: protestantism. — DEFIRS
  • protez-o (surg.) prosthesis. Def.: Adjunto di artificala parto por remplas-igar parte o tote korpala defekto (ex.: artificala gambo). — DEFI
  • protist-o (biol.) protist. — DEFIS
  • protogin-a (bot.) protogynous; -eso: protogyny. — DEFIS
  • protokol-o (parl.) written minutes (of proceedings); (diplom.) protocol; ‘proces verbal’, official report (by functionary, as of a crime). — DEFIRS
  • proton-o proton. — DEFIRS
  • protoplasm-o protoplasm. — DEFIRS
  • protoplast-o (biol.) — DEFIS
  • prototip-o prototype. — DEFIS
  • protozo-o (zool.) protozoan. — DEFIS
  • protuberanc-a protuberant, prominent (cf. sali-anta); -o: (anat., astron. and gen.) protuberance, prominence: projecting part. — DEFIRS
  • Provenc-o Provençe; -ano: Provençal.
  • proverb-o proverb, adage (cf. sentenco); -a, -atra: proverbial; -eskar: to become a proverb; become proverbial; -o-komedio: short dramatic composition. Def.: Kurta, populara precepto o dicajo. — DEFIS
  • providenc-o providence (of God); -ala: providential. — EFIRS
  • provinc-o province; (fig.) shire, country district or region outside of a capital city; -ala: provincial; -atra: countrylike; -ano: a provincial, a country person; -estro: (rel.) a monastic superior; -al-ajo: a provincialism; a provincial idiom; -al-ismo: provincialism (system). — DEFIRS
  • proviz-ar (tr.) to provide, supply, furnish (ulu, per ulo); to victual; -o, -uro: providing, supply, stock, store; -anto, -ero, -isto: provider, supplier, caterer, purveyor; (milit.) sutler, canteen-worker. Ex.: Provizar armeo per municioni. Provizar ulu per omna necesaji. V exp.: vid. furnisar. — DEFIRS
  • provizor-a provisional, temporary, transitory; -e: provisionally, temporarily; -ajo: provisional measure, arangement. — DEFIRS
  • provok-ar (tr.) to provoke: call forth; incite, incense; -anta, -iva, -ema: provoking, provocative; -ar a kombato: to call forth to combat. Def.: Agar segun maniero por produktar reprezalo. — DEFIRS
  • proxenet-o panderer, pimp, go-between; -ino: procuress; -eso: business, position of being a pimp. Def.: Persono qua agas kom mediacero en shaminda afero. — FIS
  • proxim (prep.) near, by, close to, nigh to; (of time and space; for quantities cf. cirkum; cf. apud); li esis proxim la urbo: they were near the city; proxim la instanto decidiganta: near the decisive moment; -e: (adv.) near, nigh, close; il lojas proxime: he lives close by; -a: near, next, bordering upon; ka vu akompanos me a la proxima strado? will you accompany me to the next street? printempo esas proxima: spring is near; la maxim proxima urbo: the nearest city; ta urbo esas plu proxima: that city is nearer; -eso: proximity, nearness; -igar: to bring, draw (ulo, ulu) near; il proxim-igas la hundo: he made the dog come near him; -eskar: to draw nigh, approach, to approximate; la hundo proximeskas: the dog came near; la tempo proximeskas; the time draws nigh; to esas nur proxime justa: that is only approximately right; proxim-igo ad la vereso: approximation to the truth. — EFIRS
  • proz-o prose; -altra: prosaic, dull, matter of fact; -atr-eso: prosiness; -ajo: piece of prose. — DEFIRS
  • prozelit-o proselyte. — DEFIRS
  • prozodi-o (gram.) prosody. — DEFIRS
  • prozopope-o (rhet.) prosopopœia: personification. — DEFIS
  • pru-o (nav.) bow, prow. Def.: L’avana parto di navo o batelo. — EFIS
  • prud-a prudish; -ino: a prude; -eso: (quality, characteristic prudishness); -ajo: a prudish act. Def.: Afektacante pudoroza. — DEF
  • prudent-a prudent, cautious, politic, discreet, wary; -(ul)o: a prudent person; -eso: prudence; -e: with prudence, discreetly; ne- -a: imprudent, rash. Def.: Saja e cirkonspekta en agado e konduto. V. exp.: vid. cirkonspekta. — EFIS
  • pruin-ar, -as (impers.) there is (or, we are having) a hoar frost (or, white frost); -o: hoar-frost, rime; -oza, -iz-ita: white with frost, rimy, frost-covered. — L
  • prun-o plum: prune; -iero: plum-, prune-tree (genus: Prunus); -ier-eyo: plum-orchard; sika -o: (dried) prune. — EFI
  • prunel-o (bot.) sloe: fruit of the blackthorn; -iero: sloe-tree, blackthorn-tree (Prunus spinosa). — FI
  • prunt-ar (tr.) to borrow (ulo, de ulu); (cf. prestar); -ajo: that which is borrowed, a loan. — F
  • prurit-ar (intr.) to itch; -(ad)o: itching; (med.) pruritis. Ex.: La skalpajo pruritas. — EFIS
  • Prusi-a Prussia; -ano: Prussian.
  • pruv-ar (tr.) to prove, demonstrate by experiment or argument (ulo, per ulu); -o: proving, proof, evidence; -anta, -iva: convincing, decisive, conclusive (arguments); (cf. konkluziva). — DEFIS
  • psalm-o psalm; -isto: psalmist; -libro, -aro: book of psalms; psalter; psalms (collect.); -o penitenc-ala: penitential psalm. — DEFIRS
  • psalmodi-ar (intr.) to psalmodize, to sing psalms; (tr.) to drone out, recite (ulo) in a sing-song manner; -o: psalmody, psalm-singing. (fig.) sing-song. Def.: Psalmodio: maniero kantar la psalmi (aplikebla ad altro kam psalmi). — DEFIS
  • psalteri-o psaltery: a stringed musical instrument. — DEFIRS
  • pseudo- pseudo-, false, counterfeit. A rarely used prefix.
  • pseudonim-a pseudonymous; -o: pseudonym, nom de plume, alias. Def.: Aganta o skribanta kun falsa nomo. — DEFIRS
  • pseudo-sfer-o (geom.) pseudosphere.
  • psik-o the conscious, knowing mind; -ala: psychical. Def.: La koncio fenomenala, la objekto di la ‘psikologio’ (tale psiko esas plu generala kam anmo). Ex.: Psikala kauzi, qualesi, dolori.
  • psikiatri-o psyschiatry. Def.: Kuracado di mentala morbi. — DEFIR
  • psikolog-o psychologist. — DEFIRS
  • psikologi-o psychology. Def.: Ta parto di filozofio qua traktas la mentala fakultati ed agado di la psiko. — DEFIRS
  • psikometr-o psychrometer, hygrometer. — DEFIRS
  • psikopat-o psychopath. — DEFIRS
  • psoas-o (anat.) psoas, lumbar muscle. — DEFI
  • pterigoid-a (anat.) pterigoid: wing-shaped.
  • pterodaktil-o pterodactyl. — DEFIRS
  • pteropod-o pteropod. — EFIS
  • ptomain-o (chem.) ptomaine. — DEFIS
  • puber-a pubescent: arrived at puberty; -eso: puberty. — EFIS
  • pubi-o (anat.) pubic bone; -ala: pubic. — EFIS
  • publican-o (Rom. hist.) publican. Def.: Recevisto dil imposto o censo por la Romani (e pro to odiata e desestimata da la Judi). — EFIS
  • publicist-o publicist. Def.: Persono qua skribis od esas erudita pri la yuri di nacioni, nacional ekonomiko, e.c. — DEFIRS
  • publik-a public (opp. to private); -o: (fig.) the public, the people (indefinately); -e: publicly, in public; -eso: (quality) publicity, notoriety; -igar: to make (ulo) public (cf. editar); -ig(ad)o: (act) publication: -ig-ajo: publication: that which is published; -a deklaro: manifesto; -a saneso: public health; la -a prospero: the public welfare. Ant.: privata. — DEFIRS
  • pudel-o poodle (-dog). — DER
  • «puding» (cook.) pudding.
  • puding-o (geol.) pudding-stone, conglomerate. — DEFIRS
  • pudl-ar (tr. metal.) to puddle; -isto: puddler; -o-forno: puddling-furnace. Def.: Konvertar feraji a forjita fero per fuzado. — DEFR
  • pudor-ar (intr., esp. of women) to feel a natural shame, modesty; be modest; -o: native bashfulness, modesty, pudency, pudicity; -oza, -ema: ashamed, bashful, chaste, modest, coy; -acho: pretended modesty; sen- -a: without shame, immodest. Def.: Pudoro: la sexuala modesteso quan la muliero specale sentas. — EFIS
  • pudr-o powder (for the toilet; cf. pulvero); -izar: to powder (the face, etc.); riz- -o: rice powder. — DEFR
  • puer-o child (of over seven years); -ino: girl; -ulo: boy; -ala, -atra: juvenile, childish, puerile; -al-eso, -atreso: (quality) childishness; -al-ajo: childish act or object. — EFL
  • puf-o large stuffed footstool; round ottoman seat. Def.: Sidilo (ped-apog-ilo) polsterizita (sen ula dors-apogilo). — DFR
  • pugn-o fist, -o-frap-ar: (tr.) to strike with the fist; -o-frapo: a punch; -o-frapeto: a cuff; -o-frapilo: (brass-) knuckle; -o-kombato: fistfight; -o-fort-eso: gripping power. — FIS
  • pul-o (billiard game) pool.
  • pulc-o (ent.) flea; -o-kolora: puce-colo(u)red. — FIS
  • pulchinel-o punchinello, Punch, buffoon; (fig.) puppet. — DEFIRS
  • puli-o pulley; (nav.) block; (tech.) sheave; -aro: bock and tackle, hoisting gear, compound pulley. — EFIS
  • pulikari-o (bot.) fleabane (genus:Pulicaria). — L
  • pulmon-o (anat.) lung; -ala: pulmonary. — EFIS
  • pulmonari-o (bot.) lungwort, pulmonary (genus: Pulmonaria).
  • pulmonit-o (med.) pneumonia, inflammation of the lungs. — FIS
  • pulp-o (of fruits, bot., pharm.) pulp; (cf. paplo); -oza, -atra: pulp-y, -ous; -igar: to reduce (ulo) to pulp. — DEFIS
  • puls-ar (tr., intr.) to push, thrust, drive (by force or violence); to impel (by pressure); to displace (by effort); to throb, pulsate, beat (as heart); (cf. shovar); -(ad)o: pushing, thrusting; pulse, pulsation, throbbing. Ex.: Pulsar veturo. Pulsar ulu ek chambro. Pulsar per la manuo. Pulsado di l’arterii. Palpar la pulsado di ulo. La vento pulsas la navo. — DEFIRS
  • pulsar-o pulsar, neutron star. — DEFIRS
  • pultr-o poultry: collective name for all domestic fowls; (cf. hano); -uno: one fowl; -eyo: poultry-house, place. — E
  • pulul-ar (intr.) to pullulate: grow or germinate abundantly (cf. mult-eskar; formik-umar); -(ad)o: pullulation: rapid increase, swarm. Def.: Multeskar abundege e rapide. Ex.: La pululado di mikrobi esas tre rapida. — EFIS
  • pulver-o powder: any dry stuff composed of small particles, as used in guns, pharmacy (cf. polvo, pudro); -a: of powder; -oza, -atra: powdery; -igar: to reduce (ulo) to powder, to pulverize; -ig-ita: pulverized; -iz-ar: to cover with p.; -ifar: to make, produce p.; -if-erio: p.-making establishment; -magazino: p.-magazine; -uyo: p.-holder, -horn; chas- -o: p. for hunting purposes; min- -o: p. for mining, blasting; karbon- -o: coal-dust; fek- -o: dried night-soil. — DEFIS
  • puma-o (zool.) puma, cougar (Felis concolor). — DEFIRS
  • pumic-o pumice (-stone); -agar: (tr.) to rub (ulo) with pumice. — EIS
  • pump-ar (tr.) to pump; -ilo: a pump; -isto: pumper; (fig.) fireman; aer- -ilo: air pump; incendio- -ilo: fire-engine. — DEFIS
  • punc-ar (tr.) to punch: indent with pump or die; -uro: (result) stamp (as of coins, medals, etc.); -ilo: punch. V. exp.: Puncar diferas de la stampo per ke stampar esas nur imprimar sur surfaco, kontre ke puncar esas penetrar o mem borar ula korpo. — DEFIS
  • punch-o (beverage) punch. — DEFIRS
  • puncion-ar (tr. surg.) to puncture, tap (a tumor, etc.). — DEFIS
  • pund-o pound (sterling). Def.: Unajo di monetaro britaniana. — E
  • punis-ar (tr.) to punish, chastise (ulu, por, per); -o: (act) punishment; -uro: penalty; -eso: punishment: state of being punished; -ala: penal; -anto, -ero: punisher, chastiser; -inda: punishable; -esar: to be punished (da, pro); -o per amendo: punishment by fine; -tasko: extra task (as at school); -laboro: hard labo(u)r; -domo: house of correction. — EFIS
  • puns-ar (tr.) to pounce (a design). Def.: Kopiar desegno per pulvero, quan on pasigas tra la trui di papero perforita segun la linei di la desegno. — EF
  • punt-o (geom., astron., typo., play) point; dot; position; period; small hole (as made by a needle or awl); -izar: to dot, prick, mark (ulo) with a point; to punctuate; -iz-ado, -uro: punctuation; dotting; -izo-signo: stop; -izar le ‘i’: to dot the i’s; -o-komo: semi-colon (;); klamo- -o: exclamation mark (!); bi-punto: colon (:); question- -o: question mark (?); suto- -o: stitch; kontakto- -o: p. of contact; depart- -o: p. of departure; seko- -o: p. of intersection; incido- -o: p. of incidence; halto- -o: stop; vid- -o: viewpoint; morto- -o: p. of death; kardinala -o: (geog.) cardinal p.; kriz-ala -o: critical p.; repoz- -o: (mus.) pause. — DEFIRS
  • puntu-ar to punctuate. — EFIS
  • pup-o poop, stern (of a ship, boat). Def.: Dopa parto di navo, di batelo. — EFIS
  • pupe-o doll, puppet; ludar per -o: to play with a doll; -atra: doll-like. — DEF
  • pupil-o (anat.) pupil (of eye). — DEFIRS
  • pupitr-o desk for reading, writing, drawing, etc. (N.B. not pulpit; cf. katedro); muzik- -o: music-stand. — FIS
  • pur-a pure (air, water, blood, wine, race, life, style, intentions, mathematics, etc.); genuine, unmingled, unalloyed; plain, mere, sheer; downright; -eso: purity, pureness; -e: purely, genuinely, merely; -igar: to make (ulo) pure, purify; -ig-anta, -ema: purifying; -ismo: (rhet.) excessive nicety, esp. in choice of words; -ista, -isto: purist(ic) (in choice of words); -sang-a: pure-blooded; -sang-ulo, -ino: thoroughbred. Def.: sen intermixuro; ne alterita, ne-viciizita, ne-koruptita. — DEFIS
  • pure-o purée: a thick soup, as of vegetables, boiled and strained. — DEFIS
  • purg-ar (tr. lit. and fig.) to purge (the body, soul, mind, etc.); -iva, -ivo: purgative; -ilo: a purging instrument. V. exp.: Purgar: kuracar per purgivo (quale purgar intestini); liberigar de nepurajo e stranjeraji (quale purgar metalo); liberigar de kulpi etikal, intelektala (quale purgar de prejudiko, misopiniono). — DEFIS
  • purgatori-o purgatory. — DEFIS
  • puritan-o a puritan; -ismo: Puritanism. — DEFIRS
  • purpur-o purple (colored); -o: purple, (the colo(u)r, dye); -atra: purplish; -izar: to empurple (ulo). — DEFIRS
  • pus-o (med.) pus: purulent matter; -ifar: to produce pus; suppurate; -oza, -if-anta: purulent, suppurative; -oz-eso: purulence. — DEFIRS
  • pustul-o pustule; (bot.) blister; -eto: small pustule; pimple (filled with matter). V. exp.: vid. papulo. — DEFIRS
  • putan-o prostitute; -ino: whore. — FIR
  • putativ-a putatative, reputed, supposed. Def.: Quan on supozas havar legal existo. Ex.: Putativa mariajo. — EFIS
  • pute-o well: shaft sunk in the ground for water, oil; -o-kordo: well-rope; -o-arteza: Artesian well. — FIS
  • putor-o (zool.) polecat (Putorius). — F
  • putr-ar (intr.) to putrify, rot; -eskar: to begin to putrify; -igar: to cause (ulo) to rot; -anta: rotting, putrifying; -inta: rotten, putrid; -ajo: rot, something rotten; -int-eso: putridity; -eyo: (tech.) rotting vat. — EFIS


Q

  • qu-a (relative and interrogative adjective-pronoun; acc. quan) who, what, which (person) (Note: qua used as an interrogative adjective has the same form in the plural as in singular; ex.: qua membri ne pagis ankore: which members have not paid yet?; used substantively it takes the form qui; there is no form quu; qua esas ibe: who is there.) qua viro venis: which man came? qua kloko esas: what time is it? (or, what is the hour?); la pluvo qua falis: the rain which fell; la libro quan me donis a vu: the book which I gave you; la puerino quan me amas: the girl whom I love; qua iras hike: (milit.) who goes there? quo: (acc. quon): what, which (thing, fact); (Note: The forms quo, quon are also used adjectively when referring to other pronouns ending in -o; as, to quo, co quo, omno quo, nulo quo; quo used as an interrogative refers to something indefinite; as, quo eventis? what happened; quo esas plu bona: which (thing) is better? quon il dicis? what did he say? quo, ka vera? what! is it true? quon (me devas) facar? what is to be done? (used adjectively) prenez to quon vu volas: take what you will. Qui (acc. quin) (pl. form of qua) who, what, which; qui parolis: who (plural) spoke? la personi qui parolis: the persons who spoke; ti quin me amas: those whom I love. — FIS
  • quadr-o freestone, ashlar: hewn or squared stone; opp. of kruda stono. — DI
  • quadrant-o (instrument) quadrant; (geom.) quadrant: quarter of a circumference of a circle. — DEFIRS
  • quadrat-a square; -a peco de papero: a s. piece of paper; -a nombro: a s. number: product of two equal factors; -o: a square; -ala: quadratic (equation, etc.); -igar: to s. (ulo), to form in s.s (uli); -igo: squaring, quadrature; -ig-ebla: which can be squared; -izar: to cover (ulo) with s.s, to checker; -iz-o, -uro: checker-work; -ope, -iz-ita: by s.s, checkerwise; checkered; areo de du quadrato-metri: area of two s. meters; areo de du metri quadrate (od, areo de quar quadrato-metri): an area of two meters square, i.e., of four square meters. Def.: Quadriangulo equilatera ed ortangula. — DEFIRS
  • quadratur-o (astron.) quadrature, quartile (aspect or relation of 90 degrees). — DEFIRS
  • quadri- quadri-, quadru-, quad-; four-. Used chiefly in scientific terms; -latera: quadrilateral; -peda: quadruped.
  • quadri-angul-a quadrangular, four-cornered, four-square, four-angled; -o: (geom. and bldg.) quadrangle.
  • quadrig-o (antiq.) quadriga. — DEFIS
  • quadrik-a, -o (math.) quadric. — DEFIS
  • quadril-o quadrille (dance and music); troop of horsemen (at a tournament); a game of cards played by four persons. — DEFIRS
  • quadri-later-o, -(al)a quadrilateral.
  • quadrilion-o quadrillion (1,000,000⁴). — DEFIS
  • quadri-manu-a quadrumanous.
  • quadri-ped-a, -o quadruped.
  • quadrirem-o (antiq.) quadrireme: galley with four banks of oars.
  • quadri-yar-a quadrennial.
  • quak! quack!
  • quaker-o (rel.) quaker. — DEFIRS
  • qual-a what (= what sort of, of what kind, what quality; indicating comparison); quala esas la vetero: what sort of weather is it?; quala viro il esas?: what kind of a man is he?; quala vento!: what a wind!; quala genio!: what genius!; quale: how; (in comparison) as, like; quale se: as though, as if; quale (od, qual-maniere) il facas ol?: how did he do it?; quale standas la malada infanti?: how are the sick children?; explikez quale vu facis ol: explain how you did it; quale vu standas?: how do you do?; se vu ne savas quale, ne facez ol: if you do not know how, do not do it; en ta loko, quale la texti dicas, erektesis granda monumento: in that place, as the texts say, was erected a great monument; Qual-eso: quality; the relative nature of something, good or bad; -eso prima: first or prime quality; -es-ala analizo: qualitative analysis. V. exp.: vid. kom. — DEFIS
  • quali-o (orni.) quail (Tetrao coturnix).
  • qualifik-ar (tr.) to qualify: to ascribe the quality of; (gram.) to express a quality; to style, term; -o: qualification: attribution of a quality or title; -anta: qualifying; -ilo: (gram.) a qualificative; -anto: (R.C. rel.) a qualificator. Def.: Expresar la qualeso di, atribuar qualeso ad ulu, ulo. Ex.: L’adjektivo qualifikas la nomo. Qualifikar ulu kom fripono. La verko esas qualifikita kom herezioza. — DEFIS
  • quankam (conj.) although, though. Ex.: Il esas jeneroza, quankam il ne esas richa. Quankam il esas mea amiko. — L
  • quant-a (quantifying adjective-pronoun) (of quantity, price) how much (ex.: quanta multo (od quanto) de ta stofo: quante to kustas?); (of numbers) how many (ex.: quanta homi mortis?) (of time) how long (ex.: dum quanta tempo il restis); quanta-foye: how many times; -e pok-a, -e: how little, how few; -e granda: how great, how big; -o: (concrete) quantity; -eso: (an abstract) quantity (as in math., physics, music, etc.); -esi imaginara: imaginary quantities; -esma dio di la monato: which day of the month; -es-ala: quantitative (analysis, etc.); quanto esas du plus tri?: how much is two plus three?; quanton (od, quante vu evas?): how old are you?; segun quante: in the measure as, as in so far as; quante min me manjas, tante min me drinkas: the less I eat, the less I drink; quante plu la homi posedas, tante plu li volas posedar: the more a man has, the more (or, so much the more) he wants. — DEFIS
  • quantum-o quantum. — DEFIRS
  • quar four; -opl-a, -o: quadruple, four-fold; -opl-igar: to quadruplicate; -opa: quaternate: disposed by fours; -a-dek: forty; -a-dek-esma: (ordinal) fortieth; -a-dek-imo: (fraction) a fortieth; quar-pec-igar: to divide (ulo) into four pieces; (for other derivative forms, cf. du). — EFIS
  • quaranten-o quarantine; impozar -o ad ulu: to q. (ulu). — DEFIRS
  • quarc-o (min.) quartz. — DEFIRS
  • quarcit-o quartzite. — DEFIRS
  • quark-o quark (atomic particle). — DEFIRS
  • quart-o (mus.) fourth; (fencing) quarte; (piquet) quart; (nav.) a four (or two) hour watch; quart-esar: to be on watch; prenar la -o: to take the watch. — DEFIRS
  • quartan-a quartan: occurring every fourth day; -a febro: q. fever. — DEFIS
  • quarter-o quarter: district, ward, section of a city. — DEFIRS
  • quartermastr-o (milit.) quartermaster: one who provides quarters, provisions, etc.; (nav.) quartermaster: a petty officer rating. — DEFIRS
  • quarteron-a, -o quadroon. Def.: Genitito da blanko e da mulato. — DEFIRS
  • quartet-o (mus.) quartet. — DEFIRS
  • quartik-o (math.) quartic. — EFIS
  • quasi-o (-kortico) (pharm.) quassia; -iero: (bot.) q. tree (Quassia amara). — DEFIS
  • quaternar-a (math., geol.) quaternary. — DEFIS
  • quaternion-o (math.) quaternion. — DEFIS
  • quatren-o quatrain. Def.: Poemeto di quar versi. — DEFIS
  • quaz-e, -a as it were, so to speak; (jur.) quasi; -a diftongo: a quasi-diphthong. Def.: En ula grado simila, ma ne tote tala. V. exp.: Quaze indikas nur semblo o simileso e ke esas poka difero inter du objekti. Preske indikas stando o grado proxima e esas termino di mezuro indikanta proximeso, kurta disto, tempo, grado. Ex.: quaze nigra; preske parfinita; il esis preske mortinta (il esis tre grave malada, vindita, e.c.); il esis quaze mortinta (il esis senmova, o simulis mortinto, ma esis forsan tote sana). — DEFIS
  • quaze-delikt-o (jur.) injury caused involuntarily.
  • quaze-kontrat-o (jur.) quasi-contract, implied contract.
  • quech-o damson (plum); (Prunus domestica); -iero: d. tree.
  • quer-ar (tr.) to fetch; -igar: to casue (ulu) to fetch (ulu, ulo); -igez la mediko: send for the doctor. Ex.: Irar por querar ulu, ulo. Sendar ulu por querar ulu, ulo. Venar por querar ulu, ulo. — FL
  • quercitron-o (bot.) quercitron, dyer’s oak (Quercus tinctoria). — DEFI
  • querk-o oak-tree (genus: Quercus); (cf. rovro); -o-ligna tablo: oaken table; -o sempre-verda: evergreen oak, holm oak (Quercus Ilex). — L
  • quest-ar (tr.) to collect (money, after solicitation), to make a collection; -(ad)o: collection, gathering (of money); offertory. Def.: Solicitar e recevar pekunio quale por karitatala od altra skopo. — FI
  • question-ar, -adar (tr., intr.) to question, ask questions of, interrogate (ulu, pri ulo); -o, -ado: query, question(ing), interrogation; (fig.) problem; -aro: set of questions (as for an examination, etc.); -ala, -iva: interrogative; -ema: inquisitive; -punto: q. point. V. exp.: vid. demandar, inquestar. — EFIS
  • questor-o (Rom. antiq.) quæstor, questor. — DEFIRS
  • qui see qua.
  • quiet-a (mental condition) quiet, peaceful, tranquil (cf. tranquila); -eso: quietude, quietness, calmness; -igar: to tranquilize, comfort, calm, reassure, quiet down (ulu); -eskar: to become quiet, calm; -ismo: quietism: a theological doctrine; -ig-anta: reassuring, comforting; ne- -a: uneasy (cf. anxi-oza). V. exp.: vid. kalma. — EFIS
  • quik (adv.; of time) immediately, at once, directly, forthwith (N.B. not the E. ‘quick’; cf. rapide, balde, subite); -a: done or happening at once, instantaneous, immediate; quik pos vua departo: immediately after your departure; irez quik: go immediately; me quik manjis ol: I ate it at once; quika halto: quick (immediate) stop; quika kompren-ebleso: immediate understanding; quik kande: as soon as (lit.: immediately when). Def.: Ye la sama instanto; exakte ye sam-tempo. — E
  • quin-o quinquina, cinchona, Peruvian bark; (cf. quinino); -iero: cinchona tree (Cinchona). — DEFIRS
  • quin see qua.
  • quinar-a quinary: consisting of five. — DEFIS
  • quing-o (fruit) quince; -iero: q. tree (Cydonia vulgaris).
  • quinin-o (chem.) quinine, quinia. Def.: Alkaloido extrakta di quino. — DEFIRS
  • quinkunc-o quincunx. Def.: Kinopa dispozo di kozi (un en omna angulo e un meze di quadrato). — DEFI
  • quinqua- five-. Used in scientific terms.
  • quinquagezim-o Quinquagesima, the Sunday before the beginning of Lent. — DEFIS
  • Quinsland-o Queensland; -ano: Queenslander.
  • quint-o (mus.) quint: interval of five consecutive notes; (fig.) a tenor violin; (piquet) quint: a sequence of five cards; (fencing) quinte: fifth guard. — DEFIRS
  • quintal-o (metr-ala) quintal: 100 kg (about 200 lbs.). — EFIS
  • quintan-a (febro) quintana: five-day fever.
  • quintesenc-o (lit. and fig.) quintessence, essential thing, pith (of a matter). — DEFIRS
  • quintet-o (mus.) quintet. — DEFIS
  • quintik-o (math.) quintic. — EFIS
  • quintilion-o quintillion (1,000,000⁵).
  • quiproqu-o quid pro quo, mistake, blunder. Def.: Intermixo di du personi o kozi. — DEFIS
  • quirit-o quirite: a citizen of ancient Rome in his civil capacity. — DEFIRS
  • quirl-ar (tr.) to twirl, querl; turn or wind (ulo) around. V. exp.: Agitar liquido, ex. kremo, per quirl-ilo. — DE
  • quit-a quit(s), clear; rid, free (de, pri ulo); discharged (from debt); -igar: to receipt (a bill, etc.); to give a receipt to (ulu); to pay off, clear up; -igo: receipt; quittance, discharge (from debt); -esar ye ulu: to be quits with someone, to owe one nothing; -igo o du-opl-igo: (to play) quits of double; -a reciproke: (to be) mutually quits; il quit-igis la recevo di mea letro: he acknowledged the receipt of my letter. — DEFS
  • quo see qua.
  • quocient-o (arith.) quotient. — DEFIS
  • quodlibet-o pun, quibble, sorry joke, jest. — F
  • quorum-o quorum. — EFIRS
  • quot-o quota, portion, share, contribution. Def.: Parto quan on devas pagar o recevar, en repartiso di ula sumo totala. — DEFIS


R

  • rabat-ar (tr.) to make a reduction in (value or price); (cf. diskontar); -o: reduction, diminution, rebate, abatement (in price); -e vendar: to sell at a reduced price; -e komprar: to buy at a discount; esas granda rabato en la preco di ca vari: there is a great reduction in the price of these goods. Def.: Rabato: diminuto di preco grantita da la vendisto a la kompranto. — DEFIRS
  • rabi-o rabies, canine madness (cf. hidrofobio); -ala: relating to rabies; -ika, -iko: rabid (person or animal). — EFIS
  • rabin-o (Jewish) rabbi, rabbin; -ala: rabbinical; -ismo: rabbinism; -isto: rabbinist: one who adheres to the tradition of the rabbins. — DEFIRS
  • rabot-o (carp.) plane; -agar: (tr.) to plane; -o-spano: shaving; -mashino: a planer; listel- -o: rabbet plane. — F
  • racem-o (bot.) raceme. — DEFIS
  • racion-o (faculty) reason, power of understanding, intellect; (cf. motivo, expliko, kauzo, rezonar); -ala: rational (act, thing); -oza: rational (person); -al-eso: rationality; -al-ismo: rationalism; -al-isto: rationalist; evo di -o: age of reason; des-, ne-, sen-, kontre-racion-a: unreasonable, irrational. Def.: La fakultato per qua on konocas e judikas. — DEFIRS
  • rad-o (nav.) roads, roadstead; en-irar (la) -o: to go into the road. — DFIRS
  • radar-o radar. Def.: Aparato, detektoro, qua emisas fasko de ondi elektro-magnetala tre kurta, e recevas olua eko, tale posibligante determinar la direciono e la disto di ula objekto. — DEFIS
  • radi-ar (tr., intr.) to radiate, irradiate: to emit rays or beams; -o: ray, beam, gleam; (geom.) radius; (of a wheel) spoke; -ado: radiation, radiance; -anta, -oza: beaming, radiant, radiated; -ozo: (zool.) radiary (pl.) radiata; -ala: radial; -izar: to cover (ulo) with rays; sun- -i: sun rays; kalor- -o: ray of heat; (fig.) lua vizajo radias (pro) joyo: his countenance beams with joy. Ex.: Lumo radias. Radiar kaloro. La radii di Roentgen; La suno radiizas la agri, t.e. kovras li per sua radii (o radiado). — DEFIRS
  • radiator-o radiator (of heat); cooling apparatus. Def.: Aparato destinita cedar kaloro a l’aero cirkondanta (quale l’aparati, qui varmigas nia domi, e l’aparati, qui koldigas l’aquo en la motori di automobilo).
  • radik-o (of plants, etc., also gram., math.) root; (gram.) root, stem, radix, radical, primitive word or syllable; (fig.) beginning, origin; -ala: radical: relating to the root; -ifar: to produce roots, take root (en); -izar: to plant: fix (ulo) in earth by roots; -o-sproso: (bot.) sucker, runner; -eto: (bot.) radicle; -alo: (math. chem.) radical; -al(ul)o: (politics) radical: an advocate of radicalism; -al-ismo: (polit.) radicalism; quara radiko di mil: fourth root of a thousand (∜1000)). — EFIS
  • radioaktiv-a radioactive. — DEFIS
  • radiograf-ar (tr.) to photograph (ulu, ulo) by means of x-rays; -uro: (photo.) radiograph. — EFIS
  • radiometr-o (instr.) radiometer. — EFIS
  • radioskop-ar (tr.) to view an opaque object by means of Röntgen rays; -(ad)o: radioscopy; -ilo: radioscope; (cf. radiografar). — EFIS
  • radio-telefon-ar (tr.) to phone (ulo) by wireless; -o, -uro: wireless telephoning, radiophone; -ilo: a wireless telephone.
  • radio-telegraf-ar (tr.) to telegraph (ulo) by radio; -(ad)o, -uro: radio-telegraphing, radiogram; -ilo: radio-telegraphic apparatus.
  • radium-o (chem.) radium. — DEFIRS
  • radius-o (anat.) radius (-bone). — EFS
  • radon-o radon, niton. — DEFIRS
  • radot-ar (intr.) to be in his (or her) dotage, to talk drivel; nonsense; -anto, -ero, -emo: dotard, driveler. — EF
  • rafan-o (bot.) radish (Raphanus radicula); -eto: radish (Raphanus sativus); -eyo: radish bed. — I
  • rafin-ar (tr., lit. and fig.) to refine (metal, sugar, the taste, etc.); (cf. pur-igar; delikat-igar); -(ad)o, -uro; -eso, -em-eso: refining; (result) refinement, nicety; affectation of nicety (cf. sub-til-igo); -ito: refined person: one who has a delicate taste, in art, literature; -ita sukro: refined sugar; -anta, -iva: refining; -isto: refiner; -eyo, -erio: refinery of sugar, oils, etc. — DEFIRS
  • rafl-o rape: grape-stalk. — F
  • raft-o raft, plank or log float; -o-ponto: a bridge-raft; arbor- -o: a raft of trees. — E
  • rag-o tatter: cloth torn and hanging (cf. shifono); -izar: to clothe (ulu) in rags, tatters; -oza, -iz-ita: ragged, tattered; -oz-eso: raggedness. — E
  • ragut-o (cook.) ragout: a highly seasoned dish; a stew; hash. — DEFI
  • raitr-o reiter: ancient German trooper. — DEFIRS
  • rajunt-ar (tr.) to overtake, catch up to. Def.: Atinger ulu, ulo, sequinte lu kun plu granda rapideso. Ex.: Il jus departis, ma me esperas balde rajuntar il. — FIS
  • rak-ar (tr.) to draw, rack off (wine, etc.) (fig.) to extract, worm out (secrets, money, etc.) V. exp.: To ne esas trans-varsar (varsar ek un vazo en altra per la suprajo), ma pasigar (liquido) de un vazo en altra, cherpante sube (per robineto o sifono). — E
  • rakahut-o racahaut: an Arabian food. — DEFIRS
  • raket-o racket (as for tennis). — DEFIRS
  • rakit-o (med.) rachitis, rickets; -iko, -ika: (person) suffering from r. — DEFIRS
  • rakont-ar (tr.) to recount, tell (a made up story, fiction, something which never happened, is not true); -o: story, tale, fib, fiction, gossip; -o imaginala, fantazi-ala: fantastic yarn, improbable story; old wife’s tale; -anto, -ero: story-teller; -achar: to tittle-tattle. V. exp.: vid. naracar. — EFI
  • ral-o (orni.) rail (-bird) (Rallus). — DEFI
  • rali-ar (tr., intr., milit. and fig.) to rally (troops). Def.: Kunvenigar hazarde soldati dispersita, ne segun individuala ordino; metafore signifikas adhero (plu or min bonvoloza) a partiso, a persono, e.c. — DEF
  • ram-o small bough, twig, small branch (of a tree); (fig.) a subdivision or branch artery, vein; branch of family, etc.; -(et)oza: branchy, ramous, ramified. — DEFIS
  • rami-o (bot.) ramie (Bœhmeria); -o-stofo: ramie fabric. — DEFS
  • ramn-o (bot.) buckthorn (genus: Rhamnus). — IL
  • ramp-o (upward) slope, gradient, incline, ramp. V. exp.: vid. pento. — DEF
  • ran-o frog; -larvo: tadpole. — IS
  • ranc-a rancid, rank; -eso: rancidity; -eskar: to turn, become rancid; odorar rance: to smell rancid. — DEFIS
  • rang-o row, file, tier, range; (degree, station) rank, order; -izar: to place (ulo) in rows, put (uli) in ranks; to class (persons, things) (cf. lok-izar); en la sama -o: in the same row; sam-ranga: of the same rank; alta-ranga: of high rank; recevar rango: (milit.) to take rank. Def.: Ordino, aranjo di kozi sama o simila, personi sur lineo o segun digneso o merito. Ex.: Rango di soldati. Revolucioni konfuzas omna rangi. — DEFR
  • rankor-ar (intr.) to have a grudge, a ranco(u)r, spite; to feel resentment, animosity (kontre ulu, pri, pro, ulo). — EFIS
  • ranson-o ransom; postular -o: to demand a ransom (de, po, ulu). Def.: Preco postulata po la liberigo di kaptito (militala o ne). — DEF
  • ranunkul-o (bot.) buttercup (genus: Ranunculus). — DEFIRS
  • ranur-o groove: a long, square-cut, sunken channel in wood or metal; (firearms) rifling; (cf. kanelo). — FS
  • rap-o (bot.) a variety of turnip (Brassica rapa rapifera). — FIR
  • rapec-ar (tr., of clothing) to piece, put a piece in, patch; (of shoes) to cobble; (cf. reparar). — FI
  • rapid-a (in space and time) rapid, swift, quick, prompt, fleet, speedy, fast (cf. ajila, hast-ema, alert); -eso: quickness, celerity, rapidity, velocity; -ajo: a rapid (in a river); -a treno, rapido: a fast train, express; -ag-ema: expeditious. Ant.: lenta. — DEFIS
  • rapier-o rapier: long, straight sword. — DEFR
  • raport-ar (tr.) to make a report on, to report (ulo, ad ulu); -o: report; (fig. math.) ratio, relation; -anto, -ero, -isto: reporter. Def.: Facar raporto, t.e., plu o min longa naraco o deskripto pri kozo od evento, specale a chefo od autoritato kompetenta, od a societo, kongreso, quan o devas o volas informar; matematikala raporto equivalas fraciono, kp. relatar. Ex.: Historio reportas remarkinda fakti. Komercala raporti; La raportisto raportas la novaji od facas raporto pri ula proceso. La reporto di 2 ad 3 esas la fraciono 2/3. — DEFIRS
  • rapsod-o (antiq.) rhapsodist: reciter of poems. — DEFIRS
  • rapsodi-o rhapsody: poem recited by a rhapsodist; (fig.) rambling composition. — DEFIRS
  • rapt-ar (tr.) to sieze and carry away by violence, pillage, kidnap, ravish; -o: rapine, pillage, kidnapping, highway robbery; -anto, -ero, -isto: robber, brigand, bandit, highwayman; -ajo: booty, plunder; -ema: rapacious; -em-eso: rapacity (cf. avideso); -ocido: murder (attended) with robbery. V. exp.: vid. furtar, extorsar. — FIS
  • rar-a rare, seldom occuring, not frequent, infrequent, unusual; (cf. skarsa); -e: rarely, seldom, not often; -ega: very rare; -eso: rareness; -ajo: a rarity, curiosity. Def.: Des-ofta, des-frequa. Ant.: ofta, frequa, cf. skarsa. — DEFIS
  • ras-o (human, animal) race, stock, breed; (fig.) family, line, ancestry, blood; (agri.) variety; -ala: ethnic; (la) -i futura: future races, generations. Def.: Ensemblo di la ancestri e decendanti di una familio, di un populo. Ex.: La raso di Abraham. Homala raso. Di pura raso. Hundo chasas segun sua raso. — DEFIRS
  • raskal-o rascal, rogue, knave, scamp, blackguard; -ala, -atra: rascally, scoundrelly; -eso: (quality) knavery; -ajo: (act.) knavish trick, rascality; -aro: rabble, riffraff (cf. populacho). — E
  • rasp-ar (tr.) to rasp, grate; -ilo: rasp, grater; -uri: gratings; -o-bruiso: a rasping noise; -ita pano: grated bread, bread crumbs. — DEFIRS
  • rast-ar (tr.) to rake: clean (ulo) with a rake; -ilo: a rake; -ilo-edo: a rakeful. — FIS
  • rastaquer-o a foreigner or stranger travelling without known means of existence; a fashionably dressed swindler. — F
  • rastelier-o rack: wooden frame of open work, as for fodder, for arms, etc. — FIS
  • rat-o rat; -chas-anta, -era: rat-hunting; -kapt-ilo: rat-trap; -veneno: rat poison. — DEFIS
  • raten-o (fabric) rat(t)een. — DEFIS
  • ratifi-o (liquor) ratafia. — DEFIS
  • ratifik-ar (tr.) to ratify, confirm (a treaty, an act, etc.). Def.: Autentigar ulo ja facita o promisita. — DEFIRS
  • raton-o (zool.) raccoon, coon (Procyon lotor). — FS
  • rauk-a hoarse, raucous, husky; -eso: hoarseness; -igar, -eskar: to make, become hoarse. — EFIS
  • raup-o caterpillar. — D
  • raut-o rout: a fashionable assembly, a large evening party. — DEFR
  • ravelin-o (fort.) ravelin, lunette. — DEFIRS
  • ravin-o ravine, gully; -izar: to gully out (by torrent), to cross (a land) with ravines. Def.: Longa, profunda e streta exkavuro formacita da torento. — EF
  • ravis-ar (tr.) to ravish: enrapture, charm; -o, -eso: (act, state) transport, rapture; -anta, -iva: ravishing, delightful, charming; -ante: admirably, wonderfully well. Ex.: Vua kantado ravises me. Me esis en raviseso (od, ravisata). Il kantas ravisante. — EFI
  • ray-o (ich.) ray, skate (genus: Raia). — EFIS
  • rayon-o rayon — DEFIS
  • raz-ar (tr.) to shave (su, ulu); -ilo: razor; -ilo-ledro: razor-strop; -ero, -isto: barber. Def.: Tranchar raze la pili. — DEFIS
  • re (mus.) re, D: the second note of the diatonic scale.
  • reakt-ar (intr.) to react (ad, kontre); -o: (all senses) reaction; -iva, -ema: reactive; -ivo: (chem.) a reagent; -emo: (polit.) reactionary. — DEFIRS
  • real-a real: actually existing, not imaginary, not fictitious; -ajo, lo reala: a reality, what is real; -eso: (quality) reality; -e: in reality, indeed; -igar: to realize: make real, bring (ulo) into being; (fin.) to convert into money; -eskar: to become or be realized; be converted into money; (fig.) to come to pass; -ig-(ad)o, -ig-uro: realization; -ig-ebla: realizeable; -ismo: (philos., art) realism; -ism-ala, -ist-ala: realistic; -isto: realist. Ant.: imagin-ala, -ita; ne-vera, falsa. — DEFIS
  • realgar-o (min.) realgar. Def.: (Reda) arsen-sulfo. — DEFRS
  • rebel-a rebellious, refractory; -(ul)o: a rebel, insurgent; -eskar, -esar: to rebel, rise in rebellion (cf. revoltar); -esko, -eso: rebellion; -aro: (collect.) rebels. Def.: Qua violente refuzas obediar autoritato yurizita. Ex.: La rebela anjelo. Rebelo kontre rejo. Ant.: obedi-anta, -ema. — DEFIS
  • rebord-o a raised edge; brim, rim; -izar: to put a raised edge on (ulo). V. exp.: Flanjo existas nur en tubi. Rebordo ne esas simpla bordo, ma bordo salianta ofte perpendikla a la chefa parto (quale rebordo di chapelo). — FIRS
  • rebus-o rebus. — DEFIR
  • recens-ar (tr.) to review (a book). — DER
  • recent-a recent; -e: recently, lately; tote -e: very recent, new, fresh; til -e: until recently. Ex.: Recenta eventi. Tote recenta memoro. Ant.: anciena. — EFIS
  • recepcion-ar (tr., tech.) to take over. V. exp.: Examenar la qualesi di furnisajo e pose decidar pri lua acepto o refuzo.
  • recept-o (med., cook) recipe, receipt (cf. preskripto). Def.: Formulo qua indikas la kompozuro di ula medikamento o la ingrediento di ulo. — DEFIRS
  • receptakl-o (bot.) receptacle. — EFS
  • recev-ar (tr.) to receive, accept (something offered, given, sent); -o: (act.) accepting, receipt; -ajo: that which is received; la libro esas recevebla de la imprimerio: the book is to be had from the printer’s; -uyo: receptacle; -ilo: receiver (instr.); -atesto: acknowledgement of receipt. V. Exp.: On recevas simple to, quo donesis o sendesis, mem ne demandita o ne expektata. On recevas donacajo, pensiono. On aceptas kande on voluntas recevar (gasto, e.c.). Obtenar esas recevar kozo, quan on deziras, demandas, por qua on konkursis (premio) od irge penis. — EFIS
  • recidiv-ar (intr., jur.) to repeat the same offence, to commit the same crime again; (med.) to reappear (said of a former illness); -o: recidivism: relapse into crime or illness, second offense; -anto, -into, -ero: previously convicted felon, old offender. — DEFI
  • recipient-o (chem., phys.) recipient: receiving vessel for gases or liquids. — DEFIS
  • reciprok-a (also log., gram.) reciprocal, mutual; -o: (log.) converse: reciprocal proposition; -eso: reciprocity, mutuality; agar -e: to return the like, to give like for like (ad ulu). V. exp.: vid. mutuala. — DEFIRS
  • recit-ar (tr.) to recite: repeat out loud something learned (a lesson, etc.) — DEFIS
  • recitativ-o (mus.) recitative: sort of a musical declamation used in operas, etc. — DEFIRS
  • red-a red (colo(u)red); -o, -a koloro: red (the color); blush; -eso: redness; -igar, -izar: to make red (ulu, ulo); to cause to blush; -atra: reddish, ruddy; -vanga: red-cheeked, rubicund; (la) red-i: (fig.) the reds, republicans, socialists; Reda Mar-o: Red Sea. — E
  • redakt-ar (tr.) to draw up, word (a document); to edit (a newspaper, journal) (cf. edit-ar); -(ad)o, -uro: drawing up (deeds, etc.); editing periodicals; redaction; -eso: manner , style of wording, editing; -anto, -ero, -isto: writer (of a deed); editor; -ist-ala artiklo: an editorial. — DEFIRS
  • redan-o (fort.) redan. — DEF
  • redemt-ar (tr.) to redeem. — EFIS
  • redingot-o frock coat: double-breasted garment for men, with long skirts before and behind. — DF
  • red-kaud-o (orni.) redstart, red-tail (Rubicilla phoenicura).
  • red-pektor-o (orni.) robin redbreast (Erithacus rubeculus).
  • reduit-o (fort.) reduit, inner fortification; (fig.) retreat, refuge. Def.: La senco vulgara e la senco militala esas identa: ‘loko, angulo en qua on povas retretar, refujar, celar su’. — DEFIRS
  • redukt-ar (tr., intr.; also surg., math.) to reduce (to proper, suitable proportions; cf. diminutar); (jur.) to commute (a sentence); -ebla: reducible. Ex.: Reduktar (la dimensioni di) mapo, tablo. Reduktar ulu a taco. Reduktar ulo a pulvero. Reduktar frumento a farino. Reduktar rupturo. Reduktar du fracioni a la sama denominatoro. — DEFIRS
  • redut-o (fort.) redoubt. — DEFS
  • ref-o reef (in a sail); -agar: to reef; des-ref-agar: to let out the reefs in (a sail). — DER
  • refer-ar (tr., intr.) to refer (to): to direct, send to another; to attribute, ascribe; -o: reference; -o-libro: book of reference. Ex.: Me referas l’afero a vu. Me referas Sro. A. a Sro. B. Me referas mea debileso a la morbo. Ica komizo havas bona referi. On referas ad autoro o libro, e.c. kande on indikas la loko, en qua on trovos ulo aludata o bezonata (k.p. citar). V. exp.: Referar, verbo transitiva, havas senco vicina a relat-igar, ma plu preciza. Ol signifikas: establisar relato logikala od intelektala inter un kozo ed altra, qua esas exemple lua kauzo, origino, expliko, e.c. Exemple, on referas la marei a la luno; on referas monumento a lua epoko, autoro, stilo. Per extenso di ta senco, on referas su a persono, qua povas atestar o garantiar ulo, ad autoritato, qua povas konfirmar aserto o protektar ulu. — DEFIRS
  • referendari-o referendary, (in France) a former title of certain public officers; (in Germany) young barrister attending the courts and qualifying for the post of ‘Assessor’; -a konsil-isto: (France) a magistrate in audit office.
  • reflekt-ar (tr., phys. sense) to reflect (back), mirror back (ulo); to turn something back; (intr., fig. mental sense) to reflect, consider, meditate especially on something past (pri): -esar: to be reflected (en, sur); -ita: reflected (of objects); -anta: reflecting; -iva: (gram.) reflective verb etc.; -ema: (fig.) reflective, meditative, thoughtful; -ilo: reflector (cf. reflektoro); -angulo: angle of relexion; sen- -a: (of character) thoughtless, giddy, heedless. Ex.: Speguli reflektas la imaji di objekti. Reflektez ante ke vu agos. Il reflektis pri sua pasinta peki. Agar senreflekte. — DEFIRS
  • reflektor-o reflector. Also reflecting telescope. — DEFS
  • reflex-a, -o (physiol.) reflex. — DEFIRS
  • reflux-ar (intr.) to ebb (of tides); -o: ebb, reflux. Ant. fluxar. — EFIS
  • reform-ar (tr.) to reform: amend for the better (laws, customs, morals, etc.); -o: (also church hist.) reform(ing); reformation; -ema, -emo; -ista, isto: reformer, reformist; -ita: reformed (person, church, etc.); -ito: a reformed person; (fig.) a protestant; -ebla: reformable. — DEFIRS
  • refrakt-ar (tr., phys.) to refract; -esar: to be refracted; -iv-eso: refractive power; -ebla: refrangible. Ex.: La prismato refraktas la lumo-radii. — DEFIRS
  • refraktar-a (of substances) refractory: not easily melted, wrought or acted upon; -(ul)o: a refractory person, contumacious person; (milit.) rebellious recruit (who refuses to join his regiment). — DEFIRS
  • refraktor-o refractor. Also refracting telescope.
  • refren-o refrain, burden of a song; (fig.) constant theme, topic.
  • refuj-ar (intr.) to take refuge, seek shelter (che ulu, ad ulo). (fig.) to have recourse (to); -eyo: place of refuge; lair (of beasts); -trotuaro: a place of reuge (for pedestrians); -anto, -into: refugee. — EFIS
  • refut-ar (tr.) to refute, confute, disprove. Def.: Kombatar aserto od opiniono per argumenti, qui nuligas ol o qui pruvas la kontreajo. (En proceso, en diskuto, singla partiso penas refutar la aserto o pretendo di l’altra). — DEFIS
  • refuz-ar (tr.) to decline, refuse; -o: refusal; -ajo: what is refused. V. exp.: Vu refuzas, sive kozo quan on ofras a vu, sive kozo, quan on demandas de vu, sive irga propozo quan on facas a vu. Do refuzar = ne aceptar, o ne koncesar (ne volar donar), o ne admisar, o ne konsentar. — EFIS
  • regal-ar (tr., also fig.) to regale, treat, entertain, feast; il regalis sua amiki: he entertained his friends; il regalas ni per charmanta rakonto: he told us (treated us with) a charming tale (to amuse us). — DEFS
  • regali-o ‘regale’: royal prerogative. — DEFIRS
  • regard-ar (tr.) to pay regard to: to look at something attentively, cast the eye on; -eskar, -etar: to glance at; -o, -ado: look(ing), gaze, stare, Ex.: Regardar la homi pasanta. El lansis regardi furioza. Regardar super muro. La regardi expresas la pensi. V. exp.: Vidar esas nur perceptar ulo per l’okulo, vole o nevole. Regardar esas esforcar por vidar, implikas sempre intenco ed atenco, mem se on fakte ne sucesas vidar: ofte on dicas: ‘me regardas, e me vidas nulo’; kp. spektar, kontemplar. — EFI
  • regat-o regatta, boat-race. — DEFIRS
  • regener-ar (tr.) to regenerate: to generate anew; (theol.) to make to be born again; (fig.) to reform, amend. Ex.: La sapto regeneras la aboro-tisui. Bapto esas regenero. Regenerar naciono dekadanta. — DEFIRS
  • regent-o regent; -eso: regency. — DEFIRS
  • regi-o regie: direct administration, management of government properties (as opposed to contract administration), esp. the excise administration; a government monopoly. — DEFIS
  • regiment-o (milit.) regiment. — DEFIRS
  • region-o (all senses) region, part of a country, of space, of the body, of a science; -ala: regional. — DEFIRS
  • registr-o register, record (of persons); account (of acts and proceedings); (com.) account book; -agar: (tr.) to register, record; -ag-(ad)o: registration; -eyo: registration office; -isto: registrar; en- -igar: to keep a register of, make a record of, enrol. — DEFIRS
  • regn-ar (tr., intr.) to reign: to rule as king or sovereign, to hold sway over (ulu, ulo); -o: reign; (nat. hist.) kingdom; -anta: reigning; -ato: a subject; animal- -o: animal kingdom. Ex.: Louis XIV regnis la lando de 1643 ad 1715. (fig.) La regno di yusteso, di ula modo. La teroro regnis. V. exp.: La rejo di Anglia regnis ma ne guvernas. — DEFIS
  • regol-o (orni.) wren (Troglodytides parvulus).
  • regolis-o (bot.) liquorice, licorice; -pasto: l. paste; -aquo: l. water. — IS
  • regres-ar (intr.) to regress, recede; to recoil; -(ad)o: regression, retro-gression; -anta, -iva, -ema: (lit. and fig.) regressive, retrograde. Ant.: avancar. — EFIRS
  • regret-ar (tr.) to regret, be sorry about (ulu, ulo); -inda: regrettable. Ex.: Regretar la pekunio spensita, amiko mortinta. — EF
  • regul-ar (tr., tech. and fig.) to regulate (machines, clocks, etc.); -o: rule (to follow; cf. normo); -ado: regulating; -aro: rules (collect.); -ala: relating to regulating; -oza: regular: conformed to rule or law, uniform, constant; -oz-eso: regularity; -oz-igar: to regularize, make regular, put in order, set right; -anta, -iva: regulating, regulative; -oze: regularly; -izar: to make, establish regulations for, impose regulations on; -iz-uro: regulation (prescribed); -iero: (rel.) regular, a monk; -ier-eskar: to become a monk, nun; -ier-ino: nun. Ex. Segun la regulo. Konformigar su a la reguli. La regulado di la posh-horlojo. Regular su segun ulu. Regulizar itinerario. Regul-oz-igar nia aferi, nia dokumenti. On preskriptas regulizuri por soldati, por karceri. V. exp.: On regulas mashino, fixigante lua rapideso o lua povo ad ula valoro konstanta. Regular ne esas ajustar. On ajustas peci, on regulas fenomeno. On regulas horlojo, ajustante lua pendulo. — DEFIRS
  • regulator-o (mechan.) regulator, governor. Def.: Ula parto di mashino qua regulas la movado. — DEFIS
  • rehabilit-ar (tr.) to rehabilitate, reinstate; -o: rehabilitation, vindication. Def.: Riestablisar en lua olima stando, partikulare en yuri. Ex.: Rehabilitar la memoro di kondamnito. Rehabilitar ulu ad lua olima rango, ulu en l’estimo di la populo. — DEFIRS
  • rein-o (bridle-) rein. — EFIS
  • rej-o (also cards and chess) sovereign king or queen; -ino: queen; -ulo: k.; -ala: regal, royal; -ido: royal prince; -princ-ulo: crown prince; -eso: royalty: state of being king, kingship; -io, -lando, -stato: kingdom; -ocido; -ocid-anto, -into: (act, person) regicide; -ala aquo: aqua regia, nitro-hydrochloric acid. — EFIS
  • rejim-o (polit. social, medic.) regime, regimen; mode or system of rule or management. Def.: Senco politikala: formo o maniero di guvernado. Senco teknikala: maniero plu o min reguloza segun qua ula fenomeno (duranta) eventas. Senco medicinala: maniero (metodoza) di vivar e di nutrar su (to ne esas dieto, nek higieno). Ex.: Anciena rejimo. Monarkiala rejimo. Rejimo di karceri. — DEFIRS
  • rekalk-ar (tr., tech.) to upset (metals); to ram (a gun); -(ad)o: compression (endways); -ilo: rammer (of a firearm). Def.: Facar preso sur materio cilindroforma (liquida o solida) sur un de lua bazi en la sinso di l’axo, tale ke on kurtigas ol. — IS
  • rekam-ar (tr.) to figure or work a fabric with gold, silver, silk, etc.; -ita per oro: gold-figured, -worked. — IS
  • rekapitul-ar (tr.) to recapitulate; sum up the principal points. Def.: Rezumar, kurte repetar o rimemorigar per enumero preciza e kompleta di omna punti, parti, o chapitri. — DEFIS
  • reklam-ar (tr., intr.) to advertise (loudly), to boom; (cf. avertar); -(ad)o: advertisement, puffing up. — DFRS
  • reklamac-ar (tr.) to (re-)claim, put in a claim for (compensation, a reward, what is due, one’s rights, etc.) (cf. postular); -o: claim, (jur.) complaint; -anto: claimant. Ex.: Reklamacar objekti pruntita o perdita. Reklamacar sumo debata, salario, honorario. — DF
  • rekolec-ar (rel.) to commune with one’s own heart, to turn one’s mind from earthly affairs and piously meditate; -o: self-communing, pious meditation; -anta: wrapped in pious meditation. — FIS
  • rekoli-ar (tr.) to gather in, in order to save from loss. Def.: Prenar o gardar ulo od ulu abandonita, perdita o falinta. Ex.: Rekoliar fragmenti de la naufrajo. Rekoliar la perdita infanti. — F
  • rekolt-ar (tr., also fig.) to harvest, reap, get in (crops), gather in (the fruits of the earth); -(ad)o: harvesting, reaping; -ajo: harvest, crop, vintage. — FI
  • rekomend-ar (tr.) to recommend (ulu, ulo, ad ulu) (cf. konsilar, exhortar); -o: (act) recommendation; -inda: worthy of r.; -o-letro: letter of r. — DEFIRS
  • rekompens-ar (tr.) to recompense, reward, require, remunerate (ulu, per ulo). — EFIRS
  • rekord-o record (in sports). Def.: Sportala prodajo, oficale konstatita, e qua ecelas super omna agi di sama genero entee facita. — DEFR
  • rekort-ar (tr.) to cut, clip; curtail, (the outside, the edge, the end), to pare, crop, prune, lop (the nails, a garment, a coin) (cf. tondar); -(ad)o, -uro: clipping, paring. Def.: Detranchar la bordo, la extremajo di ulo. — S
  • rekrut-ar (tr., milit. and fig.) to recruit, enlist (ulu, ad); -ar su: to enlist; -ito: a recruit; -achar: to entice (ulu) into enlisting, to crimp. — DEFIRS
  • rekt-a (geom.) straight; not crooked or curved; upright, plumb, erect; -e: in a straight line; -o: a straight line; -eso: straightness, directness; uprightness; -igar: straighten, align, lay out in line; (milit.) to dress the ranks. Ex.: Stacar rekte. Irar segun rekto. Rekta kolumo. Rektigar la trupi. V. exp.: vid. direta, erektar. Ant.: kurva, tord-ita, sinu-oza. — DEFIS
  • rektangul-o rectangle; -a, -atra: rectangular. — EFIS
  • rektifik-ar (tr., chem, and fig.) to rectify (spirits, errors, etc.). Def.: Purigar per distilado; igar exakta; korekt-igar. — DEFIRS
  • rektor-o rector: headmaster of an acedemy, of a university, of a Jesuit college; (cf. paroko). — DEFIRS
  • rektum-o (anat.) rectum. — EFS
  • rekuper-ar to recover, regain, retrieve, get back the possession or use of, to recoup; -o: recovery, regaining, recuperation; -ebla: (also fin.) recoverable. Def. Ri-aquirar, ri-posedar ulo. ex.: Rekuperar kaloro, sua havaji, spensi, forteso, parol-povo, vid-povo, bon-san-eso. — DEFIS
  • rekurent-a (anat., math.) recurrent (cf. ri-apar-anta).
  • rekurs-ar (intr.) to have recourse to (ad ulu, ulo), to appeal, to resort (ad); -o: recourse; application for assistance or protection; resort (to a source of aid); -o ad indulgo: petition for pardon; -ar a la klementeso di la rejo: to solicit the clemency of the sovereign; -o a kasaco: petition or lodgement of appeal; lakrimi esis elua nura rekurso: tears were her only recourse. Def.: Demandar la helpo, la sokurso. Ex.: On rekursas a helpo, a helpanto, a moyeno, a metodo, a procedo. — DEFIS
  • rekuz-ar (tr., jur. and fig.) to challenge (a witness, juror); to take exception to (testimony, statements); -ar su: (of judges, jurors) to decline judging or voting, to beg to be excused; -o: challenge, exception, denial; -ebla: exceptionable, challengeable, doubtful. V. exp.: Rekuzar esas teknikal termino di la yurocienco; on rekuzas judikanto o testo (t.e. on ne aceptas lu, ed on exkluzas lu), en ula kondicioni determinita da la legi, ex. kande la senpartiseso di la judikanto o testo esas suspektebla (pro lua relati kun la judikoti, pro lua personal interesti, e.c.). Judikanto povas rekuzar su ipsa spontane pro simila motivi, to esas, refuzas funcionar. Komprenebla, ca vorto povas uzesar kun metafora senco en la komuna vivo. — FIS
  • rel-o (railway-) rail; -voyo: railroad. — EFRS
  • relat-ar (tr., intr.) to have reference to, stand in some relation to, to be related, to relate to; (of persons) to be connected (by business, etc.); (N.B. not family; cf. parenta); -o: relation (di ulo ad ulo, ulu kun ulu); -e: relatively, comparatively (not absolutely); in reference to, with regard; -anta, -iva: pertaining, relating to; relative to; (jur.) appertaining to; -iv-eso: relativity; -igar: to put (ulu, ulo) into relation or connection (ad, kun ulu, ulo); -ata: correlative. Ex.: ‘A relatas B’ signifikas ke existas ‘relato’ inter A e B. On povas anke ‘relatigar’ A ad (od, kun) B. V. exp.: Relato (matematikala senco): On povas dicar 2 relatas 3, quale 4 relatas 6, od on darfas parolar pri ‘relato’ di 2 a 3. La nociono relato esas multe plu general ed ampla kam la nociono raporto. On bezonas sempre parolar pri relati inter diversa grandaji, e ca relati esas tante generala, ke ne omni povas expresesar per equacioni. La relato di a ad b povas esar irga funciono; la reporto di a ad b esas simple e nur la fraciono a/b. — DEFIRS
  • relay-o (also elec., teleg.) relay: fresh supply of horses, etc. — DEFIRS
  • releg-ar (tr., pr. and fig.) to relegate, send off, shut up, consign, seclude (ulu, ulo) in a fixed place; -o, -eso: regulation, banishment. Def.: Enternar en loko determinita. Ex.: Relegar recidivinto ad kolonio. Relegar ulu a chambro, portreto ad kelero, ulu ad ruro. V. exp.: vid. exilar. — DEFIS
  • relev-ar (tr.) to survey, map out, make a plan of; (nav.) take a bearing of (coasts, shores). — FIS
  • relief-o (paint., sculp., arts) relief, relievo, embossment; -a mapo: map in r.; -o alta, basa: high-, base r.; -izar: to emboss (paper, etc.). — DEFIRS
  • religi-o religion; -ala: religious (war, etc.); -oza: religious (person); -oz-eso: religiousness; -ano: believer in a religion; faithful, true believer. — DEFIRS
  • reliqui-o relic (of saints, etc.); (pl.) mortal remains, relics; -uyo, -kesto: reliquary. — DEFIS
  • rem-ar, -adar (tr., intr.) to row, pull on an oar; -ilo: oar; -batelo: rowboat. — FIS
  • remark-ar (tr.) to remark, to notice, observe; -igar: to cause (ulu) to remark, to attract notice to; -o: notice, observation; -inda: worthy of note, remarkable, curious, notable; -ar la beleso di ulo: to notice the beauty of something; elua beleso remark-igis su da me: her beauty attracted my attention; -ar ulu en turbo: to observe someone in a crowd; me remark-igis, ke pluvas: I remarked (pointed out) that it was raining. remark-inda evento: a remarkable event. V. exp.: turnar o portar sua atenco sur ulo od ulu. — EF
  • remedi-ar (tr.) to remedy (a disease, a sickness); (fig.) to redress, repair, set to rights; -ilo: a remedy, cure, specific; -ebla: remediable (disease); (fig.) remediar malajo: to remedy an evil; -ilo plu mala kam la morbo: a remedy worse than the disease; tempo remedias omno: time is a cure for all things. Def.: Supresar, cesigar la maladeso. V.exp.:Remedi-ilo esas kurac-ivo. Medikamento esas nur ulo donata por kuracar. Quankam morbo esas ne-remedi-ebla, ni ankore aplikas medikamenti. On ri-san-igas malado, e remedias maladeso. — EFIS
  • reminic-ar (tr.) to reproduce or imitate (consciously or not) from memory some literary or musical piece. V. exp.: Reminico ne esas simpla rimemoro: ol esas rimemoro di ula literatural o muzikal peco, quan on imitas nevole o nekoncie: to esas esence imito o kopio di artala verko en altra, do tote altra kozo kam la simpla memoro, qua esas nur la kauzo od okaziono di la reminico. On povas havar rimemoro sen pro to facar reminico.
  • remis-ar (tr.) to remit (debts, sins, etc.); (med.) to abate (symptoms); -o: remission; diminution (of a disease); -ebla: remissable: that may be remitted or forgiven, pardonable; -anta febro: remittent fever. Def.: (senco ordinara) Dispensar ulu de (parto di) debajo, puniso, peki, e.c.; (senco medikala) Ceso o diminuto (tempala) di la simptomi di maladeso. — EFIS
  • remonstr-ar (intr.) to remonstrate. Def.: Expozar polite (mem a superioro) la nejusteso di la ago. Ex.: En l’anciena monarkio, la parlamenti havis la yuro facar remonstri al rejo ... qua generale ne egardis oli. — DEFI
  • remont-o (milit.) remount(ing): purchase or supply of fresh horses; -eyo, -erio: remounting depot. — DEFIRS
  • remor-o (ich.) remora, sucker-fish (Echeneidis Remora).
  • remork-ar (tr., nav. and gen.) to tow, take in tow, tug, haul, drag (a boat, a movable object; cf. tuvar); -o: towing; -o-kablo: tow-rope; -o-batelo, -navo: towing-vessel, tow-boat, tug; -veturo: (hand) street-cart (as for selling fruit, etc.). — FIS
  • remors-ar (intr.) to feel remorse (pri). — EFIS
  • rempar-o rampart, bulwark; (fig.) any means of defence. — EF
  • remplas-ar (tr., intr.) to replace: take the place of, be in the place of (ulu, ulo); -igar: to replace (ulu da ulu, ulo per ulo); -o, -igo: replacing, replacement; -anto: substitute: one who replaces another; -(ig)ebla: replaceable. Ex.: Il remplasis me dum mea absenteso. On remplasigas la patro da la filio. Remplasigar la anciena moblaro per nova. V. exp.: vid. substitucar, suplantar.
  • remulad-o (cook.) remo(u)lade: a French salad dressing somewhat resembling mayonnaise. — DEF
  • ren-o (anat.) kidney; -ala: renal. — EFIS
  • rendevu-ar to rendezvous. — DEFR
  • rendiment-o (tech.) output, efficiency (of machines). Def.: Efekto utila (di mashini). — DFIS
  • reneg-ar (tr.) to deny (untruly), to disown, disavow; -o: denying, denial; -anto: (rel. and gen.) renegade: apostate from the faith; backslider. Ex.: St. Petro trifoye renegis Jesu. Renegar sua familio, sua religio.Def.: Deklarar nevere ke on ne konocas ulu, ulo; abjurar (ne-vere); des-agnoskar (ne-vere). V. exp.: vid. renuncar. — DFIRS
  • renesanc-o (epoch, style, etc.) renaissance. — DEFIRS
  • renet-pomo rennet-apple: a kind of pippin. — DEFIR
  • renkontr-ar (tr.) to meet: meet with accidentally when in motion, to fall in with, encounter (ulu, ulo); -o: meeting, encounter. — DEFIS
  • rent-o (yearly) income, rent, annuity; -izar: to allow a yearly income to (ulu), to endow (public institutions); -ifar: to bring in revenue, yield an income; -if-anta: income producing; -iero: fundholder, stockholder, annuitant, person of independent means; sulo- -o: ground rent; monatala, yarala -o: monthly, yearly rent; -o dum-viva: life annuity; lasar rento (od, interesti) akumul-esar: to allow arrears to accumulate (rent, interest, dividends). Def.: Revenuo (yarala), ordinare personala, derivita de sulhavaji, domi lugata, o de kapitalo statala o privata. — DEFIRS
  • rentgeni-o (chem.) roentgenium.
  • rentir-o reindeer (Cervus tarandus). — DE
  • renunc-ar (tr.) to renounce, give up, relinquish, resign (a position, office). Def.: Cesar dezirar o demandar ulo. Ex.: Me renuncas voyajo, quan me intencas facar; on renuncas yuro, quan on posedas; e.c. Rejido renuncas la trono o la krono, kande, nultempe regninte, il refuzas regnor. V exp.: Ni renuncas yuro, precepti o kustumi; ni renegas mastro o nia religio; ni abjuras eroro, od imaginita eroro. Philip V renuncis la krono di Francia; St. Petro renegis sua mastro; Henry IV abjuris la Kalvanismo. — EFIRS
  • renvers-ar (tr., intr.) to overthrow, throw down, upset (cf. subversar, invers-igar); -e: backward; -ebla: that may be overthrown. Def.: Faligar ulo, ulu a tero. Ex.: Renversar muro, tablo, inkuyo, veturo, persono, (fig.) esperi. La muro renversis. — F
  • reostat-o (elec.) rheostat. — DEFIRS
  • repar-ar (tr.) to repair, restore, mend a road, a house, a machine, a picture; to refit (a ship); (cf. rapecar); -(ad)o, -uri: repairing, mending, repairs; -doko: graving-dock, dock for repairs; -peci: spare parts (for repairs); -etar: to slightly repair; -achar: to botch repairs (cf. fushar). — DEFIRS
  • repartis-ar (tr.) to divide into due proportion, portion out, distribute (ulo inter uli); -(ad)o: apportionment, repartition; -anto, -ero, -isto: distributer. Def.: Dividar segun proporciono oportuna o yusta. V. exp.: Se publika prunto esas suskriptita dekople, on repartisas ol inter la suskriptinti en la proporciono di 1/10, t.e. on atribuas a singlu 1/10 de la sumo, quan lu suskriptas. Simile on repartisas kargajo inter plura porteri o porto-bestii, inter la axi di veturo o vagono, e.c.; kp. disdonar, distributar. — DEFIRS
  • repas-ar to smooth, iron. Def.: Glatigar linjo, stofi per varma fero. — F
  • repast-ar (intr.) to take one’s meal, have a meal (che, kun); -o: meal, repast; (ship’s) mess; -etar: to lunch; -eto: luncheon, light repast. Def.: Manjar ye fixa horo, apud tablo (generale kune). Ex.: Li repastis che me. La repast-horo. Il manjas quar repasti omnadie. — EFI
  • repent-ar (tr., intr.) to repent, rue, feel contrition; sen- -a: impenitent. Def.: Havar reala regreto. Ex.: Il repentas sua kulpi. Me igos il repentar to. — EFIS
  • reper-ar (tr.) to put a guiding mark on; -ilo, -punto: guidemark (as made on a piece of machinery so as to assemble easily and accurately; mark on a wall, a measuring-rod, on the ground, in order to indicate alignment, a level, a height, etc. — F
  • reperkut-ar (tr.) to repercuss: to drive or beat back; (of sound) to reverberate; -ado di l’ondi: surf; -o: repercussion, reverberation, rebound (cf. ri-salto). Def.: Reperkuto: l’ago di korpo shokata, qua shokas sua-vice altra. Ex.: Reperkuto di (pafita) kanono. — EFIS
  • repertori-o a table, index, register by which things can be readily located; (theat.) repertoire; stock-pieces, -plays; alfabet-ala, -o: alphabetical index. — DEFIRS
  • repet-ar (tr.) to repeat: reiterate, tell or say again (what has been told before or what another has said); -achar: to repeat tediously. V. exp.: On repetas nur paroli; on iteras omna-speca ago. — DEFIRS
  • replet-a (of living beings) chubby, plump, stout, firm-fleshed, replete (from food); -eso: plumpness; -eskar: to become plump, chubby; (cf. korpulenta, obeza, grasa, plena, ronda). Def.: Qua havas formi ronda e karno ferma, do la pelo kelke tensita. (Lu povas tote ne esar korpulenta, ex. infanto. La repleteso esas signo di saneso). — EFS
  • replik-ar (tr., intr.) to rejoin, retort: to answer to a reply; -o: answer, reply: (jur.) replication: the reply of the plaintiff to the defendant’s plea; rejoinder: the defendant’s answer to the plaintiff’s replication; -o: (quika, rapida): repartee, retort. V. exp.: Replikar ne esas simple respondar, ma respondar a respondo. En la teknikal terminaro di la diskutado, on nomizas dupliko, tripliko ... la duesma, triesma repliko. — DEFIRS
  • report-ar (intr., stock exchange) to allow a contango; -o: contango: premium or interest paid by a buyer to a seller to be allowed to defer payment until a future settlement. Ant.: diporto. — DFIR
  • repoz-ar (intr.) to rest (repose); (cf. dormar, jacar, apogar, haltar); -igar: to (cause to) rest; -o: rest, respite, reposing; (cf. intervalo); -o-dio: day of rest; -anta: resting; -eyo: resting place; -altaro: (fig.) temporary altar (in the street). Ex.: Lua korpo repozas sub la stono. Il ne dormas, il ne nur repozas. Il repozigas sua kapo sur kuseno. Havar repozo di koncienco. — EFIS
  • repres-ar (tr.) to repress, check, restrain, put down, suppress (a revolt, abuses, pride, one’s desires, etc.); -o: repression, coercion; -iva: repressive. Def.: Haltigar l’efekto, la progreso di ulo. — EFIRS
  • reprezel-ar (intr.) to retaliate, to make reprisals (kontre); (fig.) to give tit for tat; -o: reprisal, retaliation; -letri: letter of marque and reprisal. V. exp.: Reprezalar esas plu proxima a venjo kam a revancho. To konsistas (precipue en milito) facar a l’enemiko exakte la sama domajo, quan on subisis de lu. To facesas partikulare pri la agi nekorekta e kruela, qui ecesas la ‘yuri di la milito’, exemplo masakro di nekombatanti, incendio di domi e vilaji, destrukto di monumenti, e.c. Reprezalo nule implikas revancho, nam ol facesas ofte de la vinkiti, precipue kande li vinkesas per nekorekta procedi; kp. revanchar, venjar. — DEFIRS
  • reprezent-ar (tr.) to represent: exhibit by resemblance or action; depict; be the representative of; -o: (also theat., polit.) representation, exhibition; -anta, -iva, -ala; -anto, -ero: representative. Ex.: La ceno reprezentas palaco. Ambasadisto reprezentas sua stato. Reprezento di kombato. Il esas reprezentanto di la populo. Guvernado reprezentiva. — DEFIRS
  • reprimand-ar (tr.) to reprimand, admonish, rebuke, reprove, chide, lecture (ulu pri, pro ulo) (cf. exhortar); -inda: reprehensible, reprovable (cf. blam-inda); -achar, -ar harde: to scold, nag. V. exp.: Reprimandar e reprochar esas ‘speci’ di la generala ideo blamar. Ma reprocho vizas kozo od ago; reprimando vizas persono: On reprochas ulo ad ulu; on reprimandas ulu pri ulo. La nuanco ne esas grava, ma ol esas reala ed utila psikologiale. — EFS
  • reproch-ar (tr.) to reproach, upbraid, taunt, twit (ulo, ad ulu); -ar ad ulu lua vicii: to upbraid a person for his vices (N.B. not: -ar ulu pri lua vicii, as in E.; cf. V. exp.: under reprimandar); mea koncienco -as nulo a me: my conscience is quite clear; il -is ad il lua ne-gratitudo: he reproached him with his ingratitiude; il -is ad il abandonir lua amiko: he reproached him for having left his friend. Def.: Dicar ad ulu ulo qua devas shamigar lu. V. exp.: vid. reprimandar. — EFS
  • reps-o (fabric) rep. Def.: Stofo ek silko o lano tre forta. — DEFIRS
  • rept-ar (intr.) to crawl (as a serpent), to creep (as a child); (fig.) to crawl before one (in an abject manner); -anta: crawling, creeping, reptant; -ero: reptile. — DEFIRS
  • republik-o republic; -ala: republican (government, etc.); -ismo: republicanism; -isto: believer in, partisan of a republic. — DEFIRS
  • repudi-ar (tr.) to repudiate; to put away (one’s wife). Ex.: Philippe Auguste repudiis sua spozino Ingleburge. V. exp.: Propre, repudiar esas forsendar spozino, ‘desspozinigar’ el segun legal formi. Figure, renegar opiniono, kredo. La repudio diferas de la divorco per ke ol ne bezonas ago di judiciisto o di extera autoritato. — EFIS
  • repugn-ar (tr.) to have or inspire a repugnance to, to have an aversion to, to disgust (cf. antipatiar, nauze-igar); -eso: disgust, repugnance, dislike; -eg-eso: loathing; -anta, -iva: repugnant, repulsive, disgusting. Ex.: Repugnar facar ulo. Ulo repugnis il. Il repugnesis da ulu, da ulo. Repugneso kontre ulu, ulo; To esas repugnanta a mea raciono. — EFIS
  • repuls-ar (tr.) to repel, repulse, rebuff, beat back (cf. retro-pulsar); -anta, -iva: (phys. and fig.) repellent, repulsive. Ex.: Repulsar l’asalto di enemiko. Repulsar tenteso, ula propozajo. La repulso di elektroza korpi. Repuls-anta, -iva korpo, vizajo. — DEFIS
  • reput-ar (tr.) to repute, deem; -esar: to be held (to be so and so); -o, -eso: reputation, character, repute (good or bad). Ex.: Reputar ulu kom richa, kom saja. Reputesar kapabla. Havar bona reputeso. Esar reputata kom bona. — DEFIRS
  • «requiem» requiem.
  • requizit-ar (tr.) to requisition: make demand in the name of the public or of the law for (persons, animals, thigs, services); -(ad)o: requisition(ing); -ajo: something requisitioned. — DEFIRS
  • resek-ar (tr., surg.) to resect, cut off.
  • resipicenc-o (rel.) resipiscence: change of mind; repentence. — DEFI
  • reskript-o (all senses) rescript. — DEFIRS
  • reson-ar (intr., lit. and fig.) to resound: send back sound, (re-)echo; -(ad)o: resounding, resonance; -anta: resonant; -igar: to cause to resound; -ilo: resonator. Ex.: Ica audeyo resonas perfekte. Voco klara e resonanta. (fig.) Omna loko resonis pro lua prodajo. — DEFIS
  • resorb-ar (tr.) to resorb, reabsorb (a tumor, etc.). — DEFIS
  • resort-o (instr. elastic) spring; (fig.) activity. Energy; -o granda: main s.; -o lax-ig-ita: relaxed s.; -matraco: s. mattress; (cf. elastika). Ex.: Resorto di horlojo, di veturo. (fig.) Donar resorto a la spirito. — FRS
  • resortis-ar (intr. jur.) to be under the jurisdiction (of), belong to the department, to be the province (of), be under the cognizance; -o: (legal) jurisdiction, resort; (general) province, department, competence, power; -anta: amenable (to), dependant (on); ica afero resortisas ad la korto di Paris: this affair is cognizable in the court of Paris; to ne esas mea resortiso: that is not within my province. — DEFRS
  • respekt-ar (tr.) to respect: regard with a degree of reverence or esteem; -o: respect; -oza, -ema: respectful, deferential; -inda: respectable; -ind-eso: respectability, dignity; -ata: respected; -em-acha: obsequious; -o-signo: sign of respect; -ego: profound respect; -eg-ala, -oza: reverential; des- -o: irreverence, disrespect; sen- -a: disrespectful. Ex.: On devas respektar la oldi, la legi. — DEFIRS
  • respir-ar (tr., intr.) to respire, breathe (cf. aspirar, expirar); -(ad)o: respiration, breathing; -ajo: what is respired: air, breath; -ala: respiratory; -ebla: breathable. Def.: Aspirar l’aero por regenerar la sango e lore expirar ol. — DEFIS
  • respond-ar (tr., intr.) to answer, reply, respond (ulo ad ulu); -izar: to respond to (ulo); -ar en la meso: to make the responses in the mass; -anto: (co-)respondent, answerer; (cf. replikar); -ar kurajiganta paroli: to answer encouraging words; -izar kurajiganta paroli, respondar a kurajiganta paroli: to answer encouraging words, i.e. to give an answer to encouraging words. Def.: Parolar o skribar en repliko a questiono, argumento od adreso. Ex.: Quon vu respondis? Me respondis nur du vorti. Il respondis tale a mea objeciono, ma me ne replikis ad il. Respondar ulo a persono, a remarko, a letro. Respondez quik. Me expektas vua balda respondo. Respondante a vua letro, me informas vu... V. exp.: Esas regulo en Ido, ke verbo ne povas havar (mem alterne) du rekta komplementi (ex. on ne povas ‘instrukar infanti’ ed ‘instruktar geometrio’). Or la verbo respondar havas necese kom direta komplimento la paroli, per qui on respondas, do ol ne povas havar kom direta komplemento la paroli, a qui on respondas. Do on devos sempre dicar: ‘respondar a la letro di ulu’, o, ‘respondizar letro’, t.e. donar respondo ad ol, ‘honorizar’ ol per respondo (quale dicas la komercisti). — EFIS
  • respons-ar (intr.) to be responsible, be answerable, be accountable (pri ulu, ulo); -o: (a particular) responsibility, liability; -anta, -iva: responsible, accountable; -iv-eso: (general state of being responsible) responsibility; -anto: one who is responsible; a bondsman; asumar -o: assume responsibility (pri, di ulo); me ne responsas (od, esas responsanta) pri la kulpi di altri: I am not responsible for the faults of others. — EFIS
  • responsori-o (R.C. lit.) responsory. — DEFIS
  • rest-ar (intr.) to remain: to be left, to be left remaining; to stay, sojourn, tarry (N.B. not lie at rest, repose; cf. repozar); -o: rest, remaining; -ajo: that which remains: rest, remainder (of a quantity or sum); leavings, vestige, scraps (cf. reziduo); -anta: remaining; -eyo: place of sojourn. Ex.: Nulo restis de nia pekunio. Triadek hoteli restas. Il restis en Roma pos nia departo. Multi restis sur la kombat-agro. Me haltis en la urbo e restis ibe dum du monati. Me brulos to quo restas (od, la rest-ajo). V.exp.: Restar: esar dum kelka tempo en la sama loko o stando, ma ne definitive, t.e. mine kam habitar, ma pluse kam haltar. — DEFIS
  • restaur-ar (tr.) to restore. Ex.: Restaurar domo, pikturo, dinastio, arto, lego. — DEFIRS
  • restituc-ar (tr.) to make restitution of, refund (ulo). V.exp.: Ne simple ridonar, ma ridonar to quon on prenis o gardis sen yuro, a la legitima proprietero. — DEFIS
  • restor-ar (su) to take refreshments, food; -eyo, -erio: restaurant, eating-house; -isto: dining-room keeper; -ach-eyo: cheap eating-house. — DEFIRS
  • restrikt-ar (tr.) to restrict, restrain; -ar su: to limit, confine oneself (ad); -o, -uro: restriction, restraint; -anta, -iva: limiting, restraining, restrictive. Ex.: Restriktar la signifiko di vorto. Restriktar sua pasioni. Restriktar su a kozi tote necesa. Li submisis su senrestrikte a la konvenciono (t.e. sen kondicioni expresita o tacita). — DEFIRS
  • ret-o net, mesh: object formed by threads or lines interlaced, network; (anat.) plexus (of nerves etc.); (geom.) chain (of triangles); (arch.) tracery (of windows); -ala, -atra: reticular; haro- -o: hair-net. — EFIS
  • retabl-o (arch.) reredos, altar screen. — FS
  • reten-ar (tr.) to retain, keep, withhold, keep back, detain (cf. ditenar); (arith.) to carry; -ar su: to restrain, check oneself (per, de); -(ad)o: retaining, retention; -ajo: anything retained; -eso: (state of ) retention; -iva, -ema: retentive. Ex.: Me deziras retenar la pekunio quan me pruntis. On ne povas retenar amo per koakto. Retenar sua lakrimi. Retenar lojio en teatro. Retenar memore ulo, od, retenar en memoro ulo. Retenar ulu en karcero. (arith.) Pozar sep e retenar du. Reteniva memoro. — EFIS
  • retiari-o (Rom. antiq.) retiarius: net-fighter. — EFIS
  • retikul-o reticle (of a telescope).
  • retin-o (anat.) retina (of the eye). — DEFIRS
  • retor-o (antiq.) rhetor, rhetorician, (orator); -acho: one who speaks elegantly but uselessly, word-spinner. — DEFIS
  • retorik-o rhetoric; -isto: rhetorician: one skilled in rhetoric. — DEFIRS
  • retort-o (chem.) retort. — DEIRS
  • retr-o (adv.) backwards. — L
  • retrakt-ar (tr., lit. and fig.) to retract, withdraw, draw back; -amendo: forfeit. Ex.: La limako retraktas sua korni. Retraktar sua promiso, sua erori. — EFIS
  • retret-ar (intr., milit., rel., and gen.) to retire, retreat, seclude, draw off, draw back (from active work, duty, the world); -o: retreat, retiring, retirement; (milit.) tattoo, taps; -o-pensiono: retirement pension; -eyo religi-ala: religious retreat (place); son-igar la -o: to sound the retreat, tattoo, taps; (hunt.) to call off the hounds; -oficiro: retired or ‘half-pay’ officer. V. exp.: vid. abandonar. — DEFIRS
  • retro- (with verbal roots) retro-, back(ward), inverse action: retro-agar, to retroact; retro-irar, to go back(ward); retro-tirar, to draw back(ward).
  • retro-ag-ar (intr.) to retroact; -ago: retroaction; -ag-iva: retroactive.
  • retro-ced-ar (tr.) to give, cede back again, return, restore.
  • retro-dukt-ar (tr.) to lead back.
  • retro-flu-ar (intr.) to flow back, ebb.
  • retro-irar, -marchar (intr.) to go back, to retrograde, fall back (as of troops), retreat, to back (of carriages); (cf. retretar, regresar); -ir-igar, -iro: retrogression.
  • retro-jet-ar (tr.) to throw back, reject.
  • retro-spekt-ar (intr.) to look back; -anta, -iva: retrospective.
  • retro-tir-ar (tr.) to draw back; -ebla, -iva: retractile.
  • retush-ar (tr.) to retouch, touch up (a picture, etc.). — DEFIRS
  • reumatism-o (med.) rheumatism; -ala: rheumatic: relating to r.: -ika, -iko: rheumatic (person). — DEFIRS
  • Reunion Reunion.
  • Reus Reuss.
  • rev-ar (intr.) to day-dream, muse: to see or fancy as if in a dream; (cf. son-jar); -(ad)o: reverie, musing; -ajo: a fancy; -acho: vain fancy, conceit; -ema, -ach-ema: dreamy. Ex.: Il revis pri la povreso e grandeso di Roma. Me klozas mea okuli e revas pri feliceso. Ulfoye me vere meditas, ulfoye nur revas. La projeto esas nur revo (od, revacho). — EF
  • revanch-ar (intr., in good or bad sense) to retaliate, give like for like, get even, requite (su, pri ulu, kontre ulu); to avenge, revenge, take one’s revenge (in return for an injury); (cf. venjar, reprezalar); -o: retaliation, revenge, avenging. Def.: Retrodonar similajo a similajo, sive bona o mala, ma ofte en mala senco. V. exp.: Revanchar dicesas pri ulu, qua esas vinkata (en milito, konkurso o ludo) e qua inverse vinkas sua vinkinto. Revancho nule implikas ideo di venjo nek sentimento di rankoro, ma admaxime satisfaco propramo. En ludo, jentila ludero, qua vinkis, (ganis), ofras a sua partenero la revancho, o plu exakte la posibleso revanchar; nam ica povas vinkesar en la du foyi. — DEFI
  • revel-ar (tr., also theol.) to reveal; (photog.) to develop; -(ad)o, -uro: revelation; -ajo: that which is revealed; -anto, -ero: revealer; -ilo: (photog.) developing bath. Def.: Konocigar ulo da ulu, quo esis olim nekonocata, sekreta o celita. Ex.: Revelar la statala sekretaji. Revelar lua komplico. La latenta imajo esas revelata sur la klishuro. La revelado di Santa Ioannes. — EFIS
  • revendik-ar (tr., jur. and fig.) to claim (as one’s own), to demand back (ulo); -ajo: object claimed; (cf. reklamacar). Def.: Reklamacar ulo quo apartenas a me, e qua esas en la povo di altru. Ex.: Revendikar sua yuri, ulo perdita, domeno. — DEFIS
  • revenu-o revenue; income. — DEF
  • reverber-ar (tr., intr.) to send back, radiate (heat); -forno: reverberatory furnace. Def.: Absorbar la kaloro e retrosendar ol radiifante. — DEFIS
  • reverenc-ar (intr.) to make a bow, on obeisance; (of women) to courtsey (ad ulu, ulo); -o profunda: deep bow. Ex.: Kande il pasis, me reverencis ad il. Reverencar a l’altaro. — DEFIRS
  • revers-o the reverse: back side of anything; -e: inside out, wrong side to; metar sua kalzi reverse, e pose metar oli averse: to put on one’s stocking wrong side outwards and afterwards put them on right side to. Def.: Dorsa latero di stofo, moneto, medalio. Specale, la parto aparanta di la reverso di frako, di redingoto, di boto, e.c.; Ant.: averso, facio. — DEFIS
  • reversion-ar (intr., jur.) to revert (ad); -o: reversion (of an estate); -ebl-eso: revertibility. — EFIRS
  • reviz-ar (tr.) to revise (a book, a judgement, the constitution, etc.); Def.: Emendar; ri-examinar por modifikar. — DEFIRS
  • revok-ar (tr.) to revoke, repeal (an edict, privileges, a law); to recall (an ambassador); to dismiss (a clerk, officer, official). — EFIS
  • revolt-ar (intr.) to rise in revolt, to rebel (kontre ulu, ulo); -o: (pr. and fig.) revolt, insurrection; -anto, -into: revolter (cf. rebelo, revolucion-ero); -igar: to cause to revolt or rebel; (fig.) to stir up, rouse. Ex.: La populo revoltis kontre sua suvereno. (fig.) La raciono revoltas kontre tala absurdeso. — DEFIRS
  • revolucion-ar (tr.) to revolutionize: to change thoroughly (opinions, an art, a country; (cf. perturbar, subversar); -o: (political, social, scientific) revolution (cf. revolto, rotaco); -ala, -ema, -ana: revolutionary; -ero: revolutionist; -ano: member of a r. party. — DEFIRS
  • revolver-o revolver: pistol with revolving chamber. — DEFIRS
  • revu-ar (tr.) to review, inspect, carefully examine (troops, books, one’s life, etc.); -o: review, inspection (of troops); review (magazine, book); (fig.) survey, examination. — DEFIS
  • revuls-ar (tr., med.) to allay a morbid condition by counter-irritation or the like; -o: revulsion. Def.: Lokale iritar por cesigar konjestioneso od inflameso existanta en altra parto di la korpo.
  • rez-a, -e even, level (with); close to (a line, the surface); (of hair, etc.) shorn; (of a destroyed city, etc.) razed; -a-pila; -a-hara: short-haired; -a barbo: a close shaven beard; -e dil bordo: up to the brim, even with or close to the border; -e dil sulo: close to or on a level with the soil; (fig.) -a tabulo: a smoothed tablet, tablet without inscription, tabula rasa; facar tabula -a: (fig.) to sweep away, reject all previous notions; -igar: to cut (ulo) close to or even with a surface; to raze, level (ulo) to the ground; (nav.) to raze: cut down; to hug, keep close to (a coast); -igar hari: to cut the hair close; -igar domo: to raze a house; -igar navo: to cut down a ship; kuglo rezigis lua vizajo: a shot passed close to his face (cf. frolar); la navo rezigis la litoro: the ship hugged the coast. — EF
  • rezed-o (bot.) reseda: mignonette (Reseda odorata); dyer’s weed (Reseda luteola); -ala: resedaceous. — DEFIRSL
  • rezerv-ar (tr.) to reserve, save, set apart, lay by or up; -ema: (mental, moral) reserved; -em-eso: (quality) reserve; -ajo: something reserved; stock, store; -ano: (milit.) reservist. Ex.: Rezervar kelka pekunio por bezoni futura o neprevidebla. Rezervar ula yuro. Rezervo-armeo. Facar mentala rezervo. Mieno rezervema. — DEFIRS
  • rezid-ar (intr.) to reside, dwell, live, abide (cf. habitar, lojar); -(ad)o: (act) residence, residing; -eyo: residence: place of abode; -anto: resident. Ex.: Il rezidas en Paris che me. Establisar rezido en ula loko. Ta domo esas lua rezideyo. — DEFIS
  • rezident-o resident: diplomatic agent; -eyo: residency; -eso: dignity, function of a resident. — DEFIS
  • rezidu-o that which remains: (chem.) residium; settlement (of liquids); (geol.) debris, detritus; (com.) residue, arrear: that which remains (due); (arith.) remainder; (cf. restajo); -achi: scraps, odds and ends. — DEFIS
  • rezign-ar (tr., intr.) to resign (ulo): to be resigned, feel resignation (pri); -anta, -ema: resigned. Ex.: Rezignar sua anmo a Deo. Me esas rezignanta (od, rezignas) pri la perdo di mea yuri. Subisar exilo kun rezignemeso. V. exp.: Rezignar esas aceptar volunte desfeliceso, domajo, perdo, quan on ‘subisis’ e generale ne povis evitar. La rezigno esas pasiva, dum ke l’abnego esas spontana. On rezignas pri la morto di ulu kara, pri la perdo di sua havajo, pri maladeso neremediebla; kp. abnego, renuncar. — DEFIS
  • rezin-o resin, rozen; -ala, -oza, -atra: resinous. — EFIS
  • rezist-ar (tr.) to resist: withstand the shock of something; to defend (oneself), strive against (ulu, ulo); to hold against, oppose; not to succumb to (fatigue, etc.); -(ad)o: resistance, opposition; -anta, -ema, -iva: resistant; -ivo: (mechan., phys.) resistance; -em-eso: (tendency) hindrance, opposition; -iv-eso: resistivity, resisting power. Ex. La kolda fero rezistas la martelagado. Rezistar shoko, impreso. Rezisto al enemiko. Rezisto a tenteso. Mahagono esas rezistanta ligno. Ant.: cedar, sukombar. — EFIS
  • rezolv-ar (tr.) to resolve: take or come to a decision (to do something); -o, -uro: resolution, decision; -ema: resolute; -em-eso: (of character) resoluteness, determination; -oze: resolutely, stoutly. Ex.: Rezolvar parolar ad ulu. Rezolvar facar ulo. Ne facez rezolvi dum la unesma ataki di vua iraco. Homo rezolvema. V. exp.: vid. decidar. — DEFIS
  • rezon-ar, -adar (intr.) to reason (pri); -ar: (tr.) to apply one’s reason to (ulo), to study (ulo); -(ad)o: reasoning, ratiocination (cf. raciono); -anta: reasoning; -anto, -ero: reasoner, logician; mis- -ar: to reason wrongly; (fig.) talk nonsense, rave, wander in mind. — DEFIRS
  • rezult-ar (intr.) to result (from certain premises, conditions); to follow (from); be the consequence (of); -o: result, effect, consequence; -ajo: (objective) result; -anto: (mechan.) resultant (force). Ex.: La deskonkordo rezultis en civitanala milito. La rezulto esas nekalkulebla. Ica (objekto) esas la rezultajo. — DEFIRS
  • rezum-ar (tr.) to recapitulate, sum up, to summarize; -o: recapitulation, summary, resume; -e: to sum up, upon the whole, in substance; -a: summary, compendious. Ex.: La peroraciono rezumas la tota diskurso. Rezumo di la historio di Francia. — DEFIS
  • Rhen-o Rhine.
  • ri- (with verbal roots) re-, back (to an original or former state or position); again (in the sense of repetition or restoration); ri-elektar, to re-elect; ri-enirar, to re-enter; ri-donar, to give back (again); ri-facar, to do over again, remake; ri-dicar, to say again, repeat.
  • ri-abon-ar to resubscribe (jurnalo); -igar: to renew the subscription of (ulu).
  • ri-acend-ar (tr.) to relight, rekindle.
  • ri-aceso, -atako (med.) relapse; (cf. recidivo).
  • ri-agraf-agar (tr.) to reclasp, hook (ulo) again.
  • ri-ajust-igar to readjust.
  • ri-anim-ar (tr.) to revive, reanimate.
  • ri-apar-ar (intr.) to reappear; -anta: recurrent.
  • ri-apert-ar (tr., lit. and fig.) to re-open, open again (a door, wound, theater (theatre), etc.).
  • ri-aranj-ar to rearrange.
  • ri-arm-izar to rearm.
  • ri-asembl-ar, -igar to reassemble.
  • rib-o (bot.) currant; -iero: currant bush (Ribes rubrum). — IL
  • riboflavin-o riboflavin(e). — DEFIRS
  • ri-buton-agar (tr.) to rebutton.
  • rich-a (lit. and fig.) rich (esp. in money, land, goods); -ega: very rich, opulent; -(ulo): a rich person; -eso: (condition) wealthy, richness; -et-eso: in comfortable circumstances; -ajo: wealth (considered objectively); -igar: to enrich (ulu); -eskar: to become, grow rich. Ant.: povra. — DEFIS
  • ricin-o (bot.) castor-oil plant (Ricinus communis); -oleo: castor oil. — DEFISL
  • «rictus» (wide) grin, grinning. Def.: Kontrakto muskulala qua deskovras la denti e donas a la boko ridanta aspekto.
  • rid-ar (intr.) to laugh (ye); -etar: to smile; -eto: smile, short l.; -egar: to l. much; -eskar: to burst out laughing, commence to l.; -ar kontre-vole: to l. against one’s will; -inda: laughable, comical, ridiculous; -ind-(ul)o: ridiculous person; -ind-ajo: a ridiculous thing; -ema, -iva: tendency to l., giggly, risible; -ind-eso: ridiculousness; -ind-igar: to ridicule, make (ulu) ridiculous; -achar: to snigger, giggle; -ach-etar: to titter. — FIS
  • ri-deb-izar to put (su, ulu) in debt again; -eskar: to run again into debt.
  • ridel-o side pole, rack or board placed on a cart to help hold the load; cart-rack. — FI
  • ridikul-a ridiculous. — EFIS
  • ri-don-ar (tr.) to give back; -o: restitution.
  • ri-elekt-ar (tr.) to re-elect; -ebla: re-eligible.
  • ri-en-ir-ar (tr., intr.) to re-enter.
  • ri-en-korp-igar to reincorporate.
  • ri-establis-ar (tr.) to re-establish, reinstate (su, ulu, ulo, en, sur).
  • ri-exportac-ar (tr.) to re-export.
  • rif-o reef; ledge of rocks standing above the level of the water. V. exp. vid. brizanto. — DER
  • ri-fac-ar (tr.) to do (ulo) over again, remake.
  • ri-fald-ar (tr.) to turn in or up, take in, make a pleat, tuck; -uro: pleat, tuck.
  • ri-fort-igar (tr.) -eskar: (intr.) to (re-)strengthen.
  • ri-fresh-igar to freshen; -eskar: to become refreshed.
  • ri-gan-ar (tr.) to regain, recover (sin.: ri-aquirar, ri-obtenar, ri-havar).
  • rigid-a (lit. and fig.) rigid, stiff, not easily bent, not pliant; (of persons) inflexible, unyielding; -eso: stiffness, rigidity; (fig.) severity; -igar: to stiffen, render inflexible. Ex.: Fera stango esas rigida. Stacar rigida. Koldeso rigidas la fingri. Il esas rigida homo. Ant.: laxa, flex-ebla, mola. — DEFIS
  • rigl-o bolt; -agar; rigle kloz-ar: (tr.) to bolt. — D
  • rigor-o rigor; extreme exactness or strictness; -oza: rigorous, strict; strict (cf. severa); -isto: rigorist, a person rigid or exact to excess; -ismo: rigorism, strictness, austerity; -oza, segun rigoro: rigorously, with rigour. Ex.: La rigoro di la legi, di la reguli. Rigoroza judiciisto. Rigoroza demonstro. — DEFIS
  • rig-o, -aro (nav.) rigging, tackle; -izar: to rig (a ship). — E
  • ri-imprim-ar (tr.) to reprint; -uro: a reprint
  • ri-junt-ar, -union-ar (tr.) to join again, reunite.
  • ri-kapt-ar (tr.) to recapture, retake, get hold of again.
  • rikoch-ar (intr.) to ricochet, rebound. — DEFR
  • ri-kolok-ar (tr., fin.) to reinvest.
  • ri-koncili-ar (tr.) to reconcile (again), to conciliate (anew), make friends again.
  • ri-konoc-ar to recognize, know again, indentify; -ebla: recognizable. Ex.: Rikonocar ulu per lua traiti, lua voco.
  • ri-konstituc-ar (tr.) to reconstitute, reorganize.
  • ri-konstrukt-ar (tr.) to reconstruct, build anew.
  • ri-kopi-ar (tr.) to recopy.
  • ri-kustum-igar to reaccustom (ulu); -eskar: to reaccustom, get used to again.
  • ri-lern-ar (tr.) to learn (ulo) anew.
  • rim-o rhyme: accord in sound of words (cf. verso); -ifar: to rhyme; -izar: to put (ulo) into rhyme. Ex.: Ica du vorti ne rimifas. — DEFIRS
  • ri-mariaj-ar (tr.) to marry again; -o: a second marriage. Ex.: Nepoleon rimariajas su kun Marie-Louise.
  • rimbors-ar (tr.) to reimburse, repay, refund (in money). Ex.: Pagez por me, me rimborsos a vu. — DEFIS
  • ri-memor-ar (tr.) to remember again, to recollect; -o: recollection, reminiscence; -igar: to remind (ulo da ulu).
  • rimen-o (leather) strap, belt; sen fina -o: endless belt; sub ventra -o: belly-band (as for horses); tir- -o: trace (of a harness); ligo- -o: tether, thong. — DR
  • ri-nask-ar (intr.) to be born again; (fig.) to spring up again, to reappear; -o: new birth, revival; -igar: to regenerate.
  • rinforc-ar (tr., milit.) to reinforce (a garrison, etc.); -o, -uro: reinforcement. — EFIS
  • ring-o ring: circlet of metal or other substance; (tech.) ferrule, bushing; har- -o: ringlet (cf. loklo); (astron.) ring; -a, -atra, -forma: ring (-shaped), annular; -oza: having rings; (nat. hist.) annulated; -ego: large ring, hoop; -izar: to place a ring on (ulu, ulo), to hoop, ferrule, bush; katen- -o: link; -fingro: the third finger. — DE
  • rinocer-o (zool.) rhinoceros (family: Rhinocerotidæ). — DEFIS
  • rinoplastik-o rhinoplasty: plastic surgery on the nose.
  • ri-nov-igar to renew: make new again, renovate.
  • rins-ar (tr.) to rinse (a glass, clothes, etc.); -aquo: rinse-water. — EF
  • ri-okup-ar (tr.) to reoccupy.
  • ri-organ-izar to reorganize.
  • rip-ar (tr., mechan., automobiles and other vehicles) to skid: slide sideways (cf. slipo). V. exp.: Ripar esas glitar skrapante, o kun forta friciono, qua impedas e fine haltas la funciono di mashino (teknikal vorto). — F
  • ri-pas-ar (tr., intr.) to repass, pass by again.
  • ri-pav-izar to repave.
  • ri-popul-izar to repopulate, repeople.
  • ri-produkt-ar (tr., gen. sense) to reproduce.
  • ri-, retro-kompr-ar to buy again, buy back; -o: repurchase; -ebla: repurchaseable, redeemable.
  • ri-, retro-port-ar (tr.) to bring again, to bring back.
  • ri-, retro-ven-ar (intr.) to return, come back.
  • ri-, retro-vok-ar (tr.) to call again, call back, recall.
  • ri-salt-ar (intr.) to rebound, spring back.
  • ri-san-igar to cure, make well, heal, (ulu); -eskar: to get well; -ig-ebla: curable (of persons; cf. remediebla); -ig-iva: curative. V. exp.: On ri-sanigas malado. On re-medias maladeso. On povas kuracar ulu sen ri-san-igar lu.
  • ri-sid-ar (intr.) to take one’s seat again; reseat; -igar: to reseat (ulu).
  • risk-ar (tr.) to risk, hazard, venture (cf. aventurar, pariar); -o: risk, hazard; -ajo: something risked, a venture, stake; -oza: risky, hazardous; -ema: venturesome, adventurous, bold (person); -ar pekunio: to risk money; -ar su: to risk, expose oneself to danger. V.exp.: Ta qua riskas sua pekunio en hazardal ludo tote ne audacoza: il esas simple ... dessajo. — DEFIRS
  • rism-o ream (of paper: Eng.: 480 sheets; foreign: 500 sheets). — DEIS
  • risol-ar (intr.); -igar: (tr.) (cook.) to brown, to fry or roast brown. — FI
  • ri-son-igar to resound: sound again (cf. resonar).
  • rispektiv-a respective: belonging to each; -e: respectively. Ex.: La rispektiva yuri di du kunheredanti. Li iris a sua rispektiva hemi. Konsiderar rispektive la avantaji e des-avantaji di ulo. — DEFIRS
  • ristorn-ar (tr., com.) to cancel (an insurance policy, esp. maritime); -o: cancelling; partial refund (of an insurance). — DFIRS
  • ri-suol-izar to resole, (shoes, stockings).
  • ri-sur-poz-ar (tr.) to reaffix, put on again.
  • ri-sut-ar (tr.) to resew.
  • ritm-o rhythm (cf. kadenco); -ala, -oza: rhythmical. — DEFIRS
  • ritornel-o (mus.) ritornello. Def.: Ario quaze preliminara qua anuncas ulo. — DEFIS
  • ri-tra-ir-ar (tr.) to recross, traverse again.
  • ritu-o rite; -ala: ritual: relating to rites; -aro, -libro: (collect.) rites, ritual (-book); -alisto: ritualist. — DEFIRS
  • ri-union-ar (tr.) to reunite.
  • riv-o shore, beach, strand; bank (of a river); (fig.) skirt (of a wood); -navigar: to coast; -an-a, -o, habit-anto: river- or coast-side (resident). V. exp.: vid. plajo. — FS
  • rival-a; -o, -ulo, -ino rival; -eso: rivalry; -esar: to be a rival; to vie (kun) (cf. konkursar, konkurencar). — DEFIS
  • ri-vend-ar (tr.) to resell, sell again.
  • river-o river, stream; -eto: brook, streamlet, rivulet. — EF
  • ri-verd-eskar to become green again.
  • ri-vest-izar to dress again, clothe anew.
  • rivet-o rivet; -agar, -izar: to rivet (ulo). — EF
  • ri-vid-ar (tr.) to see again; (fig.) to meet (ulu) again; til -o: until we meet again.
  • ri-viv-igar (lit. and fig.) to revive, reanimate, resuscitate, bring (ulu) to life again (cf. ri-naskar, ri-fresh-igar, ri-nov-igar); -eskar: to become revived, rise from the dead; -igo, -esko: revivication.
  • ri-yun-igar to make (look) young, rejuvenate; -eskar: to grow young again, become restored to youth; -igo, -esko: rejuvenescence.
  • riz-o rice: -kultiv-eyo: rice plantation; -pudro: rice powder. — DEFIRS
  • rizom-o rhizome, rootstock. — DEFIRS
  • rizopod-o (zool.) rhizopod(a). — DEFIS
  • rob-o robe: long, loose garment for man or woman; -o dekolt-ita: low-necked, -cut gown; chambro- -o: dressing gown, morning gown; -o kun tren-ajo: gown with train. — DEFS
  • robinet-o cock, tap (for draining off liquids). — FI
  • robini-o (bot. genus) robinia; (black) locust; (false) acacia (cf. akacio).
  • robot-o robot. — DEFIRS
  • robotik-o robotics. — DEFIRS
  • robr-o rubber (of card games as in whist). — DEFR
  • robust-a robust, hardy, sturdy; -o, -ulo, -ino: a robust person; -eso: robustness. Def.: Qua posedas forteso, vigoro. Ant.: febla, debila. — DEFIS
  • rochet-o rochet: a kind of surplice. — DEFIS
  • (de-)rod-ar (tr.) to gnaw, eat by bits; erode; (fig.) to champ (of horses); (cf. mordar); -anta, -ema: gnawing; -etar: to nibble; -ero: (animal) rodent. La hundo rodas osto. La puero rodis sua ungli. — EFIS
  • Rodezi-a Rhodesia; -ano: Rhodesian.
  • rodi-o (chem.) rhodium.
  • rodinal-o (photog.) rodinal
  • rododendr-o (bot. genus) rhododendron. — DEFIS
  • rodomont-o rodomont: blusterer, vain boaster, braggart; -ajo: empty blustering, bravado, hectoring. Def.: Fanfaronemo pri milital agi; falsa brav(ul)o. — EFI
  • rog-o funeral pile, pyre: stack of wood for burning the dead or a person at the stake. Def.: Lign-amaso por brular ulu od ulo. — IL
  • rogacion-i (R.C. rel.) public prayers and processions held on rogation days.
  • rok-o a (large) rock, boulder (cf. petro, stono); -ego: a very large rock; -ajo: rocky mass high, steep and rising or jutting out to a point, as seen in the sea; rocky cliff, crag; -oza: rocky: full of rocks; -atra kordio: a hard stony heart; Rokoza Monti: Rocky Mountains. Def.: Granda amaso de petro. Ex.: On povas ruptar roko e tale facar stoni. Ferma quale roko. Gibraltar esas konstruktita sur rokajo. — EFIS
  • rokambol-o (bot.) rocambole (Allium sativum, var. Ophioscorodon). — DEF
  • rokok-a, -o rococo (style); (fig.) antiquated (style). — DEF
  • rol-o (theat. and gen.) rôle: part, character, impersonation; plear -o: to play a part; -eto: minor rôle. — DEFR
  • roler-o (tech.) roller (cf. rul-ilo, -bloko).
  • Roma Rome; -ano: Roman, citizen of Rome (the city); -ana balanco: Roman balance, a steelyard; la -ana lingui: the Romance languages.
  • roman-o a novel, book of fiction; -isto, -autoro: novelist, romance writer; -ala: relating to a novel; -atra, -ema: fanciful, romantic; -protagonisto: hero of romance; (cf. novelo). — DEFIRS
  • romanc-o ballas, romantic song. — DFIRS
  • (la) Romanch-a (linguo) Romansh (language). Def.: Linguo romanala parolata en Graubünden: Suisa kantono maxim estala. — DEF
  • romantik-a romamtic. — DEFIRS
  • romb-o (geom.) rhomb(us); -ala: rhombic. — DEF
  • romboedr-o (geom.) rhombohedron, parallelepipedon. — DEF
  • romboid-o (geom.) rhomboid. — DEFIS
  • rond-a round, rotund; -o, -ajo: any round figure or object (cf. cirklo, disko, ringo); -eta, atra: roundish, rotund, round-like; -eso: roundness, rotundity; -igar, -eskar: (tr., intr.) to make, become round; -irar: (intr.) to go around, circulate; -iro: round, circuit; (of a policeman, etc.) beat. — DEFIS
  • rondel-o (poetry) rondeau, roundelay; (mus.) rondo. — DEFIRS
  • ronk-ar (intr.) to snore. — FS
  • ronron-ar (intr., of cats) to purr. — F
  • roqu-ar (intr.) to rook, castle (at chess). — F
  • ros-o dew; -oza: covered with dew; bedewed. — FRS
  • rosbif-o roast-beef. — DEFIRS
  • rosmar-o walrus (genus: Rosmarus). — L
  • rosmarin-o (bot.) rosemary (genus: Rosmarinus). — DEFIR
  • rosp-o toad. — I
  • rost-ar (tr., intr.) to roast (meat); to toast (bread); -ajo, -karno: a roast; -o-pano: toast. — DEFI
  • rostr-o (in gen.) any beak-like extension; (nat. hist.) bill, beak (of an insect); trunk, proboscis (as of an elephant); (bot) prolonged rigid process; (Roman antiq.) beak of a ship; rostrum in a forum.
  • rot-o wheel; -aro: wheels (collect.), wheel-works, -movement; -o-sulko: rut; quar-rota veturo: four-wheeled vehicle; -o-nabo: hub, nave; -o-felgo: felloe, felly, rim; -o-torment-ar: to break (on a wheel); -atre marchar: to go heels over head; -eskarto: (R.R.) gauge: distance between the wheels. — FIS
  • rotac-ar (intr.) to rotate, revolve: turn on axis; -(ad)o: rotating, rotation; -a, -ala: rotary; -o-kubo: teetotum, spinning top. Ex.: La planeti rotacas cirkum sua axi; li jiras cirkum la suno. Rotacado di roto. V. exp.: vid. jirar. — DEFIRS
  • rotan-o (bot.) rattan (Calamus rotang); -a stulo: rattan chair. — DEFRS
  • rotifer-o (zool.) rotifer. — EFIS
  • rotol-ar (intr.) to rumble, roll (with noise). Ex.: Veturo rotolas kande ol rulas alonge la strado. La rotolado di tondro, di tamburo. V. exp.: L’ideo expresenda esas ta di bruiso produktata per frapi rapide sucedanta. — I
  • rotond-o (arch.) rotunda; (clothing) a round cloak. — DEFIRS
  • rotul-o (mechan.) ball and socket joint. — FIS
  • rov-o (bot.) bramble, brier, thorn-bush; -eyo: brake, brier-patch; -bero: a brier berry; blackberry. — I
  • rovr-o (bot.) English oak (Quercus robur); (cf. querko). — FIS
  • royal-ism-o royalism: attachment to the cause of royalty; -ist-a, -o: royalist. — DEFR
  • roz-o rose; -oza: full of roses; -atr-ajo: rosette; -iero: r. bush; -ier-eyo: r. garden; -ea: r. colo(u)red; -koloro: r. colo(u)r; -aquo: r. water; -buketo: bouquet of r.s; -burjono: r. bud; -fenestro: (arch.) r. window; -ligno: rosewood; -mielo: honey of r.s; vento -o: (mariner’s) compass-card. — DEFIRS
  • rozari-o (rel.) rosary. — DEFIS
  • rozeol-o (med.) roseola: a rose colo(u)red rash; scarlet rash, rose rash; (cf. morbilo). — EFIS
  • rozlaur-o (bot.) oleander, rose-bay (Nerium Oleander).
  • Ruand-a Rwanda. — DEFIRS
  • ruband-o ribbon; tape; -izar: to trim with ribbons. — EF
  • rubarb-o (bot.) rhubarb (genus: Rheum). — DEFIS
  • rubeol-o rubella, German measles. — EFIS
  • rubi-o (bot.) madder (Rubia tinctorum). — ISL
  • rubid-o (chem.) rubidium.
  • rubin-o (stone) ruby; -ea: ruby-colo(u)red; balas- -o: balas-ruby. — DEFIRS
  • rubrik-o rubric. V. exp.: Rubriko esas generala titulo. Ex. en Progreso esas: la Lingual questioni, Kroniko, Bibliografio, Diversaji, sub qui singla artiklo havas sua titulo. — DEFIS
  • rud-a rude, (of things) rough, unformed by art; (of persons) rough, uncultured, uneducated; (of manners) coarse, unpolished; -eso: roughness, rudeness; traktar -e: to use roughly, harshly, to ill-treat. — DEFI
  • rudiment-a rudiment-al, -ary: little developed; -o: rudiment, element. Ex.: Rudimenta organo. Rudimenti di gramatiko. La rudimenti di planti. — DEFIRS
  • ruf-a russet, sandy, reddish-brown, -yellow; ginger-colo(u)red; -(ul)o: red-haired, sandy-haired person; -eso: russet-colo(u)r; -atra: reddish, russet; -igar, -eskar: (tr., intr.) to make, become russet-colo(u)red, brown. Ex.: La tro varma glatigilo povas rufigar la linjo. — L
  • rug-o wrinkle (on the face); ripple (on the water); -oza: wrinkled, full of wrinkles; corrugated; (bot.) rugose; -izar: to wrinkle; -iz-eskar: to be wrinkled; -oz-eskar: to become wrinkled. — FIS
  • ruin-ar (tr.) to ruin; -o, -eso, -ajo: (act, state, object) ruination; a ruin; -anta, -iva: falling to ruin; ruinous; par- -ar: to ruin completely. Ex.: Ruinar ulu, viti. Esar ruinita da ludo-pasiono. Ruino di la stato, di lua bona reputo. La domo falis en ruineso, e tale esis ruinajo. — DEFIRS
  • ruk-o rock: distaff. — DEIS
  • rukt-ar (intr.) to belch (gas from stomach), eruct(ate). — EFIS
  • rukul-ar (intr., of pigeons) to coo. — F
  • rul-ar (tr., intr.) to roll (by turning over, as a wheel, also from side to side, as a ship), roll along, wheel along; -ar su: to roll one’s body, wallow, welter; -achar su: to sprawl; rul-aplastar: (tr.) to crush with a roller; rul-falar: to tumble, topple down; -ilo, -bloko: (instr.) roller; rul-kurteno: roller blind; rul-sketar: to skate (on rollers). Ex.: Rular bulo, roko, okuli. La lakrimi rulis adinfre sur la vangi. La ondi di la rivero rulas vers la maro. — DEF
  • rulad-o (mus.) roulade. — EF
  • rulet-o (game) roulette. — DEFIRS
  • rum-o rum. — EFIR
  • Rumani-a Roumania; -ano: Roumanian.
  • rumb-o (nav.) rhumb. — DEFIS
  • Rumeli-a Roumelia; -ano: Roumelian.
  • rumin-ar (tr., intr.) to ruminate: chew over again, chew the cud (cf. meditar); -anto, -ero: (zool.) ruminant. — EFIS
  • rumor-o rumo(u)r: popular report. — EFIS
  • rump-o (anat.) rump; (vulg.) backsides; (cf. sedo, gluteo). — E
  • rumstek-o rumpsteak. — DEF
  • run-o, -i rune(s): Runic character(s) or letter(s); -ala: Runic. — DEFIRS
  • «rupie» (money) rupee.
  • rupt-ar (tr.) to break (asunder, up, open, by violence, or stress), to snap, rupture, shatter; -o, -uro: break(ing), rupture, fracture; -ajo: what is broken; -ebla: breakable (cf. frajila); -esar: to be broken; -o-peco: piece broken off, fragment. — EFIS
  • rur-o country; rural district as opp. to town; -ala: rural; -ana, -ano: peasant, rustic, country person (not in a depreciatory sense); -domo: country house. — EFIS
  • Rus-a Russian; -o: a Russian; -ia: Russia.
  • rush-o ruce (for neck or cuff). — DEFR
  • rusk-o (bot.) butchers broom, knee-holly, -holm (Ruscus [aculeatus]). — ISL
  • rust-o (of metals) rust; -oza, -iz-ita: rusted; blighted; -izar, -igar: to rust (metals); -ozeso, -izeso, -ozajo: rustiness. — DE
  • rustik-a, -o rustic; -eso: rusticity; -acho: clodhopper. — DEFIS
  • rut-o (bot.) rue (Ruta [graveolens]). — DFIRS
  • ruten-o (metal) ruthenium.
  • rutin-o routine, rote, habit; -acho: red-tape, rut; -e by routine; -ema, -emo: (one) who acts by routine; red-tapist. Def.: Kustumo sequata sen judiko; kustumal ago facita sen reflektar. — DEFIRS
  • ruz-ar (intr.) to use low craft, cunning, artifice, stratagem; -oza, -ema, -acha: artful, crafty, sly, cunning; -ach-ajo: act of knavery, sharp practice. Def.: Uzar artifico, subtileso por trompar. — DEF


S

  • sabat-o Sabbath: seventh day of the week among the Jews (Saturday); (fig.) the first day of the week as observed by Christians (Sunday) (cf. sundio, saturdio). — DEFIRS
  • sabelik-o savoy (cabbage. Brassica sabanda). — L
  • sabl-o sand; -oza: sandy: full of s.; -a plajo: s. beach; -eto: fine s.; scouring s.; -o-grano: grain of s.; -uyo: s. holder, s. box; -eyo; -o-min-eyo: sandy spot, sandpit; -o mov-anta: shifting s.; -izar: to s.: cover with s.; -o-horlojo: hour-glass; -o-strato: s. bar. — FIS
  • sabord-o (square) porthole; gunport. — F
  • sabot-ar to sabotage. — DEFIRS
  • sabr-o saber (sabre), broadsword; -eto; -o por abordar: cutlass; -uyo; -o-gaino: s. scabbard; -frapar, -agar: to s. (ulu); -frapo, -vund-uro: blow with a s., s. wound; -o-posho: sabretache. Def.: Speco di espado kun tranchanta lamo larja. — DEFIRS
  • sacerdot-o priest or priestess; -ino: priestess; -ulo: p.; -ala: sacerdotal, priestly; -eso: (dignity, office) priesthood; -aro: (collect.) priesthood. — EFIS
  • saci-ar (tr.) to give a bare sufficiency to, give a minimum to (ulu); -esar: to content oneself; put up with; -esar da poko: to put up with a little. V. exp.: Saturar esas furnisar la maximo, e saciar esas furnisar la minimo suficanta por kalmigar o cesigar irga bezono. On povas saciar sua hungro per pano-peco, sua dirsto per glasedo de aquo; ma kande on saturas su per manjaji o drinkaji, on riskas, sive mala digesto sive ebrieso. Simile pri omna bezoni e deziri. Existas ofte granda difero o neegaleso inter la minimo strikte necesa por saciar e la maximo qua saturas. Me tre deziras salario de dek franki; me saciesus da ok franki, ma me ne esas kontenta, nam generale, por esar vere kontenta, on bezonas plu kam la minimo necesa. Do saciar ne esas kontentigar, nek saciesar esas kontent-esar, -eskar. Saciar expresas esence sentimento; do saciar povas havar nur persono kom objekto, kontre ke suficar povas havar omnaspeca objekti. — FIS
  • safen-a (veini) (anat.) saphenous (veins).
  • safir-o (min.) sapphire. — DEFIRS
  • safran-o (bot. and colo(u)ring material) saffron (Crocus [sativus]); -ea: s. colo(u)red; -izar, -agar: (tr.) to s.: tinge with yellow. — DEFIRS
  • sagac-a sagacious, perspicacious, shrewd; -eso: sagacity, acumen, acuteness, discernment; -(ul)o: a s. person. Ex.: Sagaco dicernas multa diferi ube altri vidas nur kozi uniforma. — EFIS
  • sagitari-o (bot.) arrrow-head (genus: Sagittaria). — FISL
  • saguin-o (zool.) sagoin: squirrel-monkey, marmoset of genus: Callithrix. — DEFIRS
  • sagut-o sago (cf. tapiokao); -iero: s. tree or palm (Cycas Metrocylon). — DEFIRS
  • Sahara Sahara.
  • saim-o lard (cf. lardo). Def.: Porko-graso fuzita, sen salo. — I
  • saj-a wise, knowing, enlightened, sage, sensible, reasonable; -eso: wisdom; -(ul)o: a wise person, a sage; -igar, -eskar: to make, to become wise; ne- -a: unwise, ill-advised. Ex.: Saja lego, politikisto, konduto, judiciisto. La sajeso di la Egiptiani. Il montris granda sajeso en ta cirkonstanci. Ant.: stulta, absurda. — EFIS
  • sak-o (also anat. and bot.) sack: bag, pouch; -edo: sackful, bagful; -o papera: a paper bag; -o-reto: net bag; drag net, trawl; -o de frumento: s. of wheat; ledor- -o: leather pouch; manu- -o: handbag, satchel; sablo- -o: sandbag: bag for sand; sako de sablo: sandbag: bag of sand; sako-strado: blind alley, cul-de-sac. — DEFIS
  • sakarimetr-o saccharimeter. — DEFIS
  • sakarimetri-o saccharimetry. — DEFIS
  • sakarin-o saccharin(e). — DEFIS
  • sakr-a sacred; -eso: sacredness; -ajo: a s. object; -igar: to render s., to consecrate (ulu, ulo); (fig.) to annoint, crown (a king); (cf. konsakrar); -o-santa: sacrosanct, most holy. Ex.: Sakra historio. La sakra ordi. La sakra fairo di Vesta. Sekretajo esas sakrajo. Sakrigar episkopo, rejo. — EFIS
  • sakrament-o sacrament. Ex.: Donar la lasta sakramenti ad uli. Sakramentala vino. La katolikismo havas sep sakramenti: sakramento di bapto, di konfirmo, di la extrema unciono, e.c. — DEFIRS
  • sakrifik-ar (tr., intr.: lit. and fig.) to sacrifice (ulu, ulo); to make offerings; -o, -ajo: sacrifice, offering; -ala: sacrificial; hom- -o: human s. Ex.: Sakrifikar viktimi, sua interesti, sua havaji, sua tempo. La sakrifiko di la meso, di la honoro. La sakrifiko di Izaak da Abraham. — EFIS
  • sakrilej-ar (intr.) to commit a sacrilege; -anta, -inta: sacrilegious. Def.: Profanacar ulu, ulo veneracinda o sakra. Ex.: Sakrilejar kontre sacerdoto, kontre vestalo. (fig.) Esus sakrilejo abatar ica belega arboro. — DEFIS
  • sakrist-o sexton; sacristan; -io: sacristy. — DEFIS
  • sakrum-o (anat.) sacrum. — EFIS
  • sal-o salt; (chem.) sodium chloride; -ifar: to salify: to produce salt; -igar: to salify: to form a salt with; to impregnate (ulo) with salt; -izar: to cover (ulo) with salt; -a kolono: a column (made) of salt; -ala legi: laws relating to s.; -oza fisho: a salty fish; -iz-ita porko-karno: salt pork; -if-isto: a salt-maker (producer); -iz-isto: a salter, curer; -atra: (tendency)salty; brackish; -uyo, -iz-uyo: salt-shaker, salting-box; -oz-eso: saltness; -aquo: salt water; -min-eyo: salt-mine; -o grosa: coarse salt; -grano: grain of salt; -marsho: a salt marsh; amoniak-salo: sal ammoniac. — DEFIRS
  • salad-o salad; -uyo: s. dish, s. bowl. — DEFIRS
  • salamandr-o (zool.) salamander (Salamandra). — DEFIRS
  • salari-ar (tr.) to pay a stipend, wages, a salary to (ulu); -o, -ajo: salary, wages stipend; -ato: a salaried person; -at-acho: hireling. — DEFIS
  • sald-ar (tr.) to settle with: pay the balance due on an account current; -o, -uro: settlement, payment; -ajo: balance due: difference between debits and credits of a running account; (cf. bilanco). Ex.: Saldar trupi, employati. — DFI
  • salep-o (esp. pharm.) salep: dried roots of various orchids. — DEFIRS
  • sali-ar (intr.) to be protuberant, to jut out, project. (N.B. refers to form not movement; cf. spricar); -igar: to cause to jut out, to bring into prominence; (of fluids) throw up; -o, -ajo: jutting forth; protuberance, prominence, projection; (fort.) salient; -anta: projecting, prominent, salient. — EFIS
  • salik-o (bot.) willow-tree (genus: Salix); -o ploranta: weeping w. — IL
  • salik-a Salic; -a lego: S. law. V. exp.: Ideo di heredado nur da e tra la maskuli. — DEFIRS
  • salikari-o (bot.) spiked purple loose-strife; willow-weed (Lythrum salicaria). — F
  • salin-o salina: salt-works; (cf. sal-min-eyo). Def.: Loko ube produktesas la salo per vapigo di la saloza aquo. — DEFIS
  • salinc-o (chem.) salicin.
  • saliv-o saliva, spittle; -ala: salivary; -ifar: to salivate (cf. sputar). V. exp.: vid. bavar. — EFIS
  • salmon-o (ich.) salmon; -yuno: young s.; -ea: s. colo(u)red. — DEFIS
  • salon-o saloon: drawing-room, parlo(u)r; (cf. art-ala expoz-eyo). Def.: Chambro en apartamento destinita por aceptar vizitanti. — DEFRS
  • salpetr-o saltpeter. — DEFR
  • salsifi-o (bot.) salsify, oyster-plant (Tragopogon porrifolius). — EF
  • salt-ar (intr.) to leap, jump, bound, hop (upward or forward), vault (ad, sur, trans, retro, ad-avane); -igar: to bounce (ulo): cause to leap or jump; -etar: to hop, skip, caper; -ope: by leaps and bounds; -anta, -et-anta: leaping, skipping; ri- -ar: to rebound; dorso- -o: (game) leapfrog; later-ala -o: side jump; turno- -o: summersault; trans-saltar: (tr.) to jump across; vento- -o: (nav.) a shift of wind. Ex.: Saltar trans (od, trans-saltar) fosato. Irar super ulo per un salto. Saltar al guturo di ulu. — EFIS
  • salubr-a (of places, things) salubrious, wholesome, healthy; -eso: salubrity; -igar, -eskar: to render, become s. V. exp.: Salubra tote ne esas sana; sana koncernas la personi o vivanti; salubra koncernas la kozi (klimato, lando, domo). Anke salubreso tote ne esas la saneso, ma la extera, fizikal kondicioni di la saneso. Ol anke ne esas la higieno, qua esas l’arto konservar la saneso. On povas (e devas) sequar la higieno precipue en ne-salubra lando; anke sana. — EFIS
  • salut-ar (tr.) to greet, salute (cf. salvear, reverencar); -ego: a very low bow, salaam; hearty salute; inter- -ar: to salute each other; -ar per espado, per manuo, per salveo: to salute with the sword, with the hand, by firing a salute; -ar per voco: to cheer. Def.: Donar ad ulu extera signo di respekto, politeso. — DEFIRS
  • salutar-a salutary, wholesome, beneficial. Def.: Qua risanigas o salvas. Ex.: Salutara legi, kura-civi manjaji. V. exp.: vid. sana. — EFIS
  • salv-ar (tr., also theol.) to save (from danger, peril, sickness), to deliver, rescue; to salvage (goods); -(ad)o: saving, salvation, salvaging; -eso: safety, salvation: state of being saved; -anta: saving, rescuing; -anto, -into, -onto: saver, deliverer; (theol.) Saviour; -ita: saved, safe (cf. sekura, integra); -o-letro: safe-conduct; -o-gardar: (tr.) to safeguard; -o-gard-ilo: (instr.) safeguard; -boyo: life-buoy. Ex.: Salvar urbo, vivo, sua honoro. — DEFIS
  • salve-ar (intr., milit.) to fire a salute, a volley (cf. salutar); -o, -o-pafado: salute, volley, salvo; aplaud- -o: (fig.) a round of applause. — DEFIRS
  • salvi-o (bot.) sage (-plant) (genus: Salvia).
  • sam-a same (cf. identa); -o: the s. thing; -eso: sameness; -e: also, likewise, ditto; sam-gent-ano, sam-civit-ano, sam-stat-ano, sam-urb-ano: fellow citizen; sam-genera: congenerous, of the same genus; -speca: of the same species; sam-ide-ano: fellow thinker; partisan of the same idea; sam-instanta: happening at the same moment, simultaneous (cf. sam-tempa); sam-land-ano: compatriot, fellow countryman; sam-matra: of the same mother; -patr(ul)a: consanguine; sam-patri-ano: compatriot, fellow counrtyman; (cf. sam-land-ano); sam-religi-ano: coreligionist; sam-spec-ano: a kindred or cognate species; sam-substanc-eso: consubstantiality; sam-temp-a: contemporaneous, simultaneous (cf. sam-instanta); sam-tempano: contemporary; sam-centra: concentric. Ex.: Il ne plus esas la sama homo. To esas la sama (od, to esas equivalanta). La sameso di la peizaji. Il pensas same kam me. La sama rezultajo. Me lektis la sama libro kam vu (la sama verko, ma en altra exemplero). La mediko probis desparigar samtempe la febro e la dursto. — DER
  • Samari-a Samaria; -ano: Samaritan.
  • sambuk-o (bot.) elder (-tree) (genus: Sambucus). — IL
  • Samoa Samoa.
  • samovar-o samovar: Russian tea-urn. — DEFR
  • san-a (pr. of persons; fig. of things) healthy, well, hearty, hale, sound in health; (fig.) sound, wholesome; -a mente: sane; -eso: healthiness, good health; san-esar: to be well, to be all right, be in good health; -es-ala: sanitary, -igar: to make healthy, well; -eskar: to recover one’s health; -ig-iva: wholesome, hearty; korpe e mente -a: sound in body and mind; sana e sekura: well (or, safe) and sound; sana opiniono, kritiko: sane opinion, sound criticism; sana arboro: healthy tree. Def.: Qua havas konstituciono (od figurale, konstituceso) sen-defekta o koruptita (partikulare da morbo). V. exp.: Lo sana ne povas nocar; lo salubra reale bonfacas; lo salutara salvas de danjero, malajo. La ri-sanigeyo devas esar en salubra loko ube la kuracati povas recevar salubra (E. wholesome) manjaji e salutara remediili kande malada; kp. salubra. — EFIS
  • sanatori-o sanatorium. — DEFIRS
  • sancion-ar (tr.) to sanction: give validity to. Ex.: Sancionar lego. Ica vorto ne havas la sanciono di kustumo. — DEFIRS
  • sandal-o sandal: kind of shoe. — DEFIRS
  • sandarak-o sandarac(-gum) (Callitris quadrivalvis). — DEFIS
  • San-Domingo San Domingo.
  • sandwich-o sandwich. Def.: Loncho dina de shinko, edc. inter du pan-lonchi dina, di qua la facio qua kontraktas kun la shinko es normale butrizita. — DEFS
  • sang-o blood; -ala: relating to b.: -oza: sanguinary: bloody, blood-stained; -ea: blood-colo(u)red; -atra: b.-like; -ifar: to bleed; -o-tir-ar: (tr.) to bleed (ulu); -o-sputar: to spit b.; -plena: full-blooded; -am-anta, -o-durst-anta: (fig.) bloodthirsty; -ifar de la nazo: to have nose bleed; -ifo, -o-formaco: sanguification; -ek-fluo: hemorrhage; sen- -a: bloodless. — EFIS
  • San-Gall Saint Gall.
  • sanguin-a (of temperament) sanguine; -(ul)o: a s. person. — DEFIRS
  • sanguisug-o (worm) leech (Hirudo medicinalis); (fig.) bloodsucker, extortioner. — FIS
  • sani-o (med.) sanies. Def.: Materio sangoza e fetida, qua fluas de ula ulceri. — DEFIS
  • San-Marino San Marino.
  • San-Salvador San Salvador.
  • sanskrit-a (linguo) (la) Sanscrit. — DEFIRS
  • sant-a holy, saintly; (of titles) saint; (cf. sakra); -(ul)o: a saint; -eso: holiness, sanctity, saintliness, saintship; -igar: to sanctify, make holy; -igo: sanctification; -eyo: a holy place; Santa Spirito: Holy Ghost; Santa Paulo: Saint Paul; Sant-Helena: St. Helena (island); santa patro: holy father; santa tribunalo: holy office (Inquisition); santa semano: holy week; santa vivo: a holy life; sant-aqu-uyo: holy-water basin, font. — DEFIS
  • santal-o sandalwood. — DEFR
  • San-Thome San Thomas (island).
  • santolin-o (bot.) lavender-cotton ground-cypress (Santolina). — FISL
  • santuari-o sanctuary: that part of a church where the altar is placed; chancel; altar; (Jewish) holy of holies. (fig.) asylum, sacred refuge. Def.: Parto di kirko, di templo interdiktata a la profani. — DEFIS
  • sap-ar (tr., lit. and fig.) to sap, undermine; -(ad)o, -uro: undermining, (milit.) sap(ping); -isto: (milit.) sapper. Ex.: Sapar la fundamenti di bastiono, di edifico. (fig.) Ta sistemo sapas la fundamenti di la Kristana religio. — DEFIRS
  • sapaju-o (zool.) sapajou (monkey) (genus: Cebus). — DEFIR
  • sapon-o soap; -ala, -oza, -atra; soapy, saponaceous; -agar, -izar: to use s., put s. on, lather; -igar: (tr.), -ifar: (intr.) to saponify, make or produce soap; -if-erio: s.works; -bulo, -peco: a piece of soap. — EFIS
  • saponari-o (bot.) soapwort (genus: Saponaria). — FISL
  • saponin-o (chem.) saponin
  • saponit-o (min.) saponite.
  • sapor-ar (intr.) to have a certain flavo(u)r (taste) (cf. gustar, savurar); -o: flavo(u)r, taste: (fig.) zest; -oza: tasty; succulent, palatable; sen- -a: tasteless; (fig. of things) insipid, flat, vapid; posa- -o: after-taste. Ex.: La biro saporas bitre. Ta karno esas sen-sapora. Ca vino havas pikema saporo. (fig.) Lua poemo havas nula saporo. — FIS
  • saprofit-o (bot.) saprophyte.
  • sapt-o (of plants) sap. Def.: Suko quan la planti tiras ek la tero, e qua acensante en li nutras oli. — DE
  • saraband-o saraband. Def.: Anciena danso, origine Hispana. — DEFIRS
  • saracen-o (bot.) buckwheat (Polygonum fagopyrum). — FIS
  • sarcel-o (orni.) teal (-duck) (genus: Querquedula). — F
  • sardin-o (ich.) sardine (Sardinella pilchardus). — DEFIRS
  • Sardini-a Sardinia; -ano: Sardinian.
  • sardonik-a sardonic (laughter, etc.). — DEFIRS
  • sardonix-o (min.) sardonyx. — DEFIS
  • sargas-o sargass-o, -um, gulfweed (genus: Sargassum).
  • sarig-o (zool.) opossum (Didelphys virginiana). — FI
  • sark-o coffin, bier; -o-kapelo: mortuary chapel; -o-veturo: hearse. — DE
  • sarkasm-o sarcasm; -a, -atra, -ema: sarcastic; -em(ul)o: a sarcastic person. — DEFIRS
  • sarkl-ar (tr.) to weed (flowers, a garden); -uro: weeding (done); -aji: weeds cut down (cf. mala herbo); -ilo: a weeding instrument. — FI
  • sarkofag-o sarcophagus: stone coffin. — DEFIRS
  • sarkom-o (med.) sarcoma. — DEFIS
  • Sarmat-a Sarmatian; -o: a Sarmatian; -ia: Sarmatia.
  • sarment-o (bot.) sarmentum: a running stem (as the strawberry plant); -oza: sarmentose: having slender prostrate branches or runners. — EFIS
  • sarsaparel-o (bot.) sarsaparilla (genus: Smilax). — DEFIRS
  • sasafras-o sassafras. — DEFIRS
  • sat(e) (adv.) enough, sufficiently (de); -o: a sufficiency; me havas sata (od, sat multa; sato de; suficanta) pekunio: I have enough money; vu parolis sate: you have spoken enough; savar sat multe: to know enough; sat bone: good enough. V.exp.: Sat, suficante: Me manjis sat multa pano, ma ne suficante granda quanto por saturigar mea hungro. Ofte sat havas preske la signifiko di pasable, ma existas tamen kelka nuanco. ‘Homo, pasable granda, esas sat granda por esar vertuoza, ma ne suficante granda por atingar ula pomo pendanta de arboro.’ — L
  • Satan-o Satan; -ala, -atra: satanic. — DEFIRS
  • satelit-o (astron. and fig.) satellite. Ex.: La luno esas satelito di ica planeto. — DEFIRS
  • satin-o (fabric) satin; -atra pelo: a satin-like skin; -umar: to glaze: give to fabrics, paper, etc., a satin-like gloss; koton- -o: satinet. — DEFIR
  • satir-o satire; -ala, -atra, -ema: satirical; -e mokar: to satirize (ulo), lampoon (ulu). — DEFIRS
  • satirus-o (myth. and fig.) satyr. — DEFIRS
  • satisfac-ar (tr.) to satisfy: to answer, fulfill (expectation, promise), to discharge (an obligation); to make amends, atone for (an offense, sin); -o: fulfillment, satisfaction (given), amends; -anta: satisfactory: making amends. V.exp.: On adoptas satisfacar en la sequanta uzo: ‘satisfacar devo, obligo, kontrato, promiso, kondiciono’, ne en la senco di kontent-igar. — DEFIS
  • «satisfecit» certificate of satisfaction, of good conduct. Def.: Atesto-letreto donata (quale da skolestro a lua skolano).
  • satrap-o satrap; -io: (domain) satrapy. — DEFIRS
  • satur-ar (tr.) to fill completely; to satiate, glut, saturate, surfeit; (chem.) to unite or dilute until no more can be received. Ex.: Saturar acido. Saturar sua kuriozeso. La saturo-punto varias segun la tempuraturo. Saturita per manjajo, per aquo, per doloro. V.exp.: vid. saciar. — DEFIS
  • saturdi-o Saturday. — E
  • saturnal-i (lit. and fig.) Saturnalia. — DEFIRS
  • sauc-o (cook.) sauce; -uyo: s. holder, s. tureen; -izar: to put sauce on. — DEFIRS
  • sauri-o saurian; (cf. lacerto). — DEFIS
  • sav-ar (tr.) to know (by learning), to have a knowledge of; to be versed in; be aware of; to know how (to do); -igar: to cause (ulu) to know (ulo), to apprise, inform, instruct; -eskar: to become informed, apprised (pri); (-ad)o: knowing, learning; -ajo: knowledge: what is known; -ema: (of persons) desirous of learning, curious (cf. kurioza); -ar lektar e skribar: to know how to read and write; -ar plezar, facar: to know how to please, to make; -ar la intenci: to be sensible, be aware of the intentions. Ex.: Savar ulo, multo (pri). Me ne savas quon me devas dicar. Savar gramatiko, lingui, matematiko. V. exp. (1): Savar, konocar: Konocar esas havar l’ideo, la nociono pri ulu, ulo per sensi; savar esas pure mental ago. On konocas ulu per la nomo, la vizajo; on savas gramatiko. V. exp. (2): Sav-igar, informar, instruktar, avizar, notifikar, instruciono: Sav-igar esas la maxim generala vorto. Informar esas konocigar fakti; instruktar, konocigar teoriala o ciencala veraji; savizar donar ula praktikal informo, konsilo od impero; notifikar konocigar fakto per oficiala formo. Instruciono esas indiko di la metodo o maniero por uzar juste ed utile ula kozo, instrumento, kuracilo, e.c.. — FIS
  • savan-o savanna: treeless plain or meadow; U.S.: prarie. — DEFIS
  • Savoy-a Savoy; -ano: Savoyard.
  • savur-ar (tr.) to savo(u)r, relish (a dish); (fig.) to enjoy, delight in; -o: savo(u)r, relish. Def.: Gustar lente, kun atenco e plezuro. Ex.: Savurar ula vino, tasedo de kafeo. (fig.) Savurar ula plezuro, la honori. — EF
  • saxhorn-o (mus.) saxhorn. — DEF
  • saxifrag-o (bot.) saxifrage (genus: Saxifraga). — EFISL
  • saxofon-o (mus.) saxophone. — DEFIS
  • Saxon-a Saxon; -o: a Saxon; -ia: Saxony.
  • sbir-o sbirro: a former member of Italian Police.
  • se (conj.) if (followed frequently, but not necessarily by conditional); -ne: if not or else, otherwise; -nur: if only, provided that. Ex.: Se me povus, me venus. To esas importanta, se vera. Obediez; se ne, gardez! Me facos to, se nur il venos. — FIS
  • seb-o tallow or tallow-like substance, suet; (cf. stearino); -oza: tallowy; -if-anta: sebaceous; -o-glando: sebaceous gland; -grano, -pustulo: (med.) black pimple (on skin); okul- -o: eye mucus, -rheum. — EIS
  • secion-o (geom.) section (cf. segmento). V. exp.: Seciono signifikas la figuro (plana) obtenita ‘sekante’ objekto per plano (ex. la koniki esas konala secioni); kun ta senco ol uzesas tre ofte en geometrio e cetera matematika cienci. — DEFIRS
  • sed-o bottom, backside: hinder part or seat of body; (cf. gropo, rumpo, lumbo); -o-balno: sitz-bath. V. exp.: Sedo esas la ordinara vorto quan on uzas exemple en gimnastiko: ‘la sedo maxim posible adsupre!’ kulo povas semblar shokanta; gluteo esas anatomiala.
  • sedentari-a sedentary (life, profession). Def.: Qua restas konstante sidanta, pro mestiero; per extenso, la mestiero anke dicesas ‘sedentaria’. — DEFIS
  • sedici-ar (intr.) to (cause a) mutiny, to riot (cf. rebel-eskar, revoltar); populacho -oza: a riotous mob; -ema soldati: seditious (riotous) soldiers; -ema mento: seditious mind. Def.: Facar mikra revolto. — EFIS
  • sediment-o sediment, grounds, dregs, lees; -ala, -atra: sedimentary; -oza: feculent, turbid, muddy. — DEFIS
  • sedukt-ar (tr.) to seduce (chastity); to lead astray (from the path of rectitude, duty); to beguile, entice (cf. lurar, trompar, facinar, misduktar, koruptar, subornar); -o, -eso: seduction; -anta, -iva: enticing, seductive, captivating, engaging, winning; -anto, -ero: seducer (cf. atrakt-iva). Ex.: Seduktar puerino. La charmo di lua manieri seduktas me. — EFIS
  • sedum-o sedum. — EFIS
  • seg-ar (tr.) to (cut with a) saw: -ilo: a saw; -il-lamo: blade of a s.; trapar- -ar: to s. through (ulo); cirklo- -ilo: circular s.; rubando- -ilo: ribbon-, band-s.; -erio: sawmill; -isto: sawyer; -pulvero: sawdust. — DI
  • segl-o sail (of a ship); -aro: sails (of a ship); set of s.s.; -irar: to s.: go sailing before the wind; -o-navo: sailing vessel; -if-isto: sailmaker; hisar la -i: to set, make sails. — DE
  • segment-o section, segment; -igar: to segment: divide into sections; -ig-ado, -uro: segmentation; cirklo-segmento: segment of a circle; (cf. seciono). V. exp.: Segmento signifikas ula determinita parto di objekto longa, lineatra, quan on ‘sekas’ o dividas segun lua longeso: segmento di voyo, di fervoyo (ex. inter du stacioni), di rivero, di kanalo (inter du sluzi), di filo telegrafala (inter du stacioni o posteni). — DEFIRS
  • segregac-ar (tr.) to segregate. — DEFIS
  • segun (prep.) according to, agreeably to, in conformity with; pursuant to, after; segun ke: (conj.) according to whether; -quante: as far as, in so far; -vola: optional; -vole: at will. Ex.: Segun vua deskripto, vua rekomendo, mea opiniono. Traktar ulu segun lua merito. Evangelio segun St. Johano. Ni diskutos to, nur segun quante ol povas kontributar a nia projeto. Segun ke vu esos richo o mizeroza, la homi judikos vu kom bona o kom mala. — IS
  • seid-o fanatical partisan, zealot. Def.: Fanatiko volunte kriminas pro religiala zelo, e.c. — DFIS
  • sejorn-ar (intr.) sojourn, remain for some time at a place (cf. restar). — EF
  • sek-ar (tr.) to make a surface cut in; cut partially through; divide into sections; -uro: (surg.) section; -anto: (geom.) secant; -vund-uro: gash, cut, slash. V. exp.: vid. tranchar. — EFIS
  • sekal-o (bot.) rye (Secale cereale); -grano: a grain of rye; -pano: rye-bread. — FIL
  • sekin-o (coin) sequin. — DEFIRS
  • sekond-ar (tr.) to second, back (up) support (a motion, proposition); -anto: seconder, backer. — DEFIR
  • sekrec-ar (tr., biol.) to secrete; -(ad)o: -uro: secretion; -anta, -ala: secreting, secretory. — DEFIS
  • sekret-a secret, not made known, not revealed, clandestine (cf. cel-ita, privata); -ajo: a secret (cf. misterio); -eso: secrecy; -e: secretly, in secret. V.exp.: vid. arkana. — DEFIRS
  • sekretari-o (person) secretary. — DEFIRS
  • sekretariat-o secretariat — DEFIS
  • sekt-o sect; -ano: member of a s., sectarian. — DEFIRS
  • sektor-o (geom., milit.) sector. — DEFIRS
  • sekular-a secular, worldly; (cf. laika); -(ul)o: a secular priest (not a regular); -a klerikaro: secular clergy: clergy not bound by monastic vows; -igar: to secularize. — DEFIRS
  • sekund-o second: 60th of a minute of time or of an arc. — DEFIRS
  • sekundara secondary: indicates relationship as used in geology, electricity, public school, medicine, etc., compared with primara, terciara; (cf. acesora: duesma-grada; min grava). — DEFIS
  • sekur-a safe, secure: out of danger, without danger; -eso: safety, security; -esar: to be s., -igar: to make safe, secure (cf. cert-igar); -es-polico: detective police; -es-valvo: valve; Ex.: Pozar ulo en sekura loko. Voyajar sekure (od, en sekureso). Sekurigar sua havajo. — EFIS
  • sel-o saddle; -eto, -kusen-eto: s.-pad (as for cart-horse); -izar: to s., -if-erio: saddlery (where saddles are made; cf. harnes-if-erio); -kavalo: s.-horse; hom-in-selo: side-s., lady’s s.; -arko: s. bow; sen-sel-igar: to unsaddle. — FIS
  • selakt-o whey. — L
  • selekt-ar (tr.) to select, choose, pick out (cf. elektar, preferar, asortar); -o: selection, option; -ajo: what is chosen, choice. Ex.: Selektar sua amiki. Selektar la maxim bona cerizi. Naturala selektado. — DEFRS
  • seleni-o (chem.) selenium. — DEFIRS
  • selenografi-o selenography. — DEFIRS
  • «selfmademan» self-made man.
  • sem-ar (tr., lit. and fig.) to sow, strew, scatter (seed for growth); -ajo: what is sown; seed. — FIRS
  • semafor-o semaphore. — DEFIRS
  • seman-o week; omna- -e, singla- -e: every w., each w., weekly; ca- -e: this week; santa -o: Holy Week; mi- -a: twice a w., every half w.; du- -a: bi-weekly, every two weeks. — FIS
  • semantik-o semantics, semasiology. Def.: Cienco di la signifiki (di vorti), di lia evoluciono (parto di la linguistiko). — DEFIRS
  • sembl-ar (intr.) to seem, appear (to be), look (like) (cf. aspektar, simular); -o: appearance, semblance, external aspect, outward show; -anta: seeming; -o falsa: false show, pretence; -ante: apparently (cf. kred-ebla). Ex.: Ca vino semblas a me esar mala. Il semblas dormar. Semblo di amikeso. — EFI
  • semestr-o semester: six months period (of study) (cf. trimestro). — DEFIRS
  • Sem-ido Semite; -id-ala: Semitic. — DEFRS
  • seminar-o seminar. — DEFIRS
  • seminari-o (ecclesiastical) seminary; -ano: seminarist, theological student. — DEFIRS
  • semin-o, -i seed (cf. spermo, grano); -izar: to sow (a field, etc.).
  • semiotik-o semiotics. — DEFIRS
  • semol-o semolina. — EFIS
  • semperviv-o (bot.) houseleek (Sempervivum [tectorum]). — L
  • sempr-e (adv.) always (cf. perpetue, sen-cese); por sempre: for ever, evermore; -a: perpetual. Ex.: On ne esas sempre felica. Matine me levas me sempre tre frue. — IS
  • sen (prep.) without, not with, free from: indicates absence, privation, exclusion, destitution; (Note: Sen is often compounded with verbs in place of des-, ne- to signify deprivation, absence: des-esperar: to despair; sen-esper-igar: to deprive (ulu) of hope; ne-esperanta: unhopeful; sen-espera: hopeless. Note that in the adjective form the suffix -a is used, not -ala, -oza, etc. sen-esper-a, not sen-esper-oza, sen-viva korpo: a lifeless body; sen-falio: without fail, unfailingly; sen to: without that, otherwise; sen ke: (conj.) without (that), unless: me ne povas parolar, sen ke il inter-ruptas me: I cannot speak without his interrupting me. Ant.: kun. — FIS
  • senat-o senate; -ano: senator; -ala, -an-ala: senatorial. — DEFIRS
  • senatuskonsult-o senatys-consultum: decree of the (Roman) senate.
  • sen-bracho (lit.: person without breeches) (French hist.) sans-culotte.
  • senc-o sense, meaning; du-senc-eso, -ajo: double meaning; plur-senca vorto: a word with various significations; ne-justa senco: improper sense; sen-senca: senseless; sen-senc-ajo: a senseless thing or act; nonsense. V.exp.: Senco, signifiko: La senco di ula vorto konsistas en la diversa idei, quin ol expresas od implikas; lua signifiko konsistas en la diversa objekti, a qui ol esas aplikebla. Ex.: La vorti ‘Blanka Monto’ havas senco aplikebla a omna blanka monti; ma lua signifiko restriktesas ad un monto. Simile la Glacial Oceano, la Nigra e la Reda Maro, e.c. La vorti ‘la maxim granda de la nombri’ havas senco komprenebla e mem klara, ma korespondas a nula objekto; ol ‘signifikas nulo;’ — EFIS
  • sen-ceremoni-a unceremonious; -eso: bluntness, off-handedness.
  • sen-ces-a continual, incessant: constantly renewed or recurring (cf. kontinua).
  • send-ar (tr.) to send: cause to go, dispatch, forward; -ajo: what is sent; parcel (of goods); -ato: person sent; messenger, emissary; -ato diplomac-ala: envoy.
  • sen-defekt-a faultless.
  • sen-domaj-a undamaged, intact, in good condition (cf. ne-tush-ita, ne-lez-ita).
  • sen-dubit-a, -e undoubted(ly), assuredly (cf. certe).
  • seneci-o (bot.) groundsel (genus: Senecio). — FL
  • Senegal Senegal; -ano: Senegalese.
  • seneshal-o (title) seneschal. — DEFIRS
  • sen-flor-eskar to lose, shed its blossom.
  • sen-har-a (of persons) bald: completely without hair; (cf. kalva).
  • sen-harnes-igar (= des-harnes-izar): to unharness.
  • sen-hered-ant-eso (jur.) escheat: failure of heritable heirs by which property reverts to the State.
  • sen-honor-a unhono(u)red: without hono(u)r: -igar: to dishono(u)r, deprive (ulu) of hono(u)r.
  • senil-a (med.) senile; -eso: senility. — DEFIS
  • sen-intenc-e unintentionally.
  • senior-a; -o, -ulo, -ino senior, elder, eldest; -eso: seniority, eldership; -yuro: birthright; (jur.) primogeniture. — DEF
  • sen-jen-a unconstrained; free and easy.
  • sen-kap-a headless, acephalus; -igar: to lop the head from, decapitate.
  • sen-karn-igar to strip the meat from.
  • sen-kern-igar to stone (peaches, etc.); to core (apples, etc.).
  • sen-kortic-igar to peel, strip (of its bark).
  • sen-kulp-a guiltless, faultless (cf. inocenta).
  • sen-kuraj-a timid; -igar: to dishearten, discourage, demoralize.
  • sen-makul-a unblemished, unspotted, spotless, immaculate.
  • sen-mobl-igar to strip of furniture; -ig-ita: unfurnished.
  • sen-mov-a motionless.
  • «senna» (bot., pharm.) senna.
  • sen-pag-a gratuitous (cf. gratuita); -e: gratis, free of charge.
  • sen-partis-a impartial; -eso: impartiality.
  • sen-pel-igar (tr.) to flay, skin (cf. exkoriar).
  • sen-pen-a, -e without difficulty.
  • sen-pil-igar to depilate, remove the hair, the bristles from; -eskar: to lose (shed) the hair (of animals); -ig-iva, -ivo: depilatory.
  • sen-plum-igar to pluck feathers from.
  • sen-polv-igar to dust; -ig-ilo: duster (cf. plum-fasko).
  • sen-pudor-a immodest, wanton: without (womanly) modesty; -ajo: immodest act (cf. sordid-ajo, laciv-ajo).
  • sen-reflekt-a thoughtless, heedless, giddy.
  • sen-religi-a irreligious (cf. kontre-religia; des-pia).
  • sens-o sense: one of the five physical senses or faculties; -ala: (physiol.) sensorial, sensory; -ala plezuri: pleasures of the senses; -al-ismo: (philos.) sensualism: sensationalism, the doctrine that all knowledge originates in sensation (cf. sensual-ismo). — DEFIRS
  • sensacion-o sensation: excited interest or feeling (cf. sento); -ala: sensational (cf. impres-anta, -iva). Ex.: Ula novaji ofte produktas sensaciono. Sensacionala jurnali, libri. — DEFIS
  • sen-senc-a senseless, meaningless; -ajo: nonsense.
  • sen-shel-igar to shell, peel, hull, husk.
  • sensitiv-o (bot.) sensitive plant.
  • sen-sorg-a careless.
  • sensual-a sensual: devoted to the gratification of the senses; voluptuous; -(ul)o, -isto: s. person; sensualist; -ismo: sensualism: sensuality (cf. sens-al-ismo). Def.: Devota a sensala plezuri; agreabla a la sensi. — EFIS
  • sen-suci-a free from care or concern.
  • sent-ar (tr.) to feel (a sensation) (cf. konciar, perceptar, flarar, odorar, saporar); -(ad)o: feeling, sensation; -ebla: sensible: which is felt; -eble: sensibly: perceptibly; -iva, -ema: sensitive, impressionable, susceptible; -iveso, -emeso: sensitiveness, sensibility, susceptibility; -eyo, sento-centro: sensorium, place of sensation; -iv-igar: to make sensitive; me sentas me varma (od, kom varma): I feel warm. Ex.: Sentar koldeso, hungro, dursto, doloro. — EFIS
  • sen-tar-e, -a net (weight).
  • sentenc-o sentence: maxim: short saying containing an axiom, saw (cf. proverbo). (N.B. This is not the E. grammatical ‘sentence’ cf. frazo); -ema, -atra: sententious, terse, pithy. Ex.: Sentenco da Seneca. Stilo, maniero sentencala. — DEFIRS
  • sen-tim-a fearless, without dread.
  • sentiment-o sentiment, mental feeling, emotion (opp. to physical sensation), -ala: (of things) sentimental; -ema; -emo: sentimental (person); -em-eso: sentimentality. Ex.: La sentimento di lo bela. Me havas nula sentimento ecepte la tristeso. Sentimento di odio. Sentimentala tono, diskurso. Yunino sentimentema. — EFIRS
  • sentinel-o (milit.) sentinel, sentry; -esar: to be on s. watch (cf. facionar); -igar: to post (ulu) as a s. — EFIS
  • sen-valor-a worthless; -igar: to render worthless; (of money) to demonetize.
  • sen-viv-a lifeless.
  • sen-voc-a (in phonetics) surd, mute.
  • sep seven; -esma: seventh; -imo: one-seventh; -yara: septennial; -a-dek: seventy; -a-dek-yar-a, -(ul)o: septuagenar-y, -ian; (for other derivative forms, cf. du). — DEFIS
  • sepal-o (bot.) sepal. — EFIS
  • separ-ar (tr.) to separate, part, divide, (ulo, de ulo); (su) to secede, withdraw; -o, -eso: separation, severing, partition; secession; -ilo: anything which separates: a partition; -ajo: that which is separated, a s. part; -anta, -iva: separating, seceding, separative: -ate: separately; -anto, -emo: secessionist, separatist; -ebla: separable; -o-lineo: line of demarcation. Ex.: Separar la kapo de la korpo. Ta rivero separas ca du provinci. Separar su de ula societo. Lia diversa interesti separas li. Ni judikos separate la du kozi. — DEFIRS
  • sepi-o (ich.) sepia, cuttlefish (genus: Sepia); -ajo: sepia (pigment); -desegn-o, -uro: s. drawing. — DEFIRS
  • sept-a (med.) septic: causing putrifaction; -eso: sepsis. — DEFIRS
  • septembr-o September. — DEFIRS
  • septet-o (mus.) septet (voices or instruments). — DEFRS
  • septicemi-o septicaemia, blood poisoning. — DEFIS
  • septilion-o septillion.
  • septim-o (mus.) seventh chord.
  • septua- septi-, seven-. Used in scientific terms.
  • sepult-ar (tr.) to entomb, bury (a dead body) (cf. en-ter-igar); -eskar: to prepare for burial, lay out (a body); -o, -uro: sepulture, burial (cf. tombo); -eyo: place of burial; -o-tuko: shroud, winding sheet. — EFIS
  • sequ-ar (tr.) to follow, go or come after, go next, to be or come next; -o: sequence, continuation; -anto: a follower; -anta: next, subsequent; -ant-aro: retinue, train, attendants, suite; -ant-ajo: sequel, continuation: that which follows; -ante: in pursuance, in conformity; -e: then, (here)after; -inda: worth following; -enda: which must be followed. Ex.: Il marchis adavane e la altri sequis il. Sequar ulu per la okulo. Sequar voyo, metodo. La sequantaro venis dop (od, sequante) il. Sequo di lud-karti. Il remarkis sua eroro erste ye la sequante matino. Exemplo sequinda. Voyo sequenda. — EFIS
  • sequenci-o (R.C. liturgy) sequence: a certain hymn sung during mass.
  • sequestr-ar (tr., jur.) to sequester; -(ad)o, -eso: sequestration; -ajo: what is sequestered. Ex.: Sequestrar la havajo di ulu. — DEFIRS
  • sequoy-o (bot.) sequoia: red-wood tree (Sequoia gigantea; Sequoia sempervirens). — EF
  • ser-o (physiol.) serum: thin, transparent part of blood (cf. serumo); -oza: serous: (fig.) watery; lakto- -o: whey: thin part of milk (cf. selakto). — DEFIRS
  • seraf-o seraph; -i: seraphim; -ala: seraphic. — DEFIS
  • seray-o seraglio. — DEFIRS
  • serbatan-o air-cane; pea-shooter. Def.: Longa tubo uzata por lansar, per suflado, mikra projektili. — FIS
  • Serbi-a Serbia; -ano: Serbian.
  • serch-ar (tr.) to seek, look for, search for, be in quest of; -(ad)o: search(ing); -anto, -ero,-emo: seeker, searcher; tra- -ar: to s. through, to rummage. Ex.: Serchar oro. Serchar vorto en vorto-libro. Serchar lojeyo. Il serchas oportunajo por ganar la pekunio. — EFI
  • seren-a (phys., mental) serene, placid; -eso: serenity. Ex.: Mieno, fronto, tempo serena. — EFIS
  • serenad-o serenade; -ar, donar -o: to serenade (ulu). — DEFIRS
  • «serenissimus» (title) His Serene Highness.
  • serf-o, -ulo, -ino serfdom. — EFIS
  • seri-o series, row, file; continued succession, order or course (cf. inter-sequo, sucedo); -e: in s., in rows. Ex.: Serio di personi, di objekti, di questioni, di soni. — DEFIRS
  • serin-o (orni.) serin: canary (-finch) (Serinus hortulanus). — EF
  • sering-o (bot.) syringa (genus: Philadelphus). — EFIS
  • serioz-a serious, sedate, grave; not lively or amusing; -(ul)o: a s. person; -eso: seriousness. Ex.: Serioza karaktero, konverso, morbo. Parolar serioze. Konsiderar ulu, ulo kom serioza. V. exp.: vid. grava. Ant.: vivaca, gaya, amuz-anta, rid-ig-anta, komika, jokema. — EFIRS
  • serj-o (fabric) serge. — DEF
  • serjent-o sergeant. — DEFIRS
  • seron-o (com.) seroon: a bale of tea, indigo, etc. wrapped in hide. — DEFIS
  • serp-o bill-hook, pruning-bill; -eto: pruning-, garden-knife. Def.: Speco di kultelo larja kun pinto kurvigita (en la sama plano), qua servas por taliar la arbori, tranchar la branchi. — F
  • serpent-o serpent, snake; -ala: relating to s.; -atra, -o-forma: serpentine; -o-fuzeo: Pharaoh’s serpent: a species of fireworks; -o-korno: serpent: a former musical instrument; -o-tubo: a winding tube. — DEFIS
  • serpentin-o (min.) serpentine. — DEFIS
  • serpol-o (bot.) serpolet: wild thyme (Thymus Serpillum). — EFIS
  • serum-o (medicinal, artificial) serum (cf. sero); -kuraco: s. therapy. — DEFIS
  • serur-o lock; -(if)isto: locksmith; -hoko: l. catch; resort- -o: spring l.; sekur-es- -o: safety l. Ex.: Klef-agar la seruro do pordo. — FIS
  • serv-ar (tr., intr.) to be of service to, to serve (as an assistant or domestic); to be in the service (of), to serve (customers), to tend (a machine); -(ad)o: serving, service (cf. servico); -anto, -isto: servant, servitor; -ist-ino: maid servant; -ist-aro: (collect.) domestics, servants; -ema: obliging, willing to serve; -em-eso: obligingness; -o tablo: serving table; vua -anto: (polite phrase) your servant; -achar: to dance attendance on (ulu), -em-acha: servile. Ex.: Servar ulu. Esar servisto di ulu. Facar servo ad ulu. Me esas pronta servar vu. Administrala servado. Servar ulu kom sekretario. Servar kliento, mashino. — DEFIS
  • serval-o (zool.) serval: African wildcat (Felis serval). — DEFRS
  • servic-o (table dishes) service; -o kristala, arjenta, porcelana: crystal, silver, china service (cf. disho). — DEFIRS
  • servitud-o (jur.) servitude: liability of property to rights of other persons, as a right of way over it. Def.: Obligo pri domeno relate altra domeno.
  • sesg-ar (tr.) to cut (ulo) in the form of a crescent; (of dresses) to cut low; (cf. dekoltar). Ex.: Sesgar korsajo. — S
  • sesion-o session, sittings (of a deliberative body, as a court, legislature, etc.). V. exp.: Duro dum qua deliberanta korporaciono kunsidas kontinue. To ne esas kunsido, qua indikas la duro di singla kunveno. — DEFIRS
  • seton-o (surg., vet.) seton. — EFI
  • sever-a severe, hard, stern, harsh, strict (cf. austera); -eso, -ajo: (quality, act) severity; (of weather) inclemency. Def.: Rigoroza; ne-indulgema. Ex.: Severa judiciisto, lego, morbo, klimato. Ant.: indulgema. — EFIS
  • sexa- sexi-, six-. Used in scientific terms.
  • sexagesim-o (rel.) Sexagesima (Sunday).
  • sext-o (mus.) sixth: an interval of six diatonic degrees. — DEFIRS
  • sextant-o sextant. — DEFIRS
  • sextet-o (mus.) sextet. — DEFIRS
  • sextik-o (math.) sextic. — DEFIRS
  • sextilion-o sextillion.
  • sexu-o sex; -ala: sexual; -al-eso: sexuality: state of being distinguished by s.; sen- -a: sexless. Ex.: La sexuo maskala, femina. Personi di la du sexui. Sexuala diferi, orgami. — DEFIRS
  • sezam-o (bot.) sesame (Sesamum). — DEFIRS
  • sezon-o season (of the year; cf. okaziono, oportun-ajo); -ala: seasonable (weather, etc.); -lugumi: vegetables in s.; pluv- -o: rainy s.; stagno- -o: dull, dead s.; posa -o: latter part of the s. — DEFR
  • sfacel-o (med.) sphacelus: gangrene.
  • sfenoid-o (geom., anat.) sphenoid(al); -o, -osto: s. bone).
  • sfer-o (geom.) sphere, globe; -a, -ala, -atra: spherical. V. exp.: vid. balono. — DEFIS
  • sferoid-o (geom.) spheroid. — DEFIS
  • sferometr-o spherometer. — DEFIRS
  • sfinter-o (anat.) sphincter (muscle). — DEFIS
  • sfinx-o (also fig.) sphinx. — DEFIRS
  • «sha» (title) shah.
  • shablon-o pattern (cf. modelo); (fig.) routine (cf. rutino). Def.: Plana figuro, qua indikas la konturi sugun qui on devas taliar stofo; anke utila metafore (por expresar sklavatra kopiado). — DR
  • shabrak-o shabrak: ornamented saddle cloth, caparison. Def.: Tegilo ornita di kavalo. — DEFRS
  • shaft-o shaft, staff: long handle, as of a lance; stock (of a gun); shank (of a tool); (cf. shakto). — DE
  • shagrin-o shagreen (leather). — DEFI
  • shak-o chessman; -ludo: chess (the game); -ludar: to play c.; -planko: chess board; -ar: to give a check (to the king). V. exp.: Por la shako-ludo on adoptas: damo, episkopo, kavalo, turmo, e la expresuri: soldati, oficeri, roquar, shakar la rejo; for other descriptive terms. — DFIRS
  • shakal-o (zool.) jackal (Canis aureus). — DEFIRS
  • shakt-o shaft, pit (of a mine or quarry). — DE
  • shal-o shawl. — DEFIRS
  • shalm-o pipe or tube of straw, reed, glass, or metal (as used for sucking up liquids); (chemist’s) blowpipe; shawm: an acient reed instrument; shepherd’s pipe; (bot.) hollow sterm (of a plant). — DEF
  • shalot-o (bot.) shallot: an onion-like plant (Allium ascalonicum). — DEFRS
  • shalup-o (sailing-) launch, long boat or cutter propelled by sails or oars; shallop; vapor- -o: steam launch. — DEFIRS
  • sham-ar (intr.) to be ashamed (pri ulo); -igar: to s. (ulu), to make (ulu) feel ashamed, to humiliate, mortify; (cf. pudoro); -o: shame, disgrace; -inda, -ig-anta: shameful, disgraceful, foul, dirty (word, act); -ind-ajo: act of vileness; -ind-eso: turpitude, baseness, vileness, shamefulness; sen- -a: shameless; sen- -eso: shamelessness, effrontery. Def.: Shamo: perturbo di la koncienco, igita da deshonoro, ridindajo, e.c. Ex.: Il devos balde shamar pri sua mala agado. Vua diligenteso shamigas me. Il esas shamoza pri sua ofenso. Shaminda (od, sham-iganta) konduto, vorti, agi. — DEF
  • shamot-o fire-clay. — D
  • shampun-ar (tr.) to shampoo. — DEF
  • shancel-ar (intr.) to stagger, totter, waver, reel, be unstready, shake; -igar: to cause something to totter; (fig.) to shake (an opinion, decision, etc.); -o: reeling, tottering. — F
  • shapk-o fur cap. Def.: Furizita kap-vesto. — R
  • sharad-o charade. — DEFIRS
  • shark-o (ich.) shark. V. exp.: Sharko esas la nomo vulgara di Squalus carcharius; squalo esas la nomo di la genero Squalus. — E
  • sharlatan-o charlatan, quack-doctor, mountebank; -eso: charlatanism, quackery. Def.: Venderacho di drogi, dent-extirpero, e.c. en publika loki; (fig.) ne-savanta mediko qua explotas la publiko. — DEFIRS
  • sharp-o scarf (for shoulders); sash (as insignia or ornament); (surg.) sling; (cf. zono); havar la brakio en -o: to have the arm in a sling; dentala -o: lace scarf. — DFIR
  • sharpi-o (surg.) lint. — DFR
  • sheik-o sheik. Def.: Chefo di Araba tribuo. — DEFIRS
  • shekl-o (tech.) shackle. Def.: Masho di kateno qua havas altra formo kam la cetera mashi e servas por specala skopo (fixigo di la hoko, di siteli en dragilo, e.c.). — DE
  • shel-o shell, peel, rind, hull: hard outer case of eggs, nuts, etc.; (cf. skalio, bruo); ovo- -o: egg-shell; sen-shel-a pizi: shelled peas; sen-shel-igar: to shell, peel: onyon-shelo: onion skin. — DER
  • shibr-o (tech.) slide-valve (in steam engine); sluice-gate (for water). Def.: Valvo-pordo qua agas glitante en sua plano tale ke ol obstruktas (parte o tote) vaporo en la vapor-mashino, aqua en kanalo, tubo, e.c. — D
  • shifon-o rag: piece of cloth torn off (cf. rago); scrap (of paper, etc.); -isto: rag-picker; -uyo: rag-, scrap-holder. — EFIR
  • shikan-ar (intr.) to chicane: to pettifog, quibble, prolong a contest by shifts, subterfuges; (tr.) to quibble over something or with somebody about something; to wrangle (without motive); -o, -em-eso: chicanery, sharp practice, pettifogging, quibbling. — DEF
  • shild-o shield, buckler (defensive armo(u)r) (cf. skudo). — DE
  • shindol-o (wooden-) shingle; (cf. tegulo). — DFS
  • shink-o ham: thigh of a hog prepared for food; -eto: small h.; knuckle of h. — D
  • shirm-ar (tr.) to shelter, shield, screen: -ar su: to take shelter; -anta, -iva: sheltering; -ilo, -ivo: shelter, cover; (fig.) refuge; -tekto: penthouse, lean-to (cf. hangaro). Ex.: Parasuno shirmas el. Shirmata da la foliaro kontre la vento e suno. — D
  • «shirting» (com.) shirting: cloth suitable for making shirts.
  • shok-ar (tr., intr.) to shock: (physical) to strike on or against, dash against; give a shock to, clash with; (mental) to offend, be offensive to; (cf. kolizionar); -o: shock, clashing, concussion; -anta: shocking, clashing; -ar glasi: to hobnob; touch glasses; retro- -o: counter-shock, -blow; shoko-pulsar: (tr.) to hustle, jostle (ulu). Ex.: La navo shokas rifo. Du inter-shokanta korpi produktas sono. Nulo quon vu dicas povas shokar me. La shoko renversis il. Vorto, konduto shokanta. — DEFS
  • shov-ar (tr.) to shove or push (ulu, ulo) along; (cf. pulsar, glitar). Ex.: Shovar ulu sur glacio. Shovar su tra turbo. Shovar botelo sur tablo, batelo al aquo. — DE
  • shovel-o shovel; -agar: (tr.) to s.; -edo: shovelful. — DE
  • shovin-ismo chauvinism; jingoism; -ista, -isto: chauvinist(ic); jingo(istic). — DEF
  • shrapnel-o shrapnel. — DEFR
  • shu-o (low-) shoe for the human feet); -o alta: high s. (which extends above tha ankles; cf. bot-eto); -talono: heel of a s.; -reparar: to cobble; -if-erio: manufactory; -vend-eyo: s.-selling shop; -met-ilo: s.-horn; -form-iz-ilo: s.-tree; sen-shu-igar: to pull off shoes; shu-net-ig-isto: s.-cleaner, -black. V. exp.: Shuo ne esas boto: shuo esas basa pedvesto, sub la maleoli. — DE
  • shultr-o shoulder; -i larja: broad s.s; -o-pozar (fusilo): to shoulder (a gun); -o-pulsar, -shovar: to push or shove with the s.s.; levar la -i: lift, shrug the s.s; -o-peco: s.piece (cf. epoleto). — DE
  • shunt-o (elec.) shunt. — DEFIRS
  • shutr-o blind, shutter (as for window); -o fald-ebla: folding s. — E
  • si (mus.) si: seventh note of diatonic scale.
  • Siam Siam; -ano: Siamese.
  • sibarit-a sybaritic. — DEFIRS
  • Siberi-a Siberia; -ano: Siberian.
  • sibil-o sibyl; -ala, -atra: sibylline. — DEFIRS
  • Sicili-a Sicily; -ano: Sicilian.
  • sid-ar (intr.) to sit , be seated (of persons, assemblies, courts); (fig.) to lie, reside (of things); -igar: to seat (ulu); -eskar: to take one’s seat, sit down; -ilo: (furniture) seat; bi-sid-ilo: seat for two persons; -eyo: place where one sits; seat, bench (as of a court); see (of a bishop); (fig.) residence; santa eyo: Holy See; -o-balno: hip-bath; -o-posturo: manner of sitting; kunsidar: to sit together, meet (of several persons). Ex.: Me sideskas an la tablo. Me sidigas gasti an mea tablo, pose me sideskas. La korto di kasaco sidas en Paris. Paris esas la sideyo di la guvernerio. (fig.) La sideyo di morbo. — DEIR
  • siej-ar (tr.) to besiege, lay s. to, invest (ulu, ulo); -o-stando: condition of s.; cesar la -o: to raise the s. — EFIS
  • Siena-tero (earth, pigment) (terra) sienna.
  • Sierra Leone Sierra Leone.
  • siest-ar (intr.) to have a nap; -o: siesta, midday or afternoon nap. — DEFIS
  • sifilis-o (med.) syphilis; -ala: syphilitic: relating to s.; -ika, -iko: syphilitic (person). — DEFIRS
  • sifl-ar (tr., intr.) to whistle: make a shrill sound ordinarily musical; (fig., med.) to wheeze; to whiz; -ilo: a whistle; -anto, -ero: a whistler, one who whistles. Def.: Facar la sono (ordinare) muzikala, kun alteso definita, quan produktas sifl-ilo, t.e. orgen-tubo kurta e konseque akuta, o la sifilo di lokomotivo. Ex.: Siflar a hundo. Siflar ario. La respirado di asmatiko siflas. (fig.) La vento, flecho, paf-kuglo (ulfoye) siflas. V. exp.: vid. sisar. — F
  • sifon-o siphon; -agar: to s. — DEFIRS
  • sigar-o cigar; -eto: cigarette; -if-isto: c. maker; -uyo: c. holder; -tranch-ilo: c. cutter. — DEFIRS
  • sigilari-o sigillaria: a genus of fossil trees. — DEFIRS
  • sigl-ar (tr.) to seal, affix a s., as a mark of authenticity, to a document, letter, bottle, etc.; (fig.) to seal up: close for security, as a closing a letter by means of gum or wafer; (cf. masonar); -(ad)o: (act) sealing; -uro: (imprint) seal; -ilo: (instr.) seal; -anto, -isto: sealer: -o-vaxo: sealing wax; -o-ringo: signet ring. — DIS
  • sign-o (natural or artificial) sign, mark (cf. indik-ajo, indico); -izar: to put a s. on (ulo, ulu); -ifar: to make signs; tempo- -o: sign of the times; facar kruco- -o: to make the s. of the cross; kruco-sign-izar su: to cross oneself; puntizo- -o: s. of punctuation; kapo- -o: nod or shake of the head; zodiak-ala -o: s. of the zodiac. Ex.: Vorti esas signi di idei. Muti parolas (od, signalifas) per signi. Signi aparis en la cielo. — EFIS
  • signal-ar (tr.) to signal: convey (ulo) by s.; -izar: to hoist signals on (a mast,etc.), to cover with signals; to write or put a s. (on a tree, etc.); -ifar: to make signals. — DEFIRS
  • signat-ar (tr.) to sign, subscribe (one’s name), put signature to (cf. sub-skribar); -o: signing (by name); -uro: signature; -uro blanka: signature in blank; -ajo: what is signed, the document; stereotipa (od klish-ita) -uro: stamped facsimile of a signature. Def.: Skribar sua nomo por certigar od autentikigar dokumento. — DEFIS
  • signifik-ar (tr.) to signify, mean; -o: signification, meaning; -anta, -iva: significant, significative; sen- -a: insignificant (cf. sen-valora, ne-import-anta). Ex.: Quon signifikas ta vorto? Bona defini establisas la signifiki di la vorti. V. exp.: vid. senco. — EFIS
  • sik-a dry, dried: free from moisture; -eso: dryness, drought: -igar, -eskar: to dry (up), desiccate; -ig-iva: desiccative, siccative, drying. Ant.: humida. — EFIRS
  • siki-o sickle. Def.: ‘Falchileto’, t.e. longa streta lameno kun mi-cirklatra formo, quan on uzas (od uzis) por tranchar ex. la frumento. — DE
  • sikomor-o (bot.) sycamore (-tree) genus: Ficus Sycamorus. — DEFIS
  • sil-o silo: pit for ensilage. — DEFIS
  • silab-o syllable; -ala: syllabic; -igar: to separate into s.s.; to spell by s.s.; du - -a vorto: a word of two s.s. — DEFIRS
  • silenc-ar (intr.) to be silent: not to make noise; -igar: to silence (a machine etc.); -o: silence, stillness; -anta, -oza, -ema: silent, still; -ez: stop that noise! Ex.: La mashino silencis. Dum la silenco di la nokto. Foresto silencoza. V. exp.: Taco esas absenteso di parolado; silenco absenteso di bruiso. Ant.: bruisar. — EFIS
  • sileps-o (gram.) syllepsis.
  • silex-o silex: pure quartz, flint; -atra: flintlike; paf-ilala -o: gun-flint. Ex.: La primitiva homi facis sua hakili ek silexo. — EFIS
  • Silezi-a Silesia; -ano: Silesian.
  • silf-o, -ino, -ulo sylph. — DEFIRS
  • silic-o (chem.) silica. — EFIS
  • silik-o (chem.) silicon; -ato: silicate; -at-acido: silicic acid. Def.: La kemiala elemento Si. — DEFIS
  • silikon-o silicone. — DEFIRS
  • siliqu-o (bot.) silique; -eto: silicle. — EFIS
  • silk-o silk; -a: (made of) silk; -ajo, -a stofo: s. goods; -o-filo: s. thread; -o-kulturado: s. culture; -o-raupo: silkworm. — ER
  • silogism-o syllogism; -ala: syllogistic(al). — DEFIRS
  • silogistik-o syllogistic: a department of logic.
  • siluet-o silhouette, profile in black. — DEFIRS
  • silur-o (ich.) silurid, silure, sheat-fish, cat-fish (genus: Silurus). — EFIS
  • silurian-a (geol.) Silurian. — DEFS
  • silv-o forest of fully-grown lofty trees. — IL
  • silvan-o (myth.) sylvan: god, Sylvanus: wood deity.
  • silvi-o (orni.) garden warbler, white-throat (species of Sylvia). — L
  • simar-o simar: (of priests) cassock; (cf. sutano); (justice’s) robe; a former long gown worn by women. — EFI
  • simbios-o (biol.) symbiosis. — DEFIRS
  • simbol-o symbol, emblem, sign; -a, -ala, -atra: symbolic(al), typical, emblematic; -ismo: (philos.) symbolism; -izar: to symbolize; -esar: to be symbolized (da ulo). Ex.: La balanco esas la simbolo dil yusteso. La glavo simbolizas la lego. — DEFIRS
  • simbolik-o symbolics, symbolism.
  • simetr-a symmetrical: which corresponds in proportion, position; -eso: symmetry; -es-oza: symmetrical: full of symmetry; -igar: to symmetrize: reduce to symmetry; ne- -eso: asymmetry. Ex.: Simetra aranjo di vazi. Simetreso di diskurso. Simetra arkitekturo. — DEFIRS
  • simfiz-o (anat., zool.) symphysis. — DEFIRS
  • simfoni-o symphony. — DEFIRS
  • simi-o (general term) simian: ape, monkey, baboon, etc.; -al-ajo: an ape-like trick. — EFI
  • simil-a similar, like; (plural) alike (ad); -(ul)o: a like person; a fellow creature; -eso: similarity, similitude; -ajo: (objective) a s. thing, a similarity; -igar: to render s., to assimilate (cf. asimilar); -esar: to be s., be alike, resemble; -e: in like manner; ne- -a: unlike, dissimilar; sen- -a: matchless (cf. sen- -egala). Ex.: Vizaji, kozi, anguli simila. Ebriemeso similigas la homo a la bruto. — EFIS
  • simoni-ar (intr.) to practice simony; -o: simony. Def.: Simonio: komerco kontre-etika di la sakra kozi. — DEFIS
  • simpati-ar (tr., moral and physical) to sympathize with, have sympathy for (ulu); (phys.) be in sympathy with; -ala: sympathetic: relating to s.; -oza: sympathetic: full of s., congenial; -inda: which inspires sympathy; inter- -ar: to mutually sympathize; Ex.: Simpatiala vibri, soni. Simpatioza sentimento, amiko. Simpatiinda povrulo. Merkurio simpatias la oro. Me simpatias vu pro vua desfortuno. Ant.: antipatiar. — DEFIRS
  • simpatik-ar (phisiol.) sympathetic (nerve).
  • simpl-a simple: not complex or complicated; easy; (of dress) plain, common; -eso: simplicity; plainness; -e: simply, with simplicity; (plu-) -igar: to simplify; -eskar: to become simplified; -a soldato: common soldier, private; Ex.: L’oro, l’arjento, la fero esas simpla korpi. Mekanismo, metodo nekomplikita esas simpla. Simpla stilo, gusti. Simpleso di mori, di vestaro. Vestizar simple. Plu-simpl-igar problemo. Ant.: komplexa, kom-poz-ita, komplik-ita. — EFIS
  • simptom-o (med. and fig.) symptom: -a, -atra: symptomatic. Ex.: Simptomo di anemio. (fig.) Simptomo di revolto. — DEFIRS
  • simul-ar (tr.) to simulate (cf. fingar, imitar); -achar: to ape; -ita paco: fictitious peace. Def.: Aparigar kom reala ulo quo ne esas tala. Ex.: Simular kombato, maladeso. — DEFIS
  • simultan-a common, co-existing, co-equal, simultaneous. V. exp.: Qua valoras egale e kune, solidare, ex.: equacioni simultana. Konseque simultana ne esas sinonimo di samtempe.
  • sin-o intimate place, internal part, close or secret receptacle: (fig. senses of) bosom, heart (midst), womb. Ex.: En la sino dil eklezio. En la sino di la tero. La sino di Deo. En la sino di sua familio. — FIS
  • sinagog-o synagogue. — DEFIRS
  • sinap-o (bot.) mustard (-plant) (genus: Sinapis). — FIL
  • sinapism-o sinapism: mustard-plaster, -poultice. — DEFIS
  • sinaps-o synapse. — DEFIRS
  • sinartros-o (anat.) synarthrosis.
  • sincer-a sincere, frank, honest; -eso: sincerity; ne- -a: insincere. Ex.: Homo, amikeso, regreti, laudo sincera. Sincereso esas valoroza qualeso. Ant.: hipokrita. — EFIS
  • sindik-o syndic: a municipal officer; manager, business agent (of corporation, company); administrative assignee (of an insolvent’s estate). — DEFIRS
  • sindikat-o (industrial, finan.) syndicate; -ismo: syndicalism; -isto: (partisan) syndicalist; -ano: member of a s.; -igar, -ifar: to s. Def.: Grupo formacita por la defenso di sua ekonomikala interesti komuna. — DEFIRS
  • sindrom-o syndrome. — DEFIRS
  • sinekdok-o (rhet.) synecdoche.
  • sinektik-a synectic.
  • sinekur-o sinecure. Def.: Ofico sen responsiveso o devi. — DEFIS
  • singl-a (distributive adjective-pronoun) each (= every single individual); -u: each one, every single one; -e: singly; -a karti: single cards; li venis single: they came singly (one by one); dek centimi po singla: a penny apiece. Ex.: A singla dio lua tasko. Singla spozulo havas spozino. Ica libro kustas single kin franki. Singla soldato havas fusilo, od, singla soldati havas fusilo (o mem fusili) signifikas: un fusilo ad un soldato. V. exp.: Omna, singla: Omna havas senco kolektiva; singla havas senco distributiva. Ex.: Omnu parolis, singlu en sua linguo (E. everyone spoke, each in his own language). Omna testo juris dicar la verajo, e singlu naracis la evento diverse (E. every witness swore to tell the truth, and each one related the event differently); Generale, singla (quale L. singulus) signifikas: un po un, unope (pro to ta pronomo dicesas ‘distributiva’. Note: ‘Omna singla’ is a pleonasm, singla being sufficient to translate ‘every single’. The E. ‘single’ in the sense of alone, is to be translated by sola, izolita, separita. Both omna and singla may be used with the singular and the plural with the same sense. ‘Every soldier is brave’ may be translated: Omna soldato esas brava. Omna soldati esas brava. Singla soldati esas brava. — E
  • singlut-ar (intr.) to sob. — FI
  • singular-a singular: pertaining to one (cf. stranja); -o: (gram.) s. number; -eso: (quality), -ajo: (something pertaining to one) singularity, peculiarity. Ex.: Verbo en la singulara nombro (od, en la singularo). Singulara propoziciono, ideo, kazo. Singulareso di opiniono. Singularajo en la manieri di ulu. — DEFIS
  • sinior-o lord, highness, seignior, sire, lady (of rulers); sir or lady (of lords); (cf. sioro); -ino: noble lady, Lady; -eso: seigniory, lordship; -ala: seignioral, lordly; Nia Sinioro: (rel.) our lord; mea -o: your lordship; -o rej-ido: his royal highness; -o episkopo: his eminence, the bishop; -o prezidanto: his excellency, the president. — DEFIS
  • sinistr-a left; (nav.) port; -a latero: left side; -uz-ero: left-handed person; turnez (ad) sinistre: turn to the left. Ant.: dextra. — IL
  • sink-ar (tr., intr.) to sink (ulo, en ulo, su); to settle, subside; Ex.: Sinkar palisegaro en la tero. La fero sinkas en l’aquo. V.exp.: kp. Dronar. DE
  • sinkop-ar (intr., med.) to swoon; -igar: (gram., mus.) to syncopate; -o: (gram., mus., med.) syncope. — DEFIS
  • sinkret-ismo, -isto (philos.) syncret-ism, -ist. — DEFIRS
  • sinkron-a (phys.) synchron-al, -ous (cf. sam-tempa, kronologi-ala); -eso: synchronism; -igar: to synchronize. — DEFIS
  • sinod-o (eccl.) synod. — DEFIRS
  • sinodik-a (astron.) synodic. — DEFIRS
  • sinonim-a synonymous: -o: synonym; -eso: synonymy: quality of being a s. Ant.: antonimo. — DEFIRS
  • sinoptik-a synoptic(al). Ex.: Sinoptika tabelo di cienci. La sinoptika evangelio. — DEFIRS
  • sinovi-o (anat.) synovia. — DEFIRS
  • sins-o direction (one way); (math.) sense: one of two opposite directions; sam-, kontre-sins-a, -e: same, contrary direction. V. exp.: Direciono, sinso: Konsiderez rekto delinita per du punti A e B. La rekto infinita reprezentas un direciono, qua esas komuna ad ol e ad omna rekti paralela; ma ol havas du sinsi, en qui on povas imaginar la movo di punto sur olu: la sinso de A ad B, e la sinso (inverso o kontrea) de B ad A. Sur mapo on kustumas indikar la sinsi per flechi. On direktas automobilo en ula direciono per la direktilo. E sen tushar la direktilo, sen chanjar do la direciono, on povas movar ol en du sinsi: ad-avane e ad-dope.
  • sintax-o (gram.) syntax. — DEFIRS
  • sintez-o (log., math., chem.) synthesis; -ala, ema: synthetic; -ar: to synthesize. V. exp.: Sintezo esas l’ago inversa di analizo. Kemiala sintezo, metodo sintezala. Sintezar albumino. — DEFIRS
  • sinu-o sinuosity, winding, bend; -oza: sinuous, winding, meandering, serpentine, tortuous; -ifar: to wind about, meander. Ex.: La sinui di litoro, di rivero. — EFIS
  • sinus-o (geom.) sine; (anat.) sinus: a cavity, channel.
  • sinusit-o sinusitis. — DEFIRS
  • sior-o sir or madam; -ulo: sir, Mr., gentleman; -ino: Mrs., Miss, madam, lady (married or not); (cf. sinioro, damzelo, damo); ge-siori: ladies and gentlemen. — FIS
  • siren-o siren: powerful whistle; (acoustics) a measuring instrument for air vibrations; (myth.) sea-nymph, mermaid; (fig.) a seductive woman; -ala, -atra voco, kanto: (fig.) a siren (bewitching, fascinating) voice, song. — DEFIRS
  • Siri-a Syria; -ano: Syrian.
  • Siriak-a (dialekto) Syriac.
  • siring-o syringe, squirt; -agar: to syringe, squirt (with a s.). — DEFIS
  • sirok-o (wind) sirocco. — DEFIR
  • sirop-o syrup; -ala, -atra: syrupy; rib- -o: currant s. — DEFIR
  • sis-ar (intr.) to hiss; to siss, sizzle; -anta, -anto: sibilant. Def.: Produktas la sono sss...od fff..., t.e. bruiso ne-muzikala, qua esas fonetike konsonanto. Ex.: Serpenti, gansi sisas. V. exp: Lokomotivo siflas per sua siflilo, e samtempe sisas emisante vaporo ek la kaldiero o la cilindri, tra robineti, ma ne siflante.
  • sis six; -a-dek: sixty; -o: a half dozen (Note: For other derivative forms cf. du). — EF
  • sism-o earthquake, vibration of the earth; -a, -ala: seismic.
  • sismograf-o seismograph. Def.: Instrumento por enskribar la ter-tremi. — DEFIRS
  • sismologi-o seismology. — DEFIS
  • sismometr-o seismometer. Def.: Instrumento por mezurar la ter-tremi. — DEFIS
  • sismoskop-o seismoscope.
  • sistem-o system; -ala: (tendency) -ema: systematic, methodical (cf. metod-ala, -oza); -igar: to systematize. Ex.: La sistemo di Descartes. Planetala sistemo, od planetosistemo, od planetaro. Il esas persono tre sistemema. Sistemigar sua idei, sua dokumenti. — DEFIRS
  • sistematik-o systematizing: scientific (or efficient) disposition; labo(u)r saving arrangements. — DEFIS
  • sistol-o (anat., gram.) systole. Ant.: diastolo. — DEFIS
  • sistr-o sistrum: Egyptian musical instrument.
  • sitel-o pail, bucket; -edo: bucketful. — L
  • situ-ar (tr.) to place, seat, locate (ulo, ulu) (cf. jacar, pozar, plas-izar, lok-izar); -o, -eso: situation, site location; -ita: situate(d). Ex.: Domo, urbo bone situita (o kun bona situeso). Dramatatra situeso. Situeso bona, mala, embarasiva. V. exp.: Situeso, relate personi, esas generale acidentala, tempala; la stando esas kustumale permananta. On trovas sua aferi en neagreabla situeso, qua forsan developos a permananta mala stando. — DEFIS
  • siv-o sieve, sifter (for flour, etc.); strainer (for liquids) (cf. kriblo, filtrar); -agar: (tr.) to sift, bolt, strain; (fig.) to examine minutely, separate the good from the bad; to winnow. — DE
  • sive (1) whether; (2) either; (1) sive ... sive: (alternative and condition) whether ... or whether; sive vu parolos, sive vu tacos, vu esos blamota: whether you speak, or whether you are silent, you will be blamed; (2) me drinkos, sive biro, sive vino: I shall drink beer or wine (N.B. In the last example it is to be noted that sive is equivalent to od...od). V. exp.: Sive, od: Sive implikas sempre (segun etimologio origino: L. sive = si-ve = od se) supozo, kondiciono, konseque ne-certeso o questiono. Sive vu parolos, sive vu tacos, t.e. se vu parolos, o se vu tacos. Od expresas simpla alternativo. — L
  • siz-ar (tr.) to sieze, grip, catch or lay hold of; (fig.) to take, grasp quickly, apprehend (arrest); to distrain (property); -ilo: gripping. Def.: prenar o manukaptar vivace e vigoroze ulu, ulo. ex.: Sizar l’espado per la pinto. Sizar la brakio di ulu. Sizar la havajo di ulu. Sizar oportuna instanto (o tempo). Sizar pretexto. Teroro sizis la menti. La febro sizas me. — EF
  • sizigi-o (astron) syzygy. — DEFIRS
  • skabel-o (wooden) stool, foot-stool (cf. tabureto). Def.: Moblo por la pedi, o por acensar sur olu. — FIS
  • skabi-o (med.) scabies, itch; (of animals) mange; -ala, -atra, -oza: scabious; -ika, -iko: (person, animal) infected with itch; (N.B. A scab on a sore is to be translated by krusto). — EFI
  • skabin-o alderman; ( F. echevin). — FI
  • skabios-o (bot.) scabious (genus: Scabiosa). — DEFIRS
  • skafandr-o diving suit (with helmet, etc.); -iero, -isto: diver. Def.: Plunj-vestaro kompleta kontenanta homo tota. — FIS
  • skal-o ladder; scale: instrument of measurement; (math., mus.) scale; -atre: ladder-like; in gradation; -o-grado: round rung (of a ladder); -atre dis-pozar: to arrange in gradations; (milit.) to draw up in echelon; kordo- -o: rope ladder; helpar ulu kom -o: to act as a ladder for someone to mount; -acensar: to climb a ladder; -o aritmetik-ala: arithmetic scale; -o soci-ala: social scale; laborar ye granda -o: to work on a large scale; -o-plako: dial-face (for dials other than those with numbers; cf. cifro-plako). — DEFIRS
  • skalar-o (math.) scalar. — DEFIRS
  • skalen-a (geom.) scalene.
  • skali-o shell (as of an oyster, etc.) (cf. shelo); -a pekt-ilo: a tortoise-shell comb; tortugala -o: tortoise s.; -oza: scaly, squamous. Def.: La krusto dika e solida qua kovras la korpo di la tortugi, ostri, musli, e.c. — FI
  • skalp-ar (tr.) to scalp: deprive of s.; -o: scalping; -ajo: s.: skin on top of the head. — DEFIR
  • skalpel-o (surg.) scalpel. — DEFIRS
  • skamone-o (bot.) scammony (Convolvulus scammonia). — DEFIS
  • skand-ar (tr.) to scan (verse); -o-vergo, -o-baston-eto: orchestra leader’s baton. — DEFIRS
  • skandal-ar (tr.) to scandalize, shock, offend (ulu); -esar: to be scandalized (da, pri); -o: scandal(izing); -anta, -oza, -iva: scandalous. Ex.: Lua konduto skandalis la tota urbo. — DEFIRS
  • Skandinavi-a Scandinavia; -ano: Scandinavian.
  • skapul-o (anat.) scapula, omoplate; -parto: shoulder-blade. — EL
  • skapulari-o (rel.) scapular(y). — DEFIRS
  • skarabe-o (ent.) scarab, horn-beetle (genus: Scarabæus). — EFIRS
  • skaramuch-o scaramouch; (fig.) cowardly buffoon. Def.: Persono di la komedio Italiana. — DEFI
  • skarifik-ar (tr., surg.) to scarify (the skin of someone). V.exp.: tranchar. — EFIRS
  • skarlat-a, -o scarlet (colo(u)r). — DEFIRS
  • skarlatin-o (med.) scarlatina: scarlet fever. — DEFIRS
  • skarmuch-ar (intr.) to skirmish, to have a brush with the enemy. — DEFIS
  • skars-a scarce: not plentiful; scanty (cf. rara, des-densa); -eso: scarcity. Def.: Des-abund-anta. Ant.: densa, abund-anta. — EL
  • «skat» (card game) skat.
  • skelet-o (anat.) skeleton. — DEFIRS
  • skem-o schema, scheme: systematic plan; outline or demonstration of a system, showing relations and functions; (N.B. not ‘scheme’ project); -ala, -atra: schematic; -ifar, -izar: to schematize. — DEFIRS
  • sken-o hank, skein; -uno: one of the threads of a skein. — E
  • skeptik-a, -o sceptic(al); (cf. ne-kred-ema); -eso: (spirit of) scepticism; -ismo: scepticism: doctrine of the sceptics. — DEFIRS
  • skerc-o (mus.) scherzo. — DEFIR
  • skerm-ar (intr.) to fence: practise sword-play; -arto: art of f.; -o-doc-anto; -o-maestro: fencing-master, a master of fencing. — FIS
  • sket-ar (intr.) to skate; -ilo: a skate. — E
  • ski-o skee, ski; -kurar, -glitar: to skate on skees. Def.: Speco de sketilo longa, ligna, por kurar e glitar sur la nivo. — DEFIS
  • skir-o (med.) scirrhus: a hard tumo(u)r.
  • skis-ar (tr.) to sketch, outline, make a rough draft of; (fig.) to delineate: give the plan or idea of; -o, -uro: sketch, outline; (rough) drawing. Ex.: Skisar peizajo, portreto, (fig.) poemo. Skisar demarsho. Skisuro di romano. V. exp.: vid. esbosar. — DFIRS
  • skism-o schism; -ano, -ana: schismatic(al). — DEFIRS
  • skist-o (min.) schist, slate (cf. ardezo). — EFIS
  • Skit-a Scythian; -o: a Scythian; -ia: Scythia.
  • sklav-o, -ulo, -ino slave; -ala, -atra, -ema: slave, slavish, servile; -eso, -atr-eso, -igo, -esko: slavery, servility, servitude, bondage; -esar: to be a s., be in slavery; -igar: to enslave, enthrall (ulu); -isto: partisan of slavery; -ig-isto: slaver. — DEFIS
  • sklerotik-o (anat.) sclerotic. — DEFIS
  • skol-o school: a place or establishment where instruction is given, usually elementary; disciples or followers of some teacher or doctrine in art, philosophy, -etc.; -ala: school, academic; -o komuna: common s.; -o di kavalko arto: riding school; -o milit-ala: military academy, school; -o yuro-cienco: law s.; -o di Platon: s. of Plato; -ano: schoolchild, pupil, scholar (cf. erudito, ciencisto, lern-anto, stipend-iero, dicipulo); -estro: schoolmaster; aplik- -o: technical school or college, polytechnic, trade s.; apliko-skolo di artilerio: artillery s. — DEFIRS
  • skolastik-a, -o scholastic; -ismo: scholasticism. — DEFIRS
  • skoli-o (lit., geom.) scholium. Def.: Komento od expliko di texto; matematikal expliko di teoremo. — DEFIS
  • skoliast-o scholiast, annotator. — DEFIRS
  • skolopendr-o (ent.) scolopendra, the genus of centipedes. — DEFIS
  • skop-o that at which one aims; aim, scope, objective, intent(ion), purpose, view, goal, butt, object to attack; -o-plako: target; -o-punto: bull’s eye. Ex.: Vizar skopo per flecho. Frapar la skopo per kuglo. Atingar sua skopo di vivo. Mariajar su esis la skopo di elua esforci. Pafar a la skopo-plako. — EI
  • skops-o (orni.) scops, eared owl (Scops Aldrovandi). — EFL
  • skorbut-o (med.) scurvy; -ala, -atra: scorbutic: relating to the disease; -ika, -iko: (person) affected with s. — DEFIRS
  • skori-o (metal) scoria, dross, slag; -igar: to scorify: reduce to s. — EFIS
  • skorpion-o (ent., also astron.) scorpion. — DEFIRS
  • skorzoner-o (bot.) viper’s grass (genus: Scorzonera). — DEFIRS
  • Skot-a Scottish; -o: Scot, Scotsman; -ia: Scotland.
  • skotish-o (dance) schottish. — DEFIS
  • skovel-o cannon-sponge, -swab; -agar: to sponge (a cannon).
  • skrach-ar (tr.) to scratch, claw, graze, gall; (of ropes) to chafe; (of clothing) to make a rent in; (cf. lacerar, gratar, skrapar, exkoriar). Def.: Facar sek(et)o en la pelo (od altra surfaco), do vundeto. V. exp.: La ungli di kato skrachas bonege, ma nule exkorias. Me tante gratis me, ke me fine skrachis me. — E
  • skrap-ar (tr.) to scrape (with a tool), scrape off, abrade; (of chimneys) to sweep; to scale off; -uri: scrapings. Def.: Deprenar gratante per instrumento ula parti de la surfaco di korpo. Ex.: Skrapar anciena pergameno. La stono skrapis la pelo. Skrapar kraso de la pelo, o fango de la vestaro. — E
  • skren-o screen; fairo -o: fire-screen. — EFR
  • skrib-ar (tr.) to write (ulo, ad ulu); -(ad)o, -uro: (act, result) writing; -uro santa: Holy Scriptures; -formo, -maniero: form or manner of writing; -a: being written, being in writing; -ajo: what is written: written paper, document; -ala: relating to the writing; -e: in writing; -ita: written; -anto, -into: writer; -isto: professional writer, scribe (N.B. not author; cf. autoro); -ilo: a writing instrument, pen, etc.; -il-aro: stand for ink and pens; collection of writing instruments, pens; en-skrib-ar: to inscribe; en-skrib-uro: inscription; -achar: to scrawl, scribble; -kuseno: a pad to write upon; -mashino: typewriter; mashin-skribar: to typewrite; -tablo: writing-table, -desk. — DEFIS
  • skroful-o (med.) scrofula, king’s evil; -ala, -atra: scrofulous: relating to the disease; -ika, -iko: scrofulous (person). — DEFIS
  • skrot-o (anat.) scrotum. — DEFIS
  • skrub-o screw (cf. helico); -agar: to s. down, s. on (something with screws. N.B. not to screw the screw; cf.visar); -izar: to put screws on: cover with screws; -ten-ilo, -mord-ilo: vise (vice); -o-krampono: screw-clamp; preso- -o: thumb-screw, adjusting-screw; Arkimed-ala -o: Archimedian s.; sen-fina -o: endless s.; ligno- -o: wooden s.; -ino: female s.; a nut; -turn-ilo: screwdriver, turnscrew. — DE
  • skrupul-o (moral) scruple, qualm; -oza, -ema: scrupulous. Ex.: Havar skrupulo pri ulo. Homo sen-skrupula. — DEFIRS
  • skud-o (e)scutcheon; (Italian money) scudo; -o-forma: scutiform: shield-shaped. Def.: Speco di shildo, mikra, portanta la blazono di ulu; e konseque, irga planko shild-forma e portanta blazono, imajo o sur-skriburo. — FIS
  • skult-ar (tr.) to sculpture, carve (ulo, en, ek); -(ad)o; -arto; -uro: sculpture; -isto, -ero: sculptor, carver. Def.: Produktar statuo en korpala naturaleso od en vera reliefo. V. exp.: On povas ex. cizelar kapo (vizajo) homala segun la perspektivo, ma on skultas ol donante ad ol la reala formo. On cizelas perspektiva figuro sur bloko, on gliptas reala figuro sur bloko, ma on skultas figuro de bloko, t.e. on transformas la bloko a ta figuro korpala. — DEFIRS
  • skuner-o (nav.) schooner; -o kin-masta: a five-masted s. Def.: Navo kun seglo-rigaro ne transversa ma longesala. — DEFIR
  • skur-ar (tr.) to scour, furbish: to cleanse by scrubbing; -isto: scourer; scullion. Def.: Destruktar e forprenar partikli o despuraji de la surfaco di ula korpo per friciono. — DEFS
  • skurel-o (zool.) squirrel (genus: Sciurus). — DE
  • slam-o slime, mire, ooze, silt; -eyo: miry place, slough, mudhole, quagmire (cf. marsh-eto); -izar: to cover with, choke up with fine oozy mud or silt. — DE
  • slang-o slang; -ar: to speak s. (cf. jargono, galimatiaso). Def.: Linguo specala, konvencionala e plu o min sekreta, propra a profesiono od a societo klozita (studenti, raptisti). — DE
  • Slav-o Slav, Slavonian; la -a (lingui): the Slav(onian) languages.
  • Slavoni-a Slavonia.
  • sling-o noose, sling, snare, loop (cf. glit-nodo, lazo). Def.: Nodo en kordo, e.c. ne forsita per tiro. — DE
  • slip-o slip (of a screw-propeller); (cf. ripar). — DE
  • slogan-o slogan. — EFIS
  • Slovaki-a Slovakia. — DEFIRS
  • Sloveni-a Slovenia. — DEFIRS
  • slup-o (nav.) sloop. Def.: Speco de seglo-navo kun un masto. — DEFIR
  • sluz-o lock, sluice; -pordo: lock-, sluice-gate; -baseno: l. chamber; -isto: l. keeper; -agar: to take (a boat, ship) through a l.; to open a l. for a boat; -o di muel-ilo: mill-dam, penstock. — DER
  • smalt-o smalt: a deep-blue glass (often pulverized). — DEFIRS
  • smerald-o (min.) emerald. — DEFIRS
  • smeril-o (min.) emery; -agar: to polish with e.; -pulvero: e. powder; -polvo: e. dust; -papero: e. paper. — FIS
  • snap-ar (tr.) to snap, snatch: bite or catch suddenly with the teeth ( as a dog) or with beak (as a bird). Def.: Kaptar bruske per la boko. — DE
  • snifl-ar (tr., intr.) to sniff: inhale strongly; snuff up; (fig.) to turn up one’s nose (at); -o-tabako: snuff.
  • snob-o snob — DEFIRS
  • snorkel-o snorkel. — DEFIRS
  • snort-ar (intr., of horses) to snort: blow through the nose (cf. sternutar, mungar). — E
  • sobr-ar (also fig.) temperate: moderate in food or drink; sparing, abstemious, sober; (cf. ne-ebria, temper-ema, -moder-ema); -eso: temperance, sobriety, moderation; -es-ala soci-eto: temperance society; -e: soberly, with sobriety. Ex.: La homo qua ne exajeras manjante, drinkante, qua esas moderema e su-dominacanta, esas sobra persono. Esar sobra en parolado, en laudado. — EFIS
  • soci-o society (in general) community: any large body of persons or living beings living a community life; -eto: society (formed for a particular object), association; (com.) company, partnership (cf. firmo); -ano: member of a (large) society; citizen; -et-ano: member of an association; -ala: social: relating to society; -et-ala: relating to an association; -ema: sociable; -em-eso: sociability, good fellowship; -al-ismo: socialism; -al-ist-a, -ala: socialist. Ex.: Omnu havas devi a la socio. Abeli vivas en societi. Societi komercal, literaturala, ciencala. — DEFIRS
  • sociolog-o sociologist. — DEFIRS
  • sociologi-o sociology. — DEFIRS
  • socis-o (large, long) sausage; -eto: a small s. — EFIR
  • sod-o (chem.) soda: sodium carbonate (cf. natro); -aquo: soda water. — DEFIR
  • sodomi-ar (intr.) to commit sodomy. — DEFIS
  • sofa-o sofa. V. exp.: vid. kanapeo, divano. — DEFIS
  • sofism-o sophism, (conscious) fallacy; -ala: sophistical (cf. sofist-ala). V. exp.: vid. paralogismo. — DEFIRS
  • sofist-o sophist; -ala: sophistical (cf. sofismala). — DEFIRS
  • sofistik-o sophistry. — DEFIRS
  • sofit-o (arch.) soffit; -i: (theat.) flies. — DEFIRS
  • sok-o sock: plowshare. — EF
  • sokl-o (arch.) socle (cf. piedestalo, plinto). — DEFIRS
  • sokurs-ar (tr.) to succo(u)r: to come to the aid of when in danger; -armeo: relief army. Ex.: Sokursar ulu dronanta. V. exp.: Sokursar signifikas irar rapide e kurajoze helpar ulu, uli, en situeso di minacanta danjero; on helpas ulu en desfortunoza o perturbita situeso per la donaco di adicionala forci o moyeni. On sokursas amiko en batalio; on helpas la povri, falinto. — EFIS
  • sol-a alone; without company, sole, only (cf. nura, unika, solitara); -eso: solitude; -isto: (mus.) soloist; -o: (mus.) solo. Def.: Qua esas ne-akompanata; izolita. Ex.: Il esas sola en la chambro. Unu sola ne povas facar to. Laborar sole. Il esas sola en solitara loko. — DEFIRS
  • sol (mus.) sol: fifth note of diatonic scale.
  • solan-o (bot.) nightshade (genus: Solanum). — IL
  • sold-ar (tr.) to solder (metals); -ilo: soldering-iron; -o-stano: (metal) solder; kun- -ita: soldered together. V. exp.: vid. weldar. — EFIS
  • soldat-o soldier, trooper; -ala, -atra: soldierly; -o (simpla): an ordinary s., a private. — DEFIRS
  • sole-o (ich.) sole (genus: Solea); -o*, -a muskulo: (anat.) soleus: a leg muscle. — EFI
  • solecism-o solecism. — DEFIRS
  • solen-a solemn; -eso, -ajo: (quality, art) solemnity; -igar: to solemnize. Ex.: Solena festo, vovo, dio, tono, vizajo. — DEFIS
  • solenoid solenoid. — DEFIRS
  • solfej-ar (tr., mus.) to (sing) sol-fa: sing the notes of the scale; -o: sol-faing; solfeggio. — DEFR
  • soli-o threshhold (of a door, of a window; also fig.), door-soll. Ex.: (fig.) la solio di vivo. — FI
  • solicit-ar (tr.) to solicit: earnestly apply for (cf. suplikar, peticionar); -ema: solicitous (cf. suci-ema); -anto, -ero, -isto: solicitor, canvasser. Def.: Insistoze demandar. Ex.: Solicitar audienco, employeso, ofico, favoro. Segun la solicito (di). Solicitero por voti. — DEFIS
  • solid-a (also geom.) solid: not liquid; (fig.) firm, substantial, sound; -o, -ajo: a s. body; (geom.) a s. figure; -eso: solidity, stability; -igar: (tr.) -eskar: (intr.) to solidify; plu- -igar: to consolidate. Ex.: Solida korpo, angulo, nutrivi, edifico. (fig.) Motivi, argumenti solida. La solideso di domo. Koldeso solidigas aquo. Ant.: liquida, fluida, frajila. — DEFIS
  • solidar-a (jur. and gen.) solidary: jointly and severally responsible or liable; binding upon every one; -e: conjointly, jointly and severally; -eso: solidarity, joint responsibility; (fig.) coherence, fellowship, community of interests; -igar: to make jointly liable; to unite the interests of (cf. konsolidar). Ex.: Solidara obligaciono. La spozulo esas solidara por la debaji di sua spozino. Asociiti en komercal societo esas solidara. (fig.) La solidareso en la interesti di omna laboristi. — DEFIRS
  • soliped-a, -o (zool.) soliped(ous). — DEFIS
  • solitar-a (of places) solitary, lonely, deserted; (of persons) (living) alone; -eso: loneliness, solitude. V.exp.: Solitara esas ulo plu kam sola, mem kam solesema: to esas: « qua restas kustume tote sola ed izolita ». Exempli: Solitara querko stacas meze di la planajo. On povas anke parolar pri solitara loko; to nule esus sinonima di dezerta: ex.: « ta solitara templo esas frequentata da multa pilgrimanti. » Solitareso expresas la L. solitudo. On povas vivar sola, mem en urbo; to ne esas vivar solitara od en solitareso. On anke havas la substantivo solitaro por persono. — EFIS
  • soliter-o (game amd gem) solitaire. — DEFIRS
  • solstic-o solstice; -o vintr-ala: winter solstice. — DEFIRS
  • solv-ar (tr.) to solve (a problem, etc.) (cf. dis-solvar); -uro: (also physical) solution; -ajo: what is to be solved, the problem; -ebla: (also phys.) solvable; soluble, dissolvable. Ex.: Solvar problemo, desfacilajo. La rezultajo di dis-solvo di sukro per aquo esas sukroza (dis-)solvuro. — EFIS
  • solvent-a (fin.) solvent; -eso: solvency; ne- -a: insolvent (cf. bankrotar). Def.: Pago-kapabla. — DEFIRS
  • Somal-a Somali; -o: a Somali; -a: Somalia; -i-lando: Somaliland.
  • somat-o (biol.) soma. — DEFIS
  • somer-o summer. — DE
  • somit-o (geom., also of trees, mountains, etc.) summit, top. V. exp.: La suprajo ne esas sempre nek necese la somito, nam ol povas esar larja e plana; on ne parolas pri la ‘somito’ di moblo, di (plata) domo. La suprajo di la tero tote ne identesas kun la somiti di la monti. — EFI
  • somnambul-a, -ala; -o somnambulist-ic; -eso: -ism. — DEFIS
  • somnol-ar (intr.) to be sleepy, drowsy; -o: somnolence; -anta, -ema: sleepy, drowsy; -egar: to be overpoweringly sleepy. Def.: Sentar la bezono o tendenco (momentala) dormar. V. exp.: Dormema indikas kustumala tendenco a dormar, ne instantala stando. — DEFIS
  • son-(ad)ar (intr.) to sound: emit a sound; (of clocks) to strike; -igar: to ring (ulo); (cf. tinklar); -o: sound, ring, striking: -lud-ilo: rattle. Ex.: La horlojo sonas. Sonigar la korno. Sonigar (ulo) por la retreto, por servisto, por la dineo. — EFIS
  • sonali-o small bell (as used on the harness of horses). Def.: Instrumento sonora, en formo di bulo kava, fendita, qua sonas per la bulo agitata interne. — I
  • sonat-o (mus.) sonata; -eto: sonatina. — DEFIRS
  • sond-ar (tr., intr.) to take soundings in; (gen.) to sound: ascertain the depth of, explore the nature of the bottom; to fathom; (fig.) to try, test; (med.) to probe (with a probe), to sound (with a sound); (mining) to make a boring; -ilo: (nav.) sounding-line, -lead; (surg.) probe; sound; jetar la sond-ilo: to heave the lead. Ex.: Sondar rivero, tereno, vunduro, veziko (fig.) l’intenci di ulu. — DEFIRS
  • sonet-o sonnet. — DEFIRS
  • sonj-ar (intr.) to dream (while asleep; cf. revar). Ex.: Me dormis e sonjis ke me esis richa. — FIS
  • sonk-o (bot.) sow-thistle (genus: Sonchus). — L
  • sonor-a sonorous, resonant; -eso: sonorousness. Ex.: Sonora voco, linguo. Ant.: matida. — DEFIS
  • soport-o (mechan.) bearing.
  • sopran-o (voice, person) soprano, treble. — DEFIRS
  • soqu-o sock: shoe used by actors in ancient comedy.
  • sorb-o (bot.) sorb-apple, mountain-ash berry; -iero: sorb-tree, service tree, mountain-ash, rowan tree (genus: Sorbus). — DEFIS
  • sorbet-o sherbet: a water ice. — DEFIRS
  • sorc-ar (intr.) to practise sorcery, witchcraft; (tr.) to bewitch; (ulu, ulo): (fig.) to charm, enchant; -(ad)o: sorcery, witchcraft; -eso: (state) bewitchment; enchantment; -ilo: charm; -isto: sorcerer: one who is supposed to be in league with evil spirits; (fig.) wizard, conjuror, magician; -ist-ino: witch. Ex.: On ankore trovas kredo ad sorcado inter la populi sovaja. (fig.) Ta muliero sorcas me. — EF
  • sordid-a, -ega, -acha (of things) dirty, nasty, foul, soiled, sordid, slovenly, sluttish; (fig. of persons, acts) mean, disgusting (cf. shaminda, pudora); -eso, -ajo: (quality, object) dirtiness, filthiness: dirt, filth; -(ul)o, -acho: a dirty person; -igar: to dirty, soil. Def.: Des-neta. Ex.: Sordida aquo, linji, chambro, manui, homo, avareso. — EFIS
  • sordin-o (lit. and fig.) sordino: a mute or damper on trumpet, violin, piano, etc. — DEFIS
  • sorg-ar (tr.) to care for (by physical acts), take care of, look after (ulu, ulo); to take pains with; -(ad)o: care, attendance; -ema: careful, painstaking, regardful (cf. diligenta). Ex.: Konfidar ad ulu la sorgo (pri). Komisar ulu por sorgar (pri). El esas la flegisto qua sorgas il. Sorgar la stilo. Sorgema laboristo. (fig.) Esar sorgema pri sua honoro, sua reputo. V. exp.: vid. suciar. — D
  • sorgum-o (bot.) Indian millet (Sorghum vulgare).
  • sorit-o (log.) sorites. — DEFIRS
  • sort-o sort, kind: brand (of goods); -aro: assortment. (Note: For idiomatic uses of the E. ‘sort’, ‘kind’, cf. quaza, quala, tala, ul-maniere). Ex.: Ibe esas omna sorti di bestii. Quala viro! Il esas ulsorta (o quaza, od ulspeca) giganto. — DEFIRS
  • sospir-ar (intr.) to sigh, heave or fetch a s.; (tr., fig.) to sigh out, breathe forth. Ex.: Sospiro pro doloro. (fig.) Sospirar versi. — FIS
  • «sou» sou: 20th part of a franc.
  • sovaj-a (referring to living and growing persons, plants, trees, etc.) savage: wild (living in a state of nature) not domesticated, uncivilized; (fig.) unsociable; ferocious, fierce; -(ul)o: a s.; -eso: savagery, wildness; (fig.) fierceness; -igar, -eskar: to make, become s. Ex.: Sovaja populi, animali. Anado sovaja (E. wild). (fig.) Mieno sovaja. — EFIS
  • Soviet-Union-o Soviet Union. — DEFIRS
  • sozi-o double, second self, counterpart. Def.: Persono qua esas perfekte simila ad altru. — DFI
  • spac-o space; -ala: spacial; -oza: spacious, roomy. Ex.: spaco havas tri dimensioni. Hike ne esas sata spaco. Spacala relati. Spacoza chambro. — EFIS
  • spad-o (tool) spade; -agar: (tr.) to spade. — DE
  • spadik-o (bot.) spadix.
  • «spahi» spahi: Algerian horse-soldier.
  • span-o chip (of wood, metal) (cf. rabot-uro). Def. Reziduo dil ago limar, rabotar o di altra tranchanta instrumento. V. exp.: vid. splito. — D
  • spaniel-o spaniel. — DEF
  • spant-o a timber, rib, in the frame of a ship. — DE
  • spanyolet-o window-sash fastening (the ordinary bolt and catch; cf. kremono). Def.: Vekto ocilanta cirkum sua mezpunto e qua ingranas od embragas en hoki supre ed infre di la fenestro. — DFI
  • spar-ar (tr.) to economize, save, put by, husband; (intr.) to be economical, frugal; -egar, -achar: to be stingy, parsimonious, niggardly; -o, -em-eso: economy, thrift; -ajo: what is saved, savings; -ala, -iva: saving, economizing; -ema: thrifty, frugal; -kaso: savings bank; -buxo: money-box. Ex.: Sparar la revenui di la heredajo. On povas sparar tempo, kredito, forteso. Me sparis mil franki por futura uzo. Spariva procedo. Sparema mento.
  • sparadrap-o (pharm. Med.) cerecloth, sparadrap. Def.: Kataplasmo aglutinanta extensita sur linjo o papero. Ex.: Kovrar vunduro per sparadrapo.
  • sparvier-o (orni.) sparrow-hawk (Falco Nisus). — DFI
  • spasm-o spasm; -ala, -atra: spasmodic. V. exp.: vid. konvulso. — EFIRS
  • spat-o (min.) spar. — DFIRS
  • spatul-o (pharm.) spatula; -ucelo: spoonbill (genus: Platalea). — DEFIS
  • spec-o species (fig.) kind (cf. genero, sorto, qual-eso); -ala: special: relating to s.; particular, (e)special; -vari omna-speca: all sorts of wares; -al-eso: (quality) peculiarity; -al-ajo: something special, a speciality; -al-isto: specialist; -al-igar: to specialize: adopt a specialty (su, ulu); -igar: to specify: designate particularly, particularize; -ig-anta, -iva: specifying, particularizing; specific (specifika). Ex.: Homala speco. Speci esas dividata en varietati. Il esas stranja speco di homo. Specala studio. To esas specale dezirenda. La specalesi di diferanta kozi. Existas multa specalaji en la medicinala praktikado. La lego specigas to quon on darfas facar. Speciganta nomo. Specigiva (od, partikulara) instrucioni. — DEFIRS
  • specifik-a (med., physics) specific (cf. spec-iganta, -igiva); -o: a specific. Ex.: Graveso specifika. Esas specifika mikrobo en tuberkloso. Quinino esas specifiko kontre ula febro. — DEFIS
  • specimen-o specimen, sample. Ex.: Montrar specimeno di frumento, di drapo, di vino, di insekto. — DEFS
  • spegul-o mirror, looking-glass; -o brul-anta: burning-m.; regardar su en -o: to look at oneself in the glass; kirurgiala -o: speculum. — DEI
  • spekt-ar (tr.) to look at or on, be a spectator of, witness; (cf. regardar, vidar, kontemplar); -anto: spectator; -ajo: spectacle, sight, view (cf. spektaklo). Def.: Regardar longe, pasive, ma kun atenco ed intereso, quale en teatro od altra spektaklo. Ex.: Il spektis ta eventi. La aktori e la spektanti. La spektajo (od, vidajo) de ta vidpunto esis bela. Ta veneracinda viro esas spektindajo. — EFIS
  • spektakl-o (theat., etc.) spectacle, pageant, performance. — EFIRS
  • spektr-o (physics) spectrum. — DEFIRS
  • spektroskop-o spectroscope. — DEFIRS
  • spektroskopi-o spectroscopy. — DEFIRS
  • spekul-ar (intr.) to speculate: (philos.) to theorize; (finan.) to make (financial) speculations. Ex.: Spekular pri metafizikala problemi, pri frumento. — DEFIRS
  • speleologi-o spelaeology. — DEFIRS
  • spelt-o (bot.) spelt (Triticum Spelta). — DEIS
  • spencer-o spencer: a short jacket. — DEFI
  • spens-ar (tr.) to spend, expend; -(ad)o: spending, expenditure; -i, -ajo: expenses: sum(s) spent; -ema: extravagant, spendthrift; vivar per la spensi di ulu: to live at the expense of someone; asumar la spensi: to finance (ulo). Ex.: Spensar pekunio, sua vigoro. Ta esas povra di qua la spensi transpasas la recevaji. — EFI
  • spergul-o (bot.) spurry (genus: Spergula). — DEFIS
  • sperm-o (physiol.) sperm: animal seed; -ala: spermatic, seminal (cf. semin-ala). — DEFIRS
  • spermacet-o spermaceti (used for candles, cosmetics, etc.). — DEFIR
  • spermatocit-o (biol.) spermatocyte. — DEFIS
  • spermatofor-o (zool.) spermatophore. — DEFIS
  • spermatogenez-o (biol.) spermatogenesis. — DEFIS
  • spermatogoni-o (biol.) spermatogonium. — DEFIS
  • spermatore-o (med.) spermatorrhea. — DEFIS
  • spermatozoid-o (bot.) spermatozoid; (zool.) spermatozoon. — DEFIS
  • spermin-o (physiol. chem.) spermine. — DEFIS
  • spic-o spice: pepper, nutmeg, ginger, etc; (cf. kondimento, piklo); -aro: spices (collect); (fig.) groceries; -izar: to spice; -o-komerco, -o-venderio: (fig.) grocery business; -(o-vend)isto: grocer. — DEFIS
  • spien-o (anat.) spleen (cf. splino). — DEFRS
  • spik-o (bot.) ear: spike or head of corn, grain; -ifar: to ear; haro- -o: tuft of hair. — EIS
  • spin-o spine, backbone; chine; -ala: spinal; ruptar la -o: to break the back. — EFIS
  • spinat-o (bot.) spinach (Spinacia). — DEIRS
  • spindel-o spindle: piece of wood used for twisting and winding thread (cf. fuzelo; bobino, ruko); -atra: s.-shaped, s.-like. — DE
  • spinel-o (min.) a spinel ruby.
  • spion-ar (tr.) to spy on (ulu, ulo); (intr.) to act as a spy; -(ad)o: spying, espionage: -anto, -ero, -isto: spy. — DEFIRS
  • spir-o (geom.) a winding line like the threads of a screw, helix.
  • spiral-o (geom.) spiral; (of a watch) hair spring; (in gen.) a spiral spring; -a, -atra: spiral: winding like the turns of a screw. — DEFIRS
  • spire-o (bot. genus) spiræa. — DEFIS
  • spirem-o (biol.) spireme. — DEFIS
  • spirit-o spirit: incorporeal being; -ala: spiritual; -isto: spiritist, spiritualist: one who professes to hold intercourse with departed spirits or believes such intercourse possible; -ismo: spiritism, spiritualism: doctrine or beliefs of spiritists; -ist-a, -ala: spiritistic; -al-ismo: (philos.) spiritualism: a system opposed to materialism; -al-isto: spiritualist (opp. to materialist); -al-eso: spirituality; -al-igar: to spiritualize: render spiritual; Santa Spirito: Holy Spirit. Def.: Pensanta ento senkorpa. Ex.: On dicas ke deo, la anjeli, la mortinta anmi esas spiriti, anke same pri imaginala enti quale fantomi, fei, e.c. — DEFIRS
  • spis-o spit (for roasting); -eto: skewer; -agar: to spit (meat for cooking); -o-turn-ilo: turnspit; -ego: spear (cf. lanco). — DES
  • splenalgi-o (med.) splenalgia: stitch in side. — DEFIRS
  • splendid-a splendid; -eso: splendo(u)r. Def.: Brilanta; belega; luxoza. Ex.: Palaco splendida. Splendideso di la suno, di la trono. — DEFIS
  • splenit-o (med.) splenitis. — DEFI
  • splin-ar (intr.) to be splenetic, be in low spirits; -igar: to give the blue devils to (ulu); -o: spleen: hypochondriasis: morbid depression of mind; (cf. spleno). — DEFRS
  • splint-o (tech.) small metal pin (used to fasten parts); (cf. stifto); fendita -o: split-pin; -o-ludo: (game) spilikins. — DR
  • splis-ar (tr., nav.) to splice; -ilo: splicing-fid, marlingspike. Def.: Specala maniero juntar du kordi per desplekto di l’extremaji e posa riplekto. — DEF
  • split-o splinter, sliver, shiver, (of metal, glass, wood, etc.); -oza: splintery; -igar: to splinter: cause to fly into splinters. V. exp.: Splito esas spano di tote nereguloza formo, dum ke spano havas formo dependanta de la materio e de l’instrumento per qua on laboras ulo. — DE
  • spoli-ar (tr.) to spoliate, (des)spoil, rob, pillage, sack, plunder. Def.: Desposedigar ulu, ulo de ulu per fraudo, o violento; for-portar violentoze. Ex.: Spoliar orfano de lua heredajo. Spoliado di urbo. Domo spoliita. — DEFIS
  • sponde-o (pros.) spondee. — DEFIRS
  • sponj-o sponge; -agar: (tr.) to sponge (a garment, etc.); -ala, -atra: spongy. — EFIS
  • spontan-a spontaneous: voluntary, self-acting, -moving. Ex.: spontana genitado. La movi di la kordio esas spontana. Spontaneso di ula ago. — DEFIS
  • spor-o (bot.) spore. — DEFIRS
  • Sporadi Sporades (islands).
  • sporadik-a sporadic; scattered; (med.) not epidemic. Ex.: Dum ta yaro aparis sporadika kazi di kolero. — DEFIRS
  • sporangi-o (bot.) sporangium. — DEFIS
  • sporn-o (natural, artificial) spur; -oza, -iz-ita: spurred; -agar: to spur (a horse, etc.); -izar: to put spurs on. — DFI
  • sport-o sport; -ala, ema: sporting, sportive; -ist(ul)o: sportsman; -ar: to take part in sport. — DEFIRS
  • spot-o (natural) beauty-spot, mole (on skin) (cf. plastr-eto); variol- -o: pock-mark. — E
  • spoz-o spouse: either one of a married couple; -ala: marital, conjugal, connubial; -ulo: husband; -ino: wife; -igar: to make (ulu) one’s spouse, to espouse, wed (ulu); -ul-igar: to wed (a husband); -in-igar: (tr.), -in-eskar: (intr.) to wed (a wife); -ig-anto: person marrying, suitor; ge- -i: husband and wife; grantar ulu kom -o: to give in marriage. V. exp.: vid. mariajar. — EFIS
  • sprat-o (ich.) sprat (Clupea spratus).
  • spric-ar (intr.) to spout (out), gush (forth); -igar: to cause (ulo) to spout, to throw up, dash (liquids); makulo: a dash, splash (of liquid). — D
  • spring-ar (intr.) to spring: rise upward and go forward with impetuosity; -o: spring, dash, rush, leap, bound; (cf. precipitar). Ex.: Il springis e saltis super la fenco. — DE
  • spros-o (bot.) shoot, sprout (of a plant). — D
  • spul-ar (tr.) to reel: wind on a spool (thread, wire, etc.). — DE
  • spum-o foam, froth, spume: -acho: scum (bad sense); -ifar: to foam, froth; -oza, -atra, -if-anta: frothy, seething, foaming; -kuliero: skimmer; blanka -o: white foam; maro- -o: meerschaum; sen-spum-igar: to skim off foam. — EFIS
  • sput-ar (tr.) to spit, spit out; -ajo: spit(tle), sputum; -uyo, -vazo: spittoon; sango- -o: spitting of blood. V.exp.: vid. expektorar, saliv-ifar, bavar. — EFI
  • squadr-o (set) square: instrument for determining right angles; T- -o: T-square. — IS
  • squal-o (ich.) shark (genus: Squalus). V. exp.: vid. sharko. — FIS
  • squam-o scale (of skin, fish, serpents); -oza, -atra: scaly, squamous. Def.: La lameneti qui dependas de la pelo (di fishi, serpenti, e.c.). — EFIS
  • squat-ar (intr.) to squat down (on one’s hams or heels); (cf. blotisar). — E
  • «squatter» squatter (on land).
  • squil-o (bot.) squill, sea-onion (Scilla maritima).
  • st! hist! sh!
  • stab-o staff (army, etc.); -oficiro: s. officer. — DER
  • stabil-a stable; -eso: stability, consistence, steadiness; -igar: (tr.), -eskar: (intr.) to stabilize. Def.: Qua esas en stando, en situeso ferma, solida. Ex.: Stabila equilibro. Stabileso di edifico. — DEFIS
  • stabl-o stable (for beasts); -o-fako: stall (in s.); bovo- -o: cattle s.; lojigar kavalo en -o: to stable a horse. — DEFIS
  • stac-ar (intr.) to stand (upright), be standing; -(ad)o: standing (up); being on one’s feet; -ant-a, -e: standing, upright, on end; -igar: to cause (ulu, ulo) to stand; -eskez: stand up; -ig-ilo: stand (as for camera, telescope, etc.). Ex.: La monumento ankore stacas. Ol stacas vertikale. V.exp.: vid. erektar. — I
  • stacion-o (building and place) station; R.R. depot; (R.C. rel.) station; (cf. gar-eyo); -navo: s. ship. Ex.: Fervoyala staciono. Katoliko facas sua stacioni en la kirko. — DEFIS
  • stacionar-a steady, stationary: not moving or changing at the time; -eso: steadiness. Ex.: La temperaturo povas esas stacionara, anke la stando di morbi, di arti. V. exp.: Stacionara ne esas la sama ideo kam fixa: ol esas plu proxima ad konstanta, ma indikas konstanteso en movo, per quaza equilibro sempre ruptebla; konstanteso di ulo, qua povas variar en omna momento, o fixeso nur semblanta e rezultanta (stacionara ondi). — DEFIS
  • stadi-o (Gr. measure and place for gymnastic contests) stadium. — DEFIRS
  • stafil-o (bot.) bladder-nut (pod); -iero: b.n. tree (genus: Staphylea).
  • stafisagr-o (bot.) stavesacre (Delphinium Staphisagria). — FISL
  • stagn-ar (intr.) to stagnate (of liquids); be at a standstill; -anta: stagnant. Ex.: Stagno di aquo od stagnanta aquo. (fig.) Mea aferi, komerco stagnas. — DEFIS
  • stakis-o (bot.) hedge-nettle, wound-wort (genus: Stachys; cf. vulnerario).
  • stal-o steel; -a: of steel; -ala: steely; relating to s.; -atra: s.-like; -ifar: (intr.), -igar: (tr.) to make, convert into s.; -if-erio: s.works; -aji: s.wares. — DER
  • stalagmit-o (min.) stalagmite. — DEFIRS
  • stalaktit-o (min.) stalactite. — DEFIRS
  • stamin-o (bot.) stamen. — EFIS
  • stamp-ar (tr.) to stamp: imprint on the surface of something; -(ad)o, -uro: stamp(ing); -ilo: a stamp; postala -o: postal mark (N.B. not postage stamp; cf. posto-marko); ica letro havas Angla posto-marko e la postal stampuro di London: this letter bears an English postage stamp and the postal mark of London. Ex.: Stampar la libro-titulo sur la binduro. V.exp.: vid. puncar. — DEFR
  • stan-o tin; -a: (made) of tin; -oza: tinny, stannic; -izar: to cover (ulo) with tin; -folio: tin-foil; -vazo: a tin pot, pewter; kupro- -o: pewter. (N.B. Not tin-plate; cf. lado). — EFIS
  • stanc-o stanza. — DEFIRS
  • stand-ar (intr.) to be in a certain state, relative condition; to be in good or bad health; -o: state, stand, condition: state of being, manner of existing; quale vu standas? La stando di mea saneso esas bona: How are you? I am well; quale vua aferi standas? How is your business? Plu-bon-igar la stando di aferi: to better the condition of a business (or of affairs). V. exp.: vid. situar. — DE
  • standard-o (milit.) standard, ensign, flag; -port-isto; -iero: s.-bearer (cf. flago, banero). Def.: La nacional insigno, fixigita per un vertikal latero, sive a stango (teral armeo), sive a kordo (naval armeo). — DEFIRS
  • stang-o bar (of wood or metal), rod, pole; leg (of a table); stem (of a candlestick, etc); stock (of a key, nail, anchor); piston- -o: piston-rod; vito- -o: vine-pole; -izar: to pole (vines, etc.). — DI
  • stapeli-o (bot.) genus: Stapelia. — EFI
  • stapl-o distributing point for goods, as a seaport or large inland city, staple-mart or entrepot. — DE
  • starch-ar (tr.) to (stiffen with) starch; (fig.) to stiffen; -ita: starched; (fig. of style) stiff, formal; -ivo: starch (for linen). Def.: Rigidigar per amilo. — DE
  • «starost» (title) starost.
  • start-ar (tr., intr.) to start: set going, cause to act (as a machine, train, sport). Ex.: Me startas la motoro. La motoro startas facile. On povas startar la motoro di automobilo sen departigar la veturo. Starto di konkurso. — DE
  • starter-o starter (of a race). Def.: Ta qua direktas, imperas la departo. — DEFIRS
  • stat-o (political) state; -ala aferi: state affairs; -o-stroko: a stroke of state policy. — DEFIRS
  • statik-o (phys.) statics; -ala: static(al). — DEFIRS
  • statistik-o statistic(s); -ala: statistical; -isto: statistician. — DEFIRS
  • statu-o statue; -eto: statuette; marmora -o: marble s.; kavalk-ala -o: equestrian s. — DEFIRS
  • statur-o stature; -mezur-ilo: instrument to measure height. Def.: Alteso naturala di persono od animalo. Ex.: Alta-statura homo, od, homo di alta staturo. — DEFIS
  • statut-o statute, written decree or law; by-law; article (of association; cf. lego); -ala: statutory. — DEFIRS
  • stearin-o (chem.) stearin(e). — DEFIRS
  • steatit-o (min.) steatite: soapstone. — DEFIS
  • steb-ar (tr.) to quilt, to (pad and) stitch; to stitch (with a machine); -mashino: sewing machine. V.exp.: Stebar esas sutar per mashino, quo ne esas propre sutado, nam mashino uzas generale du fili, e la sutado nur un.
  • stek-ar (tr.) to stick: thrust point in, drive in (by point); (hort.) to propagate by cuttings or slips (cf. spros-ifar); -ajo: (hort.) slip, cutting. Def.: Enirigar ulo en ulo per la pinto. Ex.: Stekar paliso en la sulo. — DE
  • stel-o (also fig. and theat.) (fixed) star; -eto: small star; (print.) asterisk; -ala: stellar; -oza: (natural) starry: full of stars; -iz-ita: (artificial) studded or covered with stars; spangled; -atra, -o-forma: starlike, star-shaped; stelliform; -o-lumo: starlight; -izar: to star: stud, cover (ulo) with stars; -aro: constellation; matin- -o: morning star; polo- -o: polar star. V. exp.: vid. astro. — EFIS
  • stelari-o (bot.) starwort (genus: Stellaria).
  • stele-o (archeol.) stele: a graved stone. — DEFI
  • stelionat-o (jur.) stellionate: fraud in selling. — DEFIS
  • stelt-o, -i stilt(s); -irar: (intr.) to walk on stilts; -ucelo, -iero: (orni.) stilt-bird (order Grallæ). — DE
  • stenogfraf-ar (tr.) to take down (ulo) in short-hand; -ado, -arto, -uro: (act, art, result) stenography. — DEFIRS
  • stentor-o (antiq.) Stentor: a person with a powerful voice; -ala: stentorian: extremely loud. Ex.: Stentorala voco. — DEFS
  • step-o steppe: treeless (Russian) plain. — DEFIRS
  • ster-o stere, cubic meter (metre): 35.3174 cu.ft. — DEFIRS
  • sterefoni-o stereophony. — DEFIRS
  • stereofoni-o stereophony. Def.: Riprodukto di sono (de radio, magnetofono, edc.) por donar efekto realatra uzante du lautparolilo. — EFS
  • stereografi-o stereography. — DEFIRS
  • stereokamer-o stereotrope; stereopticon. — DEFIS
  • stereoskop-o stereoscope. — DEFIRS
  • stereotip-ar (tr.) to stereotype; (fig.) to fix firmly or unchangeably; (cf. klishar); -uro, -ajo: stereo(plate). — DEFIRS
  • stereotomi-o stereotomy. — DEFIRS
  • steril-a sterile, barren, unfruitful; (fig.) fruitless, vain; (cf. arida); -eso: sterility; -igar: to sterilize; -ig-ilo: sterilizer; -a roko: barren rock. Ex.: Sterila persono, arboro, tereno, autoro, diskuto. Steriligar aquo, filtro, vazo. Ant.: fekunda, fertila. — DEFIRS
  • steriometri-o (geom.) stereometry. — DEFIRS
  • sterk-o dung (-litter), muck (cf. dungo); -izar: to manure, dung; -amaso: dung-heap; -aquo: liquid manure; -skarabeo: (ent.) coprophagan; dung-beetle. Def.: La dungo formacita ek la exkrementi di animali (mixita kun palio). — SL
  • sterlet-o (ich.) sterlet (Acipenser Ruthenus). — DEFR
  • stern-ar (tr.) to lay (ulu, su) down at full length. — L
  • sternum-o (anat.) sternum, breastbone. — DEFIS
  • sternut-ar (intr.) to sneeze; (cf. snortar); -(ad)o: sneez(e)ing, sternutation. — EFIS
  • steroid-o steroid. — DEFIRS
  • sterol-o sterol. — DEFIRS
  • stertor-ar (intr.) to have a death rattle; to have a rattle in the throat (from respiratory trouble). — SL
  • stetoskop-o (med.) stethoscope. — DEFIS
  • stif-a (relationship) step-; -a fili-ino: step-daughter (cf. bo-fili-ino); -a matro: step-mother (cf. bo-matro); -a frat-ino: step-sister. Also used as a prefix: stif(a)-filiino, stif(a)-matro. V. exp.: Stifa signifikas la parenteso, qua rezultas de duesma mariajo di un de la genitori. Mea stifa frato esas la filio de la (duesma) spozo di mea genitoro; do lu esas nek mea frato nek mea mi-frato, nam lu havas nula genitoro komuna kun me. La spozo ipsa di mea genitoro esas mea stifa genitoro; lu esas tote diversa de mea bo-patro od bo-matro), qua esas genitoro di mea spozo (-ulo od -ino);.
  • stift-o peg: small pin of wood or metal used for fastening hinges, frames, clocks, etc.; -agar, -unionar, -stopar: to peg, fasten with pegs (ulo); stopo- -o: spigot, bung-stopper (as for casks). — DR
  • stigmat-o brand (of a hot iron); (bot.) stigma; scar of a wound (cf. cikatro); (pl. theol.) stigmata (of Christ); (entom.) stigmati (on the tracheæ); (fig.) stigma: mark of infamy; -izar: to mark with a brand or with scars; (fig.) to set a mark of disgrace on (ulu, ulo). Ex.: La stigmato di puniso, di la variolo, di vicio, sur la korpo di Francisko di Assisi. Variolo (e metafore, krapulado) stigmatizas la vizajo. Me stigmatizas ta aserto kom mentio. — DEFIRS
  • stil-o (lit., artist) style, tone, manner; diction: selection of words (cf. diciono); (bot. and antiq.) style; -eto: (fig.)(surg. probe) stylet; -isto: stylist: master of style; -oida: (anat.) styloid. Ex.: Moblaro segun la stilo di Louis XIV. Stilo moderna, historiala. Ta auturo havas bona stilo. — DEFRS
  • stilet-o stiletto: short pointed dagger.
  • stilistik-o stylistics. Def.: Cienco o teorio di stilo. — E
  • stilobat-o (arch.) stylobate. — DEFIS
  • stimul-ar (tr.) to stimulate, rouse, excite; to spur on, incite; to goad (oxen); (cf. ecitar); -ivo, -ilo: stimulant, stimulus; (fig.) goad, spur. Ex.: Intereso stimulas la mento. Lua indolenteso bezonas stimulivo. Porciono stimulanta. Stimul-ilo por bovuli. Stimulita da hungro. Ant.: stupor-igar. — DEFIRS
  • stip-o (bot.) stem, stalk (of plant); -eto: blade (of grass). — L
  • stipendi-o (in public schools or colleges) exhibition, scholarship, bursary (in Scotland): a sum of money granted to pay, wholly or in part, the expenses of a pupil’s education; -iero: a foundation scholar. — DEIR
  • stipit-o (bot.) stipe. — EFIS
  • stiptik-a styptic: stopping bleeding; (cf. astrikt-iva). — EFIS
  • stipul-o (bot.) stipule. — EFIS
  • stipul-ar (tr.) to stipulate; -o, -uro: stipulation. Ex.: Stipular garantio. Stipuluro di kontrato. — DEFIS
  • Stiri-a Styria; -ano: Styrian.
  • stiv-ar (tr., nav.) to stow (a cargo), trim (a hold); -isto: stevedore. — EIS
  • stof-o stuff, fabric, tissue, cloth: any woven fabric; lana -o: woollen stuff, woollen cloth. — DEFI
  • stoik-a (philos. and fig.) stoic(al): unaffected by passion; -(ul)o: a stoic; -ala: stoical; -eso, -ismo: (quality, doctrine) stoicism. Ex.: Stoika vertuo. Zeno esis stoiko e docis stoikismo. Ica homo manifestas stoikeso. Stoikala doktrino. — DEFIRS
  • stok-o (com.) stock. Def.: Quanto de komercaji o pekunio disponebla da vendisto. Ex.: Stoko de frumento. Stoko en magazino. Stoko de oro en banko. — DEF
  • stol-o (R.C. rel.) stole. — DEFIS
  • stomak-o (anat.) stomach; (cf. abdomeno, ventro); -ala: stomachic, gastric; -dolori: s.ache (cf. gastralgio); -spasmo: s. griping; -membrano, -tripo: tripe. — EFIS
  • stomatit-o stomatitis. — DEFIRS
  • stomatologi-o stomatology. — DEFIRS
  • ston-o pebble, small stone, loose rock (cf. petro, roko); -oza: full of (small) stones, pebbly, flinty (of roads, etc.); -izar: to macadamize, gravel, ballast: cover with small stones; -agar, -asomar, -mortigar: to stone (kill); sen- -igar: to clear (ulo) of stones; (fig.) stone mort-inta, surda, blinda. e.c.: stone dead, deaf, blind; kruda- -o: uncut stone, rough ashlar (opp. of quadro). — DE
  • stop-ar (tr.) to stop up, choke up, stuff up (a hole, bottle, etc.; cf. obstruktar, obturar); -ilo: stopper; stop-gap; korka -ilo: cork; -il-ego: bung; des- -ar: to unstop. — DE
  • stor-o roller-blind, spring-blind or curtain (cf. jelozio, persieno). — FS
  • storax-o (bot., pharm.) storax. Def.: Speco di balzamio. — DEFIS
  • stoter-ar (tr., intr.) to stammer, stutter, lisp from natural defect). V. exp.: Balbutado eventas che l’infanti, pro ne-habileso, o che l’adulti pro pavoro od altra emoco; kontre ke stoterado esas konstanta defekto di pronuncado. — DE
  • strab-a squint-, cross-eyed; -(ul)o: squint-eyed person; -eso: squinting (condition), strabismus; -esar: to squint. — EFIRS
  • strad-o street; -eto: small s.; lane (in town); alley, court; -angulo: s. corner; -o transversa: cross-street; -o-bubo: a s. urchin; -o-vend-isto: s. peddler; vagar tra la -i: to rove about the streets. — DEI
  • strand-ar (intr., also fig.) to strand: run aground or on shore: -igar: to run (a ship, boat) aground, to beach. — DE
  • strangul-ar (tr.) to strangle, choke, stifle, throttle (ulu); (cf. asfixiar, sufokar, garot-agar); Def.: Mortigar per presar la trakeo; perdigar, haltar la respirado. Ex.: Li strangulis per kordo. Il mortis pro stranguleso. (fig.) strangular ula cienco, ula arto. — DEFIS
  • stranj-a strange, unusual, uncommon, odd, singular, queer (cf. baroka); -eso: strangeness, oddness, queerness; -ajo: a strange thing, oddity, curiosity. Def.: Qua esas kontre kustumo, ordinara experienco, kustumala ordino, la komuna raciono. Ex.: Stranja dicajo, bruiso, aranjo, vivo. Esas stranja ke il ne ja advenas. La stranjeso di lua vestaro, di lua konduto. — EFIR
  • stranjer-a foreign, not native; (fig.) extraneous (jur.) irrelevant; -(ulo): a foreigner; -ajo: an extraneous body; (chem., surg.) a foreign substance. Def.: Qua esas de altra naciono; qua ne apartenas ad korpo. Ex.: Stranjera lando; linguo, milito, aferi, relati. Trovar ulo stranjera (kontre-natura) en korpo. Argumento stranjera (ne-apartenanta, ne aplikebla) a la kazo, proceso, temo. Note: The E. word ‘stranger’ is ordinarily to be translated by ne-konocato: He is a stranger to me: me tote ne konocas il: il esas ne-konocata da me. — EFIS
  • strapad-ar (tr.) to inflict strappado on (ulu). — EFIS
  • stras-o strass: a brilliant glass used for artificial gems; a paste (diamond). — DEFIRS
  • strat-o (geol.) stratum: layer; -igar: (tr.), -ifar: (intr.) to stratify; -ig-(ad)o, -if-(ad)o: stratification; sablo- -o: layer of sand; sand-bank; ostro- -o: oyster-bank. — EFIS
  • strateg-o (antiq.) strategus: a general.
  • strategi-o strategy; -ala: strategical; -isto: strategist. Ex.: Napoleon esis maestro do strategio. Jomini esis strategiisto. Strategiala pozicino. — DEFIRS
  • stratosfer-o stratosfer-o — DEFIRS
  • strek-o stroke, dash (as of a pen); (print.) dash; (geom.) a straight line; -eto, junto-streko: short dash; (print.) hyphen; tra- -izar: to draw a line through, strike out. Ex.: On formacas ta litero per du plumo-streki. Note: The use of the streko in printing does not, as in E., indicate merely an interruption, but a change of subject or speaker. — DE
  • stren-ar (tr., tech.) to strain (materials). — E
  • stret-a narrow, strait; (fig.) limited, scanty; -e: narrowly; -eso: narrowness; -igar: to narrow; -eskar: to become narrower, shrink; tro-stret-igar: to scant (cf. meskin-igar); -a mento: a narrow mind; marala -ajo: a strait. Ex.: Streta voyo, rubando, enireyo. Ant.: larja. — EIS
  • stri-o stripe, stria; -izar: to streak, stripe; -oza: (natural), -iz-ita: (artificial) streaked, striped; stri-rolero: rowell (of a spur). Def.: Lineo trasita o grabita sur surfaco per akutajo; lineo o tre dina kanelo (ne bendo). Ex.: Vitro o spegulo, sur qua on frotis diamanto o silexo, havas strii. Glacierala strii. La kapo di ula skrubi esas striizita, por ke on povas manuagar li plu facile. — EFIS
  • strid-ar (intr.) to produce a strident noise, to creak; -anta: strident, shrill, creaking, grating. Def.: Produktar sono akra e penetranta. Ex.: Cikadi, gondo-bendi stridas. Voco stridanta. — EFIS
  • strig-o barn-, white-, screech-owl (genus: Strix flammea). Def.: Noktala raptema ucelo di qua la facio esas ornita per plumoza koliaro kompleta. — L
  • strigl-o curry-comb; -agar: to curry (a horse). — DFI
  • strik-ar (intr., of workmen) to strike, to go on strike, quit work: -anto: striker. — DE
  • striknin-o (med.) strychnine. — DEFIRS
  • strikt-a strict, precise, rigorous; -e: strictly; -eso: strictness. Def.: Des-ampla. Ex.: Strikta senco, obligo, devo, en aferi. To esas strikte vera. Strikte parolanta. — DEFIS
  • stringer-o (nav.) stringer. — DER
  • strip-o trouser-strap (under the foot). — DR
  • stroboskop-o stroboscope. — DEFIRS
  • strof-o strophe. — DEFIRS
  • strofoid-o (geom.) strophoid. — DEFIS
  • strok-o indicates a single movement, an elementary, sudden act: stroke, coup, feat; (in game) move; (fencing) thrust; (of dice) throw; (rowing) stroke; (of whips) smack; alo- -o: wing-beat; (fig.) bril-anta -o: striking act, brilliant feat; cizo- -o: single cut with scissors; fortunoza -o: happy move, thrust, hit, etc.; piston -o: stroke of piston; perfida -o: treacherous act; prepar-ita -o: got-up affair; probo- -o: trial, first attempt; plum- -o: stroke of the pen; pinsel- -o: dash, stroke of brush; fola -o: foolish trick, move, act; lim-(ilo)- -o: stroke of a file; reto- -o: cast of net; stroko di stato: stroke of state, violent or quick exercise of state authority; il facis la stroko: he has done the deed; stroko di teatro: theatrical effect; clap-trap; yun-es-ala stroko: juvenile trick; youthful act of folly; -ar: to do the act called for by the ideas above defined; vu strokos pos me: it is your turn after mine.
  • stronci-o (chem.) strontium. — DEFIRS
  • strop-o (nav.) strop, strap, sling (for a block, or piece of cargo); -izar, -ligar: to strop (a block); to sling (casks, etc.). — DEFIRS
  • struch-o ostrich (genus: Struthio [camelus]); -ovo: ostrich egg. — L
  • struktur-o structure: manner of building, construction, form; (fig.) disposition, arrangement. Ex.: Ta edifico havas stabila strukturo. La strukturo di la vivanta korpo, di poemo. — DEFIRS
  • strum-o goitre, wen in the throat; -oza, -ika; -ozo, -iko: goitrous (person).
  • student-o, -ulo, -ino student; undergraduate; (cf. lern-anto). Ex.: Studento pri lego. Medicin-studento. — DEFIRS
  • studi-ar (tr., intr.) to study (ulo, pri ulo); (cf. lernar); -(ad)o: (act) study(ing); -uro: (result) a study; (paint.) sketch; -eyo: place for study; -eyo di artisto: studio, ‘atelier’; -ema: studious; -o-kapo: a head for study (by artist); pre- -ar: to make a preliminary study of; par- -ar: to make a complete study of. Ex.: Studiar piktado, portreto, matematiko, leciono. Kurso di studii. — DEFIS
  • stuf-ar (tr., cook) to stew; -o-vazo: stewing-pot; -ita bov-yuno: stewed veal. V. exp.: vid. stuvo. — EFIS
  • stuk-o stucco; -ajo: s. work; -izar: to cover with s. — DEFIRS
  • stul-o chair: seat with back; (cf. tabureto, benko); -ego: large c., arm-c.; -ego ocil-anta: rocking c.; -ego longa: lounging c., deck c., -if-isto: c. maker; porto- -o: sedan c.; rul- -o: bath-c.; truo- -o: night-stool. — DER
  • stult-a foolish, silly, senseless; (cf. frivola); -(ul)o: fool, booby, simpleton; (cf. naiv-(ul)o); -eso: silliness, folly; -ajo: silly thing; foolish act; absurdity. V. exp.: Stulta expresas ideo min forta kam stupida. Stupideso esas kompleta manko di inteligenteso. Stulteso esas plu juste manko di sagaceso, di judikado. Ant.: saja. I
  • stump-o stump (of tree, limb, column, cabbage, etc.); core (of an apple); -igar: to truncate; -a pedo: club-foot. — DE
  • stunt-ar (tr.) to stunt (growth of); -esar: to be stunted; -ita: stunted. Def.: Impedar la kresko e developo di ulu, ulo. — E
  • stup-o tow; (tech.) packing (of a piston, etc.); gudr-iz-ita stupo, gudro-stupo: oakum; -izar: to stop or cover with tow or oakum; (nav.) to calk (caulk); (tech.) to pack (a piston, etc.); -o-buxo: stuffing-box. V. exp.: vid. filaso. — FIS
  • stupid-a stupid: without intelligence; -(ul)o: a s. person; -ajo: s. act; -igar: to make (ulu) s.; stultify, besot, dull. Ex.: Homi obtuza e stupida. Mieno stupida. Mala traktado stupidigas infanto. V. exp.: vid. stulta. Ant.: inteligenta. — DEFIS
  • stupor-o (med.) stupor; -igar: to stupefy; -ig-iva, -ivo: stupefacient. Ex.: La stuporo de ebrieso. Opiumo stuporigas. (fig.) La mala informo stuporigas lu. — EFIS
  • sturg-o (ich.) (common) sturgeon (Acipenser Sturio); (cf. esturjono). — EFIS
  • sturm-ar to storm, with thunder and lightning; (fig.) tumult. V. exp.: Sturmo; mala vetero konsistanta ek fulmini, tondri, akompanata o sequata generale da pluvo o grelo. Tempesto: mala vetero konsistanta ek granda vento, qua sur la maro efektigas ondegi danjeroza por la navigado, e qua ofte akompanesas da pluvo. L’unesma fenomeno povas eventar sen vento; la duesma konsistas esence en vento, e povas eventar, sive sen pluvo o grelo, sive sen ula elektrala fenomeno. — DE
  • sturn-o (orni.) starling (genus: Sturnus). — FIS
  • stuv-o a stove or room used to produce hot air for drying, or hot vapo(u)r for sweating; sweating room; hot-air bath; vapo(u)r-bath; drying-room; -agar: to dry or heat in a slow, moist heat; (med.) to foment (a wound); (cf. furnelo). V. exp.: On stufas koquajo en irga vazo klozita, e ne en stuvo. Existas stuvi humida e sika, t.e. kun o sen aquo-vaporo. — EFIS
  • su (reflex. Pronoun, 3rd person, singular or plural; acc.: sun): self, oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves; -a: (pl.: sui) his, hers, its, their; su-dic-anta: self-styled, so called. Ex.: Li ne konkordas inter su. Il amas sua matro. Il ri-trovis elua libri, ma il ne povis ritrovar sui (pl.). La soldati defensis su brave. Egoisto sorgas nur por su (ipsa). Note: Su is used in the third person only and refers directly to the subject: il lavas su: he washes himself; li lavas su: they wash themselves; singlu por su: each one for himself. But, me lavas me: I wash myself; vu lavas vu: you wash tourself. Su, lu: Petro pregis Karlo defensar su: Peter asked Charles to defend him (su relates to Karlo who is the subject of defensar). — DFIS
  • Suabi-a Swabia; -ano: Swabian.
  • sub (prep.) under, below, beneath; lower in place or rank; denoting subordination, dependence; -e: (there) under, underneath, below; -a: under, subordinate; -a bush-aro: underbrush. Ex.: sub la tablo. Servar sub ulu. Il havas cent soldati sub sua komando. Il esas nur suba oficiro. Suba etajo. V. exp.: vid. alta. Ant.: super. — DEFI
  • sub-admiral-o rear-admiral.
  • subaltern-a, -o (milit. and fig.) subaltern (officer); (cf. subordin-ito). — DEFIS
  • sub-chef-o chief-assistant.
  • sub-cherp-ar (tr.) to draw off (liquors, etc., from the bottom; vid. rakar).
  • sub-deleg-ar (tr.) to subdelegate. Def.: Donar ad altru la povo agar vice su.
  • sub-destrukt-ar (tr., fig.) to undermine: to injure or destroy by clandestine means (cf. minar).
  • sub-diakon-o subdeacon.
  • sub-direkt-anto, -ero, -isto sub-manager, -director.
  • sub-divid-ar (tr.) to subdivide; -o, -uro: subdivision.
  • sub-doc-isto assistant teacher.
  • sub-emend-o, -uro additional amendment, amendment to an amendment.
  • sub-entraprez-isto sub-contractor; jobber.
  • sub-farm-ar (tr.) to farm (land, taxes) as an under-lessee.
  • sub-gener-o sub-genus.
  • sub-grup-o sub-group.
  • sub-help-anto, -isto under-assistant.
  • subis-ar (tr.) to undergo, endure, bear; -ar tormento: to undergo tortures; -ar yugo: to bear a yoke; -ar destino: to submit to one’s destiny. Def.: Recevar force o kontrevole. Ex.: Ica korpo subisas kompreso. — FI
  • subit-a sudden, unexpected; -e: suddenly, all of a sudden; -eso: suddenness. Def.: qua esas tote ne-previdita. Ex.: Subita morto, chanjo di la vetero. — FIS
  • sub-jac-ar (intr.) to lie under; -anta: subjacent, underlying.
  • subjekt-o (gram., log.) subject (cf. temo); -ala: (philos.) subjective (opp. to objekt-ala); -al-eso: subjectivity. Ex.: La subjekto di verbo, di propoziciono. Subjektala metodi, koncepti. — DEFIRS
  • subjuntiv-o (gram.) subjunctive. — DEFIS
  • sub-jup-o petticoat, (short) underskirt.
  • sub-klas-o sub-class, subdivision of a class.
  • sub-komitat-o subcommittee.
  • sub-lang-a (anat.) sublingual.
  • sub-lietnant-o sub-lieutenant; second-lieutenant; ensign.
  • sublim-a sublime; -eso: sublimity; -ajo: sublime object. Ex.: Sublima abnego, genio. — DEFIS
  • sublim-ar (tr., chem.) to sublime, sublimate; -(ad)o: sublimation; -ato: a sublimate. Def.: Vaporigar ulo e lore rikondensar ol a stando solida. — DEFIRS
  • sub-lokac-ar (tr.) to under-hire, sub-rent, sublet (by tenant) (ulo, de ulu); (cf. sub-lugar).
  • sub-lug-ar (tr.) to under-lease, sub-rent (by the proprietor) (ulo ad ulu); (cf. sub-lokacar).
  • sub-lun-a sublunar(y).
  • sub-mar-a submarine: undersea; submersed.
  • submers-ar (tr.) to submerge (under water) (cf. inundar); -o-navo: submarine (boat). Ex.: Nil periodale submersas Egiptia. V. exp.: vid. imersar. — EFIS
  • submis-ar (tr.) to reduce (ulu) to a state of submission, dependence, to subdue, subjugate; -ar su: to submit, yield, succumb (cf. vinkar, domtar, cedar, subisar, prizentar, submisionar); -o: subjection (act); -eso: submission, submissiveness, compliance (cf. obedi-em-eso); -ita: subdued, subjugated. Ex.: Submisar la rebeli, sua pasioni. Me submisas me a vua decido. La submiso di la urbo. Ica populo submisesas (facis sua submiso) ed esas nun en (stando di) perfekta submiseso. — EFIS
  • submision-ar (intr.) to (make a) tender (por, pri) (a contract, loan); -o: tender; -anto, -into: party making tender, contract. V. exp.: Submisionar esas: propozar su por entraprezar ula laboro (generale publika), aceptante la kondicioni anuncita da la labor-donanto, e demandante ula preco. Generale, plura entraprezisti esas invitata submisionar samtempe per letri siglita e sekreta, ed on adjudikas l’entraprezo a ta qua demandas la minima preco. To esas speco di auciono, o prefere, inversajo di auciono: vice vendar a la maxim-ofranto, on ‘kompras’ de la minim-demandanto. — DF
  • sub-oficir-o non-commissioned officer, petty officer.
  • subordin-ar (tr.) to (make) subordinate, subject (ulu, ulo, ad ulu, ulo); -(ad)o, -eso: subordination; -ita: subordinate(d); -ito: a subordinate; inferior; -ite: subordinately. Ex.: La guvernerio subordinas la civitani a la judiciisti. La legi subordinas la civitani a la judiciala oficisti. Subordinar sua volo ad altru. Mantenar subordineso en la armeo. Propoziciono subordinita. La chefo fidas a lua subordinati (od inferiori, od imperati). — DEFIRS
  • suborn-ar (tr.) to suborn: induce or instigate (ulu, uli) to do an evil deed, by bribes or the like; to bribe, tamper with; (cf. seduktar, koruptar); -o, -eso: subornation, bribery; -ar testi: to bribe witnesses; -ebla: venal; -ebl-eso: venality. — EFIS
  • sub-pel-a subcutaneous.
  • subrekarg-o (com., nav.) supercargo.
  • subrept-ar (tr.) to obtain surreptiously; -o: subreption; -ala: surreptitious. — EFIS
  • subret-o (theat.) soubrette, abigail. — DEFR
  • subrog-ar (tr., jur.) to surrogate, subrogate, substitute. — DEFIS
  • subsidi-ar (tr.) to subsidize: grant a subsidy to (ulu); -o: subsidizing, subsidy; sum granted. Ex.: Subsidiar paketboto. La subsidiajo esis 50 mili, ma mem ca subsidio ne esis suficanta. — DEFIRS
  • sub-skrib-ar (tr., intr.) to write below, underneath (cf. signatar); -uro: what is written below; (cf. sur-skrib-uro). Ex.: Noto skribita sub texto o letro esas subskribita, quankam la subskriburo ne esas signatita da la skribinto.
  • substanc-o substance; -ala: substantial (cf. esenco). Exd.: Substanci korpala, metala, liquida. Esis multa vorti ma nula substanco en la diskurso. Indemno substancala. Griza substanco di la cerebro. — DEFIS
  • substantiv-o (gram.) substantive, noun; -igar: to substantivize: to convert into, or use as, a substantive. — DEFIS
  • substituc-ar (tr.) to substitute: put in place of another (ulu ad ulu, ulo ad ulo) (jur.) to entail (an estate); -ato: a substitute. V. exp.: A remplasas (E.: takes the place of) B = A okupas (provizore o definitive) la loko (ofico, funciono, rolo) di B. A remplas-eskas = A prenas (komencas okupar la loko di B, pozas su od aparas en la loko di B. C remplas-igas B per A = C pozas (o produktas) A en la loko antee okupita da B. En la sama kazo, C substitucas A a B, od, C remplasigas B per A (E. puts A in place of B). Praktikal regulo: Omnafoye kande la propoziciono kontenas tri termini, on devas uzar remplas-igar o substitucar, ne remplasar. Uzez la prepoziciono ‘ad’ kun substitucar, ne ‘per’. Uzez ‘per’ kun remplas-igar. (Substitucar un kozo ad ultra; remplas-igar un kozo per altra; do, en la pasivo: remplasata da ... remplasigata per ... e substitucata a ..... ); kp. suplantar, suplear. — DEFIS
  • substitut-o (jur.) deputy magistrate, surrogate. V. exp.: Substituto esas la nomo di ofico di persono; por la kozi ni havas surogato;. — DEFIS
  • sub-strek-izar to underline.
  • subsum-ar (tr., log.) to subsume. — DEFIS
  • sub-tas-o saucer; -ego: salver.
  • sub-ten-ar (tr.) to support (by holding underneath; cf. sustenar, apogar). Ex.: Ta trabo subtenas la konstrukturo.
  • sub-ter-a subterranean; -ajo: subsoil.
  • sub-ter-etajo basement (below ground), underground floor or chamber.
  • subterfuj-o subterfuge (cf. pretexto, ruzo). — EFIS
  • subtil-a (physical) subtile: not dense or gross; (mental) subtile, subtle: keen, sharp, acute; -eso, -ajo: (quality, objective) subtleness, subtility; -ach-ajo: subtlety (in bad sense), quibble, hair-splitting distinction; -igar: to subtilize: render fine or ethereal; to draw subtle distinctions in, refine into niceties. Ex.: Subtila veneno, polvo. Subtila intelekto, mento. La subtilaji di metafiziko. Troa subtileso nocas argumento. — DEFIS
  • sub-titul-o (print.) sub-heading, second title.
  • sub-urb-o suburb, outskirts (of a town, city; cf. pre-urbo); -ala: suburban; -ano: suburbanite.
  • subvencion-ar (tr.) to grant a subvention to, subsidize; -o: subvention: government aid or bounty; (cf. subsidiar). Ex.: Subvenciono di teatro di la stato. — DEFIS
  • subvers-ar (tr.) to subvert: overturn from the foundation: bring to ruin or destrucion, as by moral or political force; (cf. renversar); -o, -eso: (act, state) subversion, ruin; -anta, -iva, -ema: subversive. Ex.: Ta doktrino subversas la principi di etiko. Subverso di la stato per anarkio. Doktrino subversiva. — DEFIS
  • sub-vest-o undergarment; -aro: underwear.
  • suced-ar (tr., intr.) to succeed: came after, follow in order, (cf. sequar; sucesar); -o, -ado: succession; -anto, -into (di): successor; -anta: successive subsequent; -e, -ante: successively, in succession, in turn; -ar (od, inter-sequar) l’una l’altra: to succeed, follow one another. Ex.: Jorno sucedas la nokto. La sucedado di nia idei. Louis XII esis la sucedanto di Charles VIII. Chapitri sucedanta. — DEFIS
  • suces-ar (intr.) to succeed: accomplish one’s purpose, be successful; -o: success; -anta, -oza: successful; mi- -o: indifferent success. Ex.: Lu sucesas en sua entraprezajo. La suceso di teatrajo. La verko ne esis tre sucesoza. — EFIS
  • suci-ar (tr.) to care about: be concerned, solicitous, anxious about (ulu, ulo); -o: -ego: (mental) care, solicitude, anxiety; -anta, -oza, -ema: solicitous, anxious, careworn; sen- -a: careless, thoughtless; me ne -as: I do not care. Def.: Havar sua spirito okupata pri o por la bona stando di persono o kozo amata. V. exp.: Suciar, sorgar, flegar: Sorg(ad)o esas ago, kontre sucio esas mentala stando. Exempli: Matro povas suciar sua infanto, ma konfidas a la nutristino la sorgo pri lu. On flegas malado, infanto. On ne povas dicar, ke ta matro ne sucias sua filieto, nam elua paroli klare montras, ke sempre el pensas a lua stando e deziras ke ol esez bona; ma fakte el sorgas lu nultempe, nam el abandonas a lua nutristino omna sorgi, quin el devus ipse facar a l’infanto. Mea tutelanto ne nur suciis mea saneso e feliceso, ma il sorgis li omnamaniere, ed il esis quik extreme nequieta, kande me sentis irga sufreto. Yes, nun me esas nequieta pri la mala stando di vua aferi; ma li ne esus tante desesperiganta, se olim vu esabus plu sucioza o suciema pri oli. — F
  • sucin-o (yellow) amber; -ea: amber colo(u)red. — FIS
  • sud-o south; -ala: southern, southerly; -e: southward; -esto: south-east; -ano: a southerner. — DFIRS
  • Sudafrik-a South Africa — DEFIS
  • Sudan Sudan; -ano: Sudanese.
  • sudari-o sudarium; shroud (cf. sepulto-tuko).
  • sudor-o sweat, perspiration; -ifar: to perspire, be in a sweat; -if-anta: sweating, sudoriferous; -if-igar: to cause (ulu) to sweat; -if-egar: to perspire profusely; -if-ig-iva, -ivo: (med.) sudorific. — EFIS
  • Sued-a, -o Swedish, Swede; -ia: Sweden.
  • sufic-ar (intr.) to suffice, be sufficient (ad, por); -as: (impers.) it is sufficient; that is enough; that will do; -o, -ajo: sufficing; sufficiency, adequacy, competency; -anta: sufficient (cf. sat); -ante: sufficiently. Ex.: Cent franki suficos a me. Suficajo de frumento. Kapaceso suficanta. Esar suficante klara. To suficas a me, equivalas: me konsideras, aceptas to kom suficanta. V. exp: vid. saciar, sat. — EFIS
  • sufix-o (gram.) suffix; -igar: to suffix: annex at the end of a word. — DEFIRS
  • sufl-ar (intr.) to blow (wind, etc.); (tr.) to blow: force wind or breathe upon; (theat.) to prompt (a speaker); (chess, checkers) to huff; -(ad)o: blow(ing), puffing, breath, breathing (cf. respiro, anhelo); -eto, -ego, -ajo: (the air) puff, gust, blast, whiff; forjo-sufl-ilo: blacksmith’s bellows. Ex.: La vento suflas. Suflar (ad) sua fingri. Suflar fairo, vitro, orgeno. Suflar aktoro. Suflar piono. Ne esis mem vento-sufleto. Extingar buijio per sufl(et)o di la respirajo. — DFI
  • sufok-ar (tr., intr.) to suffocate, stifle, smother, choke; (fig.) to check, subdue; (cf. strangular); -anta, -iva: suffocating, stifling. Ex.: La nutristino sufokas la dormanta infanto. Sufokar la karbonfairo. Sufokar sua singluti. Me sufokis pro irocego, pro la varmegeso. Astmo donas la sento di sufoko. Aero sufokanta. V. exp.: vid. asfixiar. — EFIS
  • sufr-ar (tr., intr.) to suffer (from), be afflicted with; (cf. dolorar, subisar, tolerar); il sufras en la hepato: his liver is out of order. Ex.: Sufrar (de, pro) la hungro, la dursto, la doloro, lo morto. Persono infirma e sufranta. — EFIS
  • sufragan-a, -o suffragan (bishop). — DEFIRS
  • sufraji-o (R.C. rel.) suffrage: a short prayer.
  • sufuzion-o (med.) suffusion: extravasation of some humour.
  • sug-ar (tr.) to suck (candy, etc., ulo de ulo); -anta: sucking; (zool.) suctorial; -ilo: sucker (as of an insect); mam-sugar: to suckle (cf. alaktar). Ex.: Sugar la suko de oranjo. V. exp.: On povas aspirar, ne nur aero od altra gaso, ma anke liquido. Do on povas e devas dicar, ke pumpilo aspiras, e distingar teknikale la pumpili aspirante e presanta. (Pumpilo aspiras unesme l’aero, e per la sama procedo, kande ol esas amorcita, ol duras aspirar l’aquo. Sugar expresas ago di la boko, labii, lango, qua ne implikas necese aspiro. Exemple, on sugas bonbono en la boko; on nule aspiras ol.
  • sugest-ar (tr.) to suggest, intimate (ulo ad ulu); -etar: to hint; -(ad)o: suggestion; -ajo: what is suggested, suggestion, intimation; -anta, -iva: suggestive. Ex.: To sugestis ideo a me. Sugesto hipnotala. Sugestiva penso. Lu mem ne sugestetis la ago a me. — DEFIS
  • Suisi-a Switzerland; -ano: Swiss.
  • suk-o juice: sap (of vegetables) the juice (of fruit); -oza: juicy; -o stomak-ala: gastric juice. Ex.: La suko di oranjo. — FIR
  • sukomb-ar (intr.) to succumb (ad), to yield, get worsted. Ex.: Sukombar a tento, a doloro, sub la pezajo. — EFIS
  • su-kontre-dicanta self-contradictory (cf. inter-kontre-dic-anta).
  • sukr-o sugar; -ala: relating to s.; -atra: s.-like; -oza: sugary: naturally sweet; -iz-ita: sugared: covered with s.; sweetened; -izar: to s.; put s. in or on; to sweeten; -ajo: a sweet(meat); -aj-erio: confectioner’s shop; -if-isto: s. maker; -if-erio: s.-works, s. refinery; -o-lumpo, -o-bloko: s. loaf; -o-pulvero: powdered, ground s.; -o-kano: s. cane. — DEFIRS
  • sukub-o succubus. — DEFS
  • sukus-ar (tr.) to cause violent vibrations in, to shake, shake off, jerk, jog, jostle, jolt; (cf. agitar, ocilar, shancel-igar, tremar); -ope: by shakes, jerks. Ex.: Sukusar arboro, tablo, sua kapo. Sukusado la polvo de la vesto. Sukusado di veturo sur voyo aspera. — FI
  • sul-o soil (cf. tero, tereno); sub- -o: subsoil. Def.: La supra strato di la tero, konsiderata pri lua produktiva qualesi; Ex.: sulo fertila, sterila, e.c. — EFIS
  • sulf-o sulphur, brimstone; -oza, -atra: sulphurous; -o-pulvero: flowers of s.; -izar, -agar: to sulphurize; -eyo, -jac-eyo, min-eyo: s. mine; -at-acido: sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄); -ido: sulphuret; -ito: sulphite; -ito-acido: sulphurous acid (H₂SO₃). — EFIS
  • sulk-o (also fig.) furrow (as made by plow); ship’s track; -izar: to furrow; roto- -o: wheel rut. — IS
  • sultan-o sultan; -ino: sultana. — DEFIRS
  • sultanen-o sultana (dried white seedless grape). — DEI
  • sum-o (math.) sum, amount, total; (cf. toto, agreg-ajo); -o totala: s. total; -e: (fig.) finally, on the whole, after all; -igar: to sum up, cast up, totalize; -igo: summing up. Def.: Rezultajo di la adiciono di plura nombri o quanti. Ex.: La sumo di la unaji. Sumigar du nombri. — DEFIRS
  • sumak-o (bot.) sumac (-tree) (genus: Rhus). — DEFIRS
  • sumari-a (adj.) summary. Def.: Dic-esas pri agi facita rapide, sen tempo-perdo o neutila formulaji. Ex.: Sumaria judiko.
  • Sumatra Sumatra.
  • sumn-ar (tr.) to summon, call authoritatively upon; -o: summons, Def.: Demandar impereme o postular segun yuro e legala formi. Ex.: Sumnar debanto pagar. Sumnar fortreso kapitulacar. — EF
  • sun-o sun; (fig.) sunlight; -ala: solar; -oza: sunny; -frapo: sunstroke; -floro: (bot.) sunflower (genus: Helianthus); -horlojo: sun-dial; para- -o: parasol; -brul-ita: sunburned. — DE
  • sundi-o Sunday (cf. sabato); palmo- -o: Palm Sunday. — DE
  • su-ocid-ar (tr.) to commit suicide; -o: suicide; -into: a suicide.
  • suol-o sole (of boots, shoes) (cf. plando); a sort of horn under a horse’s hoof; -o ledra: leather sole; -izar: to sole; ri- -izar: to resole. — DEIS
  • sup-o soup; porridge; -uyo: s. holder, s. tureen; legum- o: vegetable s.; lakto- -o: milk porridge. — DEFIRS
  • supe-ar (intr.) to sup, take a (midnight) supper; (noktomezala) -o: (midnight) supper; -o santa: Holy Supper; (cf. dejunar, dinear). Def.: La repasto quan on facas cirkum o pos noktomezo ti qui vigilas, pos teatro, balo, festo, e.c. Ex.: Supear delikate (od, supeetar) pos l’opero. — DEF
  • super (prep., elevation) over, above (but not in contact with; cf. sur); (of degree) over, more than, greater than, superior to; -e: over, above (that); -a: higher, upper (cf. superiora); ucelo flugis super la domo: a bird flew over the house; super la suprajo: over the top; dek-e-kin gradi super zero: fifteen degrees above freezing point; il stacis supere: he stood above; -e dic-ita: aforesaid; -e nom-ita: above named; -a etaji: upper floors, stories above (cf. supra etajo); -a klaso: upper class; -a genio: superior genius; super-esar: to be over, overtop, surpass, have a superiority; -eso: highness, superiority (cf. superioreso); ica vino superesas ta: this wine is superior to (better than) that; la monto superesas (od, dominacas) la urbo: the mountain is above the city; supereso di kurajo: superiority of courage. V. exp.: vid. alta. Ant.: sub. — EFIS
  • super-aucion-ar (tr.) to outbid, bid higher than.
  • super-avanc-ar (tr.) to advance over; to overhang; (cf. saliar, super-pendar). Ex.: La muro super-avancas.
  • superb-a conceited, supercilious (cf. arog-anta); -eso: conceitedness: excessive self-esteem; -igar: to make (ulu) c., to puff up; -esar, -eskar: to be, become c. V. exp.: Superbeso produktas ecesiva su-estimo; vanitateso produktas deziro por l’aplaudo di altri; prezunto esas sufidego pri la imaginita posedo di ulo quon on fakte ne posedas; kp. fiera. Ant.: humila. — FIS
  • super-charj-ar (tr., also fig.) to overload, overburden. Ex.: Supercharjar kavalo, veturo, sua stomako, sua employati.
  • superfetacion-o (physiol.) superfetation. — DEFIS
  • super-flu-ar (intr.) to overflow; -o: overflowing; -ant-ajo: the overflow, waste; -o-tubo: waste pipe.
  • superflu-a superfluous; superogatory; -eso: (quality) superfluousness; -ajo: (object) superfluity; overplus, (work of) superogation. Def.: Qua esas troa. Ex.: Ornivi, regreti superflua. Superflueso de vorti. Esas superfluaji en ta verko. — EFIS
  • super-hom-a superhuman; -(ul)o: superman.
  • superior-a (social, hierarchical) superior; -(ul)o: superior; -eso: superiority. Ex.: La arki-episkopo esas la superioro di (od esas superiora ad) la episkopo, e do havas superioreso. V. exp.: vid. alta. Ant.: inferiora. — DEFIS
  • super-ir-ar (tr.) to go over, to rise above; (fig.) to surpass; -ar su: to surpass, outdo oneself. Ex.: Superirar la monto. Ca lernanto superiras (od, superesas) omna kunlernanti. Me superiris mea tasko.
  • superlativ-a superlative (degree, etc.); -o: (gram.) a superlative; (cf. extrema). — DEFIS
  • super-natur-a supernatural; -ajo: s. event.
  • super-nombr-a supernumerary (cf. supernumerario). Ex.: Havar fingro supernombra.
  • supernov-o supernova. — DEFIS
  • supernumerari-o a supernumerary; -eso: s. service or time; state of being a s. Def.: Employato quan on admisas exter rango, por vartar ordinara employo. — DEFIS
  • super-pas-ar (tr.) to rise above, surmount.
  • super-pend-ar (tr.) to hang over. Ex.: La roko superpendas la ravino.
  • super-poz-ar to superpoze: to lay upon (ulo ad, sur ulo).
  • super-preco higher price; (in selling) overcharge.
  • super-sens-a supersensible.
  • super-sign-o diacritic(al) mark; written or printed sign of accent (cf. acento); -izar: to mark with, add diacritics.
  • superstic-o superstition; -oza, -oz-(ul)o: superstitious (person). — EFIS
  • super-tax-ar (tr.) to overtax (cf. pluse-taxar).
  • super-varm-igar to overheat.
  • super-vid-o (rapid) survey, view; me havis nur supervido di la loko, di la afero: I had but a summary view of the place, but a faint knowledge of the matter.
  • supin-o (gram.) supine: verbal noun, similar to the English verbals in -ing. — DEFIS
  • suplant-ar (tr.) to supplant (a rival, etc.). V. exp.: B supleas A kande lu okupas la loko (ofico, funciono, rolo) di A nur provizore, ne kun la sama yuri o grado. B suplantas A kande lu privacas A de lua loko por remplasar lu permanante; kp. Substitucar. — EFIS
  • suple-ar (tr.) to supply: make up, make good (the defficiency), furnish (what is wanted); to take the place of, the duty of (temporarily); -anto: substitute, assistant, deputy. Ex.: Lua laborego supleas (E. makes up for) (manko di) talento. Cadie Sro. X. supleos vu. V. exp.: vid. suplantar. — EFIS
  • suplement-o (also math.) supplement; -a, -ala: supplementary, additional, extra; -e: in addition, by way of s.; -o di angulo: s. of an angle: the quantity by which an arc or an angle falls short of 180°. Ex.: Suplemento di (ad) libro. Suplementala pago, preco, kusto. — DEFIS
  • suplik-ar (tr.) to supplicate, humbly beseech, entreat, beg (ulu pri, por ulo). Def.: Pregar ulu kun insistemeso e submiseso. V. exp.: vid. implorar. — EFIS
  • suport-ar (tr., lit. and fig.) to support: bear the weight of; (cf. sustenar, tolerar); -ilo: a support, prop; -anto: (person) supporter, upholder. Ex.: La pilastri qui suportas la vulto esas suportili. Suportar la spensi di familio. Suportar (E. bear) la koldeso, la doloro. Esar sen suporto, sen helpo, sen amiki. Suportanti di la guvernerio. V. exp.: Suportar esas portar kozo sen movo, tale ke ol ne falez; ma portar uzesas generale kun movo. Metafore, suportar uzesas en senco vicina di tolerar. — EFIS
  • supoz-ar (tr.) to suppose, assume (ulo, pri ulo); -o: (act) supposition; -ajo: supposition, assumption; -ebla: supposable; -ite ke: on the supposition that; -ez ke: let us suppose that; en omna -o: however it may be. Def.: Admisar kom hipotezo; imaginar ulo kontre la vereso. Ex.: Supozar ulo neposibla. To esas riskema supozajo. — EFIS
  • supozitori-o (med.) suppository. — DEFIS
  • supr-e on top, overhead, above, aloft, on high; upwards, upstairs (cf. supere); -a: top, of or relating to what is highest up in space or degree; -ajo: highest part, top (cf. somito); il esas ibe supre: he is up there; irar ad-supre: to go to the top, to go up; supra etajo: top or highest floor; -(eg)a povo, autoritato: supreme power, authority; la supro (geometrical sense, or, suprajo: material part) di la monto: the top of the mountain. V. exp.: vid. alta. Ant.: infre. — L
  • supres-ar (tr.) to suppress, do away with; -o: (act) suppression; -ajo: what is suppressed. Def.: Impedar existar o (jurnali, e.c.) aparar. Ex.: Supresar sedicio, libro, imposto. Supreso di pruvo di krimino. V. exp.: vid. abolisar. — EFIS
  • supriz-ar (tr.) to surprise, take by s., take unawares, to come or fall upon suddenly and unexpectedly, overtake suddenly; (cf. astonar, kaptacar); -o, -eso: (act, state) surprisal, surprise; unawareness; -e: by s.; -anta: surprising. Ex.: Surprizar furtero, la enemiko. Mi-voye la pluvo surprizis ni. Li timas surpriz-atako da la enemiko. Donar surpriz-buxo a la puero. — EFIS
  • sur-o calf (of the leg). — L
  • sur (prep.) on, upon: above and in contact with the upper part of something; resting on the top of (cf. super, an); (arith.) divided by; -a: upper (cf. supera); ad-sur: onto (with motion); sur la tablo: on the table; navo sur la maro: ship on the sea; sur la rivero, la strado: on the river (itself) on the street (itself); (N.B. not on the bank of the river or the side of the street, an); saltar ad-sur la lito: to jump onto the bed; sura etajo: the floor (just) above; non sur tri facas tri: 9÷3 = 3. Def.: Plu alta kam ula objekto e kontaktanta. V. exp.: vid. alta. Ant.: sub. — FIS
  • surd-a deaf; -(ul)o: a d. person; -eso: deafness; -igar: to deafen (ulu); (fig.) stun (with noise); -eskar: to become d.; -a-mut-a, -(ul)o: deaf and dumb (person); simular surdo: to make-believe to be d., to turn a d. ear to; -ega, stone surda: stone-deaf, deaf as a post. — EFIS
  • sur-dento tooth grown over another, projecting tooth.
  • sureal-a surreal. — DEFIS
  • surfac-o surface, outside; (fig.) appearance; (cf. areo); -ala: superficial: relating to the s.; (fig.) specious (plan, judgement, reasoning; cf. ne-profunda, ne-serioza); -ale judikar: to judge superficially, by appearance; suface flotacar: to float upon the s. Def.: La suprajo, la exterajo di ula korpo. Ex.: La surfaco di la tero. Vunduro surfacala. — EFIS
  • Surinam Surinam.
  • surjet-o (of seams) whip-stitch, over-cast(ing). — FI
  • sur-kalz-o over-stocking, -hose.
  • sur-kresk-ajo outgrowth, excrescence, proturberance.
  • surkrut-o sauerkraut. Def.: Kaulo fermentacinta.
  • sur-manik-o over-sleeve.
  • surmen-ar (tr.) to overdrive, drive beyond one’s strength, overtax, overstrain (super-charjar, fatigar). Ex.: Surmenar kavalo. Surmenar sua forteso per laborado, sua mento per studiado. — F
  • surmulet-o (ich.) surmullet, red mullet (Mullus Surmuletus). — DEF
  • sur-nom-o surname, family name; -acho: nickname, sobriquet; -izar: to surname. Ex.: Il surnomizis Simon kom Peter, t.e. kom Simon Peter.
  • surogat-o (of things) substitute: that which is put in place of another thing; (med.) succedaneum; -a: substitute. V. exp.: vid. substituto. — DEIR
  • surplis-o (priest’s) surplice. — EFS
  • sur-poz-ar (tr.) to put (ulo) on (ulo).
  • sur-ren-a (anat.) suprarenal.
  • sur-shu-o overshoe.
  • sur-skrib-o, -uro superscription, inscription.
  • surtut-o (long) overcoat, greatcoat, surtout. — EFIS
  • survey-ar to keep an eye on, superintend, look after, watch over, inspect; -(ad)o: supervision, superintendence, oversight, surveillance; -anta, -ema: superintending, watchful, vigilant; -anto, -ero, -isto: inspector, overseer, superintendent. Def.: Sorgar afero, tasko, ulo, kun partikulareso e autoritato. Ex.: Generalo devas surveyar omno. Surveyar la afero e la laboristi en fabrikerio. Surveyar la konduto di ulu. Surveyo di lernanti o karcerani. — EFI
  • suskript-ar (tr., intr.) to subscribe: contribute a definite sum to an undertaking; (cf. signatar, subskribar); -o: subscription: act of contributing (N.B. not to a newspaper, cf. abono); the consent in writing; -ajo: subscription: amount contributed. Ex.: Me suskriptas cent franki kom yarala kontributo ad ca entraprezo. Me abonas ta revuo ed anke suskriptas pekunio por la mantenokaso. — DEFIS
  • suspekt-ar (tr.) to suspect: hold in suspicion, to distrust; doubt the hono(u)r, fidelity or sincerity of; to imagine guilty; (cf. des-fidar, konjektar); -o: suspicion; -eskar: to grow suspicious; igar ulu suspekt-inda, suspekt-igar ulu: to cause (ulu) to be suspected, to cast suspicion on (ulu); -ema: (tendency) suspicious, mistrustful; -ebla, -inda: suspicious; -indo: a suspect. Ex.: Suspektar ulu pri krimino, pri herezio. Ta suspekto esas male fondita. Lu mem suspektas sua amiki. — EFIS
  • suspend-ar (tr., phys. sense) to suspend, hang up: fix (ulo) on high and leave hanging; (cf. pendar, akrochar); -o, -eso: suspending, suspension; -anta: hanging; (med. etc.) suspensory; ponto -ita: suspension bridge. Ex.: Suspendar (od, pend-igar) lampo de la plafono. Pulvero suspendita en liquido. — DEFIS
  • suspens-ar (tr.) to suspend (functionaries, judgement, privileges, work) (cf. suspendar, halt-igar, interruptar). Def.: Revokar dum tempo.
  • suspension-o suspension (of a vehicle, etc.) — EFIS
  • suspensori-o (surg.) suspensory (bandage). — DEFIS
  • susten-ar (tr., phys. and fig.) to sustain, bear, uphold; prevent from falling (cf. sub-tenar, suportar, mantenar, helpar, defensar); -ilo: stay, prop; -o-muro: retaining wall; -o-stango: sustaining rod, prop. Ex.: La fundamento sustenas la edifico. Sustenar sua reputo, entraprezo. — EFIS
  • sustracion-ar (tr., arith.) to subtract, deduct (ulo, de ulo). Ant.: adicionar. — DEFIS
  • sustrakt-ar (tr.) to abstract, appropriate (fraude); purloin, steal, embezzle (money, etc.). Def.: Deprenar o furtar ulo per habileso o per fraudo. — FIS
  • susur-ar (tr., intr.) to whisper, murmur or mutter (words); (fig.) to whisper, sough (of the wind); -(ad)o: whisper(ing), speaking under the breath; -anta, -ema; -anto, -emo: whisper-ing, -er. Def.: Parolar nelaute; (fig.) facar duranta nelauta bruiso, ex, ‘la vento susuras en l’arbori’. — FI
  • sut-ar (tr.) to sew, stitch; -(ad)o, -uro: sewing; seam; (surg.) suture; -o-mashino: sewing machine; -ist-ino: seamstress; -o-korbo: sewing-basket. V. exp.: vid. stebar. — EFI
  • sutan-o (R.C.) soutane, cassock. — DEFIS
  • su-ten-o carriage (of the body).
  • suvenir-o souvenir. Def.: Objekto, donacajo qua memorigas ulu, qua igas pensar ad antea evento o periodo. — EFR
  • suveren-a, -o sovereign; (cf. supr-ega); -eso: sovereignty. Ex.: Autoritato suverena. En demokratio, la populo havas la suvereneso. — DEFIS
  • suzeren-a, -o suzerain, lord paramount. — DEFR
  • swabr-o (nav.) swab; -agar: (tr., intr.) to swab (the deck); kauchuka -o: squeegee. — DER


T

  • ta, -o (pl. ti) abbreviation of ita, iti.
  • tabak-o tobacco; -uyo, -buxo, -sako, -poto: t. holder; -vend-eyo: t. shop; sniflar -o: to take snuff; sniflo- -o: snuff; tobako-snifl-edo, -ajo: a pinch of snuff. — DEFIRS
  • taban-o (ent.) ox-fly, gad-fly, breeze (Tabanus). — IL
  • tabel-o a flat surface for writing, painting, drawing, etc., hence that which is thereon: table (of contents), list; -o di konten-ajo: table of contents; -o logaritm-ala: logarithmic table; kronologi-ala -o: chronological table; nigra -o: blackboard; -o vakua: ‘tabula rasa’: a blank tablet; la lego- -i: tables of the law; honor- -o: roll of hono(u)r; -eto: tablet, V. exp.: Tabelo esas omna plata surfaco, qua expozesas a la vido e montras ulo; ne nur la tabelo di materii di libro, ma omna kadro, en qua on expozas nomi od irgaspeca objekti; la nigra tabelo, sur qua la matematikisti skribas; do anke la pikturi, segun quante li esas movebla (ne adheranta a muro, ma pendita e kadrizita). Tabulo esas surfaco plana e horizontala, qua dividas armoro, biblioteko, e.c. e servas por suportar kozi. Ol esas generala ek ligno; ma quale sempre, lua skopo multe plu importas kam lua materio. Tablo anke esas plano horizontala, ma suportata da la sulo, kontre ke tabulo esas parto di moblo, e generale diplasebla vertikale. — DEFIRS
  • tabernakl-o (Hebrew hist.) tabernacle, tent for ark of covenant (R.C. rel.) receptacle of the consecrated vessels; (fig.) holy place; -o-festo: feast of the tabernacles. — DEFIS
  • tabl-o (furniture) table; -o-tuko: t. cloth; garnisar la -o: to lay, set the t.; sidar an -o: to sit or be at the t.; labor- -o: work t.; ludo- -o: play-(card-) t.; komuna (od, gasto-) -o: ‘table d’hôte’. V. exp.: vid. tabelo. — EFI
  • tabler-o dashboard, dash (of motor car). — FS
  • tabu-o taboo, tabu. — DEFIRS
  • tabul-o shelf (for books, etc.); -aro: shelving; marmora-o: marble slab; -eto de chokolado: cake (slab) of chocolate, V.exp: vid. tabelo. — FIS
  • taburet-o stool: small seat without back (cf stulo); -o plan-ala: music s.; pedo- -o: foot s. — DFRS
  • tac-ar (tr., of persons) to say nothing about, pass (ulo) over in silence, not to say (ulo); (intr.) to be silent: not to speak, to hold one’s tongue; -igar: to silence, hush (ulu), to reduce (ulu) to silence; -o: silence, hush; -ata, -ita: tacit, implied; -era: taciturn, silent (person); -er-eso: taciturnity; tac-ez: be silent; hush! Ex.: Uli parolis, uli tacis. Tacigar la pueri. Lu tacis (pri) lua aferi. Tacar la vereso (E.: to preserve silence concerning the (whole) truth, the full facts). V. exp.: vid. silencar. — EFIS
  • taft-o (fabric) taffeta; gum- -o: adhesive (sticking) plaster. — DEFIRS
  • tag-o tag: a metallic point at the end of string; tag (of lace); -izar: to tag (lace, etc.) i.e. fit with a point; -o-kordono: aiguilette (as worn by the military, on livery of servants).
  • tak-o (nav.) cleat. Def.: korpo T-forma, fixigita per la bazo di la T: ol utilesas ex. por ligar la navi per kordo (amari). — FI
  • takigenez-o (biol.) tachygenesis. — DEFIS
  • takigraf-ar (tr.) to tachygraph: write in shorthand; -o: tachygraphy: stenography (especially of the ancient Greeks and Romans). — DEFIS
  • takimetr-o tachymeter, tachometer: instrument for measuring velocity, speed-indicator, -meter. — DEFIRS
  • takimetri-o tachymetry. — DEFIRS
  • takt-o (phys.) sense of touch, feeling; (fig.) tact: nice discernment of what is fit, proper; -oza: tactful. — DEFIRS
  • taktik-o tactics, generalship; -ala: tactical; -isto: tactician. — DEFIRS
  • taktism-o (biol.) influence exerted by certain substances upon development of unicellular organisms. — DEFIS
  • tal-o (bot.) thallus. — DEFIS
  • tal-a such, like: of that kind; -e: so, in such a manner; e ke: (conj.) so that, in such a way that; -maniere: thus, so, in such a way; -a quala: such as; quala patro, tala filio: like father, like child; il esas tala, quala il esas olim: he is as he always was; e tale pluse: and so on; metar la shui tala quala li esis: to put on the shoes (in the condition) as they were (then). Ex.: Tala konduto esas netolerebla. Viro tala kam me. Lu parolis tal-maniere ke me kredis lu. — FIS
  • talasemi-o thalassaemia. — DEFIRS
  • talent-o talent; -oz-a, -(ul)o: talented (person). — DEFIRS
  • tali-o (chem.) thallium. — DEFIRS
  • tali-ar (tr.) to cut (out), carve, trim, prune (so as to give a certain form to), to shape (cloth, wood, metal, ivory, etc.); -(ad)o, -uro: shaping, cut. Def.: Donar ad objekto specala, definita formo segun ula reguli o por ula skopo. — EFIS
  • talion-o (jur.) retaliation (cf. reprez-alo); lego di -o: law of retaliation (lex talionis).
  • talior-o tailor; -o por mulieri: a woman’s t.; -ino: tailoress. — EFI
  • talisman-o talisman; lucky piece; -persono: mascot (person). — DEFIRS
  • talk-o (min.) talc. — DEFIRS
  • talofit-o thallophyte. — DEFIRS
  • talon-o heel (of foot, of shoe); (fig.) anything heel-shaped; as, heel of a keel, of a pipe, etc.; -alo: h.-piece; -ecitar: to urge (a horse) with the h.s. — DFIS
  • talp-o (zool.) mole (genus: Talpa); -chas-isto: m.catcher; -tumul-eto: m.-hill. — FISL
  • talus-o a slope, declivity; (of R.R.) embankment; (fort.) talus; -a, -e: sloping, shelving; -igar: to slope (ulo): -a rivo: steep bank, bluff. — DEFS
  • talveg-o (physiog.) thalweg: a line following the lowest part of a valley, whether underwater or not; a line of continuous maximum descent from any point on a land surface, or that cutting all contours at right angles (Webster), (gen.) river bed. — DEFI
  • tam (adv.) as (much, etc.; comparative sense; followed by adjective, adverb, or kam); tam...kam: as....as; tam richa kam: as rich as; tam longe kam: as long as (followed by a verb); tam ofte kam: as often as (followed by verb). Ex.: Lu havas tam multa libri kam vu; Me savas to tam bone kam vu. Li esas tam simila kam du pizi. Tam longe kam il vivas. Tam fore kam on povas vidar. — L
  • tamarind-o (fruit) tamarind; -iero: t. tree (genus: Tamarindus indica). — DEFIRS
  • tamarisk-o (bot.) tamarisk (genus: Tamarix). — DEFIRS
  • tambur-o drum; -ego: a big d.; -agar, -plear: (tr., intr.) to d., beat the drum; -(ag)isto: drummer; -estro: drum-major; mi- -o: tambourine: shallow drum with bells (cf. tamburino). — EFIRS
  • tamburin-o tambour: a small and long snare drum. V. exp.: mi-tamburo.
  • tamen (conj.) yet, however, nevertheless, still. Ex.: Lu ne esas bona, tamen me helpos lu. Quankam la pueri ne esas sempre jentila, tamen omna bon-kordia homo esas atraktata a li. — L
  • tamp-ar (tr.) to tamp (as with a hammer), to ram (as with a pile-driver, rammer). — E
  • tampon-o stopper, tampon: plug of cotton, wood, metal, etc.; (artil.) tampion; (cf. stop-ilo); -izar: to plug (ulo) with a tampon, to stopper. — DEFIR
  • tamtam-o tam-tam, tom-tom; gong. — DEFIR
  • tan-o tan: tanner’s bark; -agar: (tr.) to tan; -ag-erio: tannery. — EF
  • tanacet-o tansy. — I
  • tandem-e in tandem: in single line (not abreast): -veturo: carriage with horses in tandem; -biciklo: tandem bicycle. — DEFI
  • tang-ar (intr., nav.) to heave, pitch: rising and falling of bow and stern of ship or boat; -(ad)o: pitch(ing). — F
  • tangent-a (geom.) tangential; -o: tangent (line); -eso: tangency (cf. kontakto-punto). — DEFIRS
  • tanin-o (chem.) tannin, tannic acid. — DEFIRS
  • tank-o tank; (fig., milit.) tank. Def.: Vazo metala klozita o klozebla hermetike (ne kuvo qua esas apertita a l’aero). — DEFS
  • tant-a (quantifying adjective-pronoun) so (great, much, good, etc.); indicates an indefinite or great quantity, degree, number; pl: so many; (cf. quanta, tam); -e ke: (conj.) so much that (N.B. Note the use of ke, not kam after tante); -esma: proportional; -imo: proportional part; tanto po persono: so much per head, per person); -e plu bone ke: all the better because; -e ofte: so often; -e multa soldati: so many soldiers; -e longe ke: so long that; -e ofte ke: so often that; -e plu...ke: the more so as; -e plu...quante plu: so much more as; me esas tante malada ke: I am so sick that; -e min...quante min...: so much less than. Ex.: Nultempe me vidis tanta homi. Tanta galanteso, tanta esprito esas bona signi. Me tante amis el ke...Ne kurez tante rapide. Ube vu restis tante longe hiere vespere? — FIS
  • tantal-o (chem.) tantalum. — DEFIRS
  • Tantal-vazo Tantalus cup.
  • Tanzani-a Tanzania. — DEFIRS
  • tap-ar (tr., tech.) to (screw-) tap (for insertion of screw or making thread for putting on a nut), to worm; -ilo: tap-borer, screw-tap. — E
  • tapet-o tapestry: woven hangings for walls; -izar: to hang (ulo) with t.; -ifar: to make t.; -papero: t. paper; -ledro: leather t. — DEFIS
  • tapioka-o tapioca. — DEFIS
  • tapir-o (zool.) tapir (genus: Tapirus). — DEFIRS
  • tapis-o carpet; cover for billiard table; -eto: small c.; rug; cloth for table, etc.; -isto: upholsterer; tablo- -o: (fancy) table-cover (cf. tablo-tuko); lito- -o: bedspread; -izar: to c. — DFIS
  • tapot-ar (tr., tech., med.) to percuss (as in massage); (gen. sense) to tap. — EF
  • tar-o (com.) tare: an allowance made for the weight of the container of goods; -mezurar: (tr.) to tare: ascertain the amount of tare in (ulo); sen- -a, -e: net (weight). — DEFIRS
  • tarantel-o (Italian dance) tarantella. — DEFIRS
  • tarantul-o (ent.) tarantula (genus: Tarantula). — DEFIRS
  • tard-a, -e late, tardy, belated, behindhand; -ema: (tendency) tardy; -esar: to be late, be behindhand; -igar: to retard, delay, put off, protract, spin out; -eskar: to become belated; get behindhand; -esk-inta: in arrears; plu tard-a, -e: later; -igar horlojo: to put back a clock; Ex.: Plu bona tarde kam nultempe. Tardesma frukto. La puero esis tarda. Me venos plu tarde. La horlojo tardesas (per kin minuti). Me kushas me tre tarde. La treno esas tardigita. Tardigar la pago (E. to get in arrears). Ant.: frua. — EFIS
  • tardigrad-a, -o tardigrade (animal): slow pacing. (Tardigrada).
  • tarif-o tariff; customs duty; -izar: to put a t. on (ulo). — DEFIRS
  • tarin-o (orni.) tarin: siskin, aberdevine (genus: Fringilla spinus).
  • tarj-o targe(t): species of shield or buckler. — DEFIRS
  • tarlatan-o (fabric) tarlatan. — DEFIRS
  • tarok-o (card game) taroc, tarot. — DEFR
  • tars-o (anat., zool.) tarsus; -ala: tarsal. — EFIS
  • tart-o (cook.) tart (cf. torto); krem- -o: cream t. Def.: Ronda, plata kukajo kovrita per kremo o frukto. — DEFIRS
  • tartan-o tartan (design). — EFIS
  • tartan-navo tartan.
  • tartan-stofo (fabric) tartan, plaid (as worn by the Scots).
  • tartar-o (chem.) tartar; tarter (of teeth); -acido: tartaric acid. — EFIS
  • Tartar-o (myth.) Tartarus.
  • Tartar-a Tartarian; -o: Tartar; -ia: Tartary.
  • Tartuf- ul)o: Tartuffe, a hypocritcal priest in Moliere’s ‘Tartuffe’; a hypocrite; -eso: hypocrisy; -ajo: a hypocritical act.
  • tas-o cup; -edo de kafeo: cup(ful) of coffee; kafe-taso: coffee-cup. — DFIS
  • task-o task, job; -o-labor-isto: jobber: worker by the job; laborar segun tasko: to work by the job, by the piece. — EF
  • Tasmani-a Tasmania; -ano: Tasmanian.
  • tast-ar (intr.) to feel one’s way, grope, fumble; -(ad)o: groping; -e, -ante: gropingly, tentatively. Ex.: On tastas en l’obskureso. Ciencisto qua tastas, en sua explori. — DFI
  • Tatar-o Tartar.
  • Tatari-a Tartary.
  • tatu-ar (tr.) to tattoo (the skin). — DEFIR
  • taumaturg-o thaumaturgist. — DEFIS
  • taumaturgi-o thaumaturgy. — DEFIS
  • taur-o (also atron.) bull; -o-kombato: b.fight. — FIS
  • tautokron-a tautochronous; (cf. izokrona); -o: tautochrone.
  • tautologi-o tautology. Def.: Ne simpla repeto, ma vana repeto di la sama ideo sub diversa formi. — DEFIRS
  • tavern-o tavern, public-house, wine-shop, pot-house, bar; -estro: t.-keeper, publican. — EFIS
  • tax-ar (tr.) to tax; assess (ulu, ulo); -(ad)o, -uro: tax(ation), toll, rate, assessment; -anto, -isto: assessor. Def.: Fixigar la quanto de imposto o kontributo quan on debas pri ulo. Ex.: Taxar lux-objekti. On evaluas la revenuo di ta sioro a 10,000 franki; ed on taxas ol a 400 franki, segun la proporciono di 4 po 100. V. exp.: vid. impostar, evaluar. — DEFR
  • taxi-o taxi. — DEFIRS
  • taxidermi-o taxidermy. — DEFIRS
  • taximetr-o taximeter. — DEFIS
  • taxus-o (bot.) yew(-tree) (genus: Taxus). — DL
  • tay-o waist: trunk of the body above the hips; -o tenua: slender w. — FIS
  • te-o (leaves and infusion) tea; -iero: t. bush; -uyo: t. holder, t. caddy; -krucho: t.pot; -asemblo, -partio: t. party. — DEFIS
  • teatr-o theater; theatre; -ala: theatrical; -ajo: play (at t.); -o-stroko: unforseen event (in a play); (fig.) striking event. — DEFIRS
  • tebaid-o desert, lonely solitude. V. exp.: Nomo (Thebaid) propra (geografiala) diveninta komuna per metaforo. — DFIS
  • ted-ar (tr.) to bore; (fig.) tire, weary (the spirit); -anto, -ero: tedious person, bore. Def.: Esar desagreabla ad ulu per neoportuna o tro longa agado od asisto (vizitanto tedis me); fatigar per repeto o per neinteresanta kozo (la koncerto, la spektaklo tedis me). (On povas esar jenanta e mem tedanta nevole e nekoncie). — EIS
  • teg-ar (tr.) to cover (a bed, a piece of furniture, etc.); to caparison; -ilo: cover (for bed, etc.), horse-cloth, caparison; -telo: cloth cover; tarpaulin. — L
  • tegul-o (roof-) tile; -izar: to cover (ulo) with t.s. — IL
  • tegument-o (anat., bot., and gen.) (in) tegument. — DEFIS
  • teism-o theism. — DEFIRS
  • teist-o theist. — DEFIRS
  • tek-o (bot.) teak-tree (genus: Tectona); -ligno: t. wood. — DEFIRS
  • teknik-o technic(s); -ala: technical. Ex.: La tekniko di la pikt-arto. Teknikala termini. — DEFIRS
  • teknologi-o technology. — DEFIRS
  • tekt-o roof; (of carriages, autom.) top; -ajo, -ero: roofing; -izar: to roof (a house, etc.); -o-kanalo: (eaves-) gutter. — FIS
  • tel-o linen cloth or fabric; -a tuko: linen sheet(ing); -izar: to mount, paste, sew, put (ulo) on cloth; gudro- -o: tarpaulin; metal- -o: wire-gauze; araneo- -o: spiderweb.
  • telefon-ar (tr.) to telephone (ulo ad ulu); (cf. telegrafar). — DEFIRS
  • telegoni-o (biol.) telegony. — DEFIS
  • telegraf-ar (tr.) to telegraph; (ulo ad ulu): (cf. radio-telegrafar); -(ad)o: telegraphing; -uro: (= telegramo) a telegram; -ilo: telegraph; -eyo, -kontoro: t. office; -ala: telegraphic; -isto: telegrapher. — DEFIRS
  • telegram-o telegram: telegraphic message (cf. telegraf-uro). — DEFIRS
  • telekomunik-o telecommunication. Def.: Ensemblo dil tekniki por trans-sendar informi ye disto (radio-komuniko, telegrafo, telefono, televiziono, tele-imprimo). — EFS
  • teleologi-o (philos.) teleology. — DEFIRS
  • telepati-o telepathy. — DEFIRS
  • teleskop-o telescope; -ala: telescopic; -umar: to drive together trains, etc., so that one or both slides over the other. — DEFIRS
  • televizion-o television — EFIS
  • telur-o (chem.) tellurium.
  • tem-o topic, subject, theme (treated of); traktar -o: to treat a subject; -o Latina: Latin exercise or theme; kompozar -o: to write a theme; temo di la konverso: subject of the conversation. — DEFIRS
  • temat-o (gram., mus.) theme; -ala: thematic. — DEFIRS
  • temerar-a, -o rash, reckless, foolhardy (person); -eso: temerity; -ajo: rash, venturesome act. — EFIS
  • temp-o time: part of duration (cf. foyo); (gram.) tense (of a verb); (mus.) tempo, time; -e: for the time, temporarily; -ala: temporal, temporary, transient; -ope: from time to time, now and then, at times; ta-tempe: at that time; nun-tempe: meanwhile; justa-tempe: at the proper time; on time; sam-tempe: at the same time, at once; irga-tempe: at any time (whatever); kelka-tempe: sometimes; nul-tempe: never; pasar la tempo oci-ante: to kill time; signo di tempo: sign of the times; qua tempo esas? what time is it? (cf. kloko). Ex.: Havar tempo (libera) por facar ulo. Selektar oportuna tempo. Pasar gaye la tempo. En la anciena tempo. Esar nun-tempa (od, moderna). — EFIS
  • temper-ar (tr., also mus.) to temper: moderate, allay, mollify; (cf. hard-igar); -eskar: to become temperate, moderate; -o: tempering, moderating; -em-eso: temperance, moderation. Ex.: La kolda aero temperas la varmeso. Temperar la acideso per sukro. Temperar (E. cool) la sango, la pasioni. Temperar la legi segun la tempo. — DEFIS
  • temperament-o (of persons) temperament; -o partikulara, singulara: idiosyncrasy. Def.: Stando fiziologiala, konstitucionala partikulare di la korpo. — DEFIRS
  • temperatur-o temperatureL degree of heat. — DEFIRS
  • tempest-ar (intr. of weather and fig.) to storm: blow with violence, blow a gale; (fig.) to make a great noise, rage, bluster (cf. furiar, bruisar); -o: tempest, gale, violent storm (with noise of elements) (cf. sturmo, uragano); -oza: tempestuous; (fig.) boisterous. Ex.: La vento tempestas. (fig.) Lu tempestis pri la konduto di sua pueri. Navo batita da la tempesto. Tempesti di pasiono. V. ex.: vid. sturmo. — EFIS
  • templ-o temple; -ano: member of a t.; (fig.) knight templar. — DEFIS
  • tempor-o (anat.) temple; -ala osto, -alo: temporal bone. — EFIS
  • temporis-ar (intr.) to temporize; -ema, -era; -emo, -ero: procrastinating, temporizing (person). V. exp.: La senco ne esas simple ajornar o vartar, ma plu komplexa: ajornar o tardigar ago, vartante okaziono oportuna. La tipo di temporisero esas Fabius Cunctator. — DEFIS
  • tempr-ar (tr.) to (paint in) distemper. — DEFIS
  • ten-ar (tr.) to hold, have hold of, hold on; to keep in a given situation or position; -ilo: handle; -ar ulu per la manuo: to hold someone by the hand; -ar ulu ye la brakio: to hold someone by (at) the shoulder; -ar libro en la manuo: to hold a book in the hand; -ar ridante sua kosti: to hold one’s sides laughing; -ar su per la pasamano: to hold (support) oneself by the railing; -ar su rekta: to hold oneself erect, stand straight; su-teno: bearing, carriage, appearance (of a person). — FIS
  • tenac-a (tech.) tenacious: strongly adhering or cohering; tough; (cf. persist-ema); -eso: toughness, tenacity. Ex.: Pecho, metalo, e.c. esas tenaca. — EFIS
  • tenali-o (hinged) pincers, pliers, nippers; -agar: (tr.) to use p. on (ulo); to hold (ulo) with p. V. exp.: vid. pinco. — FIS
  • tenar-o (anat.) thenar: ball of hand or foot. — EFIS
  • tench-o (ich.) tench (genus: Tinca vulgaris). — EFIS
  • tend-o tent; (of carriage) hood; -eto: small tent, awning, canopy, screen; erektar, establisar, stac-igar -o: to put up, pitch a tent; -aro: (collect.) camp. — EFIS
  • tendenc-ar (intr.) to tend: be directed to an object or purpose; be inclined, lead to; (cf. vizar); -o: (of motion) tendency; (mental) leaning, inclination; -anta, -oza, -ema: tending, inclined, biassed, prone, disposed. Ex.: La fairo tendencas adsupre, la stono adinfre. Ca malado tendencas a morto. Tendenco ad egoismo. — DEFIRS
  • tendin-o (anat.) tendon, sinew; (cf. ligamento); Akil- -o: t. of Achilles. — EFIS
  • tendr-o tender (of a locomotive). — DEFIRS
  • tenebr-o darkness, gloom: (pl., R.C. rel.) tenebræ; -oza: tenebrous: dark, gloomy; -o-epoko: dark ages. Def.: Manko di lumo; obskureso profunda; (fig.) nul-savo, nul-certeso. Ex.: tenebro di la nokto. Tenebro di nulsavo. Princo di tenebro. — EFIS
  • tener-a tender, susceptible to love or kindness, loving (person, heart); -eso: tenderness (of heart). — EFIS
  • tenes-o (chem.) tennessine.
  • teni-o tænia: tapeworm. — EFIS
  • tenis-o (lawn-) tennis; -(lud)ero, -isto: t. player; ludar -o: to play t. — DEFIS
  • tenon-o (carp.) tenon. Def.: Extremajo di peco ek ligno, metalo, e.c., qua eniras mortezo. — EF
  • tenor-o (voice and person) tenor. — DEFIRS
  • tens-ar (tr.) to stretch: draw in length; to strain, tense; (a gun) to cock; -ar su: to strain, stiffen oneself; -o, -eso: (act, state) stretching, strain, tension, tenseness (physical, mental, social); -ata: -ita: tense, strained; -anto: one who stretches; (anat.) tensor (muscle); -ilo: stretching instrument. Ex.: Tensar kordo, la fingri. Tenso di la muskuli, di la mento. Elektrala tenso. (fig.) To tensas la situeso. — EFIS
  • tensor-o (math.) tensor. — DEFIRS
  • tent-ar (tr.) to tempt, entice; -esar: to be tempted (facar, da); -o, -eso: temptation; -anta, -iva: tempting; -anto, -ero: temptor; -ant-ino: temptress. Ex.: Deo tentis Abraham. Me lasis me tentesar da glorio. Rezistar tento. Tenteso ridar. — EFIS
  • tentakul-o (zool.) feeler (of insects), tentacle. — EFIS
  • tenu-a tenuous, thin, spare, fine: thin and long; -eso: tenuity; -igar: to thin, make spare (cf. min-gros-igar); -igo: attenuation. Def.: Desgrosa; qua havas mikra periferio; qua havas nur la du dimensioni: dina e longa. Ex.: Tenua filo, vaporo, kolono, gambi, voco. V. exp.: vid. dika. Ant.: grosa. — EFIS
  • teodice-o (philos.) theodicy. — DEFIRS
  • teodolit-o (measuring instrument) theodolite. — DEFIR
  • teogoni-o theogony. — DEFIRS
  • teokrat-o theocrat. V. exp.: Ne partisano di la teokratio, ma chefo di teokratio; (cf. teokratio). — DEFS
  • teokrati-o theocracy; -ala: theocratic. — DEFIRS
  • teologal-a divine (virtue). Ex.: Fido, espero, karitato esas la tri teologala vertui. — FIS
  • teologi-o theology, divinity (doctrine); (cf. de-igo); -ala: theological: -isto: theologian, divine. — DEFIRS
  • teorb-o (mus.) theorbo, archlute. — DEFIRS
  • teorem-o theorem. — DEFIRS
  • teori-o theory; (cf. spekular); -a, -ala: theoretic(al); -e: theoretically; -isto: theorist; -emo: (tendency) theorizer. — DEFIRS
  • teozofi-o theosophy; -isto: theosophist. — DEFIRS
  • tepal-o (bot.) tepal.
  • tepid-a tepid, lukewarm; (fig.) indifferent; -ajo: something t. (as a tepid drink); -eso: lukewarmness; -eskar: to become t. V. Exp.: La radiko tepida esas necesa por indikar to quo ne esas kolda: varm-eta e kold-eta esas nejusta od neklara. La metaforal uzado di la vorti esas utila en etiko teologio. — EFI
  • teplic-o (for plants) hothouse, greenhouse conservatory. — R
  • ter-o earth (as a planet and as ground; cf. sulo, tereno); -a vazo: earthen vessel; -ala: earthly, terrestrial; -globo: terrestrial globe; -oza: earthy; -ajo, amaso: piece of e., object made from e., earhtwork; -aj-isto, -laboristo: e. worker; -ano: inhabitant of e.; (fig.) landholder; -izar, -plenigar: to cover, to fill (ulo) with e.; -plen-ajo: (fort.) terreplein; -ocilo, -tremo: e. shake, earthquake (cf. sismo); -truo: burrow; -etajo: ground floor (of a house); -pomo: potato; -hav-ajo: real estate; en-ter-igar: to inter, put in the e.; -venar: to (come to) land. — EFIS
  • tera- tera- (million million). — DEFIRS
  • terakot-o terra-cotta: baked clay; -ajo: a piece of earthenware. — DEFIRS
  • terapi-o (med.) therapeutics, therapy. — DEFIRS
  • terari-o terrarium. — DEF
  • teras-o terrace: raised bank; -tekto: flat roof (of a house); -igar, -izar: to t., to arrange in t.s. — DEF
  • teratogenez-o (med.) teratogeny. — DEFIS
  • teratologi-o teratology. — DEF
  • terbi-o terbium. — DEFIRS
  • terc-o (astron., math.) 1/60 of a second; (mus., cards, fencing) tierce. — DEFIRS
  • tercet-o mus., poetry) terzetto, trio; terza-rima. — DEFIR
  • tercian-a (febro): tertain (fever). — DEFIS
  • terciar-a (geol., med.) tertiary. — DEFIS
  • terebint-o (bot.) terebinth, turpentine tree (genus: Pistacia Terebinthus). — DEFIRS
  • teren-o terrain: small piece of ground, viewed as to its fitness for some purpose, as for a building, a battle, etc. — DEFIS
  • teriak-o (pharm.) theriac(a). Def.: Anciena medikamento kontre veneno. — DEFIRS
  • terier-o terrier (dog). — DEF
  • terin-o deep, earthen dish, tureen. — DEFI
  • teritori-o territory; -al-ano: (fig.) territorial: militiaman. — DEFIRS
  • termin-o (gram., math., log.) term (cf. periodo); boundary), boundary mark, landmark; (of R.R.) terminus; (gen.) the farthermost point; -aro: terminology; bounds (to which one may go); -ala: terminal; -izar: to bound, set bounds, set landmarks; komparo- -i: terms of comparison. Ex.: Teknikala, ciencala termini. Expresar su per justa termini. Esas interdikta forprenar la termini di ula domeno. Pagar debajo ante la termino. V. exp.: Termino ne esas limito (o frontiero), ma ulo (stono, stango, e.c.) qua indikas la limito. Ol ne esas extremajo, nam la termini esas sur omna lateri, e ne nur ye l’extremaji. La primitiva senco di la vorto esas la L. terminus, de qua venas la cetera, metafora senci (gramatikal, logikal, matematikal termino). L’antiqui deigis la Termini, e pro to la vorto restis en arkitekturo, por indikar mi-korpa statuo sur pilastro. Fine, la vorto terminus esas EF for indikar extremaji di fervoyal lineo. — DEFIS
  • termit-o (ent.) termite, white ant (Termes). — DEFRS
  • term-o, -i thermal (or, hot) spring or spa; -ala: thermal; -al-eso:quality, character of thermal waters. — DEFIS
  • termodinamik-o thermodynamics. — DEFIRS
  • termoelektr-o thermoelectricity. — DEFIRS
  • termograf-o thermograph. — DEIR
  • termokemi-o thermochemistry. — DEFIRS
  • termologi-o thermology: science or theory of heat. — DEFIS
  • termometr-o thermometer. — DEFIRS
  • termometri-o thermometry. — DEFIRS
  • termoskop-o thermoscope. — DEFIS
  • termotaktism-o thermotaxis. — DEFIS
  • termoterapi-o thermotherapy. — DEFIS
  • termotropism-o thermotropism. — DEFIS
  • ternar-a (math.) ternary. — DEFIS
  • ternion-o (math.) ternion, ternary: a form having three variables. — DEFIS
  • teror-ar (intr.) to be terrified, be frightened (cf. trepidar); -o: terror, fright; -igar: to terrify, scare, terrorize, dismay; -igo: terrorizing; -ig-anta, -iva: terrible, dreadful, awful, terrifying; -ismo: terrorism; -isto: terrorist. V.exp.: vid. pavorar. — DEFIS
  • terpentin-o abietine (resin); -oleo: oil of turpentine; (cf. terebinto). — DE
  • ter-pom-o potato; -o en shelo: p. with jacket on.
  • Tesali-a Thessaly; -ano: Thessalian.
  • test-o a witness; la testo donis sua atesto: the witness gave his testimony; prenar ulu kom testo: to take a person to (or, call a person as) witness; -esar: to be a witness (cf. atestar). — IS
  • testac-a testaceous: covered with hard shell; -o: t. animal. — DEFIS
  • testament-ar (intr.) to make one’s will; -o: testament, will; -ala: testamentary; -anto, -into: testator; -ala exekut-ero: executor of a will; mortar sen- -e: to die intestate (cf. intestata). V. exp.: vid. legacar. — DEFIS
  • testier-o head-stall (of a bridle).
  • testikul-o (anat.) testicle. — EFIS
  • testosteron-o testosterone. — DEFIRS
  • tetan-ar (intr., med.) to have tetanus, lockjaw; -o: tetanus; (cf. trismo). — DEFIS
  • tetraedr-o (geom.) tetrahedron. — DEFIS
  • tetragon-a, -o (geom.) tetragon(al). — DEFIS
  • tetralogi-o tetralogy. — DEFIRS
  • tetrark-o tetrarch; -io: (domain) tetrarchy; -eso: (office) tetrarchate. — DEFIRS
  • tetras-o (orni.) grouse (Tetrao tetrix).
  • teurgi-o theurgy. — DEFIRS
  • tex-ar (tr.) to weave (cotton, wool, etc.); -(ad)o: weaving; -uro: texture; -uro lana: wool fabric; -isto: weaver; -ala: textile; -ilo, mashino: loom. — EFIS
  • text-o text; -ala, segun texta: textual, word for word; segun texte: verbatim; (cf. vort-ope). — DEFIRS
  • tez-o thesis; proposition, theme supported by argument; undergraduate’s essay. — DEFIRS
  • tiar-o tiara. — DEFIRS
  • Tibet Tibet; -ano: Tibetan.
  • tibi-o (anat.) tibia, shin-bone. — EFIS
  • tif-o (med.) typhus (fever); -ala: t. (relating to the disease); -ika, -iko: (person) sick with t. — DEFIRS
  • tifoid-o, tifoida febro typhoid, enteric fever. — DEFIS
  • tigr- ul)o: tiger (Felis tigris); -ino: tigress. — DEFIRS
  • Tigre-ana Abyssinian language.
  • tik-ar (intr.) to have a local and habitual convulsive movement of the muscles (especially the facial muscles); (fig.) to have a bad habit, an ugly knack; (of a horse) to be vicious; -o: wry motion; bad habit. Ex.: Il tikas (od, havas la tiko) rodar sua ungli. — F
  • tiktak-ar (intr.) to go tic-tac, to tick (as a clock); -(ad)o: tick(ing). — DEFS
  • til (prep.) (of time) till, until; (in space) (un)to, as far as; til nun: until now; til-nuna: hitherto prevailing; til la fino: unto the end; til nova od, altra) imperi: until further (or, other) orders; til ke: (conj.) until (followed by verb); til la rivido: au revoir, until we meet again, goodbye for the present; il iris til Paris: he went as far as Paris (N.B. Il iris a Paris: might signify that he went in the direction toward Paris). Ex.: De la matino til la nokto. Til la fino di januaro. Me restos til ke vu retrovenos. Til nun la vetero esis sempre bela. Lu lektis til la fino di la libro. Lu akompanis me til la proxima strado. Siori X e Y intencas irar vers la sudo (od ad-sude). Sioro X iros til Paris e Sioro Y a (od, til) Rom(a). V. exp.: Til indikas fakto, qua duras kontinue ante la instanto koncernata ed ankore en ta instanto. Ex.: ‘Il promisis venor ante dimezo, do me vartos il til dimezo.’ Til (en la tempo same kam en la spaco) indikas, ke on atingas la limit-punto indikata. Pro to: ‘me iris ad Paris’ diferas de ‘me iras til Paris;’. — E
  • «tilburi» (carriage) tilbury.
  • tili-o (bot.) lime(-tree), linden(-tree) (genus: Tilia). — FISL
  • tim-ar (tr.) to fear (or, to be afraid that) (or, lest) something may happen; to dread, be apprehensive; -igar: to cause to dread, make afraid; -o: fear, apprehension, misgiving, dread, awe; -e ke: for fear that; -anta, -oza: timid, timorous, fearful, apprehensive, cowardly; -inda, -enda: to be feared, dangerous, redoubtable, formidable; -ante ke: for fear that, lest; sen-tima: with assurance, confidence; la timo a la puniso: the dread of punishment; pro timo ad: for fear of; me pavoris pro timo a morto: I was frightened by the fear of death. V. exp.: vid. pavorar. — EFIS
  • timbal-o timbal, kettledrum. — EFIS
  • timbr-o (of a clock) clock-bell; a hand bell (such as used on tables, without a loose clapper but struck by a hammer as in a clock). — FS
  • timian-o (bot.) thyme (genus: Thymus). — DEFIS
  • timid-a timid: not bold; bashful, shy; -eso: timidity; -igar: intimidate. Ex.: Timida mulieri, infanto. Ant.: audac-oza, brava. — EFIS
  • timon-o (single) pole, shaft (of a cart). V. exp.: vid. brankardo. — FIS
  • timpan-o (anat.) tympanum: drum of ear; (arch.) tympanum; (mus.) dulcimer. — EFIRS
  • timus-o (anat.) thymus (gland); -bov(yun)o: (calf’s sweet-bread). — DEFIS
  • tin-o tub, water-cask; firkin (for butter). Def.: Speco de vazo konstruktita quale barelo, ma apertita. — DFIS
  • tindr-o tinder, punk, amadou; -fungo: agaric, touch-wood. — DE
  • tine-o (ent.) moth (family Tinea). — FISL
  • tini-o (med) ringworm, especially of the scalp; scald-head; favus; tinea capitis. — FISL
  • tinkl-ar (intr.) -igar: (tr.) (lente) to toll: sound a bell slowly; -etar, tinklar dolce: to tinke, jingle, clink (as small bells, money); to patter (as feet, sleet against the window, etc.). — EFI
  • tinlaur-o (bot.) laurestine (Viburnum tinus).
  • tint-ar (tr.) to dye; (fig.) tint, tinge, stain (cf. kolor-izar); -(ad)o: dying; -uro: dye, colo(u)ring, tint; -ivo: (substance) dye; -isto: dyer; ne-tint-ita: untinted, of natural colo(u)r. Tintar rede la tuko. La cielo tintas blua la maro. Tintar la manui per sango. — DEFIS
  • tip-o (print., med., nat. hist.) type; (of measures, weights) standard, model; symbol; -a, -ala, -atra: typical. Ex.: Lu esas homo segun la Angla tipo. La paskala agnelo esas la tipo di Jesu Kristo. La tipala traiti di la flava raso. — DEFIRS
  • tipul-o (ent.) tipula: crane-fly, daddy-long-legs (genus: Tipula). — EFISL
  • tir-ar (tr.) to draw, pull, tug; (of chimneys) to draw; (cf. tranar, haular, vindar, tensar, cherpar, extraktar); -etar: to twitch; -(ad)o: pulling, drawing, towing; draught (of chimneys); -esforco: drawing power, traction; -kordon-o: draw-string; -kordo: tow-rope; -kesto: drawer; -kest-aro: chest of drawers; ek-tirar: to put out, pluck out; tir-kavalo: draught horse: kork-tir-ilo: corkscrew. Ex.: Kavali tiras veturi. Ektirar l’espado, sua horlojeto. — FIS
  • tirad-o (lit. and fig.) tirade. Def.: Teknikal termino di teatro: longa peco (generale brilanta od eloquenta), quan un persono dicas sen interrupto. — DEFS
  • tirali-ar (intr.) to engage in desolutory firing; to bang away; to skirmish fire; -ero: (F.army) tirailleur; a soldier placed so as to harass the enemy; sharpshooter. — DF
  • tiran- ul)o: (also fig.) tyrant. — DEFIRS
  • tiritan-o (fabric) linsey-woolsey. — DFS
  • tiroid-a (glando, kartilago): thyroid. — EFIS
  • Tirol Tyrol; -ano: Tyrolese.
  • tirs-o (bot. and antiq.) thyrsus. — DEFIRS
  • tisu-o (anat., biol.) tissue. — EFI
  • titan-o (myth.) Titan; (-metalo) (chem.) titanium. — DEFIS
  • titil-ar (tr.) to tickle, titillate; -eso: t. sensation; -sent-ema: ticklish. — EFIS
  • titr-ar (tr., chem.) to titrate: determine the standard, the dosage of (a solution, a substance); -uro: standard of fineness (of coins, etc.). — DEF
  • titul-o title (of a book, article, person); -izar: to entitle: give a title to (cf. nomizar); -ier-a, -o: titular; nobeleso- -o: t. of nobility; -pagino: t. page; li titulizis il profesoro: they gave him the t. of profesor. V. exp.: vid. rubriko. — DEFIRS
  • tizan-o (med.) tisane: diet-drink, infusion, decoction (of herbs). — DEFIRS
  • toal-o towel. — ES
  • tof-o (min.) tufa, tuff. — DEFIRS
  • tog-o toga. — DEFIRS
  • Togo Togo, Togoland.
  • «toise» (an ancient F. measure) 6.39 ft.
  • tok-o toque: a flat cap; a close fitting bonnet; -o velura: velvet t.; chas- -o: hunting cap, jockey cap. — EFIS
  • tol-o sheet-metal; -if-isto: sheet-metal worker; fer- -o: sheet-iron; stal- -o: sheet-steel. — FIS
  • toler-ar (tr.) to tolerate, put up with, suffer, allow, bear, endure (ulo, de ulu); -ebla: tolerable, supportable; middling, passable (cf. pasabla); -ema: tolerant. — DEFIS
  • «tolle» outcry, hue and cry.
  • tom-o volume, tome; (cf. libro); -o-numer-izar: to number (into volumes); -o-numero: number of a volume. — EFIRS
  • tomagrafi-o tomography. — DEFIRS
  • tomat-o (fruit) tomato; -iero: t. plant; -sauco: t. sauce. — DEFRS
  • tomb-o tomb, grave, sepulcher (sepulchre); -ala: sepulchral; -ala petro: tombstone; familio- -o: family tomb or vault; -eyo: place of burial; graveyard, cemetry; -isto: grave-digger, sexton; -o mason-ita: vault (for dead). — EFS
  • tombak-o (metal.) tombac. — DEFIRS
  • tombol-o tombola: a kind of lottery. — DEFIR
  • ton-o tone, pitch (of voice) (mus.) tone; degree, pitch of sound; (med.) tone: condition of an organ; -ala: tonal; (mus.) tonic; -ala noto: (mus.) key-note; -izar: (med.) to give tone to; (photog.) to tone: bring as a print, to a required color (colour); -iz-ivo: (med.) tonic; (photog.) toning solution or reagent. Ex.: Altigar, basigar, chanjar la tono. Tono kordiala, iracoza. Ica medikamento agas kom tonizivo por la stomako, o donas tono a la stomako. On dicas, ke ula melodio, o muzik-peco esas skribita o kompozita en ca o ta tono. On kustumas indikar singla tono per lua fundamental sono. V. exp.: Muzikal tono ne esas un sono, ma esemblo de soni qui kompozas o povas kompozar melodio. — DEFIRS
  • tond-ar (tr.) to shear: clip from surface with shears, etc. (cf. rekortar); -(ad)o: shearing, clipping; -ajo: shearings, clipping(s), flock; -o-tempo: shearing time; -ero, -isto: shearer; -ilo: clipper, shears. — FI
  • tondr-ar (intr.) to thunder; (fig.) to inveigh (against); (cf. sturmo); -as: (impers.) it thunders; -o-strok-o: clap, peal of t. — DEFI
  • Tonga Tonga.
  • tonik-a (acento): (gram.) tonic (accent); -o: (mus.) tonic: keynote. — DEFIS
  • Tonkin Tong-king; -ano: (man) of Tong-king.
  • «tonneau» (autom.) tonneau: rear seat.
  • tonoplast-o (biol.) tonoplast. — DEFIS
  • tonsil-o (anat.) tonsil. — DEFIS
  • tonsilit-o (med.) tonsilitis.
  • tonsur-o tonsure; -izar: to give the t. to (ulu). — DEFIRS
  • tontin-o tontine. Def.: Sistemo di mutuala asekuro, inventita da Tonti (1653). — DEFIRS
  • top-o (nav.) top; -o granda: main. t.; -masto: t.mast; -seglo: t.sail; -isto: topman. — E
  • topaz-o (min.) topaz. — DEFIRS
  • topik-a, -o (medicine or treatment) applied to, or used for, a particular spot; (rhet., log.) general head; argument drawn from the several circumstances and places of a fact. Ex.: Remedio topika. Topiki da Aristoteles. — DEFIRS
  • topinambur-o (bot.) Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus). — DF
  • topografi-o topography. — DEFIRS
  • topologi-o (geom.) topology. — DEFIS
  • tor-o (arch., geom.) tore, torus. — DEFIS
  • torak-o (anat.) thorax: the chest; -ala: thoracic. — DEFIS
  • torch-o torch, link. — EFIS
  • tord-ar (tr.) to twist, wring, contort; (med.) to strain, sprain; (of wood) to warp; -(ad)o: twisting, wringing, torsion, sprain; -ita: twisted, wry, crooked; -ita gesto, posturo: contortion; -ar sua pedo: to sprain one’s foot, or, to twist one’s foot. — EFIS
  • toreador-o toreador; bull-fighter. — DEFIRS
  • torefakt-ar (tr.) to torrefy: to dry, parch, roast (by exposure to heat). Ex.: Torefaktar la kafeo-grani. — EFIS
  • torent-o torrent: rushing stream (of water, words, people, etc.); -ala, atra: torrential; lakrim- -o: flood of tears. — EFIS
  • torf-o turf; peat; -eyo: peat-bog. — DEFIRS
  • tori-o (chem.) thorium. — DEFIRS
  • torid-a (geog.) torrid; (cf. tropik-ala, varm-ega). Ex.: Torida zono. — EFIS
  • torment-ar (tr. also fig.) to torment: torture. — EFIS
  • tormentil-o (bot.) tormentil (Potentilla tormentilla).
  • torn-ar (tr.) to turn (in a lathe); -ilo: lathe. — FIS
  • tornasol-a (bot.) turnsole; -papero: litmus paper. — EFS
  • toron-o (nav.) strand (of a rope); (cf. brino). Def.: Una de la kordi, qui kuntordita kompozas plu grosa kordo. — FI
  • torped-o (explosive) torpedo; (ich.) cramp-fish, electric ray, torpedo(-fish); -agar: to t. (ulo); -navo: t.-boat; — DEFIRS
  • torpor-ar (intr.) to be benumbed, or in a state of torpor (as from cold); -o: torpidity, numbness; (fig.) dullness, inaction; (cf. letargio); -igar: to make (ulu) t. — EFIS
  • tors-o torso: trunk, chest, bust (of a person or statue). — DEFIR
  • torsad-o twisted fringe or cord; bullion (as of epaulets). — DF
  • tort-o pie (English sense) (cf. tarto); -uyo: p. dish; kolombo- -o: pigeon p. Def.: Alta, cilindrata kukajo plenigita per diversa (karnatra) manjaji kun sauco. — DFIRS
  • tortikol-o (med.) torticollis: rheumatic pain causing wry-neck; (fig.) stiff-neck, crick in the neck. — DEFIS
  • tortug-o tortoise, turtle (Chelonia); -skalio: t.shell. — EFI
  • Toskan-a Tuscan; -o: a Tuscan; -ia: Tuscany.
  • tost-ar (intr.) to give a toast (ad ulu), to drink a friend’s health; -o: toast(ing): drinking (ad ulu) the health, the prosperity. — DEFR
  • tot-a entire; whole (of one thing; cf. omna); -e: wholly, entirely; -o, -eso: totality, entirety, whole; -ajo: (objective) entity, entire thing; en-tote: on the whole, in the main; dum la tota nokto: during the whole night, throughout the night; me es tote vua: I am totally yours; tote sola: entirely alone; la toto esas plu granda kam una de la parti: the whole is larger than one of its parts; plura totaji tote distingata la una de la altra: several entire things quite distinct from one another; ne tote: not entirely (not quite); tote ne: not at all. — EFI
  • toxik-a (med.) toxic, poisonous; -o: a poison (cf. veneno); -eso: poisonousness. — DEFIRS
  • toxikoligi-o toxicology. — DEFIS
  • toxin-o toxin(e). — DEFIS
  • tra (adv. tra-e): through, across (noting passage or motion in crossing); irar tra la urbo, tra la pordo: to go through the city, through the door. V. exp.: tra, trans, trans-versa: Trans-irante la urbo, ni tra-iris turbo di la habitanti ante ke ni povis tra-irar la urbo-pordo qua jacis quale barilo transversa a ni voyo. E.: Crossing (to the other side of )the city, we had to pass through a crowd of the inhabitants before we could get through the gate of the city which lay like a barrier across our path. — FS
  • trab-o beam, girder; (-eto) joist, rafter; -izar: to line (ulo) with b.s; -apogar: to shore, to prop up; -aro: framework (of a building, ship). — ISL
  • tra-bor-ar (tr.) to bore through (as with a gimlet).
  • trac-o trace: mark left by foot of man or beast; track; footprint; (hunt.) trail; sequar (ulu) per la traci: to follow by the track; hike esas lua pedo-traci: here are his footprints. — EFI
  • tracion-o (R.R.) traction: locomotive power. — DEFIS
  • tradicion-ar (tr.) to transmit, hand down (ulo) by tradition; -o: tradition; -ala, ata, -ita: traditional; -al-ismo: traditionalism; -al-isto: traditionalist; -ar ula fakti: to hand down certain facts. Ex.: Ci esas la fakti traditionat a ni. Legi tradicionita. Tradicionala expozado di la santa skriburo. — DEFIRS
  • traduk-ar (tr.) to translate (ulo, de...ad); -o, -uro: (act, result) translation; -anto, -into, -ero, -isto: translator; -ebla: translatable; -endo: article, exercise to be translated; mis- -ar: to translate wrongly. Ex.: Tradukar artiklo de la Angla a la Franca. — FIS
  • tra-dukt-ar (tr.) to lead across, through; (an animal, a person).
  • trafik-o traffic: movement of persons, goods, etc. Def.: Movado o cirkulado en komunikilo (voyo, telegrafala lineo, e.c.). Ex.: La trafiko ye ca strad-angulo esas tre densa. — EFIS
  • tragakant-o (bot.) tragacanth (Astragalus); (cf. adraganto). — DEFR
  • tragedi-o (dramatic and fig.) tragedy; -ala, -atra: tragic; -isto: tragedian; tro tragedi-atre konsiderar ulo: to take a thing too seriously. Ex.: La tragedii da Cornielle. La milito esis tragedio. — DEFIRS
  • tragikomedi-o tragi-comedy. — DEFIRS
  • trahiz-ar (tr.) to betray, be false to; -o: betraying, treason; -anto, -into, -ero, -emo: betrayer, traitor; -ema: treacherous, perfidious; -ajo: act of treason; stato- -o: high treason; -e, -ante: treacherously. Ex.: Trahizar sua patrio, la fido di ulu. — EFS
  • train-o train (of army). — DEFIS
  • tra-ir-ar (tr.) to go, travel through (cf. trans-irar). Ex.: Trairar torento, lando, urbo, pordo.
  • trait-o feature (of the face), lineament; trait, characteristic; el havas mikra traiti: she has small features; to esas la traito karakteriziva di ta epoko: that was a characteristic (trait) of that age. — EFI
  • trajektori-o (ballistics) trajectory. — DEFIRS
  • tra-jet-ar (tr.) to traject (light); to throw (ulo) through or across.
  • Trak-a Thracian; -o: a Thracian; -ia: Thrace.
  • trak-ar (tr.)(hunt.) to drive game, to beat up (a wood); (fig.) to ferret out, close in on; hem in; cut off on all sides; -o: hunting out; -anto, -ero: a game driver, a beater; -ar la furteri: to hunt out, or close in on the thieves. V. exp.: Trakar indikas specala modo di chaso: on ne nur cirkondas e forpulsas la vildo, ma on kontinue diminutas la cirklo en qua ol esas enklozita, tale ke ol ne povas eskapar. Ica vorto esas tre expresiva ed energioza en metaforal uzo. — F
  • trake-o (anat.) trachea, windpipe. — DEFIRS
  • trakeit-o (med.) trachitis. — DEFIRS
  • trakeotomi-o (surg.) tracheotomy. — DEFIRS
  • trakit-o trachyte: a volcanic rock. — DEFIRS
  • trakt-ar (tr.) to treat: behave to, or toward (ulu); deal with; handle, discourse on (a subject); (chem.) to subject (ulo) to the action of; (N.B. not medical; cf. kuracar); -(ad)o: treatment: manner of acting; handling. Ex.: Traktar ulu quale o kom amiko. Trakto di problemo. — EFIRS
  • traktat-o treatise; -o pri kemio: t. on chemistry.
  • traktor-o tractor. — DEFIRS
  • traktric-o (geom.) tractrix. — DEFIS
  • tram-o tram-, street-car-rail; -voyo: tramway, street railway; -veturo: tramcar, street-car. — DEFIS
  • trampl-ar (intr.) to stamp (the feet); (of horses) to paw (the ground). Def.: Frapar la sulo per la pedi, sen avancar. Agitar la pedi pro nervozeso od altra sentimento: nepacienteso, iraco, e.c. — DE
  • trampolin-o spring-, leaping-board. — DFIRS
  • tran-ar (tr.) to draw, drag along, trail (ulo, dop su); -ar su: to creep along, crawl; -ajo: anything which drags; trail, train (of a dress); -ata voco: (fig.) dragging voice. Ex.: Elua robo tranesas. Du kavali tranis la glit-veturo. Tranado di la pedi. La chasero tranis su alonge la sulo por proximigar su ad la vildo. — EF
  • tranc-ar (intr., hypnotic, epilep.) to be in a trance or in a hypnotic state; -eskar: to go into a t. Def.: Esar en stando nekoncianta dum epilepsio, hipnoto, e.c. — DEFIRS
  • trancendent-a transcendent; -ala: (philos.) transcendental; -eso: transcendency. Ant.: iman-anta. — DEFIRS
  • tranch-ar (tr.) to cut (completely) through, cut off, carve (meat); (cf. de-tranchar); -(ad)o: cut(ting); -iva, -ema: tranchant; cutting, decisive (tone); -ilo: a cutting instrument, as a knife, etc.; -il-vendisto: edged-tool seller; -ant-ajo: edge of a knife, etc.; -ar la pako: (at play) to cut the cards; -ar la ligno, la pano: to cut wood, bread. V. exp.: Tranchar esas tra-sekar, separar en du o plura peci. Sekar esas agar per kultelo o simila instrumento, plu o min profunde; esas granda difero inter: me sekis....e me tranchis mea fingro. Incizar esas facar mikra e nur surfacala seko (precipio kirurgiala). Skarifikar (teknikal vorto) esas incizar la pelo por l’apliko di ventuzi. — EFIS
  • tranche-o (milit., tech.) trench; (drain-) ditch. — DEFR
  • tranquil-a (physical and mental) tranquil, quiet, still, not in motion; -eso: tranquility; -igar: to (make) still. Def.: Qua esas sen agitado. Ex.: Tranquila vicino, strado, infanto. Restez tranquila. V. exp. vid. kalma. — EFIS
  • trans (prep.) on the other side of, beyond, across, over (with or without motion); (cf. tra); -e: beyond; -a: which is on the other side; -ajo: object beyond or on other side; the hereafter; trans la rivero, la monto, la muro: on the other side of the river, the mountain, the wall; trans-oceana lando: land across the ocean; ni irez trans la rivero: let us go to the other side of the river. Ant.: cis. — L
  • transakt-ar (intr.) to come to terms, to compound, compromise (kun ulu, pri ulo); -o: compromise, adjustment; -ema: inclined to compromise. Def.: Konciliar deskonkordo per reciproka konceso. Ex.: Esas plu bona transaktar kam procesar. On devas ne transaktar kun sua honoro. — EFIS
  • trans-atlantik-a transatlantic.
  • transbord-ar (tr., nav.) to transship; -o, -ajo: (act, object) transshipment. Def.: (Trans-)portar personi od kozi de un navo (od, altra moyeni di transporto) ad altra. — FS
  • transept-o (arch.) transept. — DEFR
  • transfer-ar (tr.) to transfer (ulo ad ulu); (cf. transportar). Transfero di ula yuro ad altru. — DEFIS
  • transfigur-ar (tr., esp. rel.) to transfigure (cf. transformar). — EFIS
  • transfinit-a (math.) transfinite.
  • transform-ar (tr.) to transform (ulo ad ulo): to change the form of; -esar: to be transformed; -(ad)o, -eso: (act, state) transformation; -ismo: (biol.) transformism. — DEFIS
  • transformator-o (elec.) transformer, converter. — DEFIRS
  • trans-fugar (intr.) to desert (to the enemy); -anto, -into: deserter, turncoat, transfuge.
  • transfuz-ar to transfuse (blood, etc.) — DEFIS
  • Transilvan-a Transsylvanian; -o: a Transylvanian; -ia: Transylvania.
  • trans-irar (tr., intr.) to go across (to the other side), to traverse (cf. tra-irar); -ar rivero: to cross a river; streta voyo transiras la foresto: a narrow path lies across (or, crosses) the forest.
  • transit-ar (intr.) to be or pass in transit; -o: transit(ion); -ala: transient: relating to transit (cf. provizora, tempala); -iva: (gram.) transitive. Ex.: Komercaji transitas de una urbo ad altra. La transito de monarkio a republiko. Transitala komercajo. Verbo transitiva. — DEFIRS
  • translac-ar (tr., intr., mechan. and fig.) to move, shift (ulo) from one place to another; -o: translation: (mechan.) motion in which all points of the moving body have at any instant the same velocity and direction of motion. (Webster).
  • trans-loj-ar (tr., intr.) to move (from one house or apartment to another).
  • translucid-a translucent: transmitting light imperfectly, semi-transparent. Ex.: Vitro despolisita esas translucida. Ant.: opaka. — DEFIS
  • trans-migr-ar (intr.) to transmigrate: migrate from one country to another; (of souls) to undergo transmigration: the passing of a soul into another body.
  • transmis-ar (tr.) to transmit. Ex.: la nervi transmisas la impresi. Transmisar impero. Transmiso di lua vertui a lua filii. — DEFIS
  • transmut-ar (tr.) to transmute (ulo ad ulo). Ex.: L’alkemiisti probis transmutar matali ad oro. — EFIS
  • trans-ocean-a transoceanic.
  • transpar-ar (intr.) to shine (through), glimmer, be visible (tra, sub ulo); (cf. lumar); -anta: transparent; (cf. diafana). Ex.: Brilanta objekti transparas tra la vitro. Sun-radii transparas tra l’aquo. Roki sub l’aquo esas transparanta per la sun-radii (pro ke l’aquo esas diafana). — DEFIS
  • transparent-o (picture) transparency. — DEFIRS
  • trans-pas-ar (tr.) to go by or beyond (a place); to exceed (one’s strength, etc.).
  • transpir-ar (intr.) to transude, transpire, ooze out, exhale; (cf. exudar, sudor-ifar); (fig. of news) to transpire: be divulged, become known, leak out. Ex.: La humori transpiras tra la pelo. Gasi transpiras de korpi mortinta. Pos la recevo di ta telegramo, nula informo nova transpiris. — DEFIS
  • trans-plantac-ar (tr.) to transplant.
  • transport-ar (tr.) to transport, convey; -navo: t. ship; -ar su: to betake oneself , to proceed, repair (to a place). Def.: Portar komercaji, e.c. de un loko ad altra. — DEFIRS
  • trans-poz-ar (tr.) to put (ulo) in another place (further on), to displace; (mus.) to transpose.
  • trans-send-ar (tr.) to send (ulo) across, to forward (cf. transmisar). Ex.: transsendar letro de Francia ad Usa.
  • trans-skrib-ar (tr.) to rewrite (otherwise), to transcribe (as, from shorthand to longhand); (mus.) to write out; -o, -uro: (act, result) transcription.
  • transubstanci-ar (tr.) to transubstantiate; change into another substance; -o: transubstantiation (as, elements in the Eucharist). — DEFIS
  • Transval Transvaal; -ano: (man) of Transvaal.
  • trans-vars-ar (tr.) to decant: pour from one vessel to another; to pour off: (surg.) to transfuse (blood). V. exp.: vid. rakar.
  • transvers-a transverse; -al: athwart, running or lying across; -e: crosswise; -o: transversal (line, object), breadth; -a kuseno: bolster, long round pillow. Ex.: Transversa lineo, arterio, strado. — DEFIS
  • trans-viv-ar (tr.) to survive, outlive (ulu, ulo).
  • trap-o trap-door; (of gallows) drop; pitfall. — EFIS
  • trapez-o (gymnastics) trapeze; (geom.) trapezium; -ala osto: trapezium; -ala muskulo: trapezius. — DEFIRS
  • trapezoedr-o trapezohedron. — DEFIS
  • trapezoid-o (geom., anat.) trapezoid. — DEFIS
  • tra-pik-ar (tr.) to pierce, run through (as with a sword; cf. traborar). Ex.: La tunelo trapikas la monto. La pluvo ne povas trapikar la nepermeebla vesto.
  • tras-ar (tr.) to trace, draw: mark out, delineate, chalk out; -o, -uro: (act, result) tracing; laying out (of grounds, etc.); outline, sketch.
  • trat-ar (tr., com.) to draw (a bill of exchange) on; -o: draft, bill; -anto; drawer; -ato: drawee; alonjo- -o: allonge: rider to a bill of exchange; ni tratos vi per bilieto pos tri monati diskontenda da la diskontisti: we will draw on you a three months’ bill to be discounted by the bill-brokers. — DFIRS
  • traumat-o (surg.) traumatism. — DEFIRS
  • traur-ar (intr.) to be in mourning; -o: mourning (cf. chagreno); -ala vesto: m. dress; portar granda trauro: to be in full or deep m.; portar trauro pri ulu: to be (dressed) in m. for a person. — DR
  • trav-o trave: a frame to confine an unruly horse or ox while shoeing. — EFIS
  • tra-vad-ar (tr.) to ford, wade across.
  • trave-o truss (of a bridge); (arch.) bay (of joists); (of a church) triforium. Def.: Intervalo di du trabi, fosti, koloni, pilasti. (N.B. ne esas sempre apertita quale pordo o fenestro). — F
  • travers-o cross-bar, -piece, -beam, girder; (R.R.) sleeper; (fort.) traverse; -eto: bracket. V. exp.: Travers-eto esas stango horizontala, qua suportas tabuli di armoro, di biblioteko, e.c. — EFIS
  • travesti-ar (tr.) to disguise (by assuming the dress of a person of another sex or condition in life); (fig. burleske) to travesty; -ita, -ito: disguised (person); (cf. maskar, deformar, pariodar). Travestiar viro quale muliero, ula soldati quale rurani. — DEFI
  • tra-vid-ar (tr.) to see, look through at; -ebla: visible through (N.B. not transparent: diafana). Ex.: Me travidas la stoni di fundo, en l’aquo = me vidas la stoni di la fundo tra l’aquo.
  • tra-viv-ar (tr.) to live through (a period, events); to live to see (something happen).
  • tre (adv.) very; tre multa: very many, very much; tre granda: very great or large; tre forta: very strong. Ex.: Ca lando esas tre agreabla. To eventas tre rare. — F
  • tref-o (at cards) club(s). — DFR
  • trek-o trail: footpath, unfinished road; (of race-course) track; -o-jiro: winding of a trail.
  • trelich-o coarse sacking, sackcloth; denim, dungaree cloth. Def.: Speco de grosa tolo, qua uzesas nur por facar saki, ma anke (laborala) vesti. — DFI
  • trelis-o trellis-, lattice-work (of wood or metal) plaited wire-work; -igar, -izar: to trellis, to lattice. — EF
  • trem-(ad)ar (intr.) to tremble, shake, shiver, quake (de, pro); (of wings) to flutter; (cf. fremisar, trepidar); -et-ar: to quiver, shiver; (of music) to quaver; (of light) to flicker; -(ad)o: trembling, trepidation, tremor; -igar: to cause (ulu, ulo) to tremble; ter- -o: earth tremor (cf. ter-ocilo, sismo). Ex.: La tero trem(ad)is dufoye. Me trem(et)adis pro koldeso. Tremado di la manui, di la nervi. — EFI
  • trema-o dieresis. — DFS
  • tremol-o (mus.) tremolo. — DEFIRS
  • tremp-ar (tr.) to soak, steep, drench, wet (thoroughly) (ulo en ulo). Ex.: Trempar la pano en la vino. Trempar la linjaro. Trempado di la sulo per la pluvo. — F
  • tremul-o (bot.) aspen-tree, trembling poplar (Populus tremula). — FL
  • tren-o (R.R.) train. — EFIS
  • trepan-o (surg., instr.) trepan; (gen.) any boring instrument; -agar: to trepan; to bore; ligno- -o: auger; sul- -o: soil-borer. Def.: Omna instrumenti por borar o perforar (partkulare kirurgiala). — DEFIRS
  • trepid-ar (intr.) to shake, quiver, tremble; (cf. tremar). Ex.: La trepidado di korpo-membri, di la nervi. Vapornavo trepidadas pro la movado di sua mashinaro e la ondi. — EFIRS
  • tres-o tress, braid, twist; -igar: to braid, plait (cf. plektar); har-treso: tress of hair. — DEFIRS
  • tresay-ar (intr.) to give a start, be startled, (feel a) thrill (de, pro); -o: thrill, tremor, start; -ar pro joyo: to feel a thrill of joy. Ex.: La tondro-stroko donis tresayo a me. — FI
  • trest-o trestle, wooden horse: a horizontal piece with four legs serving as a support; easel; -o-ponto: trestlework bridge. — EF
  • trezor-o treasure; -eyo: treasury: place where t. is found; (R.C. rel.) place for relics and ornaments: (cf. kas-erio); -ifar (intr.), -igar (tr.) to treasure up, hoard up. Ex.: La trezori di la tero. Ca infanto esas trezoro. — DEFIS
  • tri three (for derivatives cf. du); -o: any three things or persons united; trio, triade, triplet, trey; -a-dek: thirty; tri-edro: (tri-edra-angulo): (geom.) trihedral; -yara: triennial; -esma lasta: antepenultimate; -uno, uneso: trinity; -opla krono: triple crown; -seko: trisection; tri-angul-o: (geom., mus.) triangle; tri-angul-iz-o, -uro: triangulation. — DEFIRS
  • trias-o (geol.) Trias, Triassic period.
  • tribon-o tribune: a Roman magistrate. Ex.: La tribono acensis sur la tribuno. — DEFIRS
  • tribu-o tribe. — DEFIS
  • tribul-ar (tr.) to cause tribulation to, to distress, afflict. Ta tempo tribulas nia psiki. La tribuli di autoro. — DEFIS
  • tribun-o (rostrum); grandstand (at races, etc.); orgeno- -o: organ loft. — DEFIRS
  • tribunal-o tribunal, court (of justice), bench, judgement seat; -o kriminala: criminal court, assize court. — DEFIRS
  • tribut-ar (intr.) to pay tribute (ad ulu); -o: t.; -anta (ad), -anto, -ero: tributary. Ex.: Tributar a Caesar. Ta lando esas tributanta ad Anglia. — DEFIS
  • triceps-o (anat.) triceps. — DEFS
  • tricikl-o tricycle. — EFIS
  • tri-dent-o trident: a three-pronged fork.
  • «triduum» (R.C. rel.) prayers continuing for three days.
  • trifoli-o (bot.) trefoil, clover, shamrock. — DEFIS
  • triftong-o (gram.) triphthong. Def.: Grupo di tri vokali formacanta un silabo. — DEIRS
  • triglif-o (arch.) triglyph. — DEFIRS
  • trigonometri-o trigonometry. — DEFIRS
  • trigram-o trigram, trigraph. Def.: Grupo di tri literi reprezentanta un sono.
  • trikin-o trichina, thread-worm (Trichinella spiralis). — DEFIRS
  • trikinos-o (med.) thrichinosis. — DEFIRS
  • triklin-a (cryst.) triclinic. — DEFIS
  • trikogin-o (bot.) trichogyne. — DEFIS
  • tri-kolor-a tricolo(u)red.
  • tri-korn-a three-horned; three-cornered; -a chapelo: (od, trikorno); three-cornered hat, shovel-hat.
  • trikot-ar (tr.) to knit (a fabric) (cf. krochar); -ilo: knitting needle or machine. — F
  • triktrak-o tricktrac: a kind of backgammon, — DEFI
  • tril-ar (tr., mus.) to trill. — DEFIS
  • tri-later-a, -o trilateral.
  • trilem-o (log.) trilemma. — DEFIS
  • tri-lingu-a trilingual.
  • trilion-o trillion (1,000,000³). — DEFIRS
  • trilobit-o (biol.) trilobite. — DEFIS
  • trilogi-o trilogy. — DEFIRS
  • trimaran-o trimaran. — DEFIRS
  • tri-mast-o od tri-masta navo): (nav.) a three-master (ship).
  • tri-mestr-o trimester: three months’ period; (cf. semestro). — DEFIRS
  • Trinidad Trinidad.
  • tri-nomi-o (math.) trinomial. — DEFIRS
  • triolet-o (poet.) triolet; (mus.) triplet.
  • tri-ped-o tripod, trivet.
  • triplik-o (jur.) sub-rejoinder.
  • triplikat-o triplicate: a third copy. — DEFIS
  • trip-o, -i tripe(s); -vend-eyo: tripeshop; -sociso: chitterling (of pigs); -kordo: catgut. — EFIRS
  • tripoli-o tripoli, rotten-stone (for polishing metals). — DEFIS
  • Tripolis Tripoli (town).
  • Tripolit-o Tripoli (country); -ano: Tripolitan.
  • triptik-o (paint.) triptych. — DEFIS
  • trirem-o (antiq.) trireme. — DEFIRS
  • tri-silab-a trisyllabic; -o: trisyllable.
  • trism-o (med.) trismus: lockjaw; (cf. tetanar).
  • trist-a (of persons or things) sad, sorrowful, mournful, cheerless, dispirited, doleful, gloomy; -ega: lugubrious; -eso: sadness, dreariness; -igar: to sadden, throw gloom over. Ex.: Trista informo, vizajo, adio. La morto di mia amiko tristigas me. Ant.: Gaya, joy-oza, kontenta. — FIS
  • triti-o tritium. — DEFIRS
  • triton-o (myth.) Triton; (mollusc) triton. — DEFIRS
  • tritur-ar (tr.) to triturate (cf. pistar). — EFIS
  • triumf-ar (intr.) to triumph, be triumphant (pri); -e: in t.; -ala procesiono: triumphant procession; persono -anta: triumphant person; -arko: arch of t.; -ar pri sua enemiki: to t. over one’s enemies. — DEFIRS
  • triumvir-o triumvir; -aro, -eso: (collect., office) triumvirate. — DEFIRS
  • tri-un-o, -eso (also theol.) trinity.
  • trivial-a trivial, trite, commonplace, stale; -eso: triteness; -ajo: triviality, banality; -a verajo: truism; -igar: to make banal. Ex.: Trivial expresuro, stilo. — DEFIRS
  • tro(e) (adv.) too, too much (Note: Tro may be used by itself before verbs, adjectives and adverbs, but with substantives, multa etc. is added: el tro amas il; tro multa homi); -multa, granda, plena, frua: too many, great, full, early; il drinkas troe: he drinks too much; lu tro (multe) mentias: he lies too much; -a: too, over-great, excessive; troa bruiso, od, tro granda bruiso: too much noise; un glaso troa (od, tro multe): one glass too much. — FI
  • trofe-o trophy. — DEFIRS
  • trog-o trough (as for animals); hod, tray (as for carrying mortar); (cf. vazo), -o-roto: bucket (of a water-wheel); -edo: hodful, troughful. — DE
  • troglodit-o (man or animal) troglodyte: cave dweller. — DEFIS
  • «troika» (Russian) troika.
  • trokanter-o (anat., zool., ent.) trochanter. — EF
  • trokar-o (surg.) trocar. — DEFIS
  • troke-o (poet.) trochee. — DEFIR
  • trokoid-o (math.) trochoid. — DEFIS
  • trole-o trolley; -roto: t. wheel; -veturo: t. car. — DEFS
  • tromb-o (phys.) water-spout. — DFIS
  • trombin-o thrombin. — DEFIRS
  • trombocit-o thrombocyte, platelet. — DEFIRS
  • trombon-o (mus.) trombone. — DEFIRS
  • trombus-o thrombus. — DEFIRS
  • tromp-ar (tr.) to deceive, impose upon, delude (denotes intention; cf. eror-igar, deceptar, dup-igar); -(ad)o: deception, imposition, cheating; -uro: imposture; -anta, -iva, ema: deceitful; -iva: fallacious. Ex.: Trompar la fido di ulu per ulo. — F
  • tron-o throne; -sidar: to sit enthroned; (fig.) to lord it over; diskurso de la -o: speech from the t.; en-tron-igar: to enthrone. — DEFIRS
  • trop-o (rhet.) trope: word(s) used figuratively. — DEFIRS
  • tropik-o tropics, torrid-zone. — DEFIRS
  • tropism-o (biol.) tropism. — DEFIS
  • troposfer-o troposphere. — DEFIRS
  • trot-ar (intr.) to trot (along); -et-ar: to go at a jog-trot; (of children) to toddle; -eskar: to fall into a trot; -igar: to cause to trot, to trot (a horse). — DEFIS
  • trotuar-o sidewalk, pavement: footway of stone, asphalt, etc. — DFR
  • tro-uz-ar (tr., intr.) to use to excess, abuse.
  • trov-ar (tr.) to find, discover, come across; -ajo: thing found; (treasure-) trove; (fig.) godsend, windfall. Ex.: Trovar trezoro, kulpo, voyo, amiko. — FI
  • tru-o hole, gap (cf. apert-uro, kavo, brecho); -ifar: to produce holes; -oza: full of holes; -izar: to cover (ulo) with holes; -iz-ita: bored with holes; mus- -o: mousehole; hom- -o: manhole; -ifilo, -izilo: punch, hole-punching press; -seg-ilo: (key-)hole saw. — F
  • trubadur-o troubadour. V. exp.: Trubaduri apartenas a Suda Francia, e truvero a Norda Francia (e vicina landi). — DEFIRS
  • trubl-ar (tr.) to trouble, disturb, muddle: throw into disorder; (of liquids) to make turbid or muddy; (cf. konfuz-igar, perturbar); -ar l’aquo: to disturb or muddy the water; -ar la vino: to make the wine turbid; -ar la digestado: to disorder or disturb the digestion; -ar la raciono (di ulu): to disorder or disturb the reason; mento trublita: disordered, disturbed mind. — EF
  • trufl-o (bot.) truffle (genus: Tuber); -izar: to stuff, or cover with t.s. — DEFRS
  • truism-o truism. Def.: Verajo evidenta, triviala, di aqua l’enunco esas neutila, do ridinda. — EFR
  • truk-o (R.R.) flat-car (cf. var-vagono). Def.: Fervoyala, platformatra var-vagono neklozita. — DEF
  • trul-o trowel. — EFS
  • trump-o trump (at cards); ludar- -o: to play, or lead with a t. — DE
  • trumpet-o trumpet: large, keyless bugle (cf. klariono); -agar, plear: to play the t.; (fig.) to t. forth, spread abroad; son-igar la -o: to sound the t. — DEFIS
  • trunk-o (also geom.) trunk of a tree; -igar: (geom.) to truncate; -a kono: truncate a cone. — EFIS
  • trunkon-o (tech.) shell ring (of a boiler).
  • trup-o troop, band: company of persons having same occupation; (theat.) company, troop; (of animals) band, herd, flock; -acho: gang; -ala, -atra, -ema: gregarious; navo- -o: ship’s crew; trupo-navo: t. ship; kavalrio- -o: cavalry t.; muton- -o: flock of sheep; trupe marchar: to walk in a group. — DEF
  • trus-ar (tr.) to tuck up, put a tuck in; turn up, pin up, tie up. V. exp.: Trusar esas nek levar, nek faldar: on trusas robo, mantelo, maniki, pantalono, bordi di chapelo, mustacho; mem figurale nazo esas trusita. — F
  • trust-o (com.) trust. — DEFIS
  • trut-o (icth.) trout. — EFIS
  • truver-o trouvère, trouveur. V. exp.: vid. trubaduro. — DEFIS
  • tu (acc.: tun; pl.: tui) thou: familiar form of 2nd person singular: you; used in speaking to a child or an intimate friend; -a: your; thy, thine; tu-ajo e me-ajo: thine and mine; tu-dicar: to say thee and thou (ad ulu). Ex.: Tu ne sat respektas tua olda patro. — DEFIRS
  • tualet-ar (intr.) to make one’s toilet: wash and dress; careful adjustment of dress, etc.; -o: toilet; -eyo: dressing room; -tablo: dressing table; -tuko: towel. — DEFIRS
  • tub-o tube, pipe (of lead, iron, etc.); -izar, -agar: to tube, pipe: put tubes in (ulo); -ala, -atra, -oza: tubular; vitra -o: glass t.; kamen- -o: chimney-flue, shaft. — DEFIS
  • tuber-o (anat., bot.) tuberosity; node; (of wood) knot; -oza: tuberous, nodose; knotty, gnarled; (cf. tuberkulo). — EFIS
  • tuberklos-o (med.) tuberculosis, consumption; -ala, -oza: tubercular, tuberculous: relating to the disease; -ika, -ik(ul)o: tubercular person). — DEFIRS
  • tuberkul-o (bot.) tubercle; (physiol.) a small tumor (tumour), or tumorlike elevation; (cf. tubero). — DEFIRS
  • tuberos-o (bot.) tuberose (Polyanthes tuberosa). — DEFIRS
  • tubul-o (chem.) tubule (as of a retort). — DEFS
  • tuert-a, -o one-eyed (person): blind in one eye. — S
  • tuf-o tuft, bunch, cluster, clump, wisp (of straw: assemblage of things of the same nature: threads, feathers, hair, etc. (cf. penacho); har- -o: tuft of hair; arbor- -o: clump of trees; herbo- -o: bunch of herbs; tuf-nodo: knot (of ribbons), favor (favour); pudro- -o: powder-puff; -izar, -ifar: to form into t.s. — EF
  • tuk-o (a piece of) cloth; (cf. drapo, stofo); naz- -o: handkerchief: vish- -o: (dish-) wiper, duster (of cloth). — D
  • tukan-o (orni.) toucan (genus: Rhamphastus). — DEFIS
  • tul-o (fabric) tulle. — DEFIRS
  • tulip-o (plant, flower) tulip; -arboro: t. tree, whitewood, white poplar: liriodendron (Liriodendron Tulipifera). — DEFIRS
  • tumefakt-ar (tr., med.) to tumefy, cause to swell; -o, -uro: tumefaction. — EFIS
  • tumor-o tumor (tumour): morbid swelling. — DEFIS
  • tumul-o (antiq.) tumulus, barrow, cairn, burial mound. — EFIS
  • tumult-ar (intr.) to raise a tumult, disturbance, uproar, hubbub, to (cause a) row, a riot; -o: tumult, riot; -eto: row, squabble, brawl; bustle; -e: disorderly and noisy, tumultuously; -ala, -oza, -ema, -atra: tumultuous, turbulent, riotous. — DEFIS
  • tun-o ton: 1000kg.; about 2205 lbs, avd.; -aro, -konteno: (nav.) tonnage. — DEFIRS
  • tundr-o tundra. — DEFIRS
  • «tundra» (Russian) tundra.
  • tunel-o tunnel; (city R.R.) tube, subeway. — DEFIRS
  • tunik-o (coat of soldiers, pupils) tunic, an antique undergarment; (anat.) coat, film, tunic (of the eye); wall (of the stomach); (bot.) coat, integument; -iero: (zool.) tunicate. — DEFIRS
  • Tunis Tunis (town).
  • Tunizi-a Tunis (province); -ano: Tunisian.
  • tupi-o (spinning-, peg-) top; ludar per -i: to spin tops. — F
  • tur-o tour; -isto: tourist; mondo- -o: world tour; inspekto- -o: tour, round of inspection. Ex.: Facar turo di la mondo, di urbo, di lando, di domeno. — DEFR
  • turb-o (of persons) crowd, throng, multitude; -acho: mob; -e: in crowds. — FIS
  • turban-o turban. — DEFIRS
  • turbin-o (mechan.) turbine; -navo: t. ship; vapor- -o: steam t. — DEFIRS
  • turbot-o (ich.) turbot (Rhombus maximus). — DEFR
  • «turco» turco: Algerian soldier.
  • turd-o (orni.) thrush (genus: Turdus).
  • turgec-ar (intr., med.) to be turgescent. — DEFIS
  • Turingi-a Thuringia; -ano: Thuringian.
  • Turk-a Turkish; -o: Turk; -ia: Turkey.
  • Turkestan Turkistan; -ano: (man) of Turkistan.
  • turkez-o (min.) turquoise; -blua: t. blue. — DEFIS
  • turm-o tower; (at chess) castle; (nav.) turret; Babel- -o: tower of Babel; -o-navo: turret-ship. — D
  • turmalin-o (min.) t(o)urmaline. — DEFIRS
  • turn-ar (tr., intr.) to turn (from right to left), turn around, to (cause to) move circularly), twist, whirl, wheel around; (cf. jirar, rotacar, renversar, volvar, tornar); -o: turn; -ar la kapo, la klefo: to turn the head, the key; roto- -o: a turn of a wheel; klef-klozar du-turne (od, per di turni) la pordo: to double lock the door; mi-turno: half turn; ri-turn-o: turn about, face about, change of side; turn-anta dervisho: whirling dervish; turno-plako, -tablo: turntable; turn-orgeno: hand-organ; turno-hoko: swivel; turno-kesto: revolving box (as for foundlings in a convent); turno-pordo, -bar-ilo: turnstile; turno-kruco: tourniquet; turno-morbo: (vet.) staggers; skrub-turn-ilo: turn-screw; screwdriver; turno-kont-ilo: revolution counter (on an engine). V. exp.: vid. jirar. — EFS
  • turnir-ar (intr.) to hold a tournament, to joust, to take part in a tourney. — DEFIRS
  • turt-o oil-cake (for feed of beasts); lin- -o: linseed. — F
  • turtur-o (orni.) turtle-dove (genus: Turtur). — DFIS
  • tus-ar (intr.) to cough; -etar: to cough: clear one’s throat, to hem; -aceso: fit of coughing. — FIS
  • tush-ar (tr., intr.) to touch, be in contact with. (N.B. not concern); to put one’s hand, foot, etc. (on); (cf. palpar, kontaktar, kontigua); -o-senso: sense of touch; -ala, iva: tactile; -ebla: tangible (cf. palp-ebla). Ex.: Tushar ulo per la fingri. Lua pedi tushis la sulo. Regardez ol, ma ne tushez. — EFIS
  • tusilaj-o (bot.) coltsfoot (genus: Tusilago). — FSL
  • tutel-ar (tr.) to be guardian of (ulu) -esar da ulu: to be under the guardianship of someone; -igar ulu: to place someone under the guardianship (of another person); -(ad)o, -eso: (act, state) guardianship, tutelage; -anto, -ero: guradian; -anta: tutelary, protecting, guardian; -ato: ward. — EFIS
  • tutu-o tutu. — DEFIRS
  • tuv-ar (tr., nav.) to warp: move a ship or boat by a rope or cable attached to some fixed object; -o-kablo: stream-line, warping-hawser. V. exp.: Tuvar ne esas sinonima di remorkar. Navo tuvas (su ed altri) per kateno fixa en rivero o kanalo. — F
  • tuy-o (bot.) thuja (-tree), arbor vitæ (genus: Thuja). — DEFIS
  • tuyer-o tuyere: a nozzle through which the air blast is delivered to a forge, blast furnace, etc. — F


U

  • ube (adv.) where; ad-ube: whither?; where to? (with motion), to what place?; de-ube, ek-ube: from where? whence?; altr-ube: elsewhere, somewhere else; irg-ube: anywhere, wherever; nul-ube: nowhere; omn-ube: everywhere; tra-ube: through what place, which way?; ul-ube: somewhere; me ne savas ube il esas: I do not know where he is; ad-ube vu volas irar? where do you wish to go?; dicez a me de ube vu venas: tell me where you are from; tra-ube vu iros? which way will you go?; ube vu habitas? where do you live? — FL
  • ubiqu-a ubiquitous; -eso: ubiquity. Def.: Qua esas omnaloke. — EFIS
  • ucel-o, -ulo, -ino bird; -eyo: place for birds; aiviary; -nesto: bird’s-nest; -kaptar: (intr.) to catch b.s; -vend-isto: b.dealer; -o migr-anta: migratory b., b. of passage; -o rapt-anta: b. of prey; paradiz- -o: b. of paradise; -vido: bird’s-eye view; ucel-ire: as the b. flies; in a straight line. — FI
  • uf (interj.) ugh! uff! oof!
  • Ugand-a Uganda. — DEFIRS
  • ukaz-o ukase: edict of (Russian) emperor. — DEFIRS
  • -ul- denotes the male sex: spoz-ulo, husband; kaval-ulo, stallion; kat-ulo, tomcat. Note: This suffix is sometimes omitted for euphony when the sex of the substantive is made clear by the context. For example, abad-ulo may be shortened to abado in a text where there is no mistaking the meaning. Strictly speaking, however, the ending -o carries with it no sex distinction.
  • ul-a (indefinite adjective-pronoun) some, any: indicates a certain, but only partly defined person or object; (semi-indefinite article) a, an (used only where it is desired to emphasize indefiniteness); ul-o: something (object or fact); ul-u: someone, somebody, anyone; ul-i: some, any (persons or things); ul-die: some day; ul-loke, -ube: somewhere; ul-maniere (od, ule): in some manner or way; ulu altra: someone else; ula altra: some other; ul-foye: once, one time; ul-tempe: ever, sometime(s). V. exp.: Ula ne indikas kompleta nedetermineso (quan irga expresus plu juste), ma mi-determineso. Ula povas anke ludar la rolo di la nedfinita artiklo, se (o kande) on trovas ica necesa. Ex.: Me stacas avan la biblioteko di amiko (me ne dicas: di ula amiko, nam me pensas (pri) nula amiko partikulare o predere); me dicas a lu: «Me deziras libro». To signifikas: «Me deziras lektar, donez a me (irga) libro». Ma se me dicas: «Me deziras ula libro», to signifikas: «Me deziras lektar partikulara libro (konocata da me, o ja lektita),» quan me ne povas indikar plu exacte, pro ke me obliviis l’autoro, o la titulo: ma me tamen havas l’ideo plu o min konfuza di ta libro, e ne di altra: adminime, di libro apartenanta ad «ula» speco o relatanta «ula» temo, quan me povas definar. Note: Ula, irga: Ula is used in a semi-indefinite sense, irga emphasizes complete indefiniteness. Ex.: ula maniero: some manner or way; irga maniero: any manner or way whatever; ula dio en la lasta monato: one day (= a certain day, but date not specified; irga dio would signify any day whatever); ula viro decensis de Ierusalem a Ierico: a certain man (name not specified) went down from J. to J.; irga viro would signify any man whatever. — L
  • ulan-o uhlan: a German lancer. — DEFIRS
  • ulcer-o ulcer; -ala, -atra: ulcerous; -ifar (intr.), -izar (tr.): to ulcerate; -ifo, -izo: ulceration; -igar: to cause (ulo) to ulcerate. — EFIS
  • ulm-o (bot.) elm (-tree) (genus: Ulmus). — DEFIS
  • uln-o ell: 45 or 46.5 inches. — FIS
  • ultimat-o ultimatum. — DEFIRS
  • ultr-a ultra: beyond due limit; further, additional; -a zelo: extreme, exaggerated zeal; ultr-a, -e royal-isto: ultra-royalist, royalist in an excessive degree; -e: (prep., adv.) besides, further, moreover, in addition (to this); -e ke: (conj.) besides (that) (followed by verb). Ex.: Ultre, me volas dicar ... Ultre la prezenta infinitivo, Ido havas pasinta e futura infinitivo. Ultre ke, el esas richa, el esas bela e saja. Ultre mea patrala linguo, me savas plura altri. V. exp.: Ultre, pluse: Ultre esas prepoziciono, qua qua signifikas: adjunte ad ... Exemple: «Ultre mea repasto me prenis kafeo.» Do ultre grande diferas de plus, qua indikas la kozo adjuntata. Advere de la matematikal vidpunto la difero ne esas grava, pro ke A + B = B + A. Ma en la komuna vivo l’ordino ne esas indiferanta, sive pro la tempo, sive pro l’importo relativa e tre neegala di l’adicionendi. Exemple, l’antea frazo equivalas: « Me prenis mea repasto plus kafeo». Esus ridinda dicar: «Me prenis kafeo plus mea repasto», kontre ke on povas dicar tre bone: «Me prenis kafe ultre mea repasto.» De to konsequas, ke on nultempe bezonas adverbigar ultre: la adverbo uzenda esas sempre pluse, qua anuncas l’adjunto di altra kozo a l’unesma o predicita. — DEFIS
  • ultramar-o, -a, -ea ultramarine. — DEFIRS
  • ultramikroskopi-o ultramicroscope. — DEF
  • ultramontan-a, -o ultramontan-e, ist; -ismo: ultramontanism. — DEFIRS
  • ulul-ar (intr.) to ululate: (of owls) to hoot; (of dogs, wolves, etc.) to howl. — DEFIS
  • -um- is used with a few roots to form derivative meanings which the other suffixes cannot logically express. It is analogous to the use of ye among the prepositions. Meanings must be looked up in the dictionary. It is not to be used arbitrarily but only for derivatives authorized by the Idist Academy. Examples: kol-umo, collar; kruc-umar, to cross (roads, etc.); foli-umar, to turn the leaves of (a book, etc.); formik-umar, to swarm, teem.
  • umbel-o (bot.) umbel. — EFIS
  • umbelifer-a, -o (bot.) umbeliferous (plant). — DEFIS
  • umbilik-o (anat., bot., geom.) navel, umbilicus. — EFIS
  • umbr-o (pigment) umber. — DEFIR
  • un (cardinal) one (for derivative forms, cf. du); -a: one (adj. showing unity); -o: (arith.) unit; -ajo: (objective) unit; sabl-uno, a grain of sand; grel-uno, a hailstone. Note: «Grano, grain, is preferable to uno in expressing one individual unit of corn; sekalo, rye; sekal-grano, grain of rye. When a substance has no natural units, uno is not appropriate and instead of it are used words like peco, floko, parto, parteto, etc.: nivo-floko, flake of snow, sukropeco, piece of sugar.» -u: one (person); -eso: unity, oneness; -es-ala: unitary; -esma: first (abbr.: 1ª); -igar: to unify: to form into one (cf. uniform-igar); -igo: unification; -foye: once, one time; -esme: first, at first, first of all; unesme on devas studiar e pose on darfas ludar: first you should study and afterwards you play; l’una e l’altra: the two together; l’una o l’altra: one of the two; li amis l’una l’altra: they liked one another (or, each other); el amis nek l’una nek l’atra: she loved neither; nek l’una nek l’altra venos: neither will come; un-kolora: one-colored. Ex.: La kombatinti vundis l’una l’altra. Li vovis fideleso l’una a l’altra (od, la una a l’altra). La Una Santa Eklezio. Unu dicis ico, la altru dicis ito. Un ed un facas du. — EFIS
  • unanim-a unanimous; -eso: unanimity. — EFIS
  • unc-o (zool.) ounce (Felis unce).
  • uncial-a, -o uncial (letter). — DEFIS
  • uncion-ar (tr.) to anoint (ulu, per ulo); extrema -o: (R.C. rel.) extreme unction; (cf. unguento). — EFIS
  • ungl-o (anat.) nail, claw, talon; -oza: unguiculated; emundar (od, taliar) sua -i: to trim, cut one’s nails; la kato unglo-tenas su ye l’arboro: the cat clings to the tree. — EFIS
  • unguent-o ointment, salve, unguent. — EFIS
  • un-huf-a solipedous, solidungulate, whole hoofed (animal).
  • uniform-a uniform; (of movement) regular; -o: (regimentals) uniform; -eso: uniformity (cf. monoton-eso); -igar: to make (ulo) u.; soldat- -o: soldier’s u.; granda -o: full dress u. Def.: Qua havas la sama formo; simila. Ex.: Uniforma domi, stilo, vesto. Uniformeso di opiniono. — DEFIS
  • unik-a unique; without another of the same kind; only, single, sole; (fig.) unequalled, unrivalled, unparalleled, unprecedented (cf. nura); -eso: uniqueness; -ajo: a u. object; -a filio: only child; -a talento: u. talent. — EFIS
  • unikorn-o (also astron.) unicorn: a fabulous animal. — EFS
  • unikursal-a (geom.) unicursal.
  • union-ar (tr., immaterial sense) to unite (cf. juntar, ligar); -o, -uro: union, conjuction (cf. konkordo); -o post-ala: postal u. Ex.: Unionar la plezuri a l’aferi. Unionar la gefianciti. Uniono laboristala. La spirito di unioneso. — EFIS
  • unipol-a unipolar.
  • unison-o (mus. and fig.) unison. — DEFIRS
  • unitar-a, -o Unitarian; -ismo: (rel. sect., doctrine) Unitarianism. — DEFIRS
  • univalv-a (of shells) univalvular.
  • univers-o universe; -ala: universal; -al-eso: universality; -igar: to make (ulo) universal; -al-ist-i: (rel.) universalists. — DEFIS
  • universitat-o university; -ano: member of u.; an (under)graduate. — DEFIRS
  • un-later-a unilateral; (jur.) binding on one party only.
  • un-senc-a having but one meaning, signification.
  • un-sexu-a (bot.) unisexual.
  • unt-o coom: old cart-grease. — IS
  • un-valv-a (bot., conch.) univalvular.
  • upup-o (orni.) hoopoe (genus: Upupa). — EFI
  • -ur- joined to verbal roots where necessary to distinguish the result or product from the act itself: pikt-uro, a picture (as distinguished from the act of painting, pikt-o, -ado); imprim-uro, the print (imprim-(ad)o properly indicates only the act); apert-uro, an opening; fend-uro, (the result of a) split. Note: In many cases there is no real distinction between the act and its result, therefore the termination in -o is sufficient: abandono di navo, the abandoning or abandonment of a ship. Sometimes this signification can be as well or better expressed by using -aj-: dic-ajo, what is said or was said; donac-ajo, a gift. There exists, however, many cases where the result or product of the act is not identical with the passive object of the act and therefore -uro must be used: imit-ajo is the thing imitated; imit-uro is the imitation (made from the object imitated); kopi-uro, the copy, is made from the kopi-ajo, the object copied; traduk-uro, a translation certainly differs from the traduk-ajo, that from which it is translated. -aj- indicates either something unrelated to an act (as mol-ajo, something soft) or refers to something existing prior to the act (as manj-ajo, food). -ur- implies the production of something which until then had no existence, as imprim-uro: the printed text (imprim-ajo would refer to the text used to make the imprint.)
  • uragan-o hurricane, violent gale. — EFIRS
  • Uraguay Uraguay.
  • Ural-o, -i Ural (river, mountains).
  • uran-o (chem.) uranium; -oxo: proto-oxide of u., pitchblende.
  • uranografi-o uranography. — DEFIRS
  • urat-o (chem.) urate.
  • urb-o city, large town; (cf. civito); -ego: a large c.: (cf. metropolo); -ala: urban; -o-domo: city-hall; -estro: mayor. — EFIS
  • urd-ar (tr., of weaving) to warp (cloth). — FIS
  • ure-o (chem.) urea. — EFIS
  • uremi-o (med.) ur(a)eia. — DEFS
  • ureter-o (anat.) ureter (duct).
  • uretr-o (anat.) urethra. — DEFIS
  • uretrit-o (med.) urethritis.
  • uretroskop-o urethroscope.
  • uretrotomi-o (surg.) urethrotomy.
  • urin-o urine; -ala: urinary; -ifar: to urinate, make water (cf. miktar); -vazo: urinal, pot; -if-eyo: (public) urinal. — DEFIRS
  • urj-ar (intr.) to be urgent, pressing; -igar: to urge (ulu, ulo); -anta: urgent; -ant-eso: urgency; la kazo -as: it is an u. case; en -anta kazo: in case of urgency. — EFIS
  • urn-o urn; -o elekt-ala: ballot-box. — DEFIRS
  • urogal-o capercailzie: the largest European grouse (Tetrao urogallus). — L
  • urologi-o urology. — DEFIRS
  • urox-o (zool.) aurochs: European bison (Bos urus). — DEFS
  • urs-o, -ulo, -ino (zool.) bear (genus: Ursus); -yuno: young b.; granda, mikra urso: (astron.) Great, Little Bear; -ala: ursine. — EFIS
  • urtik-o (stinging-)nettle (genus: Urtica); -ago: (med.) urtication: whipping or stinging with nettles. — EFIS
  • urtikari-o urticaria, nettle-rash. — EFIS
  • Usa U.S.A., United States of N. America; Usano: American (of the U.S.).
  • usher-o usher (judicial courts, etc.). Def.: Ta qua komisesas oficale por konocigar ed exekutigar la judiciala decidi. — EFS
  • utard-o (orni.) bustard (Otis tarda). — FIS
  • utensil-o utensil, tool, instrument, implement; -i koqu(ey)ala: kitchen u.; -i kultiv-ala: farming tools. — DEFIS
  • uter-o uterus, womb. — DEFIS
  • util-a useful, of use; -eso: (quality) utility, usefulness; -ajo: utility, useful object; -esar: to be useful (ad); to be used (por); -eskar: to become u.; -igar su -a: to make oneself u.; -igar: to utilize, turn to good use, turn to account, avail oneself of; -igo: utilization; -ismo: (philos.) utilitarianism; -isto: utilitarian; -ista, -ism-ala: utilitarian. — EFIS
  • utopi-o utopia; -a, -ala, -atra: utopian; (cf. kimera); -isto: utopist. — DEFIRS
  • utrikul-o utricle. — DEFIS
  • uve-o (anat.) uvea. — EFIS
  • uvertur-o (mus.) overture. — DEFR
  • uvul-o (anat.) uvula. — EFIS
  • -uy- with nominal roots denotes a receptacle (ordinarily a case, sheath, box, chest): monet-uyo, a purse; ink-uyo, an inkwell; sup-uyo, a soup tureen; violin-uyo, a violin case; sigar-uyo, a cigar-box (not a cigar-holder, sigar-iero: cf. note under -iero).
  • uz-ar (tr.) to use, employ: make use of (ulo); to wear out (clothing, etc.); -o, -ado: use, usage (cf. kusumo, util-eso); -o-yuro: right of use; -i e kustumi: ways and customs; vest-aro ja uz-ita: worn clothing; uzar la vest-aro: to wear out clothing. Ex.: Uzar violento, remediilo. Vorto rare uzata. — DEFIS
  • uzufrukt-ar (tr., jur.) to have the usufruct of (ulo). — EFIS
  • uzukapt-ar (tr., jur.) to have the usucaption of (ulo). — EFIS
  • uzur-ar (intr.) to practice usury. — EFIS
  • uzurp-ar (tr.) to usurp (ulo de ulu); to encroach upon, trench upon, infringe; -o: usurpation, encroachment. Ex.: Uzurpar la trono, ula yuro, povo, domeno. — DEFIRS


V

  • vab-o honey-comb. Def.: Konstrukturo ek vaxo, quan la abeli facas en la abeluyo. — D
  • vacil-ar (intr.) to vacillate: be unsteady, waver, reel, stagger; to fluctuate, waver in mind or opinion; (of light) to flicker; (in speaking) to falter; -(ad)o: vacillation; -ar sur la gambi: to shake in or be unsteady on the legs. Ex.: La tablo vacilas. Ta homo havis vacilanta marcho(-maniero). Lumo qua vacilas. — EFIS
  • vacin-o (disease) cow-pox; -serumo: vaccine (matter); -izar: to vaccinate (ulu); -iz(ad)o: vaccination; -ifar: to produce cow-pox. — EFIR
  • vacini-o (bot.) red whortleberry (or billberry), cowberry (Vaccinium). — L
  • (tra-)vad-ar (tr.) to ford, wade across (a river, etc.); -eyo: ford; -ebla: fordable. — EIS
  • «vade-mecum» vade mecum.
  • vafl-o waffle: thin cake; -muld-ilo: w. iron. — DER
  • vag-ar (intr.) to wander, rove about, stroll, stray, straggle; -ado: roaming, vagrancy; -ema; -em-acho: vagrant, vagabond; -anta mendikero: strolling beggar; -anta mento: (fig.) wandering mind. — DEFIS
  • vagin-o (anat.) vagina. — DEFS
  • vagon-o railway-carriage, car; -o un-esma-klasa: first class c.; lit-, dormo- -o: sleeper; restor- -o: dining-car. — DEFRS
  • vajis-ar (intr., of infants) to wail, cry. V. exp.: La specala krio di nove naskinta o yuna infanto. — FIS
  • vak-ar (intr.) to be vacant; -o: vacancy; -anta: vacant. Ex.: La trono, la ofico vakas. Vakigar la trono, la ofico. Vakanta aprtamento, episkopeso. — DEFIRS
  • vakanc-ar (intr.) to have a (or, be on a) vacation, holiday; -dio: a day’s holiday. Ex.: Pasar la vakanco en la ruro. Ni vakancas dufoye dum la yaro: la paskala e la somerala vakanco. — DEFIRS
  • vaku-a empty, void, blank, vacuous (de); -o: vacuum, blank; -eso: vacuity, emptiness; -ajo: gap, chasm, hole; -igar: to empty, vacate; to draw (poultry), to gut (fish); to drain (a ditch, etc.); -eskar: to become empty; -ifar: to make a void, produce a vacuum (as by air-pump); -a chambro, stomako, spaco: empty room, stomach, space; -a muro: blank wall; -a tempo: unoccupied time; aer- -o: air-vacuum, -hole; latrin- -igo: emptying of cess-pools or water-closets; -igar botelo: to empty a bottle; la botelo vaku-eskas lente: the bottle becomes slowly empty. Ant.: plena. — DEFIS
  • vakuol-o (biol.) vacuole. — DEFIS
  • vakuometr-o vacuum gauge. — DEFIRS
  • val-o vale, valley, dale; (cf. ad-vale); -eto: small valley, dell; tra monti e vali: up hill and down dale; -o lakrim-oza: (fig.) vale of tears. — EFIS
  • Valaki-a Walachia; -ano: Walachian.
  • valent-a (chem.) having valence; -eso: valence.
  • valerian-o (bot.) valerian (genus: Valerians); -acido: valer(ian) acid. — EFIRS
  • valerianel-o (bot.) valerianella, corn-salad, lamb’s lettuce (Valerianella olitoria). — EFL
  • valid-a (jur.) valid: having legal force, good; -eso: validity; healthfulness; -igar: to validate; -a mariajo: a legal marriage; ne- -igar: to invalidate. — DEFIS
  • valiz-o valise, portmanteau. — EFIS
  • valor-ar (intr.) to be worth, be equal to in value, be as good as; be fit, be useful or good (for something); (of laws) to be in force; -igar: to make (ulo) of worth, of value, make useful for; -o: value, worth; -anta: worth; -oza: valuable; -ajo: valuable object; -paperi: (com.) valuable papers: stocks, securities, etc.; -igar lego: to put a law in force; sen- -igar: to deprive (ulo) of value, to demonetize (money); sen- -a: valueless; min- -igar, -eskar: to depreciate; pen- -ar: to be worth the trouble, be worth while; plu- -o: superior, increased value; min- -o: less, inferior value; ica stofo valoras kin franki po metro: this fabric is worth five francs a meter; to valoras nulo: that is good for, worth nothing; -ar sua pezo de oro: to be worth its weight in gold; quante co valoras: how much is this worth; ica medikamento valoras kontre febro: this medicine is good for fever; ica plumo ne plus valoras por skribar: this pen is no longer fit to write with; to valoras la peno (od, pen-valoras) askoltar: that worth listening to; -igar sua talento: to turn one’s talent to account. — EFIS
  • vals-ar (intr.), -igar: (tr.) to waltz. — DEFIRS
  • valv-o (tech., zool., bot.) valve. — EFIS
  • vampir-o (also fig.) vampire. — DEFIRS
  • vams-o doublet, jerkin. — D
  • van-a vain: fruitless, ineffectual; (cf. vanitat-oza, frivola); -e: in vain, to no purpose; no use! -eso: vanity (N.B. not of person), emptiness, vainness (of a project, etc.); -igar: to thwart, baffle, foil; -ajo: a v. act, wish. Def.: Sen-efikiva; sen-rezulta; sen reala fundmaneto. Ex.: Vana esforci, esperi. Vaneso di homala grandaji. Vaneso di la vanaji, omno esas vanajo. — EFIS
  • vanadi-o (chem.) vanadium.
  • vandal-a, -o vandal; -eso, -ajo: (spirit, act) vandalism. — DEFIRS
  • vanel-o (orni.) lapwing, peewit, plover (genus: Vanellus). — FIL
  • vang-o (anat. and fig.) cheek; -oza: chubby: full cheeked; -egi, -o-sako: jowls; cheek-pouch (of certain monkeys); -o-barbo: whisker(s); -o-frapar, -batar: to slap, cuff, strike (ulu) on the face. — D
  • vanil-o vanilla; -iero: v. plant (genus: Vanilla). — DEFIRS
  • vanitat-o vanity, self-conceit; -oza, -oz(ul)o: self-admiring, vain (person). Ex.: Lua vanitato esas netolerabla. V. exp.: vid. superba. Ant.: modest-eso. — EFIS
  • vant-o, -i (nav.) shroud(s); -i granda: main s. — DR
  • vapor-o steam (from boiling water); vapor (from liquids or fluid floating in the atmosphere); (of wine) fume (affecting the head); -oza, -atra: vapor-ous, -ish; -igar: to vaporize, volatalize; -eskar: to evaporate; turn into vapor; -ig-ilo: evaporating machine; -agar: (tr.) to steam (ulo), give a steam bath to; -balno: vapor-, steam-bath; -mashino: steam engine; -navo: steam boat; incens- -o: cloud of incense; arseno- -i: fumes of arsenic. — EFIS
  • varang-o (nav.) floor-timber (of a ship). — DFS
  • vari-(ad)ar (tr., intr.) to vary, change; (cf. chanjar, divers-igar); -igar: to cause (ulo) to vary; -anta, -iva, -ebla, -ema: variable, versatile, unsteady, fickle, flighty; -anto: a variant (reading, interpretation, spelling. etc.); -ebl-eso; -em-eso: variableness; variability; versatility; -ar la frazo: to say the same things in other words. Ex.: Mori varias segun la nacioni. La vetero varias perpetue. V. exp.: Chanjar ne esas exakta sinonimo di variar: variar esas chanjar segun quanteso od inteseso. — DEFIS
  • varicel-o (med.) varicella: chicken-pox. — DEFIS
  • varietat-o (zool., bot.) variety. — DEFIS
  • varik-o (med.) varix: varicose vein. — EFIS
  • variol-o (med.) variola: smallpox; -ala: variolous: relating to v.; -iko, -ika: (person) suffering from v.; -mark-iz-ita: pock-marked. — EFIS
  • varm-a (also fig.) warm; -ega: hot; -eta: tepid, lukewarm; -eskar: to get warm; -igar: to heat, warm; -ig-(ad)o: heating; -ig-ilo: heating apparatus; ped-, lit-, plad-varm-ig-ilo: foot-, bed-, plate-warmer. Ant.: kolda. — DE
  • var-o, -i ware(s), commodit-y, -ies; merchandize (cf. komerc-ajo). Def.: Kozo vendebla, granda o mikra. — DE
  • vars-ar (tr.) to pour (out) (as liquids); to spill (accidentally); shed (blood); to empty (solid things); -ero: (astron.) Aquarius. V. exp.: vid. rakar. — FI
  • vart-ar (tr.) to await, wait for (ulu, ulo); -igar: to keep (ulu) waiting; -anta: waiting, expectant; -ante: while waiting, in the interim (cf. dume); -eyo: waiting-place, -room. Def.: Restar en la ula loko o stando, til ke ulo eventas. Ex.: Me vartas nepaciente la decido. V. exp.: vid. expektar. — DE
  • vasal-a, -o vassal; -eso: vassalage. — DEFIRS
  • vask-o basin (as of a fountain). — FI
  • vaskul-o (anat., biol.) blood vessel, tube, canal; -ala, -oza: vascular; -aro: vascular system. — DEFIS
  • vast-a vast, extensive (in all directions); -eso: vastness, vast extent, spaciousness; plu-vast-igar: to spread (ulo), to make more extensive. Def.: Granda segun omna sua dimensioni. Ex.: Vasta agro esas agro same longa e larja; vasta salono esas salono same proporcione longa, larja ed alta. Figurale, on pluvastigas ula ideo od opiniono (donar ad ol plu granda areo). Vasta eruditeso. — EFIS
  • vat-o wadding, padding: soft stuff of loose texture; prepared sheets of carded cotton (as used to thicken dresses, quilts, etc.); -izar: to wad, pad, stuff (with wadding). — DFIR
  • vax-o wax (of any kind, nat. or artific.); -izar: to (smear, rub with) wax; -o-telo: oil-cloth; siglo- -o: sealing w.; modlo- -o: modeling w.; parquet- -o: floor w. — DE
  • vaz-o vessel (for holding liquids); vase (as for flowers, etc.); -aro arjenta: silver service; stana -o: tin-pot, -vessel. — DEFIRS
  • vazelin-o vaseline. — DEFIRS
  • ve alas! oh dear!
  • vech-o (bot.) vetch (genus: Vicia). — EFI
  • vedet-o vedette: (mounted) sentinel; -batelo: scout-boat. — DEFI
  • vegr-o (nav.) plank (for ceiling). — DFS
  • veh-ar (intr.) to go about in any sort of vehicle: ride, drive, sail; -igar: to convey, carry, cart, transport (in a vehicle); -(ad)o: riding, driving, sailing; -ilo: vehicle: any means of transport by land, air or water; (fig.) any means of transmitting; (med.) excipient; menstruum; aero esas -ilo di sono: air is v. of sound; imprim-arto esas -ilo por instrukto: the art of printing is a v. of instruction. — EFL
  • vein-o (anat., also of marble, wood) vein; (geol., min.) vein, seam; -ala: venous: relating to v.s; -iz-ita: marked with v.s; -aro: venous system; -izar: to v.: mark wit v.s; -o-seko: phlebotomy. — EFIRS
  • vejet-(ad)ar (intr.) to vegetate: grow as or like a plant; (fig.) to lead a dull life; -(ad)o: vegetating; -ala: vegetable; -anta: (of persons) vegetating; -iva: vegetative; -ant-aro: vegetation; -anto, -ivo: vegetable, plant (cf. legumo). — DEFIRS
  • vejetar-ar (intr.) to be a vegetarian; -o, -ismo: vegetarianism; -anto, -ano: vegetarian. — DEFIRS
  • vek-ar (intr., also fig.) to awaken, wake up; -igar: to wake, rouse (ulu); -o, -igo: awakening; -ig-ilo: alarm. — DE
  • vekt-o beam (of scales); tiro- -o: swingle-tree, -bar (of a carriage). — L
  • vektor-o (geom.) vector.
  • vel-o veil; a piece of stuff used to conceal something; (fig.) cover, screen, shade; -eto: small v.; lady’s v.; -ego: awning; -izar: to veil; cover, hide; -o gaza: gauze v.; nubo- -o: v. of clouds; palat- -o: (anat.) velum. Ex.: Eskartar, levar la vel(et)o de la vizajo. La velo di la templo. La veli (E. shades) di la nokto. La nubi velizas la suno. — EFIS
  • velin-o vellum; -papero: v. paper. — DEFIR
  • velit-o (Rom. antiq.) velite: a light-armed soldier.
  • velk-ar (intr.) to fade away, wither, lose freshness; (of flowers) to droop; -igar: to cause (ulo) to wither. Ex.: La suno velkigis la folii di la planti. — D
  • velociped-o velociped. — DEFIS
  • velodrom-o velodrome.
  • velur-o velvet; -a: made of v.; -atr-ajo: imitation v.; velous. — DEFIS
  • ven-ar (intr.) to come (ad, de); par-ven-ar: to arrive; par-ven-into: an arrival. — FIS
  • vend-ar (tr.) to sell; -o, -ado: sale, selling; -eyo, -erio: shop, store; -anto, -into, -isto: dealer, vendor; -ebla: vendible, salable, marketable; -o-table: shop counter; -kontrato: bargain (written). Ant.: komprar. — EFIS
  • «vendetta» vendetta.
  • venen-o (also fig.) venom, poison; -a, -oza: venomous, poisonous; (fig.) malignant; -agar: (tr.) to poison (ulu); -izar: to put poison on (ulo); rat- -o: rat poison. — EFIS
  • venerac-ar (tr.) to venerate, reverence; -inda: venerable; -ema: reverent. Def.: Veneraco: projunda respekto religioza o religiatra. — EFIS
  • vener-ala venereal (relating to the disease); -iko, -ika: (person) afflicted with v. disease; -ala monto: (anat.) pubes, mons veneris. — DEFIRS
  • venerdi-o Friday. — FI
  • venereologi-o venereology. — DEFIRS
  • Venezuel-a Venezuela; -ano: Venezuelan.
  • venial-a venial: that may be forgiven; excusable; -a peko: v. sin. — EFIS
  • venj-ar (tr.) to avenge, revenge; -ar su: to revenge oneself (su, ulu, kontre ulu, pri ulo); -o: revenge, vengeance; -ema: revengeful, vindicative; -em-eso: vindictiveness; -anto, -ero: avenger. V. exp.: Venjar ulu esas punisar, pro rankoro, altru qua facis domajo od ofenso ad «ulu». Venjar esas tranzitiva; on povaos venjar su od altru; on povas anke venjar ulo (ex. l’ocido di sua patro). Pluse la venjo aplikesas, ne nur al autoro di la domajo od ofeso, ma anke a lua familio o havajo. Exemple, en Korsika, la venjo (vendetta) praktikesas inter du familii: se A ocidis B, la filio di B ocidas A; pose la filio di A ocidas la filio di B, ... e tale senfine, o ti la destrukto di la du familii; kp. revanchar, reprezalar. — EFIS
  • vent-ar (intr.) to blow, be windy; -as: (impers.) it is windy, the wind is blowing, there is a (high) wind; -o: wind; -ego: strong wind, gale; -stroko: squall, gust of wind; -oza: windy; -izar: to give wind to; -iz-ilo: fan or fan-like instrument; para- -o: w. screen; -o-muel-ilo: w. mill; -o-flecho, -flago: weathervane; -o-rozo: (nav.) compass card. — DEFIS
  • ventil-ar (tr.) to ventilate, air. — DEFIRS
  • ventilator-o ventilator; kanvas- -o: (nav.) windsail.
  • ventr-o belly, paunch, stomach; (of bottles, etc.) belly, body; (cf. abdomeno, stomako); -ala: ventral: relating to the b.; -oza: paunchy, big bellied; -edo: bellyful; -zono: b. band; girth (of a horse); -doloro: b. ache. — EFIS
  • ventrikul-o (anat.) ventricle. — DEFIS
  • ventro-parol-ar (intr.) to ventriloquize; -ado, -iv-eso: ventriloquism; -anto, -ero: ventriloquist.
  • ventuz-o (surg.) cupping-glass; -agar: to cup (ulu). — FIRS
  • ver-a true, veritable; (cf. reala, autentika); -eso: (quality) truth; -ajo: a truth; lo -a: (abstract) the truth; -e: verily, truly (cf. ad-vere); ver-simil-a: likely, plausible, true seeming; versimil-ajo, -eso: likelihood, verisimilitude (cf. probablajo); ver-sembl-anta: ostensible, apparent; ver-sembl-eso: speciousness; -igar: to make (ulo) true; (math.) to prove; ne-ver-ajo, -eso: falsehood, falseness. Ex.: Vera diamanto. Vu ne dicas la verajo. Esas nula vereso en to quon vu dicas. Matematikala verajo. Fato vere tragediala. Ulfoye la verso povas semblar tre neversimila. La deskovro di lo vera ofte dependas de la komparo di versimilaji. Lu esas verdicanta homo. La verdicemeso di historiisto. — EFIS
  • verand-o veranda. — DEFIR
  • verb-o (gram.) verb; -ala: verbal: relating to v.s. — DEFIS
  • verbask-o (bot.) mullein (genus: Verbascum). — IL
  • verben-o (bot.) verbena, vervain (genus: Verbena). — DEFIRS
  • verd-a (color) green, verdant; -eso: green(ness); -ajo: a g. object; verdure; (pl., fig.) salad-herbs, pot-herbs; -igar, -izar: to make, cover with, g.; -eskar: to turn g. — EFIS
  • verdigris-o verdigris. — EF
  • verdikt-o (jur.) verdict; finding; facar -o: to render a v. — DEFIRS
  • verdron-o (orni.) greenfinch, greenlinnet (Fringilla chloris). — F
  • verg-o rod, wand; ferule or birch (used for punishment); -eto: small rod, switch; -agar: (tr.) to flog (with a birch), to cane; -o-marko: mark of a rod. Ex.: La vergo di Moses, di magiisto. Frapar ulu per vergeto. — FI
  • verifik-ar (tr.) to verify (by examination), to confirm; to try, test (weights and measures); to audit; to prove (a will); -(ad)o: verification, examining, auditing; (of wills) probate; -isto, -ero: verifier, inspector, auditor. Def.: Kontrolar l’exakteso, justeso di kalkulo, di mezuro o mezurilo. Ex.: L’evento verifikas lua predico. Verifikar aserto, signaturo. — DEFIS
  • verjus-o verjuice: the sour juice of unripe or green fruits; (fig.) acid liquor. V. exp.: Dicesas metafore pri vino tro yuna od acida. — EF
  • verk-o (lit., artist., moral, social) work; -eto: essay, pamphlet; small deed; -aro: literature (= books in general; cf. literaturo); -aro cienc-ala: scientific works (books). Ex.: Verki da Molière. La merito di bona verki. On opinionis ne vivar vane quankam lua verki apene lasas traci. — DE
  • verm-o worm: any small creeping animal; maggot, grub (cf. larvo, lombriko, silko-raupo, tenio); -oza: wormy; -o-rod-ita: w. eaten; -o-forma: w. shaped; (anat.) vermiform; -et-oza: (arch.) vermicular. — DEFI
  • vermicel-o vermicelli. — EFIR
  • vermut-o (liqueur) verm(o)uth. — DEFIRS
  • vernier-o vernier: a sliding rule.
  • vernis-o varnish; -izar: to v. — EFI
  • veronik-o (bot.) veronica: speedwell (genus: Veronica). — DEFIS
  • vers (prep., physical sense) toward(s): in the direction of (cf. ad); vers la nordo: t. the north; levar la manui vers la cielo: to hold up the hands to heaven; lu turnis sua kapo vers me: he turned his head toward me. Def.: Directiono en la spaco. — FI
  • vers-o verse (in poetry; also of Bible); -ajo, -aro: a piece of poetry, verse(s), poem; -o sen-rima: blank v.; -ifar: to write v.; -igar: to versify (ulo). — DEFIS
  • version-o version: manner of relating a fact (cf. tradukuro). Ex.: Existas plura versioni pri l’acidento. — DEFIS
  • versor-o (math.) versor.
  • vertebr-o vertebra: joint or bone of spine; -ala kolono: vertebral column; -oza, -ozo: vertebrate animal; sen- -a, -o: invertebrate (animal). — DEFIS
  • vertic-o vertex: top, crown (of head), sinciput. — EFIS
  • vertig-o (vet.) staggers.
  • vertij-ar, -eskar (intr.) to be dizzy, have a swimming, whirling sensation; (cf. aturdar); -o: vertigo, dizziness, giddiness; -anta: dizzy (sensation, head); (med.) vertiginous; -ig-iva, -ig-anta: causing dizziness (heights, etc.). — EFIS
  • vertikal-a vertical, perpendicular, plumb; -o: v. line; -eso: verticalness (cf. perpendikl-eso). — DEFIRS
  • vertu-o virtue; (cf. chast-eso); -oza: virtuous; esar -oza pro neceseso: to make a virtue of necessity. Def.: Etikala tendenco facar lo bona ed evitar lo mala. Ex.: Vertui kardinala. Vertuoza homo, ago. Ant.: vicio. — EFIS
  • veruk-o (med.) wart. — FIS
  • verv-o verve: animation, spirit, go; -oza: animated, spirited, racy; -oza stilo: animated style; -o poeziala: poetic spirit. Def.: Ardoro di imaginado, di la spirito, qua anmizas la poeto, l’oratoro, la konversanto, e.c. V. exp.: vid. entuziasmo. — DEF
  • vesp-o (ent.) wasp; -eyo, -o-nesto: w. nest. — DEIS
  • vesper-o evening; -ala: evening, vesper (star, prayer, etc.); -e: in the evening; -festo, -kun-veno: evening party, soiree; ca- -e: this evening; pasar la -o: to spend the e.; dicar (od, dezirar) bon- -o (ad ulu): to say good e. — EL
  • vespertili-o (zool.) bat (genus: Vespertilio). — L
  • vespr-o, -i (R.C. rel.) vesper(s). — DEFIS
  • vest-o garment: article of clothing, vestment; -aro: clothes, attire, dress, toilet, garb, habiliment; raiment, wearing apparel; -eyo, -iz-eyo: dressing-place, -room; -izar: to clothe, dress, array (ulu, per ulo) (cf. metar); -iz-ita: dressed, clad; -iz-achar: to rig out in, bedizen (ridiculously); -o-dono regul-ier-ala: taking the habit or veil (friars or nuns); -o-vend-isto: clothier; sub- -o: undergarment; trauro- -o: mourning garment. — EFIS
  • vestal-o vestal-virgin; (fig.) chaste woman. — DEFIRS
  • Vestfali-a Westphalia; -ano: Westphalian.
  • vesti-o round jackets (without tails, as for waiters, fencing, etc.). — F
  • vestibul-o vestibule: front hall of an edifice, anteroom, lobby. — DEFIS
  • veston-o jacket: short coat for men (cf. jaketo). — F
  • vet-ar (tr.) to veto, negative (ulo); -o-yuro: right of veto.
  • veter-o weather; -o nub-oza: cloudy w. — DE
  • veteran-o veteran: old soldier; (fig.) any one of long practice. — DEFIRS
  • veterinar-o veterinary (-surgeon). — DEFIRS
  • vetiver-o (bot.) vetiver (genus: Andropogon). — DEFS
  • vetrin-o glass case (for showing objects, as in museums, shops, etc.), show-case. — FI
  • vetur-o vehicle (serving to transport persons or merchandise, carriage, wagon, conveyance; -irar: (od, -vehar): to go, travel, drive in a v.; -agar, -transportar: to carry in vehicle (cf. veh-igar); -edo: wagonful; quar-rota -o: four wheeled v.; manu-, hom- -o: hand-cart; lokac- -o: v. for hire, fly. — FI
  • vex-ar (tr.) to vex, provoke, irritate; (cf. despitar, molestar); -etar: to tease, plague, tantalize; -et-ema: teasing (person); la deskomforto jenas me; me esas vexata pro to: the inconvenience annoys me; I am vexed because of it; la pueruli vexetas la puerini: the boys tease the girls. — DE
  • vezik-o (anat., zool.) bladder; -eto: small b.; (of skin) vesicle; -igar: to vesicate: blister; -ig-iva: vesicatory. — EFIL
  • vezikatori-o (med.) vesicatory: blistering application. — DEFIS
  • vi you (plural, see vu); via: your (plural).
  • viadukt-o viaduct. — DEFIRS
  • viatik-o money or provisions given for a journey; (R.C. rel.) viaticum, last sacrament. V. exp.: La primitiva senco esas voyajo-subvenciono, de qua venas la religiala senco. — DEFIS
  • vibr-(ad)ar (intr.) to vibrate. Ex.: Vibrado di la violin-kordi, di la aero, di pendulo. — DEFIS
  • vibrion-o (bacteriol.) vibrio (genus: Vibrio). — DEFIRSL
  • viburn-o viburnum, snow-ball tree (genus: Viburnum). — EFIS
  • vice(-) (prep. and prefix) vice, instead of; - ke: (conj.) instead that. Ex.: Vice Iphigenia cervino sakrifikesis ad Artemis. Vice laborar, vu dormis..
  • vice-parol-anto, -ero spokesman.
  • vice-prezid-anto vice-president.
  • vicer-o (anat.) viscus; -i, -aro: viscera; -ala: visceral. V. exp.: Vicero havas senco diferanta de intestino, e plu vasta: ex. la kordio esas vicero. — EFIS
  • vice-rej-o viceroy.
  • vici-o vice: fault of character (cf. defekto, manko); -ozeso: viciousness, depravity; -oza: vicious (cf. perversa); -oza cirklo: (fig.) vicious circle; -izar: to vitiate: taint, contaminate; to sully (the character of); (jur.) to render defective or void. Ex.: Ebriemeso esas vicio. Vici-zar legal akto. Ant.: vertuo. — EFIS
  • vicin-a (esp. of people) neighboring, bordering, contiguous, adjacent (cf. proxima, apuda, kontigua); -(ul)o: neighbor; -aro: neighborhood: neighbors; -eso: (state) neighborhood: nearness, vicinity (of); -ajo: vicinity: (place); something neighboring (cf. cirkum-ajo); -esar: to be contiguous. — EFIS
  • vid-ar (tr.) to see; -igar (ulo da ulu): to cause someone to see something; -(ad)o: sight, vision: act of seeing; -ajo: what is seen, a sight, a view; -eyo: (locality) viewpoint; -punto: (mental) viewpoint, point of view; -ala: visual; -ebla: visible, apparent (cf. apar-anta, sembl-anta); -inda: worth seeing; -ind-ajo: something worth seeing; -enda: what ought or must be seen; -organo: organ of vision; mi- -ar: to catch a glimpse of, see imperfectly; inter- -o: interview: meeting for conference; *tele- -ilo television set. Ex.: La lasis me vidar nulo, ma lu vidis omno vidinda. Konocar ulu per la vido. Pagebla ye vido. V. exp.: vid. regardar. — FIR
  • vidam-o (feudalism) vidame. — EFIRS
  • vidv-a widowed; -ulo: widower; -ino: widow; -eso: widowhood; -eskar: to become a widow(er). — DEFIRS
  • viel-o vielle: a stringed instrument played upon with a wheel; (cf. turn-orgeno). Def.: Instrumento muzkala kun kordi, quan on pleas per manivelo e klavi. — DEF
  • vigil-ar (intr.) to abstain from sleep; to watch; to sit up; (cf. vekar); -(ad)o: vigil: being awake; on the alert; watching; (act.) vigilance; -anta: wide-awake, vigilant (act); -ema: (tendency) watchful, vigilant; -em-eso: vigilance; -anto, -ero, -isto: watcher; armo- -o: armed watch; -ar por malado: to sit up for (with) a sick person; -ar til jorno (lumo): to sit up, stay up, keep awake until daylight; -anta patro di la familio: a watchful father fo the family; -anta sorgo: vigilant care. — EFIS
  • vigili-o vigil; eve of a feast pf R.C. church. V. exp.: La dio ante la dio, quan on konsideras. Necesa ed internaciona en la religial uzo. — DEFIS
  • vigor-o vigor; -oza, -oze: vigorous (ly). Ex.: Vigoro di yuneso, di la mento. Agar vigoroze. — EFIS
  • vikari-o vicar: substitue in office; curate; -eso: vicariate; curacy; la -o di Iesu Kristo: the v. of Jesus Christ, the pope; grand- -o (od, vikario-generalo): v. general. — DEFIRS
  • viktim-o victim: person or animal sacrificed; (fig.) sufferer, dupe; -igar: to victimize (ulu); -o-homa: human v. — EFIS
  • Viktoria Victoria (Australia).
  • viktuali-o victuals, provisions; (nav.) stores. Def.: Provizuri por manjar. — DEFS
  • vikun-o (zool.) vicuna, vicugna (Auchenia vicunna); -lano: v. cloth. — DEFIRS
  • vil-o (bot., anat.) villosity: coating of hairs; -oza: villous; (cf. vilozit-o). — EFIS
  • vilaj-o village; -eto: small v., hamlet; -ano: villager. — EFI
  • vilanel-o villanelle: a kind of rustic ballad or dance. — DEFIRS
  • vild-o (wild) game; -oza: full of g.; -izar: to stock with g.: -chasar, -kaptar: to hunt; -kapt-isto, vend-isto: fowler, sportsman; dealer in g.; -o-karno: flesh of g.; -o-sako: g. bag; plum- -o: feathered g.; wild fowl. — D
  • vilej-ar (intr.) to rusticate; -(ad)o: sojourn in the country. — FI
  • «villa» villa.
  • vilozit-o, -i (of intestines) villosity; (cf. vilo).
  • vimpl-o wimple (as of nuns). — E
  • vin-o wine; -ala,-oza, -atra: vinous; -ea: w. colored; -if-ado: vinification, w. making; -vend-eyo, -erio: w. shop; -o nefermentacinta: unfermented w., sweet w.; -o sen-sukra: dry w. — DEFIRS
  • vinagr-o vinegar; -ifar: to make v.; -izar: to put v. on; -uyo: v. cruet; -holder. — EFS
  • vind-ar (tr.) to reel up; to wind or hoist (as with a windlass; cf. spular, hisar, en-volvar); -ilo: windlass, winch. — DE
  • vinil-o vinyl. — DEFIRS
  • vink-ar (tr.) to overcome, vanquish, conquer, master, defeat, get the better of; (intr.) to win; be victorious; -o: victory; -anto, -ero: conquerer, victor; -anta, -ema, -oza: victorious; -ala kanto: song of vicory. — EFIS
  • vintr-o winter; -ala: windtry; -e: in w.; en meza -o: in the depth of w. — DE
  • vinyet-o (engraved) vignette (of books, papers); -oza papero: paper with ornamented borders. — DEFIRS
  • viol-o (bot.) violet; -ea, -kolora: v. colored, purple; -atra: v. like; purplish. — EFIRS
  • violac-ar (tr.) to violate: to infringe, transgress, break a law, one’s oath); to ravish, rape (a female); -o: rape; violation; -ante la reguli: in violation of the rules. — EFIS
  • violent-ar (tr.) to violate: do or use violence to, to ill use, force (ulu, ulo); -(ad)o: violating, violence; (jur.) force; -ala morto: violent death; -oza, -ema: violent: (persons, winds, passions, etc.); -esar: to suffer violence (da). Ex.: Violentar la koncienco. — EF
  • violin-o violin, fiddle; -plear: to play the v.; -agar: to play (ulo) on the v.; -(ple)ero, -isto: v. player. — DEFIS
  • violoncel-o violoncello, ‘cello. — DEFIS
  • viper-o viper: venemous reptile, as adder; (fig.) malignant person; -ala, -atra: viperine; -lango: (fig.) an evil tongue. — DEFIS
  • vir-o a (grown) man, a manly person: male adult possessing masculine qualities, as a soldier, etc.; -ala, -atra: virile, manly (of voice, sexual organs, etc.); -eso: virility, manliness, manhood, man’s estate, vigor; -aro: crew (of a ship), squad of men, etc.; -atra mulier-o: virago; -izar: to man, provide men for. — EFIS
  • virg-a virgin(al: entirely chaste, also in fig. sense; -a tero: v. soil; -a foresto: untrodden forest; -a metalo: native, v. metal; -ulo: a chaste man or male; -ino: virgin; -ala, -in-ala: virginal, maidenly; -eso, -in-eso: virginity, maidenhood. — EFIS
  • Virgili-ala Virgilian, of Virgil.
  • virologi-o virology. — DEFIRS
  • virtual-a (philos., opt., mechan.) virtual, potental; -e: virtually; -eso, -ajo: virtuality, potentiality; -a rapid-eso: v. velocity; -a foko: v. focus. Def.: Qua esas en potencialo, ma ne en efekto aktuala. Ex.: Armeo virtuale vinkita. — DEFIRS
  • virtuoz-a (highly) skilled, artistic, masterly; -(ul)o: virtuoso; -eso: virtuosity, virtuosoship: professional or consummate skill, artistic perfection, masterly style or play. — DEFIS
  • virulent-a virulent; -eso: virulence. — DEFIS
  • virus-o (med.) virus; -oza: poisonous. — DEFIS
  • vis-ar (tr., intr.) to screw in: turn in a screw; -(ad)o: screwing (of screws); -ilo: screw-driver; -ilo ajust-ebla: a spanner, stillson or monkey wrench. V. exp.: On visas skrubi. On skrub-agas, skrub-ligas ulo, quale kesto, buxo, e.c. — F
  • vish-ar (tr.) to wipe (off), wipe dry by rubbing; (cf. sik-igar); manu- -ilo: towel; plum- ilo: pen-wiper. — D
  • viskomt-o (title) viscount. — DEFIRS
  • viskoz-a viscous, viscid; (cf. glutin-iva); -eso: viscosity. — DEFIS
  • vist-ar (tr.) to visé: to endorse, countersign; -o: visé: official signature. Def.: Oficale signatar o autentikigar dokumento od akto. Ex.: La visto di konsulo sur pasporto. — EIS
  • vit-o (bot.) vine; -eyo, -agro: vineyard; -folio: leaf of the v.; -kultiv-ado: v. culture; (fig.) wine-growing; -bero: grape; sika vit-bero: raisin; vito-grapo: bunch of grapes; -re-koltar: to gather the vintage; -o Virginiana: Virginia creeper. — EFIS
  • vital-ismo vitalism: a biological doctrine; -isto: vitalist. — DEFIRS
  • vitamin-o vitamin. — DEFIRS
  • vitel-o vitellus: yolk of egg; -ala: vitelline. — EFIS
  • vitr-o (the material) glass; -a: (made of) g.; -ala, -atra: glass, vitreous; -izar: to furnish or cover (ulo) with g. (windows, etc.); -iz-isto: glazier (cf. glezar); -igar (tr.), -eskar (intr.): to vitrify; -ifar: to make g.; -if-erio: g. works; -if-isto: g. maker; -o-karelo: pane (as of a window); -o-tekto: g. roof; -o-papero: sand-paper; -o-parieto: g. partition; -o-plako: plate g.; -ach-ajo, -aji: glass trinkets, g. beads. — EFIS
  • vitrali-o (-fenestro) stained-glass window (as in churches). Def.: Vitro artala, kolorizita, dekoriva, qua klozas fenestro (quale en kelka kirki e laika edifici). — F
  • vitriol-o vitriol. — DEFIS
  • viul-o (mus.) viol; name for instruments of violin family; bas- -o: bass-viol (cf. violoncelo). Def.: Anciena formo d grosa violino de qua developesis la moderna speci di violini). — DEFIRS
  • viv-ar (intr., tr.) to live: be living, be alive (cf. habitar, kondutar); -o: life; -ala: vital (cf. esenca, ne-kare-ebla); -anto: living person; -anta: alive, living; -oza, -ema: full of life, animated, lively, vivacious; -oz-eso: vitality; -em-eso: vivacity (cf. vivaca); -etar, -achar: to make shift to live, live from hand to mouth; -igar: to vivify, quicken, give life to, animate (cf. anm-izar); -iva, -kapabla: likely to live, capable of living; -ez! viv- klamo: vive! long live! hurrah, cheer; trans- -ar: to survive: remain alive; bon-viv-anto: bon-vivant, high-liver; gaya viv-anto: lively, good-humored person; dum-viva (od, viv-dur-anta) rento: life annuity. Ex.: Fishi povas vivar nur en l’aquo. Lu vivas mizerosa vivo. Lasar ulu vivar. Vivar sua vivo. Qua vivos vidos. La tempo dum qua lu vivis. Vivar quale ermito. Dum la vivo di. Vivala povo, principo. Vivozeso di forta viro. Vivemeso di pueri. La mediko dicas, ke ica infanto esas viviva. La mento vivigas la korpo. Ant.: mortar. — EFIS
  • vivac-a lively, nimble, vivacious, sprightly, brisk; -eso: vivacity: liveliness; ta infanto esas tre -a: that child is very lively; il vivacigas omno quon il agas: he puts life into whatever he does. — EFIS
  • viv-dis-sek-ar (tr.) to vivisect: to dissect living beings.
  • vivipar-a viviparous.
  • viz-ar (tr., intr.) to aim at, to take aim (cf. intencar, tendencar, ambiciar); -o: aim: direction of the sight toward an object; -ar (vers) ucelo: to aim at a bird; -o-grano: sight (of a gun); -lineo: line of aim. — F
  • vizaj-o visage: face of a person. Def.: L’avana parto di la homala kapo, konsiderata de extere ed en lua expresiveso. — EFI
  • vizel-o (zool.) weasel (Mustela vulgaris). — DE
  • vizier-o visor (of a helmet, a cap); okul- -o: eye-shade (for the head). — DEFIS
  • vizion-o vision, apparition; -era, -ema; -ero, emo: visionary (person). Ex.: Imaginar sua vizioni esar realaji. La vizioni di la profeti. Unesme la populo nomizis Columbus kom vizionero. — DEFIS
  • vizir-o vizier; granda -o: g. v. — DEFIRS
  • vizit-ar (tr.) to visit, pay a v. to, call upon (ulu, ulo); -karto: visiting card; -festo: (rel.) visitation. — DEFIRS
  • voc-o (also gram.) voice; (fig.) expression of opinion; -o alta, basa, klara, obskura, rupto-sona: high, low clear, unclear, broken v.; mi- -e: in an undertone; -e: by word of mouth; voca voto: viva voce vote; -ala: vocal, verbal, oral, uttered or relating to the v.; -o-kondukt-ilo: v. conductor (cf. parol-tubo); la -o publika: (fig.) public opinion; la -o di koncienco: (fig.) the v. of conscience; elekt-ita per 7 voci ek 12: elected by 7 out of 12 (viva voce) votes; -o-reflekt-ilo: sounding board (as for pulpit); sen-voc-eso: loss of voice, aphonia. — EFIS
  • vodevil-o (theat.) vaudeville. — DEFIR
  • vodk-o vodka. — DEFIRS
  • Vogesi Vosges (mountains).
  • (ad-)vok-ar (tr., intr., also fig.) to call (to) (ulu), ask to come, summons; -eso: vocation. Ex.: (Ad-)vokar la hundo per lua nomo. (Ad-)vokar la guardo. Vokar por helpo. Kun-vokar la rezervo-trupi a la militala servado. Vokar (a) Deo por helpo. Mea patrio esas en danjero, la honoro vokas. V. exp.: vid. klamar. — EIL
  • vokal-o (gram.) vowel. — DEFIS
  • vokaliz-ar (intr., tr., mus.) to vocalize: to sing a vowel sound without uttering words. — DEFIRS
  • vokativ-o (gram.) vocative (case). — DEFIS
  • vol-ar (tr.) to will: determine in the mind, to decide, resolve, exercise volition (cf. dezirar, voluntar); -o: (act) will, volition; -ado: (faculty) the will, volition; -eto, -esko: low degree of will, fancy, mind, slight degree of inclination, caprice, humor; -ala: willful: relating to will; -ata, -ita: willed, willful, intended, voluntary (cf. voluntar); -e: willfully; -anta: voluntary: proceeding from free-will; sen-vol-a: involuntary; segun-vol-a: optional; segun-vole: at pleasure, at will; segun-vola pafado: firing at will; bon-, mal- -volo: good, ill will; me volas vidar il: I will (am determined) to see him; me volas facar ol: I mean to (will) do it; me ne volas: I won’t, I do not mean to; volo ne-flex-ebla: inflexible will; la reflexi esas ne-dependanta de la volado: the reflexes are independent of the will (volition); me havas vol-eto refuzar: I have a mind to refuse; vol-ala (od, vol-anta) ago, movo: voluntary act, motion; vol-ita eroro: willful error. — DEFIRS
  • volatil-a volatile; -eso: volatility. Def.: Vaporeskema ye l’ordinara temperaturo. — EFIS
  • volf-o, -ulo, -ino wolf; (astron.) Wolf, Lupus; -o-homo: (mythol.) were-wolf.
  • Volini-a Volhynia; -ano: Volhynian.
  • volkan-o volcano; -ala, -atra: volcanic (stone, etc.); -oza: volcanic: full of v.s; -o exting-ita: extinct v. — DEFIRS
  • volontari-o (esp. military) volunteer. — DEFIRS
  • volt-o (elec.) volt. — DEFIRS
  • volt-ar (intr.) to volt: make a sudden turn or leap aside (as in fencing); (cf. voltijar). — DEFIRS
  • voltij-ar (intr.) to vault (on a horse, on a slack rope, etc.); -(ad)o: vaulting, leaping, tumbling; -anto, -isto: leaper, vaulter, tumbler; -ero: (fig.) voltigeur: F. light-infantry soldier. — DEFIR
  • voltmetr-o voltmeter. — DEFIRS
  • volumin-o (geom.) volume: space occupied; (cf. maso, tomo); -oza: voluminous, bulky. — DEFIS
  • volunt-ar (tr., intr.) to be willing (to); to have no objection (to); (in polite phrases) to be so kind as, be pleased to; -o: willingness, good-will; -a, -ala, -anta: voluntary, willingly; -ez: please; -e: gladly, readily, willingly. Ex.: Me voluntas facar to. Voluntez enirar, sioro. Voluntez dicar a me. Me akompanos vu tre volunte. On volunte (E. readily) kredas to quon on deziras kredar. V. exp.: Voluntez esas vicina a komplezez, degnez, ma min forta. La tri vorti: voluntar, komplezar, degnar formacas gradaro: komplezo esas ulo plu kam volunto; degno esas komplezo o favoro di altranga persono. — EFI
  • volupt-o voluptuousness; -oza: voluptuous (sensation, etc.); -ema, -emo: voluptuous (person). Def.: Granda plezuro sensala. — EFIS
  • volut-o (arch.) volute, spiral scroll. — DEFIRS
  • (en-)volv-ar (tr.) to roll up, wrap around; to coil (a rope); -ar su: to wrap up oneself; (cf. spular). Ex.: (En-)volvar standardo cirkum lua shafto. Volvar kordo cirkum la korpo. (En-)volvar peco de stofo. V. exp.: vid. envelopar. — L
  • vom-ar (tr., intr.) to vomit, throw up, belch out (wind, gas, etc.); -ajo: vomit: what is thrown up; -ig-iva, -ig-ivo: vomitive, emetic. Ex.: Vomar sango. La volkano vomas flamo. — EFIS
  • vomer-o (anat.) vomer: nostril bone.
  • vomik-o (med.) vomica: abscess cavity in the lungs.
  • vomiknuc-o nux-vomica, vomic-nut; -iero: n. v. tree (Strychnos Nux-vomica). — EFIS
  • vomitori-o (anc. arch.) vomitory. Def.: Arkeologiala termino: enireyo ed ekireyo en la teatri ed amfi-teatri. — DEFIS
  • vort-o (written, printed) word (cf. parolo); -aro: collection of words; vocabulary; -o-libro: word-book, dictionary; -ope, -opa: verbatim, word for word, literal (translation); -ifar: to build words; -if(ad)o: word building. — DE
  • vortic-ar (intr.) to whirl, rotate rapidly; -o: whirling, vortex; aer- -o: whirlwind; aquo- -o: whirlpool; vortico di aferi: rush of business; polvo- -o: cloud of dust. — EI
  • vot-ar (intr.) to vote (either viva voce or by ballot) (por, kontre): (tr.) to v. for (ulu); to enact (ulo); -(ad)o: vote, voting; voice, suffrage, ballot; -anto, -into: voter; -yuro: right to v.; balot-voto: vote by (second) ballot; listo- -o: ballot by list; -o-konto: polling: count of votes; -o per manui: show of hands; -ado universala: universal suffrage; votar por lego: to vote for a law; votar lego: to enact a law. — DEFIRS
  • vov-ar (tr., intr.) to vow, make a v. (of); -o: vow; -ajo: votive offering; -ala: votive. Ex.: Vovar absteno. Vovar templo a deo. — EF
  • voy-o (tera, fera, mara) way, road; (R.R.) track, route; -eto: path(way), footpath; -ego: broad road, highway; -ifar: to make a road; mi- -o (ye): half-way; lakto- -o: (astron.) Milky Way; fer- -o: railroad; kargo-letro fervoy-ala: way-bill; voy-administrado: administration of public ways; voy-labor-isto: road worker. — F
  • voyaj-ar (intr.) to travel; (by water) to voyage; -eskar: to start on a journey; -o: travel(ing); trip (cf. turo); -ado: frequent or continued travel; -anta; -ero: traveling, traveler, passenger; -ema; -emo: (person) fond of t.; itinerant, strolling; -o-spensi: traveling expenses; vivo- -o: (fig.) life’s journey; komerc- -isto: commercial traveler; -era kolombo: carrier pigeon. Ex.: Voyajar en Azia, de London a New York. — EFIS
  • vu (pl. vi:) you; (for familiar usage cf. tu); vua (pl. via or vui): your(s), your own; vua relati: your relations; mea esas verda, vua esas reda: mine is green, yours (pl.) are red; ube esas la kamizi? Vui esas en l’armoro e mei esas en la laveyo: where are the shirts? yours are in the press and mine are in the wash; prenez elia manteli kun vii: take their cloaks with your own (pl.). — FIR
  • vulgar-a vulgar: used or done by the common run of people, common, popular, unrefined; (N.B. for low, coarse sense, cf. grosiera, ne-polita, mal-gusta); (noun form = populo, turbo, plebey-aro); -eso: (quality) vulgarism: commonness, unrefinedness (N.B. not «low» cf. grosier-ajo); -igar: to vulgarize: make popular; -ig-anto, -ero: popularizer; -a traduko di Biblo: vulgar version of the Bible (cf. vulgato); -a parolado, opiniono, pre-judiki: vulgar tongue, opinion, prejudices. — DEFIRS
  • vulgat-o Vulgate: Latin version of the Bible. — DEFIRS
  • Vulkan-ala (geol.) Vulcanian.
  • vulkaniz-ar (tr.) to vulcanize. — DEFIRS
  • vulnerari-o (bot.) kidney-vetch, wound-wort (Vulneraria rustica). — FIS
  • vult-o (arch.) vault; (cf. mason-ita tombo, kelero); -atra: v. like, archlike; -izar: to cover with a v.; -igar: to arch; -iz-ita, -ig-ita: vaulted, arched. — EFI
  • vultur-o (orni.) vulture; (fig.) a rapacious person. — EFI
  • vulv-o (anat.) vulva. — DEFIRS
  • vund-ar (tr.) to wound; (cf. lezar, kontuzar, ofensar); -o, -uro: wound(ing); -ebla: (also fig.) vulnerable. — DE
  • Wals Wales.
  • «wampum» wampum: Indian currency.
  • warant-o (jur.) warrant; (dogan-) waranto: (com.) dock-warrant. Def.: (com.) Recev-atesto pri vari pozata en dogan-depozeyo. — DEFIS
  • warf-o wharf, jetty; -eto: landing-stage, gang-way. V. exp.: Warfo esas nek digo, nek kayo, nam ol ne esas masiva, ma speco de eshafodo formacita ek ligna o fera trabi. — DEF
  • warp-o (in weaving) warp; (cf. urdar). — E
  • wat-o (elec.) watt. — DEF
  • weft-o (weaving, etc.) woof.
  • weld-ar (tr.) to weld, forge together (iron, steel); -o, -uro: a weld, welding. V. exp.: La F. S. havas nur un vorto por soldar e weldar, a la I. usas ofte la sama por la du diferanta juntamieri. La soldo e la brazo esas fakte du speci di glutino di du metalspeci per konvenanta metal, qua esas en la soldo soldostano, en la brazo kupro. Pro la tre diferanta fuz-temperaturo di stano e kupro, on soldas ye cirkume 300° C. ed on brazas ye cirkume 1000° C. On povas soldar e brazar omna metali, anke du diversa. Ma on povas weldar nur tre poka de li, ex. l’oro, la fero (se ol ne kontenas troa karbo), e.c., e nur du peci di la sama metalo. La weldo konsistas en varmigo til komencanta fuzo e posa kunbato per marteli, de quo rezultas junturo preske tam forta kam la solida metalo. — E
  • west-o west; -a, -ala: westerly: of or relating to the w.; -e: (direction) westward, in, to the w.; ad- -e: (with motion) westward. — DEFIRS
  • wigwam-o wigwam. — DEFIRS
  • wiski-o (spirit) whisky. — DEFIRS
  • wist-o (card game) whist. — DEFIRS
  • wistiti-o (zool.) ouistiti,marmoset (monkey). — DEFIR
  • wolfram-o (min.) wolfram: tungsten.
  • Wurtemberg Wurtemberg; -ano: Wurtemberger.


X

  • xantin-o (chem.) xanthine.
  • xantofil-o (chem., bot.) xanthophyl.
  • xeni-o satirical epigram (first introduced by Goethe and Schiller); (biol.) xenia.
  • xenon-o (chem.) xenon.
  • xerofit-o (bot.) xerophyte.
  • xifoid-a (anat.) xiphoid, ensiform.
  • xilofag-a, -o xylophagous (insect, bivalve). Def.: Una de la multa speci de insekti, qui rodas la ligno. — EFIS
  • xilofon-o (mus.) xylophone. — DEFIS
  • xilograf-ar (tr., intr.) to engrave on wood or print from wood engravings. — DEFIRS


Y

  • ya indeed, most certainly, truly (used in a sentence to lend emphasis, to confirm a statement); esis ya mea kulpa: it was truly my fault; me ya facis to: it was I indeed who did it. — D
  • yak-o yak. — DEFIRS
  • yakt-o yacht. — DEFRS
  • yar-o year, twelvemonth; -ala: yearly, annual; relating to y.; -ala (od, un-yara) planti: annual plants; -libro: yearbook, annual (cf. almanako); singla-, omna-yar-a, -e: yearly; which takes place every year; -deko: decade; -dek-a: happening every ten years (cf. dek-yara); -cento: century; mi-yar-a: twice a year; -rento: annuity; ca-yar-e, -a: this year; ante un yaro: one year ago; en yaro mez-valora: in the average year, one year with another. — DE
  • yard-o (nav.) yard (for a sail), yardarm; -o granda: main y. — E
  • yatagan-o yataghan; long Turkish dagger. — DEFIS
  • ye preposition of indefinite meaning to be used when no other preposition covers the meaning; especially denoting position, place, precise situation, time: ye la fino di la libro: at the end of the book; il prenis il ye la manuo: he took him by the hand; ye ca vorti: at these words; ye la di-mezo: at midday; ye dek metri de me: at (or, within) ten meters of me.
  • Yemen Yemen. — DEFIRS
  • yen (conjunction with an interjectional character) (with or without hike, ibe) here is, there is; (interj. meaning) look here! behold! lo! yen la volfo: here is the wolf; look, the wolf! yen (hike) me: here I am; yen (ibe) lu: there he is; yen me: behold, it is I! yen lu: there he comes; yen pomi, prenez le bona: here are apples, take the good ones; yen (ke) la treno arivas: here comes the train; yen quale la kozi eventis: this is how things happened; yen me itere: here I am again. — E
  • yes yes, ay, yea. Ant.: no. — E
  • yiterb-o (min.) ytterbium.
  • yitr-o (chem.) yttrium.
  • yodl-ar (tr., intr.) to yodel (in singing). — DEF
  • yog-o yoga. — DEFIRS
  • yogurt-o yoghurt. Def.: Lakto koagulinta per fermento specala veninta de Bulgaria. — DEFIS
  • yol-o jolly-boat; a shipís boat of medium size; yawl. — DEFIR
  • yoy-o yo-yo. — DEFIRS
  • yuft-o Russian leather. — DR
  • yug-o yoke; (fig.) bondage. — DEFIS
  • Yugoslavi-a Yugoslavia. — DEFIRS
  • yuk-o (bot.) yucca (genus: Yucca). — DEFIS
  • yun-a young; -es-ala: juvenile, youthful; -o, -ulo, -ino: a young person; -eso: (time) youth; -aro: (collect.) youth; -es-ala stroko: prank, frolic; -es-ala aspekto: youthfulness (in appearance). Note: The suffix -id denotes the descendant, offspring of persons: Izraelido, Napoleonido. For progeny other than of persons -yuno is used: bovyuno, kavalyuno, etc. V. exp.: vid. anciena. Ant.: olda. — DEFR
  • yur-o right (founded on law, property, vested interest) legal-right, -title, -authority; right (moral claim founded on justice, equity); (cf. lego, yust-eso); -o-cienco: law (as a science); jurisprudence; -isto: jurist; -izar: to entitle, authorize, give the (legal) right to; (cf. darfar); -iz-ita: entitled, legitimate, lawful; -izo: authorization; yur-iz-iti: (jur.) assigns. Ex.: La legi definas la yuri di la homi. La yuro votar esas civitanala yuro. Yuro naturala. Yuro defensar su, parolar (pri), laborar. — DEFIRS
  • yurt-o yurt. — DEFIRS
  • yust-a just, equitable, rightful, fair, justifiable (cf. yur-iz-ita, equitatoza, justa); -(ul)o: a just act; -eso: (moral) justness, justice, fairness, uprightness, integrity (cf. equitato, yuro); -igar: to make just (cf. justifikar); esez yusta e ne timez: be just and fear not. Def.: Konforma a personala justeso, a la yuro, a la raciono.


Z

  • zagay-o assagai: S. African spear.
  • Zaire Zaire. — DEFIRS
  • Zambezi Zambesi. — DEFIRS
  • Zambi-a Zambia. — DEFIRS
  • Zanzibar Zanzibar.
  • zebr-o (zool.) zebra; -ea, -o-bunta: striped like a z. — DEFIRS
  • zebu-o (zool.) zebu (Bos indicus). — DEFIRS
  • zefir-o zephyr, gentle breeze. — DEFIS
  • zek-o (ent.) tick (Ixodes). — DI
  • zel-ar (intr.) to be zealous; -o: zeal; -anta, -oza: zealous, sedulous; -anto, -ozo: zealot; ne- -oza: lukewarm. — EFIS
  • zenit-o (astron. and fig.) zenith. — DEFIRS
  • zeolit-o (min.) zeolite. — DEF
  • zer-o (temperature) zero; (arith.) cipher, nought; super, sub -o: above, below z. — EFIS
  • zest-o the woody skin quartering the kernel of a walnut. — F
  • zeugm-o zeugma. — DEFIRS
  • zeze-ar (intr.) to lisp. Def.: Pronunciar j quale z e sh quale s. — FS
  • zibelin-o (fur, animal) sable. — FIS
  • zigomat-o (anat.) zygoma: cheek bone. — EFIS
  • zigomorf-a (bot., zool.) zygomorphic. — DEFIS
  • zigospor-o zygospore. — DEFIS
  • zigot-o (bot.) zygote. — DEFIS
  • zigzag-ar (intr.) to zigzag. — DEFIRS
  • zimaz-o (chem.) zymase. — DEFIS
  • Zimbabwe Zimbabwe. — DEFIRS
  • zimologi-o zymology. — DEFIRS
  • zimosimetr-o zymosimeter. — DEFIRS
  • zimoteknik-o zymotechnics: technology of ferments. — DEFIRS
  • zini-o zinnia. — DEFIRS
  • zink-o zinc; -a: (made of) z.; -labor-isto: z. worker; -izar: to cover with z. — DEFIRS
  • zinkografi-o zincography.
  • zirkon-o (min.) zircon. — DEFIRS
  • zirkoni-o zirconium. — DEFIRS
  • zodiak-o zodiac; -o-signo: sign of z. — DEFIRS
  • zon-o (geog., geom.) zone; (for body) girdle, belt, sash, waist-band (cf. tayo); -izar: to girdle, girt; inclose in a z.; -o torida: torrid z.; -o militala: military z.; -o-kateno: chatelaine; espado -o: sword-belt; kordo zonizis lumbo (od, tayo): his loins were girt with a cord. — DEFIRS
  • zoofit-o (zool.) zoöphyte. — DEFIRS
  • zoografi-o zoögraphy. — EFIRS
  • zoologi-o zoology; -isto: zoölogist. — DEFIRS
  • zoosperm-o (biol.) zoösperm. — DEFIS
  • zoospor-o (bot., zool.) zoöspore. — DEFIS
  • zuav-o (soldier) zouave. — DEFIRS
  • zukin-o zucchini, courgette. — DEFIRS
  • Zulu-a Zulu; -o: a Zulu; -lando: Zululand.
  • zum-ar (intr.) to buzz (as flying insects), to drone: make a humming or buzzing noise. — DS